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Menyhert, Balint, Zsombor Cseres-Gergely, Virmantas Kvedaras, Benedetta Mina, Filippo Pericoli & Slavica Zec (2025): Measuring and Monitoring Absolute Poverty in the European Union. Cham: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan, XXI, 443 p. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-63953-1

Abstract

"Fueled by the recent cost of living crisis and compounding social policy challenges, absolute poverty measurement is rapidly gaining relevance in many advanced economies. Focusing on individuals' and households' minimum financial needs, absolute measures of poverty are well suited to support adequate social protection schemes and time-consistent social monitoring. The current open access publication gives a comprehensive overview of the art and science of absolute poverty measurement in an EU-wide context. It summarizes the lessons learnt from the ABSPO exploratory research project carried out by the European Commission, tasked with designing and implementing the first cross-country comparable measurement of absolute poverty in the EU. Presented as a methodological handbook for practitioners and social policy experts, the relevant material covers all aspects of the measurement process and offers a novel framework, innovative methodologies and pioneering data analysis. Taking a decidedly forward-looking and international approach to poverty thinking, ABSPO measurement tools help identify new forms and patterns of social exclusion among European societies that call for further research, improved social monitoring and effective policy action. Bálint Menyhért is an empirical economist and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Zsombor Cseres-Gergely is a policy economist and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Virmantas Kvedaras is an applied econometrician and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Benedetta Mina is an economist and former research assistant at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Filippo Pericoli is a quantitative economist and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Slavica Zec is a statistician and former research fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission." (Provided by publisher)

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Becker, Irene (2024): Armut und Reichtum im Teilhabediskurs – die Frage nach den Grenzen. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 12, S. 843-863. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1451901

Abstract

"Forschungen zu materieller Armut und Reichtum basieren überwiegend auf der Verteilung von Einkommen oder Vermögen, teilweise auf Konsumdaten, Indikatoren zur Deprivation oder mehrdimensionalen Konstrukten. Dabei beziehen sie sich auf gängige, empirisch aber nicht fundierte Abgrenzungen von Armut und Reichtum. Demgegenüber werden mit der folgenden Studie zum einen Einkommen und Vermögen integrativ betrachtet. Zum anderen wird das Konsum- und Sparverhalten einbezogen, um eine empirisch fundierte Armuts- und Reichtumsgrenze abzuleiten. Die Analyse führt zu einer moderaten Verschiebung der etablierten Grenzen. Nach der konzeptionellen Grundidee sind diese aber nicht für die gesamte EU und für alle Zeiten zu verallgemeinern, sondern können mit der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Situation variieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Cai, Julie (2024): Work Hours Volatility and Child Poverty: The Potential Mitigating Role of Safety Net Programs. In: Social forces, Jg. 102, H. 3, S. 902-925. DOI:10.1093/sf/soad109

Abstract

"Despite established links among persistent unemployment, low wages, and children’s economic well-being, social scientists have yet to document how variability in work hours is linked to child poverty. Our knowledge of the safety net’s heterogeneous responses to work-hour instability is also limited. This is of critical importance for scholars and policymakers. Using nationally representative data collected every 4 months, this paper examines how intra-year work-hour volatility is related to child poverty, measured through both the official poverty measure (OPM) and the supplemental poverty measure (SPM). It further assesses varying degrees of buffering effects of cash, in-kind benefits, and tax transfers on income in the context of work-hour volatility. Results indicate that more than one in four households (26%) facing the greatest volatility lived under the poverty line. Black and Hispanic children, as well as those living with unpartnered single mothers, faced substantially higher variability in household market hours worked. Hispanic children experienced not only greater volatility in their caregivers’ work hours but also higher poverty level, even after taking government programs into account. In-kind benefits are more effective in buffering household income declines resulting from unstable work hours, followed by tax transfers and cash benefits. The effectiveness of near-cash benefits is particularly salient among Black children and children of single mothers. These results provide new evidence to inform policy discussions surrounding the best ways to help socioeconomically disadvantaged families to retain benefits and smooth their income in the face of frequent variation in work hours and, thus, earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cremer, Georg (2024): Kinderarmut – Fallstricke der Debatte. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 4, S. 253-263. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1436201

Abstract

"Die Existenz von Armut in einem Sozialstaat gilt weithin als Beleg seines Versagens. Die dominanten Konzepte, Armut zu messen, sind jedoch nicht geeignet, Fortschritte oder Rückschläge bei der Bekämpfung von Armut verlässlich zu bewerten. Die statistische Konvention der „Armutsrisikoquote“ wird in der politischen Diskussion als sozialpolitische Norm fehlinterpretiert. Gemessen an dieser Norm aber scheitert jede Politik zur Armutsbekämpfung. Wird die Zahl der Grundsicherungsbezieher als Armutsindikator genutzt, so scheint Armut umso verbreiteter zu sein, je mehr der Sozialstaat leistet, sie zu bekämpfen. Die Auseinandersetzung um die Kindergrundsicherung zeigt, dass diese konzeptionellen und kommunikativen Fallstricke die Verständigung über eine wirksame Politik der Armutsbekämpfung erschweren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ederer, Stefan, Marian Fink, Silvia Rocha-Akis & Vanessa Lechinger (2024): Prognose von "Beyond GDP"-Indikatoren zur Einkommensverteilung. (WIFO Research Briefs 2024,05), Wien, 8 S.

Abstract

"Das WIFO erweitert seine Konjunkturprognose um zwei Indikatoren zur Einkommensentwicklung: das S80/S20-Einkommensquintilverhältnis und die Armutsgefährdungsquote. Beide sind wichtige Kennzahlen im Rahmen der Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen sowie der "Beyond GDP"-Initiative der Europäischen Kommission, die einen breiteren Ansatz zur Messung von Wohlstand und Wohlergehen darstellen. Die beiden Indikatoren werden auf der Grundlage der EU-SILC-Daten mit Hilfe von EUROMOD berechnet. Wichtige Inputfaktoren sind dabei die Bevölkerungsprognose und die Haushaltsprognose von Statistik Austria sowie die Entwicklung von Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit, Lohneinkommen und Inflation basierend auf der jeweiligen WIFO-Konjunkturprognose. Da EU-SILC erst mit Verzögerung zur Verfügung steht, werden die beiden Indikatoren auch für vergangene Jahre geschätzt (Nowcast). Die Prognose für die Jahre 2024 und 2025 (Forecast) zeigt, dass die Indikatoren relativ stabil sind und innerhalb der üblichen Schwankungsbreiten liegen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fina, Stefan, Julian Schmitz, Sabine Weck, Carmella Pfaffenbach & Diane Dobusch (2024): New measurement approaches to identifying spatial concentrations of poor and low-income households in German city regions. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Jg. 82, H. 1, S. 40-54. DOI:10.14512/rur.1715

Abstract

"The question of whether 21st-century urbanization dynamics are leading to a suburbanization of poverty in Western city regions has been on the agenda of spatial researchers and housing policymakers for over a decade now. Persistent reurbanization trends are putting increased pressure on inner-city housing markets, resulting in affordability problems for low-income households. Evidence from the US and the UK shows that financing mechanisms in the real estate sector were severely disrupted in the aftermath of the financial crisis in 2009 and subsequent years, with many households losing their homes and being forced to move. Though social security systems and social housing policies generally have a moderating effect, they vary widely across Western countries. Against this background, this paper presents three spatial observation methods tailored to the spatial analysis of poverty concentrations in Germany. The methods are based on three popular conceptualizations of poverty: material poverty, relative poverty, and the concept of neighborhood deprivation. The main novelty presented in this paper is a cold-spot analysis of purchasing power in 33 city regions using interactive map visualizations and complemented by socioeconomic indicators. Expert feedback verifies the validity of the approach which addresses a ‘blind spot’ in assessing poverty in Germany, where many low-income households are increasingly exposed to risks of poverty despite not qualifying for social benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ginevičius, Romualdas, Birutė Teodora Visokavičienė, Yuriy Bilan & Marek Lisiński (2024): Quantitative assessment of the financial hardship in the euro area countries. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 19. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0294886

Abstract

"The article examines financial hardship (FH) that appears as one of the essential socio-economic-financial categories reflecting a financial burden on society and therefore having a significant impact on the social and economic development of the country. The purpose of this article is to propose and approve a methodology for the complex quantitative assessment of financial difficulty, which allows comparing countries one another. The novelty of the conducted research is manifested by the formed financial hardship adequately exposing a system of indicators and suggesting the transformation of incomparable indicators into the comparable ones. The paper proposes a methodology for the integrated assessment of financial hardship based on multi-criteria methods, which contributes to solving the problems of the social sustainability and economic development of the countries employing different research methods. The proposed methodology provides a possibility of moving to a higher level of research comparing the countries as a whole, in line to the current status of FH. The actual benefits of the carried out research arise from the opportunity to envisage targeted measures for increasing social sustainability subject to the specific situation of the financial hardship of the countries thus removing the burdens of further economic development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Johnson, David S., Helen Levy, Jordan Matsudaira, Barbara L. Wolfe & James P. Ziliak (2024): Measuring Poverty: Advances to the Supplemental Poverty Measure. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 711, H. 1, S. 20-37. DOI:10.1177/00027162241288362

Abstract

"Measuring poverty is a complex undertaking. It requires extensive research, expert judgment of how to define resources and needs, and a data infrastructure that enables accurate measurement. In this article, we briefly summarize the evolution of poverty measurement in the U.S. and discuss the recommended changes to the Supplemental Poverty Measure that were recently proposed by an expert panel of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). We emphasize how the costs of medical care, child care, and housing can be better accounted for in the measurement of poverty, and the need to incorporate administrative data records with survey data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kovářová, Eva & Tereza Vašenková (2024): Incidence of Poverty in Working-age Population in EU Countries: A Gender Perspective. In: Prague Economic Papers, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 444-477. DOI:10.18267/j.pep.864

Abstract

"Poverty reduction has long been one of the political priorities of the European Union and its member states. Despite the political declarations and measures applied, poverty is still a phenomenon that affects the everyday lives of about 70 million Europeans. Moreover, trends in poverty incidence show how poverty risks are sensitive to overall socio-economic development and how they are more actual for some vulnerable population groups. Following the popular concept of poverty feminization, the analysis presented in the paper aims to identify gender perspective relationship between the poverty incidence and characteristics describing the situation on the labor market or the levels of attained education in EU-27 countries. Attention is paid to poverty incidence among women and men of working age (population aged from 25 to 54 years) and differences are examined in the relationship to the position of both genders on the labor market. Presented findings, based mainly on the results obtained from the panel regression analysis performed for the period 2007–2020, suggest that policymakers should integrate a gender perspective into all policies focused on poverty reduction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Martí, Mónica & Carmen Ródenas (2024): Poor and satisfied? A review of the monetary poverty indicator in the EU. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 100-128. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2023d000000003

Abstract

"This article seeks to contribute to the generation of more accurate poverty indicators in the EU, by providing some further evidence of potential bias when joint income-wealth perspective on poverty measurement is not considered. Using the 2018 EU-SILC, we compare the individuals ’ financial satisfaction and his/her household classification as at risk of poverty (AROP). We detect a significant group of people whose households are classified as poor but who are satisfied with their economic situation. The explanations for this mismatch lie both in errors in the income estimation and in the presence of household wealth. Through an exploratory analysis with certain limitations, we find that those in this group have different characteristics from the rest of the poor and are more similar to those who are neither poor nor dissatisfied when we analyse economic stress and proxy wealth variables. The article supports the recommendation to revise the AROP indicator based on the joint income-wealth distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))

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Niehues, Judith & Maximilian Stockhausen (2024): Armuts(risiko)grenzen – eine kritische Auseinandersetzung. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 12, S. 883-896. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1451904

Abstract

"Dieser Beitrag diskutiert einen von Becker et al. (2022) und Becker (2024) entwickelten Ansatz zur empirischen Herleitung von Armutsgrenzen, der auf einem multidimensionalen Ressourcenansatz basiert und neben einer integrativen Betrachtung von Einkommen und Vermögen auch das Konsum- und Sparverhalten der Haushalte berücksichtigt. Neben einer kritischen Einordnung der theoretischen Fundierung des Konzepts wird aufgezeigt, dass auch der vorgeschlagene Ansatz mit (normativen) Setzungen verbunden ist und wesentliche Kritikpunkte gegenüber der relativen Einkommensarmutsmessung ebenfalls bei dieser Methode bestehen bleiben. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine kritische Einordnung der (alleinigen) Nutzung der Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe (EVS) zur Ableitung von Armuts(risiko)grenzen und zur Identifikation von Armutsrisikogruppen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Saunders, Peter & Melissa Wong (2024): Making ends meet: revisiting the consensual income approach to measuring poverty. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 129-146. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2023d000000010

Abstract

"Conventional (income-based) poverty measures have been criticised for being narrowly focused and failing to provide evidence that those identified as poor have an unacceptable standard of living. The consensual approach to deprivation addresses both weaknesses by drawing on community perceptions of what items are essential for all and establishing that those who do not have them cannot afford them. In contrast, the consensual income approach maintains the role of income as a key determinant of poverty but uses community perceptions of how much is needed to make ends meet to set a poverty line. Although perceptions vary widely, it is possible to estimate the income level at which people with that income would say that their current income is just enough to make ends meet. This article re-examines this approach drawing on recent developments in poverty research and using new data for Australia. The consensual poverty lines produced are shown to have similarities with those used in existing poverty studies, but also to exhibit important differences. An overlap measure is developed that includes those in consensual poverty who also indicate that their current income is not enough for them to make ends meet. The poverty rates produced by this overlap measure is shown to align with those based on the 50 per cent of median-income OECD equivalised poverty line used in most Australian studies. It is argued that the consensual income approach has the potential to advance our understanding of poverty beyond that provided by conventional income-based measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))

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Shelef, Amit & Edna Schechtman (2024): On goodness of fit measures for Gini regression. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 44, H. 1.

Abstract

"The semi parametric Gini regression is more robust than ordinary least squares (OLS) regression when the underlying assumptions of the OLS fail and therefore has been used by many researchers. Several measures for goodness of fit of Gini regression were suggested in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, these were not compared. We examine the effect of one outlier on several goodness of fit measures in the case of a simple linear regression model via simulation. We base our comparison on the sensitivity curve. As expected, all measures under study are less sensitive to the outlier as the sample size increases. Results indicate that the least sensitive measure to an outlier is Gini correlation between the predictor Y_hat, based on Gini regression, and the observed value Y." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Sowula, Jakub, Franziska Gehrig, Lyle A. Scruggs, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser & Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya (2024): The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 5, S. 785-799. DOI:10.1111/spol.12990

Abstract

"This article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a multidimensional approach, we examine the long‐term welfare state trajectories of Sweden and Germany, prototypical social‐democratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output (generosity) allowed us to identify significant changes in the Swedish welfare state (i.e., retrenchment). The outcome dimension alerts us to a policy drift in the German Welfare State, as relatively stable public spending and welfare generosity until the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our findings suggest that a holistic, multidimensional approach is necessary to fully understand the complexities of welfare state change and continuity, as focusing solely on one dimension can lead to analytical misjudgments. The sharp rise in inequality and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated assumptions of normality that fail to meet the welfare state realities of today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Urban, Ivica, Slavko Bezeredi & Chrysa Leventi (2024): Decompositions of Inequality and Poverty by Income Source. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 1017-1027. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2024-0004

Abstract

"There is ample empirical literature on the contributions of different income sources to total income inequality. In contrast, studies estimating the contributions of income sources to income poverty are scarce. This paper presents a new decomposition of the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke poverty index, based on a marginal approach previously employed to decompose income inequality. We apply these marginal decompositions to data for 15 EU countries and classify six income sources according to their impact on inequality and poverty. Our results indicate that there are significant differences in the contributions of income sources to poverty compared to their respective contributions to inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))

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Villar, Antonio (2024): A note on the measurement of poverty persistence. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 236. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111571

Abstract

"This paper introduces a poverty index that incorporates poverty persistence as an integral part of poverty measurement within a multiperiod framework. Using familiar tools (logarithmic utilities and a utilitarian social welfare function) we obtain a mathematically straightforward poverty index, which can be interpreted as an estimate of the social cost of poverty. This index can be neatly decomposed into incidence, intensity, and inequality, and is additively decomposable by population subgroups. It consists of the log of the geometric mean of individual intertemporal utility losses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Vinck, Julie (2024): Exploring the disability–poverty nexus in children: a cross-national comparative analysis in Europe. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 65-99. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2023d000000006

Abstract

"By ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, states committed themselves to ensure an adequate standard of living and social protection to all persons with disabilities, including children. Yet, prior studies showed that children with disabilities are more likely to grow up poor. Existing research has mainly focused on single-country case studies or comparative analyses for low- and middle-income countries. Due to the lack of good quality data, comparative studies on poverty outcomes, its determinants and the poverty-reducing role of social transfers among children with disabilities in high-income countries are largely missing. This article addresses these gaps using the 2017 EU-SILC cross-sectional survey. The results show great differences across Europe in the prevalence of childhood disability, the poverty outcomes of children with disabilities and the poverty-reducing effectiveness of social transfers for them. In only a third of European countries are children with disabilities more likely to live in poor households than children without disabilities. Countries that perform weakly for children without disabilities also perform weakly for children with disabilities. Moreover, social transfers achieve more for children with disabilities in more than half of European countries. The family’s employment participation and social background have the expected poverty-reducing effects for children with disabilities and children without disabilities, though the strength of some effects differs between the two groups within certain geographical regions. However, the income-based poverty indicator disregards the higher costs families with children with disabilities face which underestimates their poverty risk. More research is needed on which poverty indicator accurately reflects the real living standards of children with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))

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Badelt, Christoph & Karin Heitzmann (2023): Armutsmessung in Zeiten von Vielfachkrisen. In: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 17-48.

Abstract

"In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, dass die traditionellen Armutsmaße nicht geeignet sind, ein adäquates Bild der sozialen Probleme zu zeichnen, die durch die jüngsten Krisen, vor allem durch die Inflation, verstärkt wurden. Vielmehr müsste ein breiteres Indikatorsystem zur Armutsmessung verwendet werden. Da dieses in der Praxis nur auf Stichprobenbasis dargestellt werden kann, steht die Sozialpolitik vor dem Dilemma, dass ein geeignetes Armutsmaß nicht gleichzeitig als Kriterium für automationsunterstützte Entscheidungen über die Förderung bestimmter Einzelpersonen dienen kann. Genau dies wäre allerdings für eine Sozialpolitik, die Unterstützungen zielgerichtet an Armutsbetroffene richten möchte, notwendig. Auch könnte Treffsicherheit nur in Einzelfallentscheidungen erzielt werden, wie sie in der Sozialarbeit (z. B. im Sozialhilfewesen) gefällt werden. Da es aber aus vielfältigen Gründen problematisch wäre, Sozialpolitik stärker in die Sozialarbeit zu ver-schieben, wird es wichtiger, durch eine präventive Sozialpolitik die Zahl jener Menschen, deren Grundbedarfe durch konventionelle Maßnahmen der (Sozial-)Politik nicht gesichert werden können, möglichst klein zu halten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Clark, Rob (2023): Within, Between, and Beyond: A New Approach to Examining World Income Inequality. In: Social forces, Jg. 102, H. 2, S. 403-429. DOI:10.1093/sf/soad051

Abstract

"World income inequality is comprised of uneven development between states and unequal distribution within states. Recent work shows that the “between-country” component still accounts for a majority of the total, but that attention is shifting to the “within-country” portion, which is growing in both absolute and relative terms. What is less appreciated, though, is that the way income is distributed within countries also plays an indirect role in how income differences are recognized between them. When a nation’s income distribution is highly unequal, its mean income is substantially larger than the income of its average person, thereby masking a depreciation in living standards for those residing in the middle. The practical effect of this distortion is that poor, unequal countries seem wealthier than they really are when using mean incomes to represent country averages, as is typically done. I address this shortcoming in prior work by estimating between-country inequality using median incomes. My analysis covers the 1990–2017 period for 123 countries that represent over 90 percent of the world’s population. According to Theil’s T, I find that (a) inequality in median incomes is almost 15 percent higher than inequality in mean incomes, and that (b) median incomes are converging about 7.5 percent more slowly than mean incomes. This translates to a higher level of world income inequality, which is likewise converging at a slower rate. Overall, I find that the direct and indirect effects of national inequality are now responsible for about half of the world’s income inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Helbig, Marcel (2023): Hinter den Fassaden: Zur Ungleichverteilung von Armut, Reichtum, Bildung und Ethnie in den deutschen Städten. (WZB discussion paper P / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsgruppe der Präsidentin P 2023-003), Berlin, 210 S.

Abstract

"Wie ungleich sind Deutschlands Städte? Wo leben die Armen, wo die Wohlhabenden und wo die Akademiker? Diese Fragen beantwortet die vorliegende Studie sowohl im Querschnitt für die 153 größten deutschen Städte als auch in der zeitlichen Entwicklung. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Studien kann hier nicht nur auf Daten der Kommunalstatistik (101 Städte), sondern erstmals auch auf räumlich vergleichbare Daten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) für ganz Deutschland zurückgegriffen werden. Mit den Daten der BA ist es zudem erstmals möglich, soziale Ungleichheiten in deutschen Städten nicht nur anhand von Armutslagen (SGB II-Statistik), sondern auch anhand der Verteilung von hoher Bildung und hohen Einkommen zu analysieren. Die Daten der Kommunalstatistik liegen für die Jahre 2005 bis 2021 vor, die Daten der BA für die Jahre 2013 bis 2022." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Siddique, Abu Bakkar (2023): Job market polarization and American poverty. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00356-5

Abstract

"The article posits that the puzzles of stagnating poverty rates amidst high growth and declining unemployment in the United States can be substantially explained by polarized job markets characterized by job quality and job distribution. In recent decades, there has been an increased number of poor-quality jobs and an unequal distribution of jobs in the developed world, particularly in the United States. I have calculated measures of uneven job distribution indices that account for the distribution of jobs across households. A higher value of the uneven job distribution indices implies that there are relatively large numbers of households with multiple employed people and households with no employed people. Similarly, poor-quality jobs are those jobs that do not offer full-time work. Two-way fixed-effect models estimate that higher uneven job distribution across households worsens aggregated poverty at the state level. Similarly, good-quality jobs help households escape poverty, whereas poor-quality jobs do not. This paper suggests that eradicating poverty requires the government to direct labor market policies to be tailored more toward distributing jobs from individuals to households and altering bad jobs into good jobs, rather than merely creating more jobs in the economy. This paper contributes by elaborating on relations of employment and poverty, addressing employment quality and distribution, and providing empirical evidence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Becker, Irene, Tanja Schmidt & Verena Tobsch (2022): Wohlstand, Armut und Reichtum neu ermittelt. Materielle Teilhabe aus mehrdimensionaler Perspektive : Bericht zum ersten Modul des Projekts "Materielle Teilhabe im Lebensverlauf". (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Study 472), Düsseldorf, 120 S.

Abstract

"Die vorliegende Arbeit entwickelt die Messung von Wohlstandsverteilungen in zweifacher Hinsicht weiter: Einkommen und Vermögen werden integrativ betrachtet; zudem wird mit der zusätzlichen Einbeziehung von Konsum und Sparen ein fundiertes Schichtungskonzept materieller Teilhabe für Deutschland entwickelt. Die Analysen führen zu einer mäßigen Modifizierung der gängigen Armuts- und Reichtumsgrenze. Seit 2000 hat die auf dieser Basis ermittelte Armutsquote deutlich zugenommen, wobei sich drastische Unterschiede nach Teilgruppen der Bevölkerung zeigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Dauderstädt, Michael (2022): Coronabedingte Ungleichheit und Armut in Deutschland: Überschätzt oder unterschätzt? In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 102, H. 1, S. 64-66. DOI:10.1007/s10273-022-3096-5

Abstract

"Anfang November 2021 veröffentlichten sowohl das europäische statistische Amt Eurostat als auch das deutsche Destatis die Ergebnisse der Haushaltsbefragung 2020 zu Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen (EU-SILC: Survey of Income and Living Conditions). Die Ergebnisse für Deutschland waren auf den ersten Blick schockierend: Die Ungleichheit, gemessen mit der Quintilsquote (S80/ S20-Quote), also das Verhältnis des Einkommens des reichsten Fünftels der Bevölkerung zu dem des ärmsten Fünftels, stieg von 4,89 auf 6,47. Die Armutsrisikoquote, die den Anteil der Bevölkerung mit einem Einkommen von weniger als 60 % des mittleren Einkommens angibt, kletterte von 17,4 % auf 24,0 %. Das wären über 5 Mio. zusätzlich von Armut(srisiken) betroffene Menschen in Deutschland. Tatsächlich dürfte die Entwicklung weit weniger dramatisch sein; denn Destatis hat 2020 sein Erhebungsverfahren verändert, weswegen die Werte für 2020 mit den Vorjahren nicht vergleichbar sind. Das lässt aber die Fragen offen, wie sich die Einkommensverteilung in Deutschland tatsächlich verändert hat und ob das alte oder das neue Erhebungsverfahren ein realistischeres Bild der deutschen Verhältnisse liefert. Wenden wir uns zuerst der Veränderung in der Pandemie zu." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

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Fusco, Alessio & Philippe Van Kerm (2022): Measuring Poverty Persistence. (LISER working papers 2022,02), Esch-sur-Alzette, 14 S.

Abstract

"This chapter reviews the literature on the measurement of poverty persistence. The review has two parts. We first cover the literature on poverty persistence indicators which develops “principled”, descriptive summary measures. We then review the econometric literature which teases out the determinants of poverty persistence. Finally, we describe the challenges and limitations the literature on poverty persistence face." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Goedemé, Tim, Benoit Decerf & Karel van den Bosch (2022): A new poverty indicator for Europe: The extended headcount ratio. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 287-301. DOI:10.1177/09589287221080414

Abstract

"The methodology currently used to measure poverty in the European Union faces some important limitations. Capturing key aspects of poverty is done using a dashboard of indicators, which often tell conflicting stories. We propose a new income-based measure of poverty for Europe that captures in a consistent way in a single indicator the level of relative poverty, the intensity of poverty, poverty with a threshold anchored in time and a pan-European perspective on poverty. To do so, we work with a recently developed poverty index, the extended headcount ratio (EHC) and derive the relevant poverty lines to apply the index to poverty in Europe. We show empirically that our measure consistently captures the aspects typically monitored using a variety of indicators and yields rankings that seem more aligned with intuitions than those obtained by these individual indicators. According to our measure, Eastern Europe has a much higher level of poverty than Southern Europe, which, in turn, has a considerably higher level of poverty than North-Western Europe. In North-Western Europe, the evolution of our measure over time correlates most strongly with the at-risk-of-poverty rate, while in Southern and Eastern Europe, it correlates most strongly with at-risk-of-poverty with the threshold anchored in time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grothe, Oliver, Fabian Kächele & Friedrich Schmid (2022): A multivariate extension of the Lorenz curve based on copulas and a related multivariate Gini coefficient. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 727-748. DOI:10.1007/s10888-022-09533-x

Abstract

"We propose an extension of the univariate Lorenz curve and of the Gini coefficient to the multivariate case, i.e., to simultaneously measure inequality in more than one variable. Our extensions are based on copulas and measure inequality stemming from inequality in each single variable as well as inequality stemming from the dependence structure of the variables. We derive simple nonparametric estimators for both instruments and exemplary apply them to data of individual income and wealth for various countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Guvenen, Fatih, Luigi Pistaferri & Giovanni L. Violante (2022): Global Trends in Income Inequality and Income Dynamics. New Insights from GRID. In: Quantitative Economics, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 1321-1360. DOI:10.3982/QE2260

Abstract

"The Global Repository of Income Dynamics (GRID) is a new open-access, cross- country database that contains a wide range of micro statistics on income inequality, dynamics, and mobility. It has four key characteristics: it is built on micro panel data drawn from administrative records; it fully exploits the longitudinal dimension of the underlying datasets; it offers granular descriptions of income inequality and income dynamics for finely defined subpopulations; and it is designed from the ground up with the goals of harmonization and cross-country comparability. This paper introduces the database and presents a set of global trends in income inequality and income dynamics across the 13 countries that are currently in GRID. Our results are based on the statistics created for GRID by the 13 country teams who also contributed to this special issue with individual articles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Koulovatianos, Christos & Carsten Schröder (2022): Income-Dependent Equivalence Scales and Choice Theory: Implications for Poverty Measurement. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1991), Berlin, 14 S.

Abstract

"Equivalence Scales are a tool for removing the heterogeneity of household sizes in the measurement of inequality, and affect poverty assessments and poverty lines. We address the disadvantage that poor households may suffer due to their reduced ability to share goods within the household. This disadvantage is important to estimate and embed in standard analysis, as it seems to have a substantial quantitative impact on the measurement of poverty. We also suggest that future research on the role of subsistence incomes of different household types in utility functions may shed light on explanations for poverty and may guide anti-poverty policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lakner, Christoph, Daniel Gerszon Mahler, Mario Negre & Espen Beer Prydz (2022): How much does reducing inequality matter for global poverty? In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 559-585. DOI:10.1007/s10888-021-09510-w

Abstract

"The goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and working towards a more equal distribution of incomes are part of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Using data from 166 countries comprising 97.5% of the world's population, we simulate scenarios for global poverty from 2019 to 2030 under various assumptions about growth and inequality. We use different assumptions about growth incidence curves to model changes in inequality, and rely on a machine-learning algorithm called model-based recursive partitioning to model how growth in GDP is passed through to growth as observed in household surveys. When holding within-country inequality unchanged and letting GDP per capita grow according to World Bank forecasts and historically observed growth rates, our simulations suggest that the number of extreme poor (living on less than $1.90/day) will remain above 600 million in 2030, resulting in a global extreme poverty rate of 7.4%. If the Gini index in each country decreases by 1% per year, the global poverty rate could reduce to around 6.3% in 2030, equivalent to 89 million fewer people living in extreme poverty. Reducing each country's Gini index by 1% per year has a larger impact on global poverty than increasing each country's annual growth 1 percentage point above forecasts. We also study the impact of COVID-19 on poverty and find that the pandemic may have driven around 60 million people into extreme poverty in 2020. If the pandemic increased the Gini index by 2% in all countries, then more than 90 million may have been driven into extreme poverty in 2020." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Lee, Nayoung (2022): Measurement error and its impact on estimates of income dynamics. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 63, H. 5, S. 2539-2550. DOI:10.1007/s00181-022-02218-4

Abstract

"This paper examines whether reported income generates biases for studies on economic mobility and poverty dynamics. Using a linear measurement error model capturing mean-reverting measurement error, this study finds that substantial classical measurement error exists in reported data, leading to a bias toward zero in the estimate of income dynamics. Time-invariant non-classical measurement error and unobserved heterogeneity offset the effect of classical measurement error. This study also identifies the standard deviation of the measurement error, which is estimated to be about 70% of that of the equation error in the income model, suggesting that random measurement error is substantial." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Meriküll, Jaanika & Tairi Rõõm (2022): Are survey data underestimating the inequality of wealth? In: Empirical economics, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 339-374. DOI:10.1007/s00181-021-02030-6

Abstract

"This paper studies households' response behaviour in a wealth survey. We analyse how unit non-response and item non-response contribute to the estimated distribution of wealth. Our findings imply that wealth inequality is underestimated in the survey. The downward bias is originating from item non-response and not from unit non-response. Wealthier households are less likely to provide answers to wealth-related questions. As a result, the level of net wealth is underestimated and the top tail of its distribution is missing. Imputation can eliminate biases throughout most of the wealth distribution but does not recover the estimates in the top tail." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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de Mesnard, Louis (2022): About some difficulties with the functional forms of Lorenz curves. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 20, H. 4, S. 939-950. DOI:10.1007/s10888-022-09542-w

Abstract

"We study to what extent some functional form assumption on the Lorenz curve are amenable to calculating headcount poverty, or poverty threshold, the key concept to determine a poverty index. The difficulties in calculating it have been underestimated. We must choose some functional forms for the Lorenz concentration curve. We examine three families of one-parameter functional forms to estimate Lorenz curves: power (elementary and Pareto), exponential (elementary and Gupta) and fractional (Rohde). Computing these numerical functions may be difficult and impose some restrictions on their domain of definition, may impose to use some numerical approximation methods. The elementary power and exponential forms are not a problem. However, Pareto raises the problem of a restricted domain of definition for its parameters. The exponential form of Gupta leads to a Lambert function that poses multiple problems, including a restricted field of definition. The fractional form of Rohde has also a restricted domain of definition. It is probably time to choose functional forms not only according to their ability to fit the data, but also according to their ability to calculate poverty indices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Beste, Jonas & Mark Trappmann (2021): Die materielle Versorgung von Hartz-IV-Haushalten hat sich in den letzten Jahren etwas verbessert, deren relative Einkommenssituation nicht. In: IAB-Forum H. 17.02.2021 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2021-02-15.

Abstract

"Während die relative Armut in Deutschland in den 2010er Jahren zunächst zunahm und dann auf hohem Niveau stagnierte, nahm die materielle Unterversorgung in der gleichen Zeit deutlich ab. Letztere kann als Maß für absolute Armut betrachtet werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Dudel, Christian, Jan Marvin Garbuszus & Julian Schmied (2021): Assessing differences in household needs. A comparison of approaches for the estimation of equivalence scales using German expenditure data. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 1629-1659. DOI:10.1007/s00181-020-01822-6

Abstract

"Equivalence scales are routinely applied to adjust the income of households of different sizes and compositions. Because of their practical importance for the measurement of inequality and poverty, a large number of methods for the estimation of equivalence scales have been proposed. Until now, however, no comprehensive comparison of current methods has been conducted. In this paper, we employ German household expenditure data to estimate equivalence scales using several parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric approaches. Using a single dataset, we find that some approaches yield more plausible results than others while implausible scales are mostly based on linear Engel curves. The results we consider plausible are close to the modified OECD scale, and to the square root scale for larger households." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Gartner, Hermann (2021): Amartya Sen und die Idee der Gerechtigkeit. In: F. Schulze (Hrsg.) (2021): Humanistik und Philosophie, Bd. 2. Jahresband der Humanistischen Akademie 2021, S. 1-8.

Abstract

"Der Aufsatz stellt die Grundideen des Wirtschaftsnobelpreisträgers Amartya Sen zu Fragen der Gerechtigkeit dar. Dabei wird auch der Kontext zu anderen Gerechtigkeitstheorien hergestellt, wie dem Utilitarismus oder den Vorstellungen von John Rawls. Im Zentrum von Amartya Sens Vorstellungen zu Gerechtigkeit steht der Befähigungsansatz. Befähigungen umfassen dabei substantielle Freiheiten, das Leben so zu führen, wie wir es mit guten Gründen wollen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kuypers, Sarah & Ive Marx (2021): Poverty in the EU using augmented measures of financial resources: The role of assets and debt. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 31, H. 5, S. 496-516. DOI:10.1177/09589287211040421

Abstract

"Despite clear limitations, poverty research in the rich world overwhelmingly relies on income-based measures. Households may have significant savings and assets that they can draw on to boost their living standards, but may also have debts that depress the living standard they can actually achieve with their disposable income. Using data from the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), this article offers a picture of poverty in 17 EU countries that takes into account assets and debt, using various approaches. While earlier studies have found that poverty rates tend to be lower when wealth is accounted for, this study highlights the situation of those who become or remain poor even when savings and assets are included. It focuses both on within-country patterns of joint income–wealth poverty and on cross-country differences. It is shown that the elderly are generally less prone to being poor once assets are accounted for. However, for renter households with a young, female, low educated, unemployed or inactive and single head, the risk of being poor when assets and debt are accounted for remains high and in some cases even increases. That is generally the case because they have few assets, rather than because of high debts. The substantial variation in poverty rates observed across countries can to some extent be accounted for by socio-demographic factors, but a lot of variation still remains unaccounted for." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Moretti, Angelo, Natalie Shlomo & Joseph Sakshaug (2021): Small area estimation of latent economic well-being. In: Sociological methods & research, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 1660-1693., 2018-09-17. DOI:10.1177/0049124119826160

Abstract

"Small area estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in the social sciences due to the growing need for reliable and accurate estimates for small domains. In the study of well-being, for example, policy makers need detailed information about the geographical distribution of a range of social indicators. We investigate data dimensionality reduction using factor analysis models and implement SAE on the factor scores under the empirical best linear unbiased prediction approach. We contrast this approach with the standard approach of providing a dashboard of indicators or a weighted average of indicators at the local level. We demonstrate the approach in a simulation study and a real data application based on the European Union Statistics for Income and Living Conditions for the municipalities of Tuscany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bedük, Selçuk (2020): Missing Dimensions of Poverty? Calibrating Deprivation Scales Using Perceived Financial Situation. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 562-579. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaa004

Abstract

"Deprivation scales usually cover some but not all aspects of poverty. Missing dimensions could affect who is and is not identified as poor. Despite its importance, whether missing dimensions affect the measurement of poverty has not been empirically examined in the EU context. Such an examination requires data on missing dimensions that existing surveys do not usually collect. In this article, I get around this problem with an innovative design and using the rich content of the British Household Panel Survey (1999–2008). I use perceived financial inadequacy as a proxy for poverty and show that, independent of the deprivation status, having a need in healthcare, childcare, social care, or education increases the risk of reporting financial inadequacy. The main explanations for these effects are extra spending and reduced earnings of the families (as a response to having extra needs), and not other biases that might arise from using a self-assessed proxy measure such as scale heterogeneity, personality traits, state dependence, anticipations, or psychological negativity. These findings demonstrate the need for more comprehensive measures. Unless relevant indicators of missing dimensions (e.g. cost-related unmet needs in healthcare) are included in the analysis, deprivation scales might fail to identify some people experiencing poverty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Butterwegge, Christoph (2020): Die zerrissene Republik: wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Ungleichheit in Deutschland. Weinheim: Beltz Juventa, 414 S.

Abstract

"Seit geraumer Zeit ist das Problem wachsender Ungleichheit das Kardinalproblem unserer Gesellschaft, wenn nicht der gesamten Menschheit. Während daraus im globalen Maßstab ökonomische Krisen, Kriege und Bürgerkriege resultieren, die wiederum größere Migrationsbewegungen nach sich ziehen, sind in Deutschland der soziale Zusammenhalt und die repräsentative Demokratie bedroht. Daher wird nicht bloß thematisiert, wie soziale Ungleichheit entsteht und warum sie zugenommen hat, sondern auch, weshalb die politisch Verantwortlichen darauf kaum reagieren und was getan werden muss, um sie einzudämmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Beltz Juventa)

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Eren, Gürer & Alfons Weichenrieder (2020): Pro-rich inflation in Europe: Implications for the measurement of inequality. In: German Economic Review, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 107-138. DOI:10.1515/ger-2018-0146

Abstract

"This paper studies the distributional consequences of a systematic variation in expenditure shares and prices. Using European Union Household Budget Surveys and Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices data, we construct household-specific price indices and reveal the existence of a pro-rich inflation in Europe. Over the period 2001–15, the consumption bundles of the poorest deciles in 25 European countries have, on average, become 11.2 percentage points more expensive than those of the richest deciles. We find that ignoring the differential inflation across the distribution underestimates the change in the Gini (based on consumption expenditure) by almost up to 0.04 points. Cross-country heterogeneity in this change is large enough to alter the inequality ranking of numerous countries. The average inflation effect we detect is almost as large as the change in the standard Gini measure over the period of interest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with De Gruyter) ((en))

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Kyzyma, Iryna (2020): How Poor Are the Poor? Looking beyond the Binary Measure of Income Poverty. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 525-549. DOI:10.1007/s10888-020-09453-8

Abstract

"This paper contributes to the literature by analysing how poor the income poor are in European countries. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, I go beyond average estimates of the intensity of poverty and analyse the distribution of individual-level poverty gaps in each country of interest. As a next step, I identify which personal and household characteristics predict how far away incomes of the poor fall from the poverty line. The results indicate that, in most European countries, half of the poor have income shortfalls not exceeding 30% of the poverty line whereas only a few percent of the poor have income deficits of 80% and more. The results also suggest that traditional poverty correlates (e.g. age, gender, educational background) are not always significantly associated with the size of normalised poverty gaps at the individual level, or the nature of these associations differs as compared to when the same characteristics are linked to the probability of being poor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Moretti, Angelo, Natalie Shlomo & Joseph Sakshaug (2020): Multivariate small area estimation of multidimensional latent economic wellbeing indicators. In: International statistical review, Jg. 88, H. 1, S. 1-28., 2019-04-25. DOI:10.1111/insr.12333

Abstract

"Factor analysis models are used in data dimensionality reduction problems where the variability among observed variables can be described through a smaller number of unobserved latent variables. This approach is often used to estimate the multidimensionality of wellbeing. We employ factor analysis models and use multivariate EBLUP (MEBLUP) under a unit-level small area estimation approach to predict a vector of means of factor scores representing wellbeing for small areas. We compare this approach to the standard approach whereby we use SAE (univariate and multivariate) to estimate a dashboard of EBLUPs of the means of the original variables and then averaged. Our simulation study shows that the use of factor scores provides estimates with lower variability than weighted and simple averages of standardised MEBLUPs and univariate EBLUPs. Moreover, we find that when the correlation in the observed data is taken into account before small area estimates are computed, multivariate modelling does not provide large improvements in the precision of the estimates over the univariate modelling. We close with an application using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Niehues, Judith, Maximilian Stockhausen, Andreas Peichl, Charlotte Bartels, Mario Bossler, Bernd Fitzenberger, Arnim Seidlitz, Moritz Kuhn, Till Baldenius, Sebastian Kohl, Moritz Schularick & Rolf Kleimann (2020): Ungleichheit unter der Lupe - neue politische Antworten auf ein bekanntes Thema. Zur Diskussion gestellt. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 73, H. 2, S. 3-26., 2020-01-27.

Abstract

"Die öffentliche Debatte lässt uns glauben, die Ungleichheit der Einkommen und des Vermögens in Deutschland und in Europa habe in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Daraus wird die Forderung abgeleitet, man müsse politisch umverteilen, damit die Schere zwischen arm und reich nicht weiter auseinandergeht. Aber sind die Daten wirklich so eindeutig? Unterschiedliche Datensätze führen oft zu unterschiedlichen Aussagen über das Ausmaß von Ungleichheit. Deshalb stellt sich einmal mehr die Frage: Wie kann Ungleichheit quantifiziert werden? Ist der Gini-Koeffizient das richtige Maß oder die Armutsrisikoquote? Gibt es ein Problem, weil die Kapitaleinkommen stärker gewachsen sind als die Lohneinkommen? Oder entwickelt sich vor allem die Vermögensverteilung in der Gesellschaft rasant auseinander? Unsere Autoren diskutieren über Antworten auf diese Fragen. Das Dossier enthält folgende Beiträge:
- Judith Niehues und Maximilian Stockhausen, Ungleichheit(en), ein bekanntes Phänomen? - Andreas Peichl, Die Macht der Zahlen: Ein kritischer Blick auf die Quantifizierung von Ungleichheit - Charlotte Bartels: Steigende Polarisierung der Markteinkommen>> - Mario Bossler, Bernd Fitzenberger und Arnim Seidlitz, Neues zur Lohnungleichheit in Deutschland - Moritz Kuhn, Vermögensungleichheit in Deutschland - Till Baldenius, Sebastian Kohl und Moritz Schularick, Die neue Wohnungsfrage. Gewinner und Verlierer des deutschen Immobilienbooms - Rolf Kleimann, Ungleichheit - sehen, was der Fall ist" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Pattaro, Serena, Nick Bailey & Chris Dibben (2020): Using Linked Longitudinal Administrative Data to Identify Social Disadvantage. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 147, H. 3, S. 865-895. DOI:10.1007/s11205-019-02173-1

Abstract

"Administrative data are widely used to construct indicators of social disadvantage, such as Free School Meals eligibility and Indices of Multiple Deprivation, for policy purposes. For research these indicators are often a compromise between accuracy and simplicity, because they rely on cross-sectional data. The growing availability of longitudinal administrative data may aid construction of more accurate indicators for research. To illustrate this potential, we use administrative data on welfare benefits from DWP’s National Benefits Database and annual earnings from employment from HMRC’s P14/P60 data to reconstruct individual labour market histories over a 5-year period. These administrative datasets were linked to survey data from the Poverty and Social Exclusion UK 2012. Results from descriptive and logistic regression analyses show that longitudinal measures correlate highly with survey responses on the same topic and are stronger predictors of poverty risks than measures based on cross-sectional data. These results suggest that longitudinal administrative measures would have potentially wide-ranging applications in policy as well as poverty research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Cremer, Georg (2019): Fallstricke der Armutsdebatte. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 72, H. 10, S. 27-33.

Abstract

"Von den Vorstellungen über Armut hängt ab, wie Maßnahmen zur materiellen Besserstellung armer Personen oder zur Erhöhung ihrer Teilhabechancen bewertet werden. Georg Cremer, ehemaliger Generalsekretär des Deutschen Caritasverbandes e. V., zeigt, dass einige Armutsindikatoren, beispielsweise die Verwendung der Zahl der Grundsicherungsbezieher, problematisch sind. Eine Debatte zu geeigneten Armutsindikatoren ist notwendig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Dang, Hai-Anh, Dean Jolliffe & Calogero Carletto (2019): Data gaps, data incomparability, and data imputation: A review of poverty measurement methods for data-scarce environments. In: Journal of Economic Surveys, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 757-797. DOI:10.1111/joes.12307

Abstract

"Questions that often come up in contexts where household consumption data are unavailable or missing include: what are the best existing methods to obtain poverty estimates at a single snapshot in time? and over time? and what are the best available methods to study poverty dynamics? A variety of different techniques have been developed to tackle these questions, but unfortunately, they are presented in different forms and lack unified terminology. We offer a review of poverty imputation methods that address contexts ranging from completely missing and partially missing consumption data in cross-sectional household surveys, to missing panel household data. We present the various existing methods under a common framework, with pedagogical discussion on their intuition. Empirical illustrations are provided using several rounds of household survey data from Vietnam. Furthermore, we also offer a practical guide with detailed instructions on computer programs that can be used to implement the reviewed techniques." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Dütsch, Matthias, Ralf Himmelreicher & Clemens Ohlert (2019): Calculating gross hourly wages: The (structure of) earnings survey and the German Socio-Economic Panel in comparison. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 239, H. 2, S. 243-276. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2017-0121

Abstract

"The statutory minimum wage in Germany was set as an hourly wage. Thus, valid information on gross hourly wages must be calculated from monthly wages and weekly working hours. This paper compares the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the (Structure of) Earnings Survey (SES/ES). The sampling and collection of data on employees in the household survey GSOEP, and on jobs in the administrative surveys SES/ES exhibit fundamental conceptual differences. Accordingly, there is variation in the definition of types of employment and in the distribution of the observed units regarding central characteristics. Monthly wages, weekly working hours and gross hourly wages differ especially in the lower range of the respective distribution. Against this backdrop specific implications can be derived for minimum wage research." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))

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Furceri, Davide & Jonathan D. Ostry (2019): Robust determinants of income inequality. In: Oxford review of economic policy, Jg. 35, H. Nol. 3, S. 490-517. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grz014

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Furman, Edward, Yisub Kye & Jianxi Su (2019): Computing the Gini index: A note. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 185. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108753

Abstract

The Gini index of inequality has been extensively studied by economists in a variety of contexts with the notions of wealth and income distribution serving as two primary examples. Nevertheless, the Gini index is by far less popular outside of the economics literature, and even in economics it is not uncommon to replace Gini with other measures of inequality. A reason for this lies in the critics associated with the computability of the Gini index. In this note, we reveal convenient ways to compute the Gini index explicitly and in some cases effortlessly. The thrust of our approach is the herein discovered link between the Gini index and the notion of statistical sample size-bias. Not only the just-mentioned link opens up advantageous computational routes for the Gini index, but also yields an alternative interpretation for it.

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Hochgürtel, Tim (2019): Einkommensanalysen mit dem Mikrozensus. In: Wirtschaft und Statistik H. 3, S. 53-64.