Zitatform

Fossen, Frank M. & Thorsten Martin (2018): Entrepreneurial dynamics over space and time. In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 70, H. May, S. 204-214. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.04.004

Zitatform

Fritsch, Michael, Martin Obschonka, Michael Wyrwich, Samuel D. Gosling, Peter J. Rentfrow & Jeff Potter (2018): Regionale Unterschiede der Verteilung von Personen mit unternehmerischem Persönlichkeitsprofil in Deutschland. Ein Überblick. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 65-81. DOI:10.1007/s13147-018-0519-2

Abstract

"Neuