Beschäftigungsstabilität – Jobsicherheit trotz zunehmender Flexibilisierung?
Der Zuwachs flexibler Beschäftigungsformen in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat u.a. die Frage nach der Stabilität von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen aufgeworfen. Die durchschnittliche Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit, Daten zur Arbeitskräfte-Fluktuation sowie das Ausmaß befristeter Beschäftigung werden für die Bewertung von Beschäftigungsstabilität herangezogen. Empirische Studien konnten bisher eine Abnahme der Beschäftigungsstabilität im Zeitverlauf nicht bestätigen - allenfalls punktuell und bei bestimmten Qualifikationsstufen.
Diese Infoplattform enthält Literaturhinweise und Volltexte zur theoretischen Einbettung und empirischen Analyse der Stabilität von Beschäftigung.
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding the subjective consequences of early job insecurity in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Buttler, Dominik, Piotr Michon, Sara Ayllón Gatnau & Carolina Zuccotti (2016): Understanding the subjective consequences of early job insecurity in Europe. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.3), Oslo, 37 S.
Abstract
"The transition to adulthood is a process which poses various hardships to young people and in which they need to take significant decisions about their future. When this process coincides with economic and financial crisis, with political and labour market transformation, the situation of the youth is further hampered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The evolution of job stability and wages after the implementation of the Hartz reforms (2016)
Giannelli, Gianna C.; Rothe, Thomas; Jaenichen, Ursula;Zitatform
Giannelli, Gianna C., Ursula Jaenichen & Thomas Rothe (2016): The evolution of job stability and wages after the implementation of the Hartz reforms. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 269-294., 2016-08-05. DOI:10.1007/s12651-016-0209-x
Abstract
"Seit den Hartz-Reformen in den Jahren 2003 bis 2005 gibt es Hinweise auf eine gestiegene Ungleichheit im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Anhand der Indikatoren Stabilität und Entlohnung untersuchen wir die Qualität von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, die im Zeitraum von 1998 bis 2010 begonnen haben. Mit administrativen Daten aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiographien analysieren wir die Verteilungen und modellieren individuelle Determinanten von Beschäftigungsdauern und Löhnen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf ein hohes Maß an Stabilität in den Beschäftigungsdauern, einen Rückgang des Lohnniveaus und einen Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit während und nach der Periode der Hartz-Reformen hin." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Jaenichen, Ursula; -
Literaturhinweis
Dual labor markets at work: the impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability (2016)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Boris (2016): Dual labor markets at work. The impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability. In: ILR review, Jg. 69, H. 5, S. 1191-1215. DOI:10.1177/0019793915625214
Abstract
"Fitting duration models on an inflow sample of jobs in Germany starting in 2002 to 2010, the author investigates the impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability. In line with dual labor market theory, the author finds that nontemporary jobs are significantly more stable when employers use temporary agency workers. The rise in job stability stems mainly from reduced transitions into nonemployment, suggesting that nontemporary workers are safeguarded against involuntary job losses. The findings are robust to controlling for unobserved permanent employer characteristics and changes in the observational window that comprises the labor market disruption of the Great Recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries (2016)
Hora, Ondrej; Sirovátka, Tomá¿; Horáková, Markéta;Zitatform
Hora, Ondrej, Markéta Horáková & Tomá¿ Sirovátka (2016): Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.4), Oslo, 69 S.
Abstract
"In the European labour market, young people have been disproportionally affected by job insecurity indicated by unemployment, inactivity, job precariousness and fragmented careers during and after the economic crisis of 2008. This may be crucial for their ability to maintain a living income and to live a decent life on their present and future life course. The increasing polarisation in the labour market may become a persistent structural feature in the conditions of the changing employment structures and flexibilization of labour. This challenge was recognised at the EU level when Youth Opportunities Initiative (2011), Youth Employment Package (2012) and Youth Guarantee (2013) were launched and underpinned with financing from ESF schemes. The European countries, however, have experienced very different impacts of the crisis on their labour markets (Karamessini et al. 2016). Similarly, the initial responses in active labour market policies (ALMPs) to the crisis also diverged considerably (Clasen et al 2012). The question arises about the longer-term adaptations of labour market policy and other policies to the challenge of increasing early job insecurity and the associated structural changes in the labour market.
The aim of this paper is to assess in nine national contexts how recent reforms in labour market institutions and policies and the skill formation systems may have affected the incidence of early job insecurity and the patterns of labour market entry/integration of young women and men. Job insecurity as understood here includes two dimensions: (a) insecurity of maintaining the current job, (b) insecurity of getting another job in the future, that is, job insecurity and employment insecurity (compare Chung and van Oorschot 2011)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The shifting job tenure distribution (2016)
Hyatt, Henry R.; Spletzer, James R.;Zitatform
Hyatt, Henry R. & James R. Spletzer (2016): The shifting job tenure distribution. (IZA discussion paper 9776), Bonn, 49 S.
Abstract
"There has been a shift in the U.S. job tenure distribution toward longer-duration jobs since 2000. This change is apparent both in the tenure supplements to the Current Population Survey and the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics matched employer-employee data. A substantial portion of these changes are caused by the ageing of the workforce and the decline in the entry rate of new employer businesses. We show that the tenure distribution is a function of historical hiring rates and tenure-specific separation rates, and we use this framework to show that the shift in the tenure distribution is accounted for primarily by declines in the hiring rate, which are concentrated in the labor market downturns associated with the 2001 and 2007-2009 recessions. We also find that the increase in average real earnings since 2007 is less than what would be predicted by the shift toward longer-tenure jobs; this reflects declines in tenure-held-constant real earnings. Regression estimates of the returns to job tenure provide no evidence that the shift in the job tenure distribution is being driven by better matches between workers and employers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of the economic crisis in determining the degree of early job insecurity in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Karamessini, Maria, Maria Symeonaki & Glykeria Stamatopoulou (2016): The role of the economic crisis in determining the degree of early job insecurity in Europe. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.3), Oslo, 76 S.
Abstract
"The present study examines the dynamics of early job insecurity before and during the crisis on the basis of the estimation of transition probabilities between labour market states and part-time/ full-time employment, with raw data drawn from the EU's Labour Force Survey (EULFS) and the EU's Survey on Living and Income Conditions (EU-SILC). Additionally, it serves the purpose of comparing patterns of labour market entry of young individuals during the crisis with those before the crisis, taking also gender into account in order to detect differences, if any, between the probability of a male or female young individual to move from school to employment and its evolution over time. It also considers whether the crisis has generated convergence or divergence in early job insecurity across Europe. Moreover, the evolution of the average age of young people leaving education and the labour fluidity of young individuals are estimated, in order to examine whether they have changed during the years of the crisis and to what extent. A number of different methodological approaches are used and the results uncover the significant differences between countries, when one considers the transition probabilities between labour market states and the school-to-work probabilities and their evolution over time. Differences are also evident in a number of early job insecurity indices and their changes between 2008 and 2015." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Angst der Mittelschicht vor dem sozialen Abstieg: eine Längsschnittanalyse 1984-2014 (2016)
Zitatform
Lengfeld, Holger & Jessica Ordemann (2016): Die Angst der Mittelschicht vor dem sozialen Abstieg. Eine Längsschnittanalyse 1984-2014. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 862), Berlin, 30 S.
Abstract
"Seit Mitte des ersten Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts wird in der Öffentlichkeit über die Krise der Mittelschicht in Deutschland diskutiert. Behauptet wird, dass sich die Mittelschicht zunehmend vor sozialem Abstieg fürchte. Die Prüfung dieser These steht im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes. Dazu werden Befunde aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und der Armutsforschung referiert, denen zufolge Beschäftigungsunsicherheiten, die zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre nur für gering qualifizierte Erwerbspersonen typisch waren, nunmehr auch in Mittelschichtberufe einsickern. Zugleich wird ein Übergreifen von Abstiegsängsten auf Angehörige der Mittelschicht vermutet, die selbst nicht aktuell von Vertragsbefristungen oder unfreiwilligen Erwerbsunterbrechungen betroffen sind ('Spill Over'-Effekt). Mithilfe von SOEP-Daten 1984 bis 2007 werden deskriptive und multivariate Analysen unter Verwendung der empfundenen Sorge vor Arbeitsplatzverlust durchgeführt. Deskriptiv wird gezeigt, dass nur das mittlere Segment der Mittelschicht, die durchschnittlich qualifizierten Angestellten mit Routineaufgaben, einen im Zeitverlauf überproportionalen Anstieg an Abstiegsangst aufweisen. Panel-Regressionen zeigen, dass dieser Anstieg auch dann bestehen bleibt, wenn man u. a. den Erwerbskontext, die Branchenzugehörigkeit, den Haushaltskontext und weitere soziodemografische Merkmale eines Befragten berücksichtigt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre ein zeitlicher Anstieg der Abstiegsangst der mittleren Mitte, der erwerbsstrukturell nicht erklärt werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment?: a cross-national comparison (2016)
Zitatform
Vilhena, Daniela Vono de, Yuliya Kosyakova, Elina Kilpi-Jakonen & Patricia McMullin (2016): Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment? A cross-national comparison. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 97-117., 2014-10-17. DOI:10.1177/0950017014561335
Abstract
"The objective of this article is to analyse the effect of acquiring a new formal qualification as an adult (measured as an upgrade or a side-step) on the likelihood of being in non-precarious employment. Three countries with similar longitudinal datasets are compared: Spain, the UK and Russia. The results indicate that adult education is beneficial in the three countries; with differences, however, depending on the definition of precarious employment used and the (previous) employment status of individuals. The findings suggest that the differences among countries are related to different labour market structures: adult education has a clearer beneficial impact on accessing and remaining in non-precarious employment in more flexible employment systems than in more rigid insider-outsider economies, where labour trajectories are strongly determined by what happens during the first years after school." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of product market competition on job security (2015)
Aparicio-Fenoll, Ainhoa;Zitatform
Aparicio-Fenoll, Ainhoa (2015): The effect of product market competition on job security. In: Labour economics, Jg. 35, H. August, S. 145-159. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.05.007
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of product market competition on job security. I use differences between types of labor contracts to measure job security. The effect of competition on the use of different types of labor contracts is identified by changes in legislation that lead to exogenous shifts in competition. Using both worker data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey and firm data from the Spanish Business Strategies Survey, I show that job security decreases with competition. A one standard deviation increase in competition decreases the probability that a worker switches to a more secure labor contract by at least 22%." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job tenure in turbulent times (2015)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Rahel Felder, Hanna Frings, Matthias Giesecke & Sylvi Rzepka (2015): Job tenure in turbulent times. Dublin, 103 S. DOI:10.2806/420768
Abstract
"This report describes the findings of a study of change in job tenure between 2002 and 2012 in the EU. The study examined change in mean tenure as well as the distribution of short and long tenure in the EU and in individual Member States. It also looked at differences in tenure according to different sociodemographic and job characteristics (gender, age, skill level, permanent and temporary employment, occupation and economic sector), examining in particular how tenure evolved before and during the economic and financial crisis. The link between job tenure and earnings was also investigated. Although the descriptive evidence did not reveal a decline in mean tenure or a decline in the relative importance of long-term employment relationships, analyses controlling for certain sociodemographic and job characteristics provided some evidence of an underlying trend of declining average tenure in EU Member States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
The rise of a latin model?: family and fertility consequences of employment instability in Italy and Spain (2015)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Rossella Bozzon, Stefani Scherer, Raffaele Grotti & Michele Lugo (2015): The rise of a latin model? Family and fertility consequences of employment instability in Italy and Spain. In: European Societies, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 423-446. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2015.1064147
Abstract
"This paper analyses how unstable employment influences becoming a mother in Italy and Spain. Results suggest that institutional factors foster dynamics of social inequality and hinder family formation. We show that in southern Europe (Italy and Spain), but not in other institutional contexts, the lack of employment stability produces a delay in fertility decision. We attribute this impact of the employment situation on demographic decisions to the sub-protective southern European welfare systems and the insider - outsider labor market configuration, as enhanced by the partial and targeted labor market deregulations of recent decades. In the context of low levels of welfare, unstable employment often comes with persistently reduced entitlement to social and welfare rights, and, therefore, with notable social and demographic consequences. We provide support for this institutional argument by showing that fertility decisions are independent of employment stability in other contexts. Analyses are based on longitudinal data using event history analysis and simultaneous equation models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Worried sick? Worker responses to a financial shock (2015)
Bratberg, Espen; Monstad, Karin;Zitatform
Bratberg, Espen & Karin Monstad (2015): Worried sick? Worker responses to a financial shock. In: Labour economics, Jg. 33, H. April, S. 111-120. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.02.003
Abstract
"Excessive sickness absence may hurt productivity and put a strain on public finances. One explanation put forward for increasing absence rates is that a tougher labour market represents a health hazard. A competing hypothesis is that loss of job security works as a disciplinary device. We use a financial shock that hit the public sector in Norway in 2007 in some, but not all, municipalities to identify the effect of reduced job security on sickness absence. Public sector workers in municipalities that were not affected are used as a control group in a difference-in-differences analysis. In addition, trends in sickness absence of public and private sector employees are compared, in a triple difference-in-differences analysis. We find that sickness absence among public employees decreased considerably in the year after the shock in the affected municipalities. The results survive a number of robustness checks. The evidence is strongest for women, and consistent with a hypothesis that reduced job security has a disciplining effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job satisfaction, age and tenure: a generalized dynamic random effects model (2015)
Zitatform
Chaudhuri, Kausik, Kevin T. Reilly & David A. Spencer (2015): Job satisfaction, age and tenure. A generalized dynamic random effects model. In: Economics letters, Jg. 130, H. May, S. 13-16. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.017
Abstract
