Beschäftigungsstabilität – Jobsicherheit trotz zunehmender Flexibilisierung?
Der Zuwachs flexibler Beschäftigungsformen in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat u.a. die Frage nach der Stabilität von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen aufgeworfen. Die durchschnittliche Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit, Daten zur Arbeitskräfte-Fluktuation sowie das Ausmaß befristeter Beschäftigung werden für die Bewertung von Beschäftigungsstabilität herangezogen. Empirische Studien konnten bisher eine Abnahme der Beschäftigungsstabilität im Zeitverlauf nicht bestätigen - allenfalls punktuell und bei bestimmten Qualifikationsstufen.
Diese Infoplattform enthält Literaturhinweise und Volltexte zur theoretischen Einbettung und empirischen Analyse der Stabilität von Beschäftigung.
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Literaturhinweis
Employment protection and labour productivity growth in the EU: skill-specific effects during and after the Great Recession (2024)
Zitatform
Fedotenkov, Igor, Virmantas Kvedaras & Miguel Sanchez-Martinez (2024): Employment protection and labour productivity growth in the EU: skill-specific effects during and after the Great Recession. In: Empirica, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 209-262. DOI:10.1007/s10663-023-09585-w
Abstract
"Does employment protection affect sectoral productivity growth differently during crises and recovery periods? This paper sheds light into this question by investigating the relationship between employment protection legislation (EPL hereafter) and sectoral labor productivity growth in the EU in the context of the Great Recession. We consider the crisis and recovery periods, evaluate the relevance of both levels and changes in EPL for productivity growth, and explore the conditioning role played by sectoral differences in terms of cumulativeness of knowledge as well as the skills of the labor force, captured by different levels of education. We find that stricter labor protection reduces labor productivity growth in sectors with a large share of workers with tertiary education, whereas this effect is negligible or positive in sectors where workers with secondary or only primary education are more prevalent (such as agriculture, mining and quarrying). We attribute this to a more intensive labour hoarding in the former, as EPL strengthens labour hoarding in sectors that rely on firm-specific knowledge accumulation and skilled human capital that are difficult to substitute with physical capital. Whereas it is simple to dismiss (and to find later) unskilled employees. They not only can be substituted more easily with capital, but also the costs of their firing are lower, they are overrepresented among workers holding temporary contracts, and they might be unequally informed and able to exercise their rights. This leads to low (if any) labor hoarding and little impact of EPL on labour productivity in such sectors. We also document that the negative effect is prominent only during the crisis, and an increase in the stringency of EPL over an extended period stimulates employers to substitute labour with investments in physical and knowledge capital." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Losers of representation: Gains and losses of globalization as seen by workers in internationalized companies in the Netherlands (2024)
Hurenkamp, Menno; Dekker, Paul; Tonkens, Evelien;Zitatform
Hurenkamp, Menno, Paul Dekker & Evelien Tonkens (2024): Losers of representation: Gains and losses of globalization as seen by workers in internationalized companies in the Netherlands. In: European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology, Jg. 11, H. 2, S. 231-254. DOI:10.1080/23254823.2023.2295038
Abstract
"Dichotomisation between winners and losers is a prominent element of the debate on globalization, with ordinary workers often considered losers. However, little is known about what workers make of globalization, how they experience the phenomenon, and how they talk about it. We use a set of focus groups to explore meaning-making on the globalization of the economy among lower-educated employees of Dutch internationalised firms. We find that they weigh up the pros and cons and proudly struggle with the consequences of globalization. To the degree that they feel left behind, it is by politics and government. This suggests that dislike of globalization is the result of negative experiences with politics, rather than the other way around." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job security, asymmetric information, and wage rigidity (2024)
Zitatform
Snell, Andy, Heiko Stüber & Jonathan P. Thomas (2024): Job security, asymmetric information, and wage rigidity. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 161, 2023-10-23. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104622
Abstract
"We consider a labor market with risk averse workers, directed search and asymmetric information in which firms can commit to wage contracts but not to retain workers. The model predicts that in downturns (i) there is equal treatment of incumbents and new hires, (ii) wages are insensitive to the severity of the downturn, (iii) this leads to an amplified employment effect, and (iv) wages are determined by forecasts of labor market conditions rather than actual values. By contrast in upswings, new-hire wages are more attuned to actual conditions than forecasts, whilst incumbent wages remain relatively rigid. We find that these novel predictions are well supported in German administrative data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation: A Comparison of Norway and Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Berglund, Tomas, Roy A. Nielsen, Olof Reichenberg & Jørgen Svalund (2023): Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation: A Comparison of Norway and Sweden. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 505-524. DOI:10.1177/09500170211031466
Abstract
"This study compares the labour market trajectories of the temporary employed in Norway with those in Sweden. Sweden’s employment protection legislation gap between the strict protection of permanent employment and the loose regulation of temporary employment has widened in recent decades, while Norway has maintained balanced and strict regulation of both employment types. The study asserts that the two countries differ concerning the distribution of trajectories, leading to permanent employment and trajectories that do not create firmer labour market attachment. Using sequence analysis to analyse two-year panels of the labour force survey for 1997–2011, several different trajectories are discerned in the two countries. The bridge trajectories dominate in Norway, while dead-end trajectories are more common in Sweden. Moreover, the bridge trajectories are selected to stronger categories (mid-aged and higher educated) in Sweden than in Norway. The results are discussed from the perspective of labour market dualisation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Workers' tenure and firm productivity: New evidence from matched employer-employee panel data (2023)
Zitatform
Gagliardi, Nicola, Elena Grinza & François Rycx (2023): Workers' tenure and firm productivity: New evidence from matched employer-employee panel data. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 3-33. DOI:10.1111/irel.12309
Abstract
"Using rich longitudinal matched employer-employee data on Belgian firms, we explore the impact of workers’ tenure on firm productivity. To do so, we estimate production functions augmented with firm-level measures of tenure. We deal with the endogeneity of standard inputs and tenure, which arises from unobserved firm heterogeneity and reverse causality, by applying a modified version of Ackerberg et al.’s (2015) control function method, which explicitly removes firm fixed effects. Consistently with recent theoretical predictions, our analyses point to positive, but decreasing, returns to tenure. We also find that the impact differs widely across several firm dimensions. Tenure is particularly beneficial for productivity in contexts characterized by a certain degree of routineness and low job complexity. Along the same lines, our findings indicate that tenure exerts stronger positive impacts in industrial and capital-intensive firms, as well as in firms less reliant on ICT-intensive and knowledge-intensive processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss (2023)
Jarosch, Gregor;Zitatform
Jarosch, Gregor (2023): Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss. In: Econometrica, Jg. 91, H. 3, S. 903-942. DOI:10.3982/ECTA14008
Abstract
"Job loss comes with large present value earnings losses which elude workhorse models of unemployment and labor market policy. I propose a parsimonious model of a frictional labor market in which jobs differ in terms of unemployment risk and workers search off- and on-the-job. This gives rise to a job ladder with slippery bottom rungs where unemployment spells beget unemployment spells. I allow for human capital to respond to time spent out of work and estimate the framework on German Social Security data. The model captures the joint response of wages, employment, and unemployment risk to job loss which I measure empirically. The key driver of the “unemployment scar” is the loss in job security and its interaction with the evolution of human capital and, in particular, the search for better employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Escaping uncertainty through downward mobility? Occupational mobility upon transition to permanent employment in Germany and in Poland (2023)
Zitatform
Kopycka, Katarzyna (2023): Escaping uncertainty through downward mobility? Occupational mobility upon transition to permanent employment in Germany and in Poland. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100768
Abstract
"Extending existing research on transitions from temporary to permanent employment this article investigates the social mobility dimension of these transitions. Specifically, it asks whether certain individuals experience downward occupational mobility while moving from temporary to permanent employment in the two countries under study, Germany and Poland. The empirical analysis of the employment histories of young individuals until age 35 involves event history modelling using Cox proportional hazards methodology and is conducted on data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (G-SOEP) and the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN) for the period 2003–2017/2018. In the study, transitions to permanent employment with and without downward occupational mobility are defined as competing events and modeled separately. The analysis reveals that ten per cent and as much as seventeen per cent of moves to permanent employment in Germany and Poland, respectively, are accompanied by a loss in occupational status. A higher prevalence of downward mobility in Poland may result from a weaker welfare state there which is less decommodifying. Furthermore, a low level of individual economic vulnerability decreases the transition rate to permanent employment involving a drop in occupational status. In Poland, the high socioeconomic position of the family of origin deters from changing to an unlimited contract with downward mobility. In Germany, married or partnered individuals who enjoy a high household income bear a lower risk of transitioning to permanent employment with status loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jobunsicherheit: Frauen fühlen sich durch Befristungen deutlich stärker belastet als Männer (2023)
Zitatform
Teichler, Nils & Brigitte Schels (2023): Jobunsicherheit: Frauen fühlen sich durch Befristungen deutlich stärker belastet als Männer. In: IAB-Forum H. 25.09.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230925.01
Abstract
"Jobunsicherheit und befristete Beschäftigung im Speziellen gehen für Erwerbstätige mit spürbaren Sorgen um den Arbeitsplatz einher und mindern die Lebenszufriedenheit. Allerdings machen sich weibliche Beschäftigte deutlich größere Sorgen um den Arbeitsplatz als männliche, wenn sie befristet beschäftigt sind. Der berufliche Status macht demgegenüber kaum einen Unterschied für die Lebenszufriedenheit, wenn der eigene Arbeitsplatz als unsicher erlebt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
'Stability is a foggy concept': work stability from the perspective of young people with mobility experiences (2023)
Winogrodzka, Dominika;Zitatform
Winogrodzka, Dominika (2023): 'Stability is a foggy concept': work stability from the perspective of young people with mobility experiences. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 24.10.2023, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2023.2271843
Abstract
"Currently, substantial attention is being paid to flexibility in the working life of young people. Stability is a conceptual companion of flexibility; however, its role has been vastly underestimated in the literature on working life. The key aim of this article is to explore the processes of meaning-making concerning work stability among young people with mobility experiences. Focusing on the intersection between career studies, mobility studies, and youth studies, the aim is to answer the following research questions. (1) How do young people with mobility experiences perceive stability in the context of the labour market? (2) What are the roles of spatial mobility and previous work experience in the perception of work stability? Based on qualitative data, the process of defining, redefining, questioning and denying the concept of work stability is discussed, showing that this process is subject to continuous verification and re-evaluation based on previous work experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pennies from Haven: Wages and Profit Shifting (2022)
Alstadsæter, Annette; Davies, Ronald B.; Scheuerer, Johannes; Bjørkheim, Julie Brun;Zitatform
Alstadsæter, Annette, Julie Brun Bjørkheim, Ronald B. Davies & Johannes Scheuerer (2022): Pennies from Haven: Wages and Profit Shifting. (CESifo working paper 9590), München, 42 S.
Abstract
"Increasing attention has been given to the fact that some multinational enterprises shift income to tax haven countries, an activity that generates inequality in corporate taxation. Here, we examine how profit shifting relates to wage inequality. Using rich matched employer-employee data from Norway, we find that profit-shifting firms pay higher wages, particularly among service firms where the wage premium is approximately 2%. Furthermore, this average effect masks significant within-firm heterogeneity with high-skill occupations – and managers in particular – earning higher shifting wage premiums. CEOs particularly gain, with their wages rising nearly 10%. These results thus suggest that profit shifting by multinationals meaningfully contributes to wage inequality, both between and within firms. Finally, our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest these higher wages would generate additional income tax revenues which would offset around 3% of the fall in Norway’s corporate tax revenues due to profit shifting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Concentration, Wages and Job Security in Europe (2022)
Bassanini, Andrea; Bovini, Giulia; Felgueroso, Florentino; Caroli, Eve; Jansen, Marcel; Casanova Ferrando, Jorge; Martins, Pedro S. ; Falco, Paolo; Melo, António; Cingano, Frederico; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Popp, Martin ;Zitatform
Bassanini, Andrea, Giulia Bovini, Eve Caroli, Jorge Casanova Ferrando, Frederico Cingano, Paolo Falco, Florentino Felgueroso, Marcel Jansen, Pedro S. Martins, António Melo, Michael Oberfichtner & Martin Popp (2022): Labour Market Concentration, Wages and Job Security in Europe. (IZA discussion paper 15231), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of labour market concentration on two dimensions of job quality, namely wages and job security. We leverage rich administrative linked employer-employee data from Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain in the 2010s to provide the first comparable cross-country evidence in the literature. Controlling for productivity and local product market concentration, we show that the elasticities of wages with respect to labour market concentration are strikingly similar across countries: increasing labour market concentration by 10% reduces wages by 0.19% in Germany, 0.22% in France, 0.25% in Portugal and 0.29% in Denmark. Regarding job security, we find that an increase in labour market concentration by 10% reduces the probability of being hired on a permanent contract by 0.46% in France, 0.51% in Germany and 2.34% in Portugal. While not affecting this probability in Italy and Spain, labour market concentration significantly reduces the probability of being converted to a permanent contract once hired on a temporary one. Our results suggest that considering only the effect of labour market concentration on wages underestimates its overall impact on job quality and hence the resulting welfare loss for workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: FEDEA Documento de trabajo -
Literaturhinweis
Agency, sentiment, and risk and uncertainty: fears of job loss in 8 European countries (2022)
Zitatform
Clark, Gordon L. (2022): Agency, sentiment, and risk and uncertainty: fears of job loss in 8 European countries. In: ZFW - Advances in Economic Geography, Jg. 66, H. 1, S. 3-17. DOI:10.1515/zfw-2021-0037
Abstract
"How people assess their prospects and act accordingly is anchored in time and space. But context is only half the story. Human beings share predispositions in favour of the here and now, discounting the future, and risk aversion. This paper provides a framework for integrating cognition with context in economic geography focusing upon agency, resources, and risk and uncertainty in European labour markets. In doing so, it seeks to avoid essentialising the individual while ensuring that the resulting framework does not leave individuals as cyphers of time and place. The framework is illustrated by reference to individual’s assessments of the consequences of technological change for their employment prospects in a multicountry European setting. Implications are drawn for a behavioural economic geography that is policy relevant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How to minimize job insecurity: The role of proactive and reactive coping over time (2022)
Zitatform
Langerak, Judith B., Jessie Koen & Edwin A. J. van Hooft (2022): How to minimize job insecurity: The role of proactive and reactive coping over time. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 136. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103729
Abstract
"Job insecurity is no longer a temporary setback but an experience that many workers endure for prolonged periods of time during their career. While there is much research on the behaviors that may help workers to cope with the negative consequences of job insecurity (i.e., reactive coping), insight into behaviors that may help workers to minimize or even prevent the experience of job insecurity itself is still minimal (i.e., proactive coping). Yet, such insight is crucial to advance our knowledge on the dynamics of job insecurity and may offer an alternative strategy to help workers manage the experience of job insecurity during their career. Hence, in this 5-wave weekly survey study among 266 workers, we view the experience of job insecurity as an ongoing process that may fluctuate over time and investigated whether proactive coping (career planning, scenario thinking, career consultation, networking, and reflecting) could help workers to minimize their future job insecurity. Multilevel path analyses showed that weekly proactive coping behaviors were either unrelated or positively (rather than negatively) related to job insecurity in the following week, indicating that positive outcomes of proactive coping may need more time to establish. Additionally, we explored whether coping behaviors that are proactive in theory could also function as reactive coping behaviors (i.e., could buffer the negative consequences of job insecurity). Results showed no buffering effects, indicating that theoretically proactive coping behaviors did not function reactively. We discuss that prolonged proactive coping efforts are needed in contemporary careers, despite the short-term discomfort." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are first jobs in the German public sector more stable?: An examination under consideration of the institutional structure (2022)
Zitatform
Löwe, Paul Severin (2022): Are first jobs in the German public sector more stable? An examination under consideration of the institutional structure. In: Soziale Welt, Jg. 73, H. 2, S. 377-415. DOI:10.5771/0038-6073-2022-2-377
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat es in Deutschland eine Abkehr vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis gegeben. Insbesondere die nicht etablierten Gruppen des Arbeitsmarktes sind betroffen. Der Arbeitsmarkteinstieg wurde zur unsichersten Phase der Erwerbskarriere. Der öffentliche Dienst mit seinem spezifischen institutionellen Rahmen galt als "Modellarbeitgeber" für benachteiligte Gruppen. Reformen und Umstrukturierungen stellen diese Sonderstellung gegenüber dem Privatsektor allerdings in Frage. In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, ob der öffentliche Dienst eine stabilere Beschäftigung für Arbeitsmarkteinsteiger*innen bietet als der private Sektor. Es wird untersucht, ob die institutionelle Struktur des öffentlichen Dienstes die Beschäftigungsstabilität positiv beeinflusst. In einer Dekompositions-Analyse werden potenziell stabilisierende (arbeiten in einer Dienstbeziehung, mit hoher beruflicher Schließung, Teilnahme an Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen) und destabilisierende institutionelle Faktoren (befristete Beschäftigung, Teilzeit) getestet, um die Stabilität von Erstanstellungen im öffentlichen Dienst zu erklären. Die Arbeitsmarkteinstiegskohorten 1995-2012 werden auf Basis der retrospektiven Lebensverlaufsdaten der Startkohorte sechs des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der öffentliche Dienst stabilere erste Arbeitsplätze bietet. Stabilisierende Faktoren, wie die Teilnahme an Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen, sind dafür entscheidend. Allerdings reduzieren destabilisierende Faktoren, wie die intensive Nutzung von befristeten Verträgen, die Stabilität erheblich. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die stabilisierende institutionelle Struktur des öffentlichen Sektors zwar einen Vorteil begründet, aber unter Druck steht und somit Potenzial für Polarisierungen bietet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Are men or women more unsettled by fixed-term contracts? Gender differences in affective job insecurity and the role of household context and labour market position (2022)
Zitatform
Morgenroth, Nicolas, Brigitte Schels & Nils Teichler (2022): Are men or women more unsettled by fixed-term contracts? Gender differences in affective job insecurity and the role of household context and labour market position. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 560-574., 2021-11-15. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab060
Abstract
"This study investigates differences in the causal effect of fixed-term contracts on affective job insecurity by gender and household context in Germany. Research shows that workers in fixed-term employment are more unsettled about their job security than are permanent employees. We contribute to the literature on subjective job insecurity by explicitly modelling the causal effect of fixed-term employment and by examining how women and men differ in this effect. We argue that gender differences in the labour market positions and a gendered division of labour in the household account for gender differences in the subjective vulnerability to fixed-term employment. We apply linear fixed effect probability models based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with a sample of employees aged between 20 and 45 years. Results show that a fixed-term contract doubles the probability of big job worries compared to a permanent contract. Women are substantially more unsettled by fixed-term contracts than men across all household types. These gender differences cannot be explained by unfavourable labour market positions of women. Fixed-term employment thus seems to add to existing gender inequalities on the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Productivity shocks, long-term contracts and earnings dynamics (2021)
Balke, Neele; Lamadon, Thibaut;Zitatform
Balke, Neele & Thibaut Lamadon (2021): Productivity shocks, long-term contracts and earnings dynamics. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2021,19), Uppsala, 78 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines how employer- and worker-specific productivity shocks transmit to earnings and employment in an economy with search frictions and firm commitment. We develop an equilibrium search model with worker and firm shocks and characterize the optimal contract offered by competing firms to attract and retain workers. In equilibrium, riskneutral firms provide only partial insurance against shocks to risk-averse workers and offer contingent contracts, where payments are backloaded in good times and frontloaded in bad times. We prove that there exists a unique spot target wage, which serves as an attraction point for smooth wage adjustments. The structural model is estimated on matched employer-employee data from Sweden. The estimates indicate that firms absorb persistent worker and firm shocks, with respective passthrough values of 27 and 11%, but price permanent worker differences, a large contributor (32%) to variations in wages. A large share of the earnings growth variance can be attributed to job mobility, which interacts with productivity shocks. We evaluate the effects of redistributive policies and find that almost 40% of government-provided insurance is undone by crowding out firm-provided insurance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Concentration and Stayers' Wages: Evidence from France (2021)
Zitatform
Bassanini, Andrea, Cyprien Batut & Eve Caroli (2021): Labor Market Concentration and Stayers' Wages. Evidence from France. (IZA discussion paper 14912), Bonn, 20 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of labor market concentration on stayers' wages, where stayers are defined as individuals who were already employed in the same firm the year before. Using administrative data for France, we show that the elasticity of stayers' wages to labor market concentration ranges between -0.0185 and -0.0230, depending on the instrument we use, and controlling for labor productivity and local product market concentration. This represents between about two thirds and three fourth of the elasticity we estimate for new hires. Given the strong wage rigidities characterizing the French labor market, this estimate can be considered a lower bound of the effect of labor market concentration on stayers' wages in an international perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbslose in der Grundsicherung: Welche Faktoren begünstigen die Aufnahme stabiler Beschäftigungsverhältnisse? (2021)
Zitatform
Dengler, Katharina, Katrin Hohmeyer & Cordula Zabel (2021): Erwerbslose in der Grundsicherung: Welche Faktoren begünstigen die Aufnahme stabiler Beschäftigungsverhältnisse? In: IAB-Forum H. 13.01.2021 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2021-01-12.
Abstract
"Entgegen verbreiteter Annahmen nehmen erwerbslose Arbeitslosengeld-II-Beziehende in einem nicht zu vernachlässigenden Umfang (wieder) eine Beschäftigung auf. Diese Beschäftigungsverhältnisse sind jedoch oft nicht von langer Dauer – kein ganz neuer Befund. Weniger klar ist indes, welche Faktoren die Aufnahme einer sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung begünstigen. Das Gleiche gilt für die Faktoren, die deren Dauer beeinflussen. Eine aktuelle Studie des IAB liefert neue Erkenntnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Firm pay dynamics (2021)
Engbom, Niklas; Moser, Christian; Sauermann, Jan;Zitatform
Engbom, Niklas, Christian Moser & Jan Sauermann (2021): Firm pay dynamics. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2021,21), Uppsala, 51 S.
Abstract
"We study the nature of firm pay dynamics. To this end, we propose a statistical model that extends the seminal framework by Abowd, Kramarz, and Margolis (1999a) to allow for idiosyncratically time-varying firm pay policies. We estimate the model using linked employer-employee data for Sweden from 1985 to 2015. By drawing on detailed firm financials data, we show that firms that become more productive and accumulate capital raise pay, whereas firms lower pay as they add workers. A secular increase in firm-year pay dispersion in Sweden since 1985 is accounted for by greater persistence of firm pay among incumbent firms as well as greater dispersion in firm pay among entrant firms, as opposed to more volatile firm pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: MPRA Paper, 98477 -
Literaturhinweis
From employment to engagement? Stable jobs, temporary jobs, and cohabiting relationships (2021)
Landaud, Fanny;Zitatform
Landaud, Fanny (2021): From employment to engagement? Stable jobs, temporary jobs, and cohabiting relationships. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 73. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102077
Abstract
"Family formation has been substantially delayed in recent decades, and birth rates have fallen below the replacement rates in many OECD countries. Research suggests that these trends are tightly linked to recent changes in the labor market; however, little is known about the role played by increases in job insecurity. In this paper, I investigate whether the type of employment, stable or temporary, affects the timing of cohabitation and fertility. Using French data on the work and family history of large samples of young adults, I provide evidence that being permanently employed has a much stronger effect than being in temporary employment on the probability of entering a first cohabiting relationship as well as on the probability of having a first child. These findings suggest that increases in age at first cohabitation and at first child can partly be explained by the rise in unemployment and in the share of temporary jobs among young workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sector switching in Germany (2021)
Prümer, Stephanie;Zitatform
Prümer, Stephanie (2021): Sector switching in Germany. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitsmarkt- und Regionalpolitik. Diskussionspapiere 122), Nürnberg, 40 S.
Abstract
"Wechsel des Beschäftigungssektors im Laufe des Berufslebens, d. h. der Wechsel vom privaten in den öffentlichen Sektor oder umgekehrt, sind häufig, wurden bisher jedoch kaum untersucht. Mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels für Deutschland gebe ich Einblicke in diese Sektorwechsel. Außerdem analysiere ich, ob sozio-demografische Merkmale oder Einstellungen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, den Sektoren zu wechseln, beeinflussen. Ich zeige, dass Frauen mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit in den öffentlichen Sektor wechseln als Männer und dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Wechsels in den öffentlichen Sektor positiv mit Bildung korreliert. Demgegenüber sind Einstellungen und nicht sozio-demografische Merkmale für die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Wechsels in den privaten Sektor relevant. Ich folgere aus meiner Analyse, dass die Vertiefung des Wissen über Sektorwechsel das Personalmanagement im öffentlichen Sektor bereichern kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Prümer, Stephanie; -
Literaturhinweis
People at Work 2021: A Global Workforce View (2021)
Richardson, Nela; Klein, Sara;Zitatform
Richardson, Nela & Sara Klein (2021): People at Work 2021: A Global Workforce View. Roseland, 48 S.
Abstract
"This report provides a starting point to understand the situation facing employees today across five dimensions of working life: worker confidence and job security; workplace conditions; pay and performance; worker mobility; and gender and family." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career stability in turbulent times: A cross-cohort study of mid-careers in Finland (2021)
Zitatform
Riekhoff, Aart-Jan, Satu Ojala & Pasi Pyöriä (2021): Career stability in turbulent times: A cross-cohort study of mid-careers in Finland. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 64, H. 4, S. 437-458. DOI:10.1177/0001699320983422
Abstract
"In this article, we investigate whether the mid-career stability of Finnish men and women has changed for the birth cohorts 1958 to 1972 and, if so, what the driving forces are behind such changes. We analyse career stability during a 15-year period following the age of 30 using “career turbulence” indicators. To identify the impact of cyclical and structural changes in the labour market, we analyse the association between initial employment status and sector with subsequent career stability. We distinguish between sectors that are exposed to a greater or lesser extent to global competition, those that are characterised by goods production or service provision, and those that are part of the market or non-market sector. In a series of OLS regression and regression decomposition analyses, we also control for the impact of education, regional unemployment and family-formation processes. The results show little change in mid-career stability across cohorts. Stability increased somewhat when only including transitions between employment and non-employment, whereas slight destabilisation was observed when accounting for changes between jobs. The findings indicate that the small changes in stability across cohorts were mostly driven by structural changes in the labour market, albeit with different mechanisms for men and women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does a job guarantee pay off? The fiscal costs of fighting long-term unemployment in Austria* (2021)
Theurl, Simon; Tamesberger, Dennis;Zitatform
Theurl, Simon & Dennis Tamesberger (2021): Does a job guarantee pay off? The fiscal costs of fighting long-term unemployment in Austria*. In: European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 364-378. DOI:10.4337/ejeep.2021.0077
Abstract
"The idea of a job guarantee (JG) to tackle unemployment has become popular again over recent years. Critics often point to the fiscal costs and the macroeconomic impact of a government financing full employment. In this paper, we analyse the fiscal costs of a JG for long-term unemployed people over the age of 45 in Austria. We show that a JG pays off in the long run. Even if the amount of jobs to be provided increases in times of a recession, or if a government starts with a certain amount of jobs and increases it afterwards, the JG would pay for itself." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Operationalization of Employment Protection Legislation and Implications for Substantive Results: Example of Perceived Job Insecurity and Temporary Employment Risk (2020)
Zitatform
Balz, Anne & Klaus Pforr (2020): Operationalization of Employment Protection Legislation and Implications for Substantive Results. Example of Perceived Job Insecurity and Temporary Employment Risk. (GESIS papers 2020,19), Mannheim, 39 S. DOI:10.21241/ssoar.70793
Abstract
"Almost all comparative research on the effects of employment protection legislation of regular employees (EPLR) is based on the index of the OECD. This study argues that this index is methodologically flawed and proposes a new EPLR index, following a theory-driven formative index construction approach. To demonstrate the implications using the OECD EPLR index versus the new index, we use two empirical applications: First, the effects of EPLR on perceived job insecurity, using multi-level models with data from the European Social Survey, the European Working Condition Survey, and the European Quality of Life Survey. Secondly the temporary employment risk for new hires, using multi-level models with data from the European Labour Force Survey. Whereas the results based on the OECD EPLR index significantly deviate from the hypotheses in the literature, the results using the new EPLR index is compliant with the hypotheses in the literature. This demonstrates higher criterion validity of the theory-driven new EPLR index and also calls for replications of previous research that is based on the index of the OECD." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of foreign direct investment on job stability: Upgrades, downgrades, and separations (2020)
Borrs, Linda; Eppelsheimer, Johann;Zitatform
Borrs, Linda & Johann Eppelsheimer (2020): The effects of foreign direct investment on job stability: Upgrades, downgrades, and separations. (IAB-Discussion Paper 24/2020), Nürnberg, 49 S.
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen die Auswirkungen von ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (FDI) auf die Beschäftigungstabilität von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern mittels Sozialversicherungsdaten. Erstmalig berücksichtigen wir hierbei unternehmensinterne Jobwechsel und untersuchen die Effekte von FDI auf die individuelle Wahrscheinlichkeit von Up- oder Downgrades hin zu Berufen mit mehr oder weniger analytischen und interaktiven Tätigkeiten. Zu diesem Zweck entwickeln wir ein iteratives Matching-Verfahren, welches einen homogenen Datensatz von Firmen mit gleichen Investitionswahrscheinlichkeiten erzeugt und berechnen dynamische Effekte mit Proportional Harzardmodellen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FDI die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Up- und Downgrades um 25 bzw. 37 Prozent erhöht. Diese Effekte nehmen mit dem Anteil an nicht-routine und interaktiven Tätigkeiten zu und werden zwei Jahre nach der Investition messbar. FDI erhöht nicht die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Trennungen von Beschäftigten und Unternehmen. Stattdessen führt FDI zu einem temporären Lock-in-Effekt. Unsere Befunde belegen die Bedeutung von firmeninternen Umstrukturierungen als Reaktion auf eine veränderte Arbeitsnachfrage durch FDI." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The evolution of generalised and acute job tenure insecurity (2020)
Zitatform
Choonara, Joseph (2020): The evolution of generalised and acute job tenure insecurity. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 713-725. DOI:10.1177/0950017019855236
Abstract
"An earlier article by Gallie, Felstead, Green and Inanc demonstrates that employee insecurity can be divided into job tenure insecurity (anxieties about the continuity of employment) and job status insecurity (anxieties about the loss of valued features of the job). Here it is argued that job tenure insecurity can be further divided into acute and generalised variants. The former tracks the level of involuntary redundancies in the UK data and is grounded in a realistic assessment of the likelihood of involuntary job loss. The latter is driven by a range of factors, including the economic cycle and the intensification of work that is also associated with rising job status insecurity, and the permeation of insecurity through new sections of the workforce. Its greatest extent was in the mid-1990s and it rose again in the years following the 2008/2009 recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Changing Stability in U.S. Employment Relationships: A Tale of Two Tails (2020)
Zitatform
Molloy, Raven, Christopher Smith & Abigail K. Wozniak (2020): Changing Stability in U.S. Employment Relationships. A Tale of Two Tails. (NBER working paper 26694), Cambridge, Mass., 52 S. DOI:10.3386/w26694
Abstract
"We confront two seemingly-contradictory observations about the US labor market: the rate at which workers change employers has declined since the 1980s, yet there is a commonly expressed view that long-term employment relationships are more difficult to attain. We reconcile these observations by examining how the distribution of employment tenure has changed in aggregate and for various demographic groups. We show that the fraction of workers with short tenure (less than a year) has been falling since the 1980s, consistent with the decline in job changing. Meanwhile, the fraction of workers with long tenure (20 years or more) has been rising modestly owing to an increase in long tenure for women and the ageing of the population. Long tenure has declined markedly among older men; this trend may have spurred popular perceptions that long-term employment is less common than in the past. The decline in long-tenure for men appears due to an increase in mid-career separations that reduce the likelihood of reaching long-tenure, rather than an increase in late-career separations. Nevertheless, survey evidence indicates that these changes in employment relationships are not associated with heightened concerns about job insecurity or decreases in job satisfaction as reported by workers. The decline in short-tenure is widespread, associated with fewer workers cycling among briefly-held jobs, and coincides with an increase in perceived job security among short tenure workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Balancing flexibility and security in Europe? The impact of unemployment on young peoples' subjective well-being (2020)
Russell, Helen; Leschke, Janine; Smith, Mark;Zitatform
Russell, Helen, Janine Leschke & Mark Smith (2020): Balancing flexibility and security in Europe? The impact of unemployment on young peoples' subjective well-being. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 243-261. DOI:10.1177/0959680119840570
Abstract
"We examine the relationship between 'flexicurity' systems, unemployment and well-being outcomes for young people in Europe. A key tenet of the flexicurity approach is that greater flexibility of labour supply supports transitions into employment, trading longer-term employment stability for short-term job instability. However, there is a risk that young people experience greater job insecurity, both objective and subjective, with less stable contracts and more frequent unemployment spells. Our research draws on data from the European Social Survey and uses multi-level models to explore whether and how flexibility-security arrangements moderate the effect of past and present unemployment on the well-being of young people. We distinguish between flexibility-security institutions that foster improved job prospects and those that provide financial security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dualization and subjective employment insecurity : explaining the subjective employment insecurity divide between permanent and temporary workers across 23 European countries (2019)
Zitatform
Chung, Heejung (2019): Dualization and subjective employment insecurity : explaining the subjective employment insecurity divide between permanent and temporary workers across 23 European countries. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 3, S. 700-729. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16656411
Abstract
"Dualization theory posits that certain institutions cause dualization in the labour market, yet how institutions deepen the subjective insecurity divide between insiders and outsiders has not been examined. This article examines this question using data from 23 European countries in 2008/2009. Results show that the subjective employment insecurity divide between permanent and temporary workers varies significantly across different countries. Corporatist countries, with stronger unions, have larger subjective insecurity divides between permanent and temporary workers. However, this is because permanent workers feel more secure in these countries rather than because temporary workers are more exposed to feelings of insecurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation, job characteristics and job insecurity (2019)
Coupe, Tom;Zitatform
Coupe, Tom (2019): Automation, job characteristics and job insecurity. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 40, H. 7, S. 1288-1304. DOI:10.1108/IJM-12-2018-0418
Abstract
"Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether specific jobs characteristics, which experts have identified as being more automation proof, are associated with reduced job insecurity.
Design/methodology/approach
Data come from a recent survey providing information on sources of job insecurity as well as on detailed job characteristics. The analysis is based on various regression models.
Findings
People who have jobs that involve lots of personal interaction are less likely to be concerned about losing their job because of automation, or because of other reasons, and are more likely to think their job will exist 50 years from now. Having a creative job does not change these concerns. The share of respondents who fear losing their job to automation is fairly small, and those who do, typically fear other sources of job insecurity as much or even more.
Practical implications
Developing interpersonal skills is more likely to be an effective strategy for reducing job insecurity than developing creative skills. The findings further suggest that policies aimed at automation are unlikely to suffice for the elimination of worry over job loss, as many workers who fear automation at the same time feel there are other reasons that might lead to the loss of their job.
Originality/value
There are very few studies that link fear of losing one's job to automation to a job's characteristics. The survey used here is unique in the level of detail provided on job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitskräftefluktuation im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe: In exportierenden Betrieben ist die Beschäftigung stabiler (2019)
Zitatform
Hauptmann, Andreas, Steffen Sirries & Ignat Stepanok (2019): Arbeitskräftefluktuation im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe: In exportierenden Betrieben ist die Beschäftigung stabiler. (IAB-Kurzbericht 04/2019), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Deutschland gehört zu den bedeutendsten Handelsnationen der Welt. Für die deutsche Wirtschaft bieten der internationale Handel und insbesondere der Export von Produkten zahlreiche Chancen. Teilweise wird jedoch befürchtet, dass internationale Aktivitäten von Unternehmen mit Risiken für die Beschäftigungsstabilität einhergehen. Die Autoren untersuchen deshalb die betriebliche Arbeitskräftefluktuation im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, einer Branche, die sich in Deutschland durch einen hohen Exportanteil auszeichnet: Etwa jeder dritte Betrieb dieser Branche erwirtschaftet einen Teil seines Umsatzes im Ausland. Diese Betriebe beschäftigen fast drei Viertel der Arbeitnehmer im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe. Es zeigt sich, dass die Fluktuationsrate der Belegschaft in exportierenden Betrieben niedriger ist und die Beschäftigung stabiler als in Betrieben, die ausschließlich für den inländischen Markt produzieren. Dieser Befund ist in großen exportierenden Betrieben besonders ausgeprägt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Beschäftigte in exportierenden Betrieben und exportierende Betriebe im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe sowie insgesamt
- Fluktuationsrate im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, nach Exportstatus der Betriebe und Betriebsgrößenklassen
- Arbeitskräftefluktuation in exportierenden Betrieben im Vergleich zu nicht exportierenden Betrieben im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe
- Fluktuationsrate im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, nach Exportstatus der Betriebe
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of declining youth employment stability on future wages (2019)
Umkehrer, Matthias;Zitatform
Umkehrer, Matthias (2019): The impact of declining youth employment stability on future wages. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 619-650., 2017-11-08. DOI:10.1007/s00181-018-1444-5
Abstract
"Has the early career become less stable during the 1980s and 1990s? And does a lack of early-career employment stability inhibit wage growth? I analyze exceptionally rich administrative data on male graduates from Germany's dual education system to shed more light on these important questions. The data indicate a decline in youth employment durations since the late 1970s, limited to already relatively short durations. Controlling for endogeneity of employment in youth with training firm fixed effects and by exploiting institutional variation in the timing of nationwide macroeconomic shocks, I find significant returns to early-career employment stability in terms of higher wages in adulthood. These returns decline not only across the wage distribution, but also with cohort age. The findings suggest less stable employment in the early years of a career to have become increasingly costly during the 1990s for the least advantaged workers." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Umkehrer, Matthias; -
Literaturhinweis
Human capital and unemployment dynamics: why more educated workers enjoy greater employment stability (2018)
Cairó, Isabel; Cajner, Tomaz;Zitatform
Cairó, Isabel & Tomaz Cajner (2018): Human capital and unemployment dynamics. Why more educated workers enjoy greater employment stability. In: The economic journal, Jg. 128, H. 609, S. 652-682. DOI:10.1111/ecoj.12441
Abstract
"Why do more educated workers experience lower unemployment rates and lower employment volatility? Empirically, these workers have similar job finding rates but much lower and less volatile separation rates than their less educated peers. We argue that on-the-job training, being complementary to formal education, is the reason for this pattern. Using a search and matching model with endogenous separations, we show that investments in match-specific human capital reduce incentives to separate but leave the job finding rate essentially unaffected. The model generates unemployment dynamics quantitatively consistent with the data. Finally, we provide novel empirical evidence supporting the mechanism studied in the article." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market effects of job displacement for prime-age and older workers (2018)
Zitatform
Deelen, Anja, Marloes de Graaf-Zijl & Wiljan van den Berge (2018): Labour market effects of job displacement for prime-age and older workers. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 7, S. 1-30. DOI:10.1186/s40172-018-0063-x
Abstract
"This paper studies the effects of firm closures associated with bankruptcies on the employment status and wages of prime-age and older workers using Dutch administrative data for the period 2000 - 2011. Applying difference-in-differences techniques and non-parametric matching, we find adverse effects on the probability to be in work and on wages earned in the new job, which are larger for older workers than for prime-age workers. Within the older-age group, the effects are stronger for formerly long-tenured workers, for older workers who lost their job in declining sectors in the regional labour market and for workers who changed sectors. In the prime-age group, these differences are less pronounced. Our results suggest that job- and sector-specific factors are important for understanding the more vulnerable position of older workers after job loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CPB discussion paper , 285 -
Literaturhinweis
Das Aussetzen von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen als betriebliche Strategie zum Ausgleich von Schwankungen des Personalbedarfs: ein Update (2018)
Zitatform
Eppel, Rainer, Thomas Horvath & Helmut Mahringer (2018): Das Aussetzen von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen als betriebliche Strategie zum Ausgleich von Schwankungen des Personalbedarfs. Ein Update. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 91, H. 11, S. 799-810.
Abstract
"Um kurzfristige, saison- und nicht saisonbedingte Schwankungen des Arbeitskräftebedarfs auszugleichen, beenden viele Betriebe in Zeiten geringerer Auslastung Beschäftigungsverhältnisse und stellen anschließend bei verbesserter Auftragslage dieselben Arbeitskräfte wieder ein ('temporärer Layoff'). Sie wälzen damit Personalkosten auf die Arbeitslosenversicherung ab, da viele betroffene Arbeitskräfte während der Beschäftigungsunterbrechung arbeitslos vorgemerkt sind und Leistungen aus der Arbeitslosenversicherung beziehen. Diese personalpolitische Flexibilisierungsstrategie wurde bisher kaum thematisiert, spielt jedoch in Österreich seit Jahrzehnten eine bedeutende Rolle. Im Jahr 2017 waren 13,7% aller Beschäftigungsaufnahmen Wiedereinstellungen von temporär Arbeitslosen bei demselben Arbeitgeber innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von einem Jahr. Die registrierte Arbeitslosigkeit während temporärer Layoffs trug mehr als ein Achtel zur registrierten Gesamtarbeitslosigkeit bei. Sie war damit für rund 1 Prozentpunkt der Arbeitslosenquote maßgebend. Die Aussetzung von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen ist mit Kosten für die Arbeitslosenversicherung in einer Größenordnung von rund 500 Mio. EURO pro Jahr verbunden." (Autorenreferat, © WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)
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Literaturhinweis
Sports Psychology in the English Premier League: 'It Feels Precarious and is Precarious' (2018)
Gilmore, Sarah; Smith, John; Wagstaff, Christopher;Zitatform
Gilmore, Sarah, Christopher Wagstaff & John Smith (2018): Sports Psychology in the English Premier League: 'It Feels Precarious and is Precarious'. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 426-435. DOI:10.1177/0950017017713933
Abstract
"The literatures on gender status stereotyping and the 'glass-ceiling' have shown that women managers have more difficult job experiences than men, but whether these experiences result in lower job satisfaction is still an open question. Using fixed-effects models in a longitudinal national sample, this study examines differences in job satisfaction between women and men promoted into lower and higher-level management, after controlling for key determinants of job satisfaction. Results indicate that promotions to management are accompanied by an increase in job satisfaction for men but not for women, and that the differing effect lasts beyond the promotion year. Moreover, following promotion, the job satisfaction of women promoted to higher-level management even starts declining. The type of promotion (internal or lateral) does not modify this effect. By clarifying the relationship between gender, promotion to managerial position and job satisfaction, the study contributes to the literature on the gender gap in managerial representation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Product innovation and employment growth at the firm level: a quantile regression approach to inter-industry differences (2018)
Herstad, Sverre J.;Zitatform
Herstad, Sverre J. (2018): Product innovation and employment growth at the firm level. A quantile regression approach to inter-industry differences. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 25, H. 15, S. 1062-1065. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2017.1394970
Abstract
"This article demonstrates that the relationship between product innovativeness and employment growth at the firm level depends on (i) market responses to innovations with different degrees of novelty, (ii) the location of firms on the growth distribution and (iii) industry conditions. As a result, research that uses standard regression techniques such as OLS and does not account for innovation characteristics and industry differences fail to properly describe this relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
An empirical analysis of the relationship between employee ownership and employment stability in the US: 1999-2011 (2018)
Zitatform
Kurtulus, Fidan Ana & Douglas Kruse (2018): An empirical analysis of the relationship between employee ownership and employment stability in the US. 1999-2011. In: BJIR, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 245-291. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12254
Abstract
"Do firms with employee ownership (EO) programs exhibit greater employment stability in the face of economic downturns? In particular, are firms with EO programs less likely to lay off workers during negative shocks? In this article, we examine the relationship between EO programs and employment stability in the United States using longitudinal Form 5500-CompuStat matched data on the universe of publicly traded companies during 1999 - 2011. We examine how firms with EO programs weathered the recessions of 2001 and 2008 in terms of employment stability relative to firms without EO programs, and also whether such firms were less likely to lay off workers when faced with negative shocks more broadly. In our econometric analyses, we use a rich array of measures of EO at firms, including the presence of EO stock in pension plans, the presence of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs), the value of EO stock per employee, the share of the firm owned by employees, the share of workers at the firm participating in EO and the share of workers at the firm participating in ESOPs. We also consider both economy-wide negative shock measures (increases in the unemployment rate, declines in the employment-to-population ratio) and firm-specific negative shock measures (declines in firm sales, declines in firm stock price). Our results indicate that EO firms exhibit greater employment stability in the face of economy-wide and firm-specific negative shocks." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Loss of skill and labor market fluctuations (2018)
Zitatform
Lalé, Etienne (2018): Loss of skill and labor market fluctuations. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 20-31. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.03.004
Abstract
"In this paper, we examine how skill loss can contribute to aggregate labor market fluctuations in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model. We develop a computationally tractable stochastic version of that model wherein workers accumulate skills on the job and face a risk of skill loss after job destruction. We find that skill heterogeneity dampens the fluctuations of labor market variables, and that introducing skill loss offsets this effect and generates additional amplification. The main forces driving this result are pro-cyclical increases in the probability of skill loss during unemployment: these provide incentives to post proportionally more vacancies during upturns by raising the surplus from employing high-skill workers. Compositional changes in the unemployment pool, on the other hand, play a negligible role for empirically plausible rates of skill depreciation, which imply a relatively slow process compared to the duration of unemployment spells." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and the changing workplace: recent developments and the future trends in job insecurity research (2018)
Lee, Cynthia; Ashford, Susan J.; Huang, Guo-Hua;Zitatform
Lee, Cynthia, Guo-Hua Huang & Susan J. Ashford (2018): Job insecurity and the changing workplace. Recent developments and the future trends in job insecurity research. In: Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior, Jg. 5, S. 335-359. DOI:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104651
Abstract
"This article updates our understanding of the field of job insecurity (JI) by incorporating studies across the globe since 2003, analyzes what we know, and offers ideas on how to move forward. We begin by reviewing the conceptualization and operationalization of job insecurity. We then review empirical studies of the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of JI effects, as well as the various theoretical perspectives used to explain the relationship of JI to various outcomes. Our analyses also consider JI research in different regions of the world, highlighting the cross-cultural differences. We conclude by identifying areas in need of future research. We propose that JI is and will continue to be a predominant employment issue, such that research into it will only increase in importance and relevance. In particular, we call for in-depth research that carefully considers the rapid changes in the workplace today and in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Perceived job and labor market insecurity in the United States: an assessment of workers' attitudes from 2002 to 2014 (2018)
Zitatform
Lowe, Travis Scott (2018): Perceived job and labor market insecurity in the United States. An assessment of workers' attitudes from 2002 to 2014. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 313-345. DOI:10.1177/0730888418758381
Abstract
"The distinction between perceived job insecurity (workers' assessment of their likelihood of losing their job) and perceived labor market insecurity (workers' assessment of their ability to find another job similar to their current position) is important because the theoretical primacy of perceived job insecurity is diminished in the context of the risk regime, presenting a need for work that identifies whether the traditional factors of security still protect workers from feeling insecure. The author addresses this need by analyzing data from the Quality of Working Life module of the General Social Survey, which was asked of respondents in 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. The author finds that while characteristics of secure work are still associated with lower perceived job insecurity, most tend to increase perceived labor market insecurity. The author also finds that the Great Recession produced higher levels of perceived labor market insecurity. These findings suggest that jobs previously considered to be 'good' jobs such as government and union jobs may be more of a liability than an asset in the context of decreased employer - worker attachment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Was Blue-Collar-Worker motiviert (2018)
Manes, Steffen;Zitatform
Manes, Steffen (2018): Was Blue-Collar-Worker motiviert. In: Personalwirtschaft, Jg. 45, H. 6, S. 14-15.
Abstract
"Blue-Collar-Kandidaten machen rund drei Viertel des Arbeitsmarktes aus. Sie sind gefragt wie selten zuvor. Längst hat sich der Arbeitskräftemangel ausgedehnt und zahlreiche Berufsfelder von der Pflege über die Dienstleistungsbranche bis zur industriellen Fertigung erfasst. Mit dem 'Blue-Collar-Kompass' hat Mobilejob daher eine Marktforschungsreihe entwickelt, die sich den Berufsperspektiven dieser bisher wenig analysierten Zielgruppe widmet. Erste Erkenntnis: Nichtakademiker haben nicht ihren Traumjob, sind aber trotzdem hoch motiviert. Der Blue-Collar-Bereich war lange Zeit die große Unbekannte auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Dabei haben zahlreiche Unternehmen gerade in diesem Segment Probleme, geeignete Mitarbeiter zu finden. Pflegekräfte, Callcenter-Agents, Servicemitarbeiter und Handwerker nahezu jeder Fachrichtung sind nur einige der Kräfte, die händeringend gesucht und viel zu selten gefunden werden. Ein Grund dafür: Die Marktforschung rund um die Karriereperspektiven der nicht akademischen Arbeitnehmer lag viel zu lange brach. Während Akademiker von der Gen Y bis zur Silver Generation schon fast bis hin zum gläsernen Kandidaten analysiert wurden, wissen viele Arbeitgeber kaum etwas über potenzielle Mitarbeiter aus dem Blue- Collar-Segment und sprechen sie daher oft mit den falschen Argumenten an. Der 'Blue-Collar-Kompass' schließt diese Wissenslücke. Zum Auftakt der Reihe wurden mehr als 1000 Kandidaten zu ihrer Jobmotivation befragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Machtverschiebung in der digitalen Arbeitswelt: die Beschäftigten brauchen neue Rechte! (2018)
Schwemmle, Michael; Wedde, Peter;Zitatform
Schwemmle, Michael & Peter Wedde (2018): Machtverschiebung in der digitalen Arbeitswelt. Die Beschäftigten brauchen neue Rechte! (WISO direkt 2018,11), Bonn, 4 S.
Abstract
"Immer deutlicher verschieben sich im Zuge der Digitalisierung die Kräfteverhältnisse in der Arbeitswelt zulasten der Beschäftigten. Zwar werden politische Eingriffe und rechtliche Regulierungen seit Jahren gefordert - bisher aber ohne nennenswerten Erfolg. Bleiben sie weiterhin aus, steigen die Risiken der Entsicherung, der Entkollektivierung und der Entmächtigung menschlicher Arbeitskraft. Um das Machtgefüge in der digitalen Arbeitswelt wieder in eine ausgewogenere Balance zu bringen, muss der Gesetzgeber die Interessen der Beschäftigten unverzüglich durch angemessene und innovative Schutzmechanismen stärken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Job characteristics and experience as predictors of occupational turnover intention and occupational turnover in the European nursing sector (2018)
Van der Heijden, Beatrice I. J. M.; Peeters, Maria C. W.; Van Breukelen, J. Wim M.; Le Blanc, Pascale M. ;Zitatform
Van der Heijden, Beatrice I. J. M., Maria C. W. Peeters, Pascale M. Le Blanc & J. Wim M. Van Breukelen (2018): Job characteristics and experience as predictors of occupational turnover intention and occupational turnover in the European nursing sector. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 108, H. October, S. 108-120. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.008
Abstract
"The present study aims to unravel the relationships between job demands and resources, occupational turnover intention, and occupational turnover. To do so, we tested a model wherein associations between nurses' age, tenure in profession and tenure with present employer (experience in the profession), job demands (emotional demands, work-home interference), and job resources (influence at work and opportunities for development) predicted occupational turnover intention, and, subsequently, occupational turnover. A longitudinal survey was conducted among a sample of 753 nurses working in European health care institutions (hospitals, nursing homes, and community/home care). The results supported the hypotheses that job demands are positively related with occupational turnover intention while job resources and experience in the nursing profession are negatively related with occupational turnover intention. We did not find evidence supporting the hypothesis that occupational turnover intention mediates the relationship between job demands and job resources on the one hand, and occupational turnover on the other hand. Experience in the nursing profession had a direct effect on occupational turnover, in addition to the direct effect of occupational turnover intention. The implications of our findings for understanding the process through which health care organizations can affect occupational turnover intention and actual exit behavior, are discussed." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and mental health in Canada (2018)
Watson, Barry; Osberg, Lars;Zitatform
Watson, Barry & Lars Osberg (2018): Job insecurity and mental health in Canada. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 38, S. 4137-4152. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2018.1441516
Abstract
"Using six cycles of Canada's longitudinal National Population Health Survey data (2000 - 2001 to 2010 - 2011), this article examines the relationship between job insecurity and mental health. Job insecurity is evaluated in both subjective (perception of job insecurity) and objective (probability of joblessness) terms while mental health is measured using a standardized psychological distress index. Applying a person-specific fixed-effects estimator, results indicate that for males and females age 25-64, job insecurity, regardless of how it is measured, is associated with an increase in psychological distress. Results regarding unemployment are not as conclusive, suggesting that it is not so much the actual occurrence of job loss but the threat of unemployment that is associated with higher psychological distress. Estimates of the relationship between job insecurity and psychological distress using pooled ordinary least squares are much larger, implying that much of the psychological distress/job insecurity correlation may be due to unobservable fixed characteristics. All results are robust to the inclusion and exclusion of a host of other potential determinants including income-related variables, education, and various health measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Preference for the workplace, investment in human capital, and gender (2018)
Wiswall, Matthew; Zafar, Basit;Zitatform
Wiswall, Matthew & Basit Zafar (2018): Preference for the workplace, investment in human capital, and gender. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 133, H. 1, S. 457-507. DOI:10.1093/qje/qjx035
Abstract
"We use a hypothetical choice methodology to estimate preferences for workplace attributes from a sample of high-ability undergraduates attending a highly selective university. We estimate that women on average have a higher willingness to pay (WTP) for jobs with greater work flexibility and job stability, and men have a higher WTP for jobs with higher earnings growth. These job preferences relate to college major choices and to actual job choices reported in a follow-up survey four years after graduation. The gender differences in preferences explain at least a quarter of the early career gender wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
First fired, first hired? Business cycles and immigrant labor market transitions (2018)
Zitatform
Xu, Huanan (2018): First fired, first hired? Business cycles and immigrant labor market transitions. In: IZA journal of development and migration, Jg. 8, S. 1-36. DOI:10.1186/s40176-018-0127-5
Abstract
"Using individual-level Current Population Survey (CPS) data matched across adjacent months from 1996 to 2013, this paper examines immigrant-native differentials in labor market transitions to changes in the business cycle. The paper captures economic fluctuations by measuring deviations in local demand from national economic circumstances and examines monthly transitions among employment, unemployment, and nonparticipation. Immigrants are found to be first fired and first hired over the business cycle, and the aggregate unemployment gap is caused by immigrants' higher rates in the unemployment entry flow. Although to some extent the gap can be explained by variation in the immigrant-native's exposure to cycles across industry and occupation, the first fired and first hired pattern still holds. Tests for heterogeneity show that low-skilled immigrants are more vulnerable to the business cycle. Tests of the structural changes from the 2007-2009 Great Recession show that since its start, there was a secular shift in the transition probabilities that would affect all workers negatively, but cyclical volatility was mitigated for immigrants in the post-Great Recession period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Negotiating private life: consequences of early job insecurity and labour market exclusion for household and family formation (2017)
Zitatform
Ayllón, Sara (2017): Negotiating private life. Consequences of early job insecurity and labour market exclusion for household and family formation. (NEGOTIATE working paper 5.2), Oslo, 34 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies to what extent the job insecurity brought about by the Great Recession has had an impact on fertility decisions among young people across Europe. My results rely not only on objective measures of job insecurity such as the unemployment rate, the incidence of part-time work or the ratio of workers made redundant in their last job but also on individual's perceptions of job uncertainty. For example, I use the percentage of workers that declare to be looking for another job because they fear they will lose their current position or the ratio of unemployed that declare not to be seeking for work because they believe that there is none available. Main findings indicate that job insecurity is not unequivocally negatively related with fertility and that results vary by age group, gender, and especially, country cluster." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? (2017)
Dekker, Fabian; Veen, Romke van der;Zitatform
Dekker, Fabian & Romke van der Veen (2017): Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 256-270. DOI:10.1177/0143831X14563946
Abstract
"Today, there is a widespread suggestion that permanent workers are increasingly subject to precarious working conditions. Due to international competition and declining union density, job qualities of permanent workers are assumed to be under strain. According to proponents of a democratization of risk rationale, low job qualities that were traditionally attached to secondary labour markets are transferred to workers in primary segments of the labour market. In this study, the authors test this theoretical rationale among workers in 11 Western European economies, using two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. The results do not confirm a democratization of labour market risk. Lower job qualities are highly associated with flexible employment contracts and highlight a clear gap between insiders and outsiders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market reforms in Europe: towards more flexicure labor markets? (2017)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Paul Marx & Caroline Wehner (2017): Labor market reforms in Europe: towards more flexicure labor markets? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 1-17., 2017-06-12. DOI:10.1186/s12651-017-0231-7
Abstract
"Labor market segmentation refers to a salient divide between secure and insecure jobs and is related to problems in important areas, including macro-economic efficiency, workers' well-being and repercussions for social cohesion. EU-28 countries have started a new wave of labor market reforms in the aftermath of the 2008/2009 crisis to tackle a number of issues, including labor market segmentation. This particularly concerns reforms in: (1) employment protection, i.e. dismissal protection and restrictions on fixed-term contracts; (2) unemployment benefit generosity and coverage; and (3) the intensity of active labor market policies. The paper provides an overview of reform patterns and tries to assess whether and to what extent these reforms have led to less dualized, more 'flexicure' labor markets in terms of dismissal protection, the provision of unemployment benefits and access to ALMPs. In particular, we will provide some evidence on potential changes in hirings on temporary contracts." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Langfristige Trends der Arbeitsmarktmobilität, Beschäftigungsstabilität und Beschäftigungssicherheit in Deutschland (2017)
Erlinghagen, Marcel;Zitatform
Erlinghagen, Marcel (2017): Langfristige Trends der Arbeitsmarktmobilität, Beschäftigungsstabilität und Beschäftigungssicherheit in Deutschland. (Duisburger Beiträge zur soziologischen Forschung 05/2017), Duisburg, 69 S. DOI:10.6104/DBsF-2017-05
Abstract
"Die Frage nach der Entwicklung von Arbeitsmarktmobilität, Beschäftigungsstabilität und Beschäftigungssicherheit ist spätestens seit den frühen 1980er Jahren von zentralem Interesse für die Arbeitsmarktsoziologie. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentiert der Beitrag langfristige Entwicklungen der Fluktuation von Beschäftigten, der Beschäftigungsdauer, atypischer Beschäftigung, der Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit sowie der subjektiven Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit in Deutschland seit den 1970er Jahren. Insgesamt konnte dabei weder eine im Zeitverlauf generell zunehmende Arbeitsmarktmobilität noch eine grundsätzlich abnehmende Beschäftigungsstabilität festgestellt werden. Es findet sich kein Hinweis auf eine generelle Zunahme unfreiwilliger Jobverluste oder eine Verallgemeinerung von Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiken. Zudem wird der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt nach wie vor von sozialversicherungspflichtigen 'Normalarbeitsverhältnissen' dominiert, auch wenn ohne Zweifel die Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigung zugenommen hat. Vieles deutet hingegen auf eine zunehmende Polarisierung am Arbeitsmarkt hin. Diese Polarisierungstendenzen ergeben sich insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Verteilung von Chancen und Risiken entlang von Qualifikationsunterschieden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The hidden face of job insecurity (2017)
Zitatform
Gallie, Duncan, Alan Felstead, Francis Green & Hande Inanc (2017): The hidden face of job insecurity. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 36-53. DOI:10.1177/0950017015624399
Abstract
"Drawing on nationally representative data for British employees, the article argues for a more comprehensive concept of job insecurity, including not only job tenure insecurity but also job status insecurity, relating to anxiety about changes to valued features of the job. It shows that job status insecurity is highly prevalent in the workforce and is associated with different individual, employment and labour market characteristics than those that affect insecurity about job loss. It is also related to different organizational contexts. However, the article also shows that the existence of effective mechanisms of employee participation can reduce both types of job insecurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work organisation and workforce vulnerability to non-employment: Evidence from OECD's Survey on Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2017)
Zitatform
Greenan, Nathalie, Ekaterina Kalugina & Mouhamadou Moustapha Niang (2017): Work organisation and workforce vulnerability to non-employment. Evidence from OECD's Survey on Adult Skills (PIAAC). (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi. Document de travail 195), Noisy-le-Grand, 42 S.
Abstract
"This working paper examines the relationship between forms of work organisation and vulnerability of the workforce to non-employment. It relies on the data from the first two rounds of the survey on adult skills (PIAAC) carried out by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 33 of its member or partner countries. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we identify five forms of work organisation based on the description given by employees of the tasks they perform: Discretionary learning, Constrained learning, Independent, Simple and Taylorist. A multilevel logistic regression is then used to evaluate their impact on vulnerability to non-employment. Vulnerability to nonemployment is defined as the probability to make a transition from employment to nonemployment over a one year period. The results show indeed a significant impact of forms of work organisation on vulnerability to non-employment after controlling for a large number of relevant job and personal characteristics. In particular, employees in Discretionary learning forms of work organisation are the least vulnerable. We also identify labour market policies and institutions which are likely to influence the probability of making a transition to non-employment in relation with the different forms of work organisation. Our results suggest that active labour market policies such as training and employment and start-up incentives amplify the protective effect of Discretionary learning and Independent forms of work organisation as do passive labour market policies for Constrained learning and Simple forms of work organisation. To protect employees in Taylorist forms, expenditures on public employment service and administration, sheltered and supported employment and rehabilitation and direct job creation are to be promoted. A strict employment legislation against dismissals, unlike the strictness of the regulation regarding the use of temporary contract, tends to protect employees in Taylorist forms of work organisation while weakening the protective effect of Simple and Constrained learning forms. Finally, there is a nonmonotonous relationship between the centralisation of wage bargaining and vulnerability. Vulnerability is lower for employees in Constrained learning, Discretionary learning and Independent forms of work organisation when bargaining takes place at an intermediate level, while it is higher for employees in Simple and Taylorist forms and decreasing in the degree of centralisation. It would seem, therefore, that the effectiveness of labor market policies and institutions should be examined in relation with the forms of work organisation prevailing within each country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Verunsichert von Anfang an? Überlegungen und Ergebnisse zur intergenerationalen Transmission subjektiver Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit (2017)
Lübke, Christiane;Zitatform
Lübke, Christiane (2017): Verunsichert von Anfang an? Überlegungen und Ergebnisse zur intergenerationalen Transmission subjektiver Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. In: S. Lessenich (Hrsg.) (2017): Geschlossene Gesellschaften : Verhandlungen des 38. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Bamberg 2016 (Verhandlungen der Kongresse der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie, 38), S. 1-11.
Abstract
"Die prägende Wirkung der Eltern auf die Lebenschancen ihrer Kinder - und damit die Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit über Generationen - erweist sich als äußerst persistent und ist damit nach wie vor ein zentrales Thema der Soziologie. Während sich die bisherige ungleichheitssoziologische Forschung vor allem der intergenerationalen Weitergabe von objektiven Dimensionen wie Einkommen, Bildung und Beruf konzentriert, widmet sich der vorliegende Beitrag der intergenerationalen Transmission einer subjektiven Dimension sozialer Ungleichheit, nämlich der intergenerationalen Transmission subjektiver Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Es wird untersucht, ob und wie die individuelle Verunsicherung im Lebensverlauf mit den Arbeitsplatzsorgen der Eltern zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels zeigen, dass es eine solche intergenerationale Transmission subjektiver Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit gibt. Kinder aus verunsicherten Elternhäusern sind sowohl in ihrer Jugendphase pessimistischer, wenn es um die Einschätzung einer zünftigen Arbeitslosigkeit geht, und machen sich auch im frühen Erwerbsleben häufiger Sorgen um die Sicherheit ihres Arbeitsplatzes. Diese intergenerationale Ähnlichkeit lässt sich auf innerfamiliale Sozialisationsprozesse in der Jugendphase zurückführen und hat das Potenzial zu einem besseren Verständnis der Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit über Generationen beizutragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
An interview study of early job insecurity and consequences for the transition to adulthood (2017)
Stoilova, Rumiana ; Ilieva-Trichkova, Petya; Krasteva, Veneta; Boyadjieva, Pepka; Nyagolov, Lachezar; Yordanova, Gabriela;Zitatform
Stoilova, Rumiana, Pepka Boyadjieva, Petya Ilieva-Trichkova, Veneta Krasteva, Gabriela Yordanova & Lachezar Nyagolov (2017): An interview study of early job insecurity and consequences for the transition to adulthood. (NEGOTIATE working paper 5.3), Oslo, 66 S.
Abstract
"The transition to adulthood is a process which poses various hardships to young people and in which they need to take significant decisions about their future life. When this process coincides with economic and financial crisis, with political and labour market transformation, the situation of the youth is further hampered.
Against this background, the present report focuses on the job insecurity among the youth in Europe and investigates its consequences for the transition to adulthood. It uses information from 209 life course interviews from seven European countries (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Norway, Poland and the United Kingdom). Drawing on these data, it has elaborated several patterns of the effects of the situation of early job insecurity on young people's scope for exercising active agency in relation to education, occupation/employment and family formation. We have differentiated between two groups of patterns - of realized and of impossible agency. In the group of patterns of realized agency, we included the following patterns of realized interactions with institutions and individuals: self-relying agency, institutionally-enabled agency, informally-enabled agency and social commitment-enabled agency. In the group of patterns of impossible agency, we classified: disoriented and unmotivated agency, hampered agency, and blocked agency.
This report also explores the main aspects of marginalization and social exclusion which deteriorate young people's scope for exercising active agency (and resilience) in the process of negotiating labour market situation and transition to adulthood. These aspects are analysed at three levels - micro, meso and macro. Thus, at micro level we focus on the low educational and occupational level, the lack of material resources, low autonomy and deteriorated mental/physical well-being. At meso level, we pay attention to the limited or restricted social capital, the limited institutional and NGO support and the insufficient regional and local opportunities. At macro level, we discuss the insufficient or ineffective policies related to education, employment and family.
This report also analyzes mechanisms of gendered labour market outcomes. More specifically, it discusses several situations which provoke considerable difficulties for women seeking satisfying employment, such as: motherhood (early motherhood and single mothers), care work and the need for work life balance, subjective perceptions of the interviewed on the scarring signals on the side of the employers and discrimination, based on gender and ethnicity as well as the chances for upward social mobility from a generational and gender perspective. The report results have clear policy implications. First, it points to the need for elaborating policies - both at local and national level - that directly or indirectly have a positive effect on the capabilities sets of young people with respect to three interrelated dimensions of capabilities related to work, education and autonomy. Second, it suggests that multiple exclusion, resulting from deprivation based on gender, ethnic origin, and class, be taken into account when assessing the effect of youth policies at European, national and local level. Finally, it proposes that socially-responsible business, which is engaged not only in charity but in the formation of the labour potential of employees, should be highlighted and motivated to continue its commitment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungsanpassung nach Mindestlohneinführung: Minijobs wurden teilweise umgewandelt, aber auch zulasten anderer Stellen (2017)
Zitatform
Vom Berge, Philipp & Enzo Weber (2017): Beschäftigungsanpassung nach Mindestlohneinführung: Minijobs wurden teilweise umgewandelt, aber auch zulasten anderer Stellen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 11/2017), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Zum 1. Januar 2015 wurde in Deutschland der allgemeine gesetzliche Mindestlohn von 8,50 ?Euro pro Stunde eingeführt. Erste Analysen des IAB haben gezeigt, dass es Auswirkungen insbesondere auf geringfügige Beschäftigung gab. Dieser Kurzbericht analysiert die Beschäftigungsdynamik bei Einführung des Mindestlohns auf betrieblicher Ebene. Er zeigt, wie sich Betriebe kurzfristig an die neuen Gegebenheiten angepasst haben und wie sich die Struktur der Beschäftigung nach der Mindestlohneinführung verändert hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Explaining consequences of employment insecurity: the dynamics of scarring in the United Kingdom, Poland and Norway (2016)
Abebe, Dawit Shawel; Shi, Lulu P. ; Bussi, Margherita; Buttler, Dominik ; Michon, Piotr; Hyggen, Christer; O'Reilly, Jacqueline; Imdorf, Christian ;Zitatform
Abebe, Dawit Shawel, Margherita Bussi, Dominik Buttler, Christer Hyggen, Christian Imdorf, Piotr Michon, Jacqueline O'Reilly & Lulu P. Shi (2016): Explaining consequences of employment insecurity. The dynamics of scarring in the United Kingdom, Poland and Norway. (NEGOTIATE working paper 6.2), Oslo, 48 S.
Abstract
"The working paper presents the study on scarring effects of early employment insecurities.
This study goes beyond the traditional analysis to better understand the trade-offs experienced by young workers faced with an insecure labour market integration. The studies from the UK, Poland and Norway pay a special attention to gender and education as potential moderating variables of scarring effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
IT-based technical change and job instability (2016)
Behaghel, Luc; Moschion, Julie;Zitatform
Behaghel, Luc & Julie Moschion (2016): IT-based technical change and job instability. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 118, H. 1, S. 79-104. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12129
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of IT diffusion on the stability of employment. We document the evolution of different components of job instability over a panel of 348 cities in France, from the mid-1970s to the early 2000s. The evidence goes against the view that the diffusion of IT has spurred job instability. Yet, analysing long-term differences in the occupational structure, we find that IT diffusion has increased the share of high-skill occupations at the expense of low-skill occupations. This is consistent with French firms' reliance on their internal labour market to meet the new skill requirements associated with IT diffusion." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding the subjective consequences of early job insecurity in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Buttler, Dominik, Piotr Michon, Sara Ayllón Gatnau & Carolina Zuccotti (2016): Understanding the subjective consequences of early job insecurity in Europe. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.3), Oslo, 37 S.
Abstract
"The transition to adulthood is a process which poses various hardships to young people and in which they need to take significant decisions about their future. When this process coincides with economic and financial crisis, with political and labour market transformation, the situation of the youth is further hampered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The evolution of job stability and wages after the implementation of the Hartz reforms (2016)
Giannelli, Gianna C.; Rothe, Thomas; Jaenichen, Ursula;Zitatform
Giannelli, Gianna C., Ursula Jaenichen & Thomas Rothe (2016): The evolution of job stability and wages after the implementation of the Hartz reforms. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 269-294., 2016-08-05. DOI:10.1007/s12651-016-0209-x
Abstract
"Seit den Hartz-Reformen in den Jahren 2003 bis 2005 gibt es Hinweise auf eine gestiegene Ungleichheit im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Anhand der Indikatoren Stabilität und Entlohnung untersuchen wir die Qualität von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, die im Zeitraum von 1998 bis 2010 begonnen haben. Mit administrativen Daten aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiographien analysieren wir die Verteilungen und modellieren individuelle Determinanten von Beschäftigungsdauern und Löhnen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf ein hohes Maß an Stabilität in den Beschäftigungsdauern, einen Rückgang des Lohnniveaus und einen Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit während und nach der Periode der Hartz-Reformen hin." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Jaenichen, Ursula; -
Literaturhinweis
Dual labor markets at work: the impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability (2016)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Boris (2016): Dual labor markets at work. The impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability. In: ILR review, Jg. 69, H. 5, S. 1191-1215. DOI:10.1177/0019793915625214
Abstract
"Fitting duration models on an inflow sample of jobs in Germany starting in 2002 to 2010, the author investigates the impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability. In line with dual labor market theory, the author finds that nontemporary jobs are significantly more stable when employers use temporary agency workers. The rise in job stability stems mainly from reduced transitions into nonemployment, suggesting that nontemporary workers are safeguarded against involuntary job losses. The findings are robust to controlling for unobserved permanent employer characteristics and changes in the observational window that comprises the labor market disruption of the Great Recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries (2016)
Hora, Ondrej; Sirovátka, Tomá¿; Horáková, Markéta;Zitatform
Hora, Ondrej, Markéta Horáková & Tomá¿ Sirovátka (2016): Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.4), Oslo, 69 S.
Abstract
"In the European labour market, young people have been disproportionally affected by job insecurity indicated by unemployment, inactivity, job precariousness and fragmented careers during and after the economic crisis of 2008. This may be crucial for their ability to maintain a living income and to live a decent life on their present and future life course. The increasing polarisation in the labour market may become a persistent structural feature in the conditions of the changing employment structures and flexibilization of labour. This challenge was recognised at the EU level when Youth Opportunities Initiative (2011), Youth Employment Package (2012) and Youth Guarantee (2013) were launched and underpinned with financing from ESF schemes. The European countries, however, have experienced very different impacts of the crisis on their labour markets (Karamessini et al. 2016). Similarly, the initial responses in active labour market policies (ALMPs) to the crisis also diverged considerably (Clasen et al 2012). The question arises about the longer-term adaptations of labour market policy and other policies to the challenge of increasing early job insecurity and the associated structural changes in the labour market.
The aim of this paper is to assess in nine national contexts how recent reforms in labour market institutions and policies and the skill formation systems may have affected the incidence of early job insecurity and the patterns of labour market entry/integration of young women and men. Job insecurity as understood here includes two dimensions: (a) insecurity of maintaining the current job, (b) insecurity of getting another job in the future, that is, job insecurity and employment insecurity (compare Chung and van Oorschot 2011)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The shifting job tenure distribution (2016)
Hyatt, Henry R.; Spletzer, James R.;Zitatform
Hyatt, Henry R. & James R. Spletzer (2016): The shifting job tenure distribution. (IZA discussion paper 9776), Bonn, 49 S.
Abstract
"There has been a shift in the U.S. job tenure distribution toward longer-duration jobs since 2000. This change is apparent both in the tenure supplements to the Current Population Survey and the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics matched employer-employee data. A substantial portion of these changes are caused by the ageing of the workforce and the decline in the entry rate of new employer businesses. We show that the tenure distribution is a function of historical hiring rates and tenure-specific separation rates, and we use this framework to show that the shift in the tenure distribution is accounted for primarily by declines in the hiring rate, which are concentrated in the labor market downturns associated with the 2001 and 2007-2009 recessions. We also find that the increase in average real earnings since 2007 is less than what would be predicted by the shift toward longer-tenure jobs; this reflects declines in tenure-held-constant real earnings. Regression estimates of the returns to job tenure provide no evidence that the shift in the job tenure distribution is being driven by better matches between workers and employers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of the economic crisis in determining the degree of early job insecurity in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Karamessini, Maria, Maria Symeonaki & Glykeria Stamatopoulou (2016): The role of the economic crisis in determining the degree of early job insecurity in Europe. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.3), Oslo, 76 S.
Abstract
"The present study examines the dynamics of early job insecurity before and during the crisis on the basis of the estimation of transition probabilities between labour market states and part-time/ full-time employment, with raw data drawn from the EU's Labour Force Survey (EULFS) and the EU's Survey on Living and Income Conditions (EU-SILC). Additionally, it serves the purpose of comparing patterns of labour market entry of young individuals during the crisis with those before the crisis, taking also gender into account in order to detect differences, if any, between the probability of a male or female young individual to move from school to employment and its evolution over time. It also considers whether the crisis has generated convergence or divergence in early job insecurity across Europe. Moreover, the evolution of the average age of young people leaving education and the labour fluidity of young individuals are estimated, in order to examine whether they have changed during the years of the crisis and to what extent. A number of different methodological approaches are used and the results uncover the significant differences between countries, when one considers the transition probabilities between labour market states and the school-to-work probabilities and their evolution over time. Differences are also evident in a number of early job insecurity indices and their changes between 2008 and 2015." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Angst der Mittelschicht vor dem sozialen Abstieg: eine Längsschnittanalyse 1984-2014 (2016)
Zitatform
Lengfeld, Holger & Jessica Ordemann (2016): Die Angst der Mittelschicht vor dem sozialen Abstieg. Eine Längsschnittanalyse 1984-2014. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 862), Berlin, 30 S.
Abstract
"Seit Mitte des ersten Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts wird in der Öffentlichkeit über die Krise der Mittelschicht in Deutschland diskutiert. Behauptet wird, dass sich die Mittelschicht zunehmend vor sozialem Abstieg fürchte. Die Prüfung dieser These steht im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes. Dazu werden Befunde aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und der Armutsforschung referiert, denen zufolge Beschäftigungsunsicherheiten, die zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre nur für gering qualifizierte Erwerbspersonen typisch waren, nunmehr auch in Mittelschichtberufe einsickern. Zugleich wird ein Übergreifen von Abstiegsängsten auf Angehörige der Mittelschicht vermutet, die selbst nicht aktuell von Vertragsbefristungen oder unfreiwilligen Erwerbsunterbrechungen betroffen sind ('Spill Over'-Effekt). Mithilfe von SOEP-Daten 1984 bis 2007 werden deskriptive und multivariate Analysen unter Verwendung der empfundenen Sorge vor Arbeitsplatzverlust durchgeführt. Deskriptiv wird gezeigt, dass nur das mittlere Segment der Mittelschicht, die durchschnittlich qualifizierten Angestellten mit Routineaufgaben, einen im Zeitverlauf überproportionalen Anstieg an Abstiegsangst aufweisen. Panel-Regressionen zeigen, dass dieser Anstieg auch dann bestehen bleibt, wenn man u. a. den Erwerbskontext, die Branchenzugehörigkeit, den Haushaltskontext und weitere soziodemografische Merkmale eines Befragten berücksichtigt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre ein zeitlicher Anstieg der Abstiegsangst der mittleren Mitte, der erwerbsstrukturell nicht erklärt werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment?: a cross-national comparison (2016)
Zitatform
Vilhena, Daniela Vono de, Yuliya Kosyakova, Elina Kilpi-Jakonen & Patricia McMullin (2016): Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment? A cross-national comparison. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 97-117., 2014-10-17. DOI:10.1177/0950017014561335
Abstract
"The objective of this article is to analyse the effect of acquiring a new formal qualification as an adult (measured as an upgrade or a side-step) on the likelihood of being in non-precarious employment. Three countries with similar longitudinal datasets are compared: Spain, the UK and Russia. The results indicate that adult education is beneficial in the three countries; with differences, however, depending on the definition of precarious employment used and the (previous) employment status of individuals. The findings suggest that the differences among countries are related to different labour market structures: adult education has a clearer beneficial impact on accessing and remaining in non-precarious employment in more flexible employment systems than in more rigid insider-outsider economies, where labour trajectories are strongly determined by what happens during the first years after school." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of product market competition on job security (2015)
Aparicio-Fenoll, Ainhoa;Zitatform
Aparicio-Fenoll, Ainhoa (2015): The effect of product market competition on job security. In: Labour economics, Jg. 35, H. August, S. 145-159. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.05.007
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of product market competition on job security. I use differences between types of labor contracts to measure job security. The effect of competition on the use of different types of labor contracts is identified by changes in legislation that lead to exogenous shifts in competition. Using both worker data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey and firm data from the Spanish Business Strategies Survey, I show that job security decreases with competition. A one standard deviation increase in competition decreases the probability that a worker switches to a more secure labor contract by at least 22%." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job tenure in turbulent times (2015)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Rahel Felder, Hanna Frings, Matthias Giesecke & Sylvi Rzepka (2015): Job tenure in turbulent times. Dublin, 103 S. DOI:10.2806/420768
Abstract
"This report describes the findings of a study of change in job tenure between 2002 and 2012 in the EU. The study examined change in mean tenure as well as the distribution of short and long tenure in the EU and in individual Member States. It also looked at differences in tenure according to different sociodemographic and job characteristics (gender, age, skill level, permanent and temporary employment, occupation and economic sector), examining in particular how tenure evolved before and during the economic and financial crisis. The link between job tenure and earnings was also investigated. Although the descriptive evidence did not reveal a decline in mean tenure or a decline in the relative importance of long-term employment relationships, analyses controlling for certain sociodemographic and job characteristics provided some evidence of an underlying trend of declining average tenure in EU Member States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
The rise of a latin model?: family and fertility consequences of employment instability in Italy and Spain (2015)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Rossella Bozzon, Stefani Scherer, Raffaele Grotti & Michele Lugo (2015): The rise of a latin model? Family and fertility consequences of employment instability in Italy and Spain. In: European Societies, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 423-446. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2015.1064147
Abstract
"This paper analyses how unstable employment influences becoming a mother in Italy and Spain. Results suggest that institutional factors foster dynamics of social inequality and hinder family formation. We show that in southern Europe (Italy and Spain), but not in other institutional contexts, the lack of employment stability produces a delay in fertility decision. We attribute this impact of the employment situation on demographic decisions to the sub-protective southern European welfare systems and the insider - outsider labor market configuration, as enhanced by the partial and targeted labor market deregulations of recent decades. In the context of low levels of welfare, unstable employment often comes with persistently reduced entitlement to social and welfare rights, and, therefore, with notable social and demographic consequences. We provide support for this institutional argument by showing that fertility decisions are independent of employment stability in other contexts. Analyses are based on longitudinal data using event history analysis and simultaneous equation models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Worried sick? Worker responses to a financial shock (2015)
Bratberg, Espen; Monstad, Karin;Zitatform
Bratberg, Espen & Karin Monstad (2015): Worried sick? Worker responses to a financial shock. In: Labour economics, Jg. 33, H. April, S. 111-120. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.02.003
Abstract
"Excessive sickness absence may hurt productivity and put a strain on public finances. One explanation put forward for increasing absence rates is that a tougher labour market represents a health hazard. A competing hypothesis is that loss of job security works as a disciplinary device. We use a financial shock that hit the public sector in Norway in 2007 in some, but not all, municipalities to identify the effect of reduced job security on sickness absence. Public sector workers in municipalities that were not affected are used as a control group in a difference-in-differences analysis. In addition, trends in sickness absence of public and private sector employees are compared, in a triple difference-in-differences analysis. We find that sickness absence among public employees decreased considerably in the year after the shock in the affected municipalities. The results survive a number of robustness checks. The evidence is strongest for women, and consistent with a hypothesis that reduced job security has a disciplining effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job satisfaction, age and tenure: a generalized dynamic random effects model (2015)
Zitatform
Chaudhuri, Kausik, Kevin T. Reilly & David A. Spencer (2015): Job satisfaction, age and tenure. A generalized dynamic random effects model. In: Economics letters, Jg. 130, H. May, S. 13-16. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.017
Abstract
"This paper examines the effects of age and tenure on job satisfaction. We estimate a generalized dynamic random effects ordered probit model using the British Household Panel Survey. Contrary to previous literature, we find that age has no significant impact on job satisfaction for females, and a limited impact for males who report higher levels of job satisfaction. We also find that tenure shares a non-monotonic relationship with job satisfaction for females. For males, the same result is found only at higher levels of job satisfaction. Our results suggest that age and tenure effects on job satisfaction vary with gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do job control, support, and optimism help job insecure employees?: a three-wave study of buffering effects on job satisfaction, vigor and work-family enrichment (2015)
Cheng, Ting; Mauno, Saija; Lee, Cynthia;Zitatform
Cheng, Ting, Saija Mauno & Cynthia Lee (2015): Do job control, support, and optimism help job insecure employees? A three-wave study of buffering effects on job satisfaction, vigor and work-family enrichment. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 118, H. 3, S. 1269-1291.
Abstract
"Job insecurity (threat of job loss) is widespread and becomes a permanent phenomenon for a lot of employees. Based on the response of 926 Finnish employees, this study investigated the direct lagged relationship between job insecurity, coping resources (job control, social support, and optimism), and employees' work- (vigor at work and job satisfaction) and family-related outcomes (work-family enrichment). Particular interest was in the moderating role of job control, support, and optimism in the job insecurity - employee outcome relationship. Our analyses of three-wave longitudinal data, collected in 2008, 2009, and 2010, showed that job control was the strongest lagged buffer against job insecurity in relation to vigor at work. In addition, social support longitudinally buffered against the negative effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction and vigor at work. However, optimism did not function as a buffering factor in any of the tested models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fertility and economic instability: the role of unemployment and job displacement (2015)
Zitatform
Del Bono, Emilia, Andrea Weber & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2015): Fertility and economic instability: the role of unemployment and job displacement. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 463-478. DOI:10.1007/s00148-014-0531-y
Abstract
"In this paper, we study the separate effects of unemployment and job displacement on fertility in a sample of white collar women in Austria. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show that unemployment incidence as such has no negative effect on fertility decisions, but the very fact of being displaced from a career-oriented job has. Fertility rates for women affected by a firm closure are significantly below those of a control group, even after 6 years, and this is so irrespective of the incidence or the duration of the associated unemployment spell." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and the unemployment rate: micro- and macro-level predictors of perceived job insecurity among Finnish employees 1984 - 2008 (2015)
Ellonen, Noora; Nätti, Jouko;Zitatform
Ellonen, Noora & Jouko Nätti (2015): Job insecurity and the unemployment rate. Micro- and macro-level predictors of perceived job insecurity among Finnish employees 1984 - 2008. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 51-71. DOI:10.1177/0143831X13495720
Abstract
"In this article several micro-level determinants and the unemployment rate as macro-level determinant of perceived job insecurity are studied among Finnish employees from 1984 to 2008. The main questions are: Is the unemployment rate a significant macro-level determinant in different times, what is the most relevant unit for measuring unemployment - region or industry - , and does the effect of the micro- and macro-level determinants vary over time? The findings suggest that industry-related characteristics are more important than regional characteristics in explaining job insecurity. Perceived job insecurity is explained by micro-level determinants as well as unemployment rate as macro-level determinant. The effects, however, vary over time: the meaning of industry-related characteristics decreases and the meaning of individual-level characteristics increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit im Erwerbsverlauf: eine Sequenzmusteranalyse westdeutscher Paneldaten (2015)
Erlinghagen, Marcel; Lübke, Christiane;Zitatform
Erlinghagen, Marcel & Christiane Lübke (2015): Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit im Erwerbsverlauf. Eine Sequenzmusteranalyse westdeutscher Paneldaten. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 44, H. 6, S. 407-425.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, eine Form der subjektiven Erwerbsunsicherheit, nämlich die individuellen Sorgen um den Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes, zu untersuchen. Während es eine Vielzahl von Befunden zur Entwicklung objektiver Erwerbsverläufe gibt, beschränkt sich die bisherige Forschung zur subjektiven Erwerbsunsicherheit weitestgehend auf Querschnittanalysen. Deshalb ist auch kaum etwas darüber bekannt, wie häufig bzw. wie lange sich Arbeitnehmer Sorgen um ihre Beschäftigung machen. Dieser Beitrag möchte helfen, diese Lücke zu schließen, indem mithilfe einer Sequenzmusteranalyse der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) typische Unsicherheitsverläufe identifiziert und beschrieben werden. Dauerhaft große Sorgen, den Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren, erweisen sich als selten, jedoch berichtet fast jeder dritte Beschäftigte von chronischer Unsicherheit. Zudem zeigt sich, dass subjektive Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit nur z. T. mit objektiv prekären Beschäftigungsbedingungen einhergeht." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
Weiterführende Informationen
Online-Anhang -
Literaturhinweis
A steady job?: the UK's record on labour market security and stability since the millennium (2015)
Gregg, Paul; Gardiner, Laura;Zitatform
Gregg, Paul & Laura Gardiner (2015): A steady job? The UK's record on labour market security and stability since the millennium. (Resolution Foundation report), London, 33 S.
Abstract
"- Job stability - as measured by median employment tenure - has risen over the past two decades. This has been driven by more women returning to the same employer after having children, and older people staying in work for longer.
- Job mobility - the rate at which people move between jobs - is falling. This may well signal possible progression and promotion blockages in the labour market, which could hinder the career prospects of young people and risks permanently scarring their earnings.
- The report finds no evidence of rising job insecurity - a broader measure which includes an assessment of contract terms, pay and hours. However, there is evidence that a sizeable minority are facing particularly acute forms of precariousness. Insecurity appears to have deepened rather than broadened.
- Finally, the overall picture on security and stability masks big differences between the genders and generations. For older workers and particularly women the trend has been towards more secure and stable employment; for young people things are moving in the wrong direction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungsstruktur und Zufriedenheit von Zeitarbeitnehmern in Deutschland (2015)
Zitatform
Grund, Christian, Johannes Martin & Axel Minten (2015): Beschäftigungsstruktur und Zufriedenheit von Zeitarbeitnehmern in Deutschland. In: Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 138-169.
Abstract
"Auf Basis von Daten des Deutschen Sozio-Ökonomischen Panels der Jahre 2001 bis 2012 untersuchen wir Determinanten einer Zeitarbeitsbeschäftigung sowie möglicher Erklärungsansätze für Unterschiede in der Arbeits- und Lebenszufriedenheit zwischen Arbeitnehmern in Zeitarbeit im Vergleich zu Normalbeschäftigten und zu arbeitslosen Personen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass frühere Zeiten von Arbeitslosigkeit die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Zeitarbeitsbeschäftigung deutlich steigern. Zudem führen Zeitarbeitnehmer eher Tätigkeiten aus, für die sie nicht passend qualifiziert sind. Die niedrigere Arbeitszufriedenheit von Zeitarbeitern im Vergleich zu Normalbeschäftigten lässt sich vor allem auf Unterschiede in individuellen Merkmalen und auf eine als deutlich stärker empfundene Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit zurückführen, während ihre Lebenszufriedenheit auch unter Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren signifikant geringer ist. Jedoch äußern Zeitarbeitnehmer eine deutlich höhere Lebenszufriedenheit als arbeitslose Personen. Eine explizite Analyse der Übergänge zwischen den Beschäftigungsstatus bestätigt diese Ergebnisse" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring, wages and job security of temporary workers (2015)
Zitatform
Görg, Holger & Dennis Görlich (2015): Offshoring, wages and job security of temporary workers. In: Review of world economics, Jg. 151, H. 3, S. 533-554. DOI:10.1007/s10290-015-0220-2
Abstract
"Temporary contracts have become an important mode of employment in many countries. We investigate the impact of offshoring on individual level wages and unemployment probabilities and pay particular attention to the question if workers with temporary contracts are affected differently than workers with permanent contracts. Data are taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel, linked with industry level data on offshoring. We do not find systematic differences between temporary and permanent workers with respect to the effects of offshoring for wages. We find, however, that offshoring increases the unemployment risk of low-skilled workers, and more so for temporary than permanent workers. Also, offshoring reduces the unemployment risk for all high- and medium-skilled workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
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Literaturhinweis
Dual labour markets at work: the impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability (2015)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Boris (2015): Dual labour markets at work. The impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability. (IZA discussion paper 8804), Bonn, 27 S.
Abstract
"Fitting duration models on an inflow sample of jobs in Germany starting in 2002-2010, this paper investigates the impact of employers' use of temporary agency work on regular workers' job stability. In line with dual labour market theory, I find that non-temp jobs are significantly more stable if employers utilise temps. The rise in job stability stems mainly from reduced transitions into non-employment suggesting that non-temp workers are safeguarded against involuntary job losses. My findings are robust to controlling for unobserved permanent employer characteristics and changes in the observational window that includes the labour market disruption of the Great Recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: LASER discussion papers , 85 -
Literaturhinweis
The effect of job insecurity on labour supply (2015)
Zitatform
Jara, H. Xavier (2015): The effect of job insecurity on labour supply. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 187-204.
Abstract
"The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of job insecurity on labour supply. We propose a discrete choice model of labour supply, in which the choice alternatives are characterised by bundles of income, hours of work and job insecurity. The results show that job insecurity has a negative and significant effect on individuals' utility. Moreover, once job insecurity is included in the discrete choice alternatives, the predictive power of the model improves significantly. Labour supply elasticities are significantly higher than those obtained with a traditional model and increase with the level of job insecurity. Finally, a decrease of job insecurity at work has a positive and significant effect on participation. Policies aimed at improving working conditions could, in this sense, be useful to create incentives in labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New job matches and their stability before and during the crisis (2015)
Nagore, Amparo García; Soest, Arthur van;Zitatform
Nagore, Amparo García & Arthur van Soest (2015): New job matches and their stability before and during the crisis. (IZA discussion paper 9574), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"Using administrative records data from the Spanish Social Security Administration, we analyse the nature and stability of job matches starting in two different years: during the economic boom in 2005, and during the recession in 2009. We compare the individual and job and firm characteristics in the two samples and estimate Mixed Proportional Hazard Models distinguishing job-to-job, job-to-unemployment, and other transitions. We find that job-to-job transitions are pro-cyclical, while unemployment transitions are counter-cyclical. Individuals most affected by the economic crisis tend to be young males, living in regions with high unemployment rates, with low qualifications and working in manual occupations (particularly construction), and (especially Spanish speaking) immigrants. The positive relation between job stability and firm size is stronger during the recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Feelings of dual-insecurity among European workers: a multi-level analysis (2015)
Zitatform
Oorschot, Wim van & Heejung Chung (2015): Feelings of dual-insecurity among European workers. A multi-level analysis. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 23-37. DOI:10.1177/0959680114523199
Abstract
"This article analyses European Social Survey data for 22 countries. We assess the relationship between feelings of employment and income insecurity (dual-insecurity) among workers and national flexicurity policies in the areas of lifelong learning, active labour market policy, modern social security systems and flexible and reliable contractual arrangements. We find that dualinsecurity feelings are lower in countries that score better on most flexicurity polices, but these effects are in all cases outweighed by levels of GDP per capita. Thus feelings of insecurity are reduced more by the affluence of a country than by its social policies. However, affluence is strongly correlated with the policy efforts designed to reduce insecurity, especially active labour market policies and lifelong learning, two policy areas that are threatened with cuts as a result of austerity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of changing youth employment patterns on future wages (2015)
Umkehrer, Matthias;Zitatform
Umkehrer, Matthias (2015): The impact of changing youth employment patterns on future wages. (IAB-Discussion Paper 31/2015), Nürnberg, 54 S.
Abstract
"Ich untersuche die Beschäftigungsverläufe von deutschen Ausbildungsabsolventen, wie sich frühe Beschäftigungsstabilität auf spätere Löhne auswirkt, und wie sich dieser Zusammenhang seit den späten 1970er Jahren verändert hat. In den Daten zeigt sich seit den späten 1980er Jahren ein Rückgang der Stabilität von Beschäftigung innerhalb der frühen Erwerbsphase. Indem ich zeitliche Abweichungen im Wirken von makroökonomischen Schocks zur Identifikation von wahrer Zustandsabhängigkeit nutze, finde ich, dass stabile Beschäftigung in einer frühen Phase des Erwerbslebens signifikant positive Lohneffekte nach sich zieht. Diese Renditen sind besonders im unteren Bereich der Verteilung zukünftiger Löhne ausgeprägt, und haben während den 1990er Jahren inbesondere in diesem Bereich merklich zugenommen. Demzufolge würde eine Absicherung des Übergangs von Ausbildung in den Arbeitsmarkt das spätere Lohnwachstum insbesondere von Personen mit einem geringen Lohnpotential fördern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Umkehrer, Matthias; -
Literaturhinweis
Is job insecurity compensated for by employment and income security? (2014)
Zitatform
Berglund, Tomas, Bengt Furåker & Patrik Vulkan (2014): Is job insecurity compensated for by employment and income security? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 35, H. 1, S. 165-184. DOI:10.1177/0143831X12468904
Abstract
"The so-called flexicurity approach suggests that security for employees can be successfully combined with flexibility for organizations and companies. This article studies if affective job insecurity (worry about losing one's job) is compensated for by perceptions of employment security (possibilities of finding an equal or better job) and income security. Data derive from a survey carried out in 2010 among employees in Sweden. The main findings are that cognitive job insecurity (the perceived risk of job loss) increases affective job insecurity, whereas both employment and income security have the opposite effect. Moreover, cognitive job insecurity and employment security interact, implying that the effect of cognitive job insecurity on affective job insecurity is reduced in the presence of employment security but is reinforced in the absence of it. These results are discussed in relation to the flexicurity approach, concluding that flexicurity may be a risky venture for employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexibility, performance and perceptions of job security: a comparison of East and West German employees in standard employment relationships (2014)
Zitatform
Bernhardt, Janine & Alexandra Krause (2014): Flexibility, performance and perceptions of job security: a comparison of East and West German employees in standard employment relationships. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 285-304. DOI:10.1177/0950017013490335
Abstract
"This article examines the determinants of perceived job security in German standard employment relationships (SER). Although SERs still dominate and shape the labour market, they have undergone several modifications in the recent past. Using survey data from 2006, the article examines how work organizations and particularly multiple workplace demands influence the perceived job security of employees in SERs. The article also asks whether - 20 years after reunification - structural and cultural differences still exist between East and West Germany. The results show that employees in East German SERs are more willing to accept flexibility and performance requirements. The article suggests that a new psychological contract has emerged, which promises long-term employment only if employees eventually meet the new workplace demands. Yet the overall lower job security of East Germans, fuelled by lower trust in their employers' information policies, indicates the fragile nature of this arrangement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does job insecurity deteriorate health?: a causal approach for Europe (2014)
Caroli, Eve; Godard, Mathilde;Zitatform
Caroli, Eve & Mathilde Godard (2014): Does job insecurity deteriorate health? A causal approach for Europe. (IZA discussion paper 8299), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"This paper estimates the causal effect of perceived job insecurity - i.e. the fear of involuntary job loss - on health in a sample of men from 22 European countries. We rely on an original instrumental variable approach based on the idea that workers perceive greater job security in countries where employment is strongly protected by the law, and relatively more so if employed in industries where employment protection legislation is more binding, i.e. in industries with a higher natural rate of dismissals. Using cross-country data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey, we show that when the potential endogeneity of job insecurity is not accounted for, the latter appears to deteriorate almost all health outcomes. When tackling the endogeneity issue by estimating an IV model and dealing with potential weak-instrument issues, the health-damaging effect of job insecurity is confirmed for a limited subgroup of health outcomes, namely suffering from headaches or eyestrain and skin problems. As for other health variables, the impact of job insecurity appears to be insignificant at conventional levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment insecurity and life satisfaction: The moderating influence of labour market policies across Europe (2014)