"This paper examines the effects of age and tenure on job satisfaction. We estimate a generalized dynamic random effects ordered probit model using the British Household Panel Survey. Contrary to previous literature, we find that age has no significant impact on job satisfaction for females, and a limited impact for males who report higher levels of job satisfaction. We also find that tenure shares a non-monotonic relationship with job satisfaction for females. For males, the same result is found only at higher levels of job satisfaction. Our results suggest that age and tenure effects on job satisfaction vary with gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do job control, support, and optimism help job insecure employees?: a three-wave study of buffering effects on job satisfaction, vigor and work-family enrichment (2015)
Cheng, Ting; Mauno, Saija; Lee, Cynthia;Zitatform
Cheng, Ting, Saija Mauno & Cynthia Lee (2015): Do job control, support, and optimism help job insecure employees? A three-wave study of buffering effects on job satisfaction, vigor and work-family enrichment. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 118, H. 3, S. 1269-1291.
Abstract
"Job insecurity (threat of job loss) is widespread and becomes a permanent phenomenon for a lot of employees. Based on the response of 926 Finnish employees, this study investigated the direct lagged relationship between job insecurity, coping resources (job control, social support, and optimism), and employees' work- (vigor at work and job satisfaction) and family-related outcomes (work-family enrichment). Particular interest was in the moderating role of job control, support, and optimism in the job insecurity - employee outcome relationship. Our analyses of three-wave longitudinal data, collected in 2008, 2009, and 2010, showed that job control was the strongest lagged buffer against job insecurity in relation to vigor at work. In addition, social support longitudinally buffered against the negative effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction and vigor at work. However, optimism did not function as a buffering factor in any of the tested models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fertility and economic instability: the role of unemployment and job displacement (2015)
Zitatform
Del Bono, Emilia, Andrea Weber & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2015): Fertility and economic instability: the role of unemployment and job displacement. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 463-478. DOI:10.1007/s00148-014-0531-y
Abstract
"In this paper, we study the separate effects of unemployment and job displacement on fertility in a sample of white collar women in Austria. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show that unemployment incidence as such has no negative effect on fertility decisions, but the very fact of being displaced from a career-oriented job has. Fertility rates for women affected by a firm closure are significantly below those of a control group, even after 6 years, and this is so irrespective of the incidence or the duration of the associated unemployment spell." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and the unemployment rate: micro- and macro-level predictors of perceived job insecurity among Finnish employees 1984 - 2008 (2015)
Ellonen, Noora; Nätti, Jouko;Zitatform
Ellonen, Noora & Jouko Nätti (2015): Job insecurity and the unemployment rate. Micro- and macro-level predictors of perceived job insecurity among Finnish employees 1984 - 2008. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 51-71. DOI:10.1177/0143831X13495720
Abstract
"In this article several micro-level determinants and the unemployment rate as macro-level determinant of perceived job insecurity are studied among Finnish employees from 1984 to 2008. The main questions are: Is the unemployment rate a significant macro-level determinant in different times, what is the most relevant unit for measuring unemployment - region or industry - , and does the effect of the micro- and macro-level determinants vary over time? The findings suggest that industry-related characteristics are more important than regional characteristics in explaining job insecurity. Perceived job insecurity is explained by micro-level determinants as well as unemployment rate as macro-level determinant. The effects, however, vary over time: the meaning of industry-related characteristics decreases and the meaning of individual-level characteristics increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit im Erwerbsverlauf: eine Sequenzmusteranalyse westdeutscher Paneldaten (2015)
Erlinghagen, Marcel; Lübke, Christiane;Zitatform
Erlinghagen, Marcel & Christiane Lübke (2015): Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit im Erwerbsverlauf. Eine Sequenzmusteranalyse westdeutscher Paneldaten. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 44, H. 6, S. 407-425.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, eine Form der subjektiven Erwerbsunsicherheit, nämlich die individuellen Sorgen um den Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes, zu untersuchen. Während es eine Vielzahl von Befunden zur Entwicklung objektiver Erwerbsverläufe gibt, beschränkt sich die bisherige Forschung zur subjektiven Erwerbsunsicherheit weitestgehend auf Querschnittanalysen. Deshalb ist auch kaum etwas darüber bekannt, wie häufig bzw. wie lange sich Arbeitnehmer Sorgen um ihre Beschäftigung machen. Dieser Beitrag möchte helfen, diese Lücke zu schließen, indem mithilfe einer Sequenzmusteranalyse der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) typische Unsicherheitsverläufe identifiziert und beschrieben werden. Dauerhaft große Sorgen, den Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren, erweisen sich als selten, jedoch berichtet fast jeder dritte Beschäftigte von chronischer Unsicherheit. Zudem zeigt sich, dass subjektive Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit nur z. T. mit objektiv prekären Beschäftigungsbedingungen einhergeht." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
Weiterführende Informationen
Online-Anhang -
Literaturhinweis
A steady job?: the UK's record on labour market security and stability since the millennium (2015)
Gregg, Paul; Gardiner, Laura;Zitatform
Gregg, Paul & Laura Gardiner (2015): A steady job? The UK's record on labour market security and stability since the millennium. (Resolution Foundation report), London, 33 S.
Abstract
"- Job stability - as measured by median employment tenure - has risen over the past two decades. This has been driven by more women returning to the same employer after having children, and older people staying in work for longer.
- Job mobility - the rate at which people move between jobs - is falling. This may well signal possible progression and promotion blockages in the labour market, which could hinder the career prospects of young people and risks permanently scarring their earnings.
- The report finds no evidence of rising job insecurity - a broader measure which includes an assessment of contract terms, pay and hours. However, there is evidence that a sizeable minority are facing particularly acute forms of precariousness. Insecurity appears to have deepened rather than broadened.
- Finally, the overall picture on security and stability masks big differences between the genders and generations. For older workers and particularly women the trend has been towards more secure and stable employment; for young people things are moving in the wrong direction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungsstruktur und Zufriedenheit von Zeitarbeitnehmern in Deutschland (2015)
Zitatform
Grund, Christian, Johannes Martin & Axel Minten (2015): Beschäftigungsstruktur und Zufriedenheit von Zeitarbeitnehmern in Deutschland. In: Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 138-169.
Abstract
"Auf Basis von Daten des Deutschen Sozio-Ökonomischen Panels der Jahre 2001 bis 2012 untersuchen wir Determinanten einer Zeitarbeitsbeschäftigung sowie möglicher Erklärungsansätze für Unterschiede in der Arbeits- und Lebenszufriedenheit zwischen Arbeitnehmern in Zeitarbeit im Vergleich zu Normalbeschäftigten und zu arbeitslosen Personen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass frühere Zeiten von Arbeitslosigkeit die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Zeitarbeitsbeschäftigung deutlich steigern. Zudem führen Zeitarbeitnehmer eher Tätigkeiten aus, für die sie nicht passend qualifiziert sind. Die niedrigere Arbeitszufriedenheit von Zeitarbeitern im Vergleich zu Normalbeschäftigten lässt sich vor allem auf Unterschiede in individuellen Merkmalen und auf eine als deutlich stärker empfundene Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit zurückführen, während ihre Lebenszufriedenheit auch unter Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren signifikant geringer ist. Jedoch äußern Zeitarbeitnehmer eine deutlich höhere Lebenszufriedenheit als arbeitslose Personen. Eine explizite Analyse der Übergänge zwischen den Beschäftigungsstatus bestätigt diese Ergebnisse" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring, wages and job security of temporary workers (2015)
Zitatform
Görg, Holger & Dennis Görlich (2015): Offshoring, wages and job security of temporary workers. In: Review of world economics, Jg. 151, H. 3, S. 533-554. DOI:10.1007/s10290-015-0220-2
Abstract
"Temporary contracts have become an important mode of employment in many countries. We investigate the impact of offshoring on individual level wages and unemployment probabilities and pay particular attention to the question if workers with temporary contracts are affected differently than workers with permanent contracts. Data are taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel, linked with industry level data on offshoring. We do not find systematic differences between temporary and permanent workers with respect to the effects of offshoring for wages. We find, however, that offshoring increases the unemployment risk of low-skilled workers, and more so for temporary than permanent workers. Also, offshoring reduces the unemployment risk for all high- and medium-skilled workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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