Zitatform
Carr, Ewan & Heejung Chung (2014): Employment insecurity and life satisfaction: The moderating influence of labour market policies across Europe. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 383-399. DOI:10.1177/0958928714538219
Abstract
"This article tests whether the link between employment insecurity and life satisfaction is moderated by the generosity of labour market policies across Europe. Employment insecurity provokes anxieties about (a) the difficulties of finding a new job and (b) alternative sources of non-work income. These components can be related to active and passive labour market policies, respectively. Generous policy support is thus expected to buffer the negative consequences of employment insecurity by lowering the perceived difficulty of finding a similar job or providing income maintenance during unemployment. Based on data for 22 countries from the 2010 European Social Survey, initial support for this hypothesis is found. Perceived employment insecurity is negatively associated with life satisfaction but the strength of the relationship is inversely related to the generosity of labour market policies. Employment insecurity, in other words, is more harmful in countries where labour market policies are less generous." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of employment growth: new evidence from 18 countries (2014)
Criscuolo, Chiara; Menon, Carlo; Gal, Peter N.;Zitatform
Criscuolo, Chiara, Peter N. Gal & Carlo Menon (2014): The dynamics of employment growth. New evidence from 18 countries. (OECD science, technology and industry policy papers 14), Paris, 96 S. DOI:10.1787/5jz417hj6hg6-en
Abstract
"Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CEP discussion paper , 1274 -
Literaturhinweis
Employment trajectories in Germany: do firm characteristics and regional disparities matter? (2014)
Zitatform
Dütsch, Matthias & Olaf Struck (2014): Employment trajectories in Germany. Do firm characteristics and regional disparities matter? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 47, H. 1-2, S. 107-127., 2013-12-16. DOI:10.1007/s12651-014-0156-3
Abstract
"Die Lebensverlaufsforschung betont die Bedeutung individueller Faktoren sowie des endogenen Kausalzusammenhangs für den Erwerbsverlauf. Demnach bestimmt insbesondere der Einstieg in die Erwerbsphase zukünftige Chancen und Risiken im Erwerbsleben. Allerdings ist zu berücksichtigen, dass Arbeitskräfte innerhalb spezifischer Rahmenbedingungen agieren. So werden deren Erwerbsverläufe durch betriebliche Gelegenheitsstrukturen geprägt. Zudem handeln Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitgeber in unterschiedlich strukturierten Regionen. Schließlich sind auch konjunkturelle Einflüsse zu beachten. Deshalb richtet der vorliegende Artikel den Fokus auf die Untersuchung struktureller Einflussfaktoren. Um strukturelle und konjunkturelle Determinanten abbilden zu können, wurde ein Linked Employer-Employee Datensatz des IAB und Daten zu regionalen Charakteristika auf Ebene der Raumordnungsregionen verknüpft. Die Auswertung der hierarchisch geclusterten Daten wurde anhand von Mehrebenenmodellen durchgeführt. Zunächst wurden die Einflussfaktoren auf die Beschäftigungsstabilität und danach die Determinanten von Aufstiegen, lateraler Mobilität und Abstiegen bei direkten Betriebswechseln sowie von Übergängen in Arbeitslosigkeit erforscht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die zweifellos vorhandenen endogenen Kausalzusammenhänge im Erwerbsverlauf dann an Bedeutung verlieren, wenn Beschäftigte sich strukturelle Einflussfaktoren zunutze machen können: Demnach wirken betriebliche Investitionstätigkeiten in Weiterbildung sowie in die Infrastruktur positiv auf Erwerbsverläufe. Betriebsräte und Personalvertretungen erhöhen vor allem in einer guten konjunkturellen Situation die Beschäftigungsstabilität. Hingegen können eine ungünstige Organisationsdemografie sowie die intensive Nutzung von Befristungen zur Destabilisierung des Erwerbsverlaufs führen. In einer konjunkturellen Abschwungphase bieten dichter besiedelte Räume bessere Beschäftigungsoptionen, während in ländlichen Gegenden Beschäftigungs- und Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiken herrschen. Von einer hohen regionalen Humankapitalausstattung profitieren im Aufschwung alle Qualifikationsgruppen, während im Abschwung eine Segregation bezüglich der Qualifikationsgruppen zu beobachten ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Accumulation of employment instability among partners: evidence from six EU countries (2014)
Zitatform
Grotti, Raffaele & Stefani Scherer (2014): Accumulation of employment instability among partners. Evidence from six EU countries. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 627-639. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcu063
Abstract
"Growing employment insecurity has stimulated much research in social science, most of which describes the characteristics of insecure employment and investigates the career consequences for individuals. However, the consequences of insecure employment are moderated by the household context. Relatively little is known about the accumulation or compensation of insecure labour situation on the household level. We investigate if the household/family is able to compensate for market risks, most importantly unemployment or unstable employment, cushioning negative effects through a partner providing a stable income, or whether instead patterns of risk accumulation prevail. We use EU labour force surveys from 1992 to 2010 for six European countries, analysing the household employment situations, the partner's effect on an individual's employment situation, and possible mechanisms behind this. Evidence is provided for accumulation of risks in all six countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unmasking the conflicting trends in job tenure by gender in the United States, 1983 - 2008 (2014)
Hollister, Matissa N.; Smith, Kristin E.;Zitatform
Hollister, Matissa N. & Kristin E. Smith (2014): Unmasking the conflicting trends in job tenure by gender in the United States, 1983 - 2008. In: American Sociological Review, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 159-181. DOI:10.1177/0003122413514584
Abstract
"Americans are convinced that employment stability has declined in recent decades, but previous research on this question has led to mixed conclusions. A key challenge is that trends for men and women are in opposite directions and appear to cancel each other out. We clarify this situation by examining trends in employer tenure by sex, marital status, and parental status. We find that married mothers are behind the increase in women's job tenure, but men and never-married women have seen declines in tenure. Furthermore, we show that the timing of tenure trends for women parallels periods of increased labor force attachment. Finally, we find that shifts in industry and occupation composition can account for the decline in tenure among men and never-married women before 1996 but not afterward. We situate these diverging trends in two broad shifts in expectations, norms, and behaviors in the labor market: the end-of-work discourse and the revolution in women's identification with paid work. Our findings support the view that job tenure is declining for all groups, but women's greater labor force attachment, especially their more continuous employment around childbirth, countered and masked this trend." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hartz sei Dank?: Stabilität und Entlohnung neuer Jobs nach Arbeitslosigkeit (2014)
Jaenichen, Ursula; Rothe, Thomas;Zitatform
Jaenichen, Ursula & Thomas Rothe (2014): Hartz sei Dank? Stabilität und Entlohnung neuer Jobs nach Arbeitslosigkeit. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 67, H. 3, S. 227-235., 2014-03-07. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2014-3-227
Abstract
"Mit den Hartz-Reformen wurden umfassende Veränderungen der Institutionen des Arbeitsmarkts durchgeführt. Sie setzten sowohl an der Angebots- als auch auf der Nachfrageseite an, um den Arbeitsmarkt flexibler und aufnahmefähiger zu machen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht anhand der Entlohnung von Vollzeitbeschäftigten und der Beschäftigungsdauer, inwieweit sich die Qualität neu begonnener Beschäftigungsverhältnisse im Anschluss an eine Arbeitslosigkeit im Zeitraum von 1998 bis 2009/2010 in Westdeutschland verändert hat. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen bei zuvor Arbeitslosen wie bei neu Beschäftigten insgesamt einen deutlichen Rückgang der Reallöhne im Zeitablauf. Die Beschäftigungsdauern blieben während und nach den Hartz-Reformen weitgehend stabil. Zuvor Arbeitslose nehmen Beschäftigungen mit geringerer Entlohnung und kürzeren Beschäftigungsdauern an. Mit zunehmender Dauer der vorhergehenden Arbeitslosigkeit werden tendenziell noch schlechter bezahlte und bei Männern auch instabilere Beschäftigungen aufgenommen. In einzelnen Perioden des Untersuchungszeitraums lässt sich insbesondere für zuvor Langzeitarbeitslose eine weitere Verschlechterung der Qualität der neuen Beschäftigung feststellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Jaenichen, Ursula; -
Literaturhinweis
Why do employees worry about their jobs?: a meta-analytic review of predictors of job insecurity (2014)
Keim, Alaina C.; Landis, Ronald S.; Pierce, Charles A.; Earnest, David R.;Zitatform
Keim, Alaina C., Ronald S. Landis, Charles A. Pierce & David R. Earnest (2014): Why do employees worry about their jobs? A meta-analytic review of predictors of job insecurity. In: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 269-290. DOI:10.1037/a0036743
Abstract
"We used psychological contract theory as a framework to meta-analytically review subjective and objective predictors of employees' perceived job insecurity. Seventy-six samples from 68 studies were included in our review. Results revealed that lower levels of job insecurity are associated with having an internal locus of control, lower amounts of role ambiguity and role conflict, greater amounts of organizational communication, less organizational change, younger employees, and white-collar and permanent work. Moderator analyses further revealed that relations between job insecurity and age, gender, education, and formal contracts are moderated by unemployment rates, countries of origin, and type of job insecurity measure. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for psychological contract theory and occupational health, and offer directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Workplace training in Germany and its impact on subjective job security: short- or long-term returns? (2014)
Kohlrausch, Bettina; Rasner, Anika;Zitatform
Kohlrausch, Bettina & Anika Rasner (2014): Workplace training in Germany and its impact on subjective job security. Short- or long-term returns? In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 337-350. DOI:10.1177/0958928714538216
Abstract
"Based on data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study, this article analyses the effects of workplace training in Germany on subjective job security. Using fixed-effects models, this article tests whether workplace training has positive effects on perceived job security, and if so, whether the returns are of a short- or long-term nature. The results confirm a positive effect of workplace training on perceived job security, not only in the short term but in the long term as well. The inclusion of interaction terms for different levels of education shows that low-educated individuals benefit most from participation in workplace training. The immediate effect on subjective job security is strongest, and the post-training effect is most sustained for this group compared to those with higher levels of education. Lower-educated employees often lack access to workplace training, however. The authors conclude that workplace training has the potential to be a mutually beneficial investment for both employers and employees. More targeted policy incentives should aim at enhancing access to workplace training, most importantly for the low-educated, as for them training might be an effective means for improved employment prospects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-perceived job insecurity across Europe over time: does changing context matter? (2014)
Lübke, Christiane; Erlinghagen, Marcel;Zitatform
Lübke, Christiane & Marcel Erlinghagen (2014): Self-perceived job insecurity across Europe over time. Does changing context matter? In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 319-336. DOI:10.1177/0958928714538215
Abstract
"Self-perceived job insecurity is characterised by a considerable variation across European countries; this is mostly attributed to different labour market conditions and welfare-state institutions. In addition to the previous, often static examination of these determinants, this study asks how labour market dynamics and changes in welfare-state interventions are linked to individuals' perceptions of job insecurity. It is argued that the changing context represents a set of shared experiences that serves as a frame of reference for the perception of job insecurity. Hence, time series of context indicators provided by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and data from the European Social Survey are used to conduct multilevel analyses. The results reveal that job insecurity is dynamic, as it increases in countries facing an economic crisis, such as Greece, but decreases in countries with prosperous development like Poland. Furthermore, the results reveal that the past development of the labour market and changes in welfare-state interventions contribute to the explanation of individuals' perceptions of job insecurity. The response to these changes differs, however, depending on the dimension of job insecurity and the socioeconomic characteristics of the workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity, employability, and health: an analysis for Germany across generations (2014)
Otterbach, Steffen; Sousa-Poza, Alfonso;Zitatform
Otterbach, Steffen & Alfonso Sousa-Poza (2014): Job insecurity, employability, and health. An analysis for Germany across generations. (IZA discussion paper 8438), Bonn, 27 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we use 12 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine the relationship between job insecurity, employability and health-related well-being. Our results indicate that being unemployed has a strong negative effect on life satisfaction and health. They also, however, highlight the fact that this effect is most prominent among individuals over the age of 40. A second observation is that job insecurity is also associated with lower levels of life satisfaction and health, and this association is quite strong. This negative effect of job insecurity is, in many cases, exacerbated by poor employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
OECD employment outlook 2014 (2014)
Saint-Martin, Anne; Keese, Mark; Hijzen, Alexander; Inanc, Hande ; Cazes, Sandrine; Broecke, Stijn; Quintini, Glenda; Falco, Paolo; Bassanini, Andrea; Menyhert, Balint;Zitatform
Saint-Martin, Anne, Mark Keese, Alexander Hijzen, Hande Inanc, Sandrine Cazes, Stijn Broecke, Glenda Quintini, Paolo Falco, Andrea Bassanini & Balint Menyhert Saint-Martin, Anne, Mark Keese, Alexander Hijzen, Hande Inanc, Sandrine Cazes, Stijn Broecke, Glenda Quintini, Paolo Falco, Andrea Bassanini & Balint Menyhert (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2014): OECD employment outlook 2014. (OECD employment outlook), Paris, 289 S. DOI:10.1787/empl_outlook-2014-en
Abstract
"The 2014 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook provides an in-depth review of recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD countries. It zooms in on how the crisis has affected earnings, showing that the low paid have not been spared from a substantial slowdown in real wage growth. While more subdued earnings growth can help to restore competitiveness and employment growth, which is essential to drive down unemployment, the quality of the jobs being created also matters. The complexity of job quality can be captured through three dimensions: earnings; labour market security; and quality of the work environment. There are large differences across countries in each of these dimensions, but there is no need to trade off job quality for quantity: some countries manage to do well on both counts. Non-regular employment can have an adverse impact on job quality, especially in terms of employment security and the difficulties of moving to a job with a permanent contract. Reform to employment protection legislation is necessary in some countries to reduce high levels of non-regular jobs. Skills are a key determinant of a person's chances of working in a highquality job, as new results from the OECD's international Survey of Adult Skills show. This depends not just on the skills workers already have, but also on how these skills are used in the workplace, which in turn reflects countries' labour market institutions and policies.
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Zusammenfassung. -
Literaturhinweis
Labour market policy and its effects on subjective well-being and reemployment stability in Europe (2014)
Wulfgramm, Melike;Zitatform
Wulfgramm, Melike (2014): Labour market policy and its effects on subjective well-being and reemployment stability in Europe. Bremen, 143 S.; 1,86 MB.
Abstract
"This dissertation analyses the effects of labour market policy on subjective well-being and social inclusion of the unemployed as well as employment stability once the unemployment spell is finished. In the first research stage, the treatment effect of participation in the German work creation scheme One-Euro-Jobs on life satisfaction and perceptions of social inclusion are studied using microeconometric panel methods. It is shown that active labour market policy (ALMP) measures can moderate the social exclusion of long-term unemployed and can thus foster their subjective well-being. However, ALMP cannot fully substitute the psychosocial functions of regular employment. In the second research stage, multilevel as well duration analyses show how country differences in well-being of the unemployed and their reemployment stability can be traced back to national differences in labour market policy. Especially the generosity of unemployment benefits is strongly and positively associated with reemployment stability and subjective well-being of the unemployed in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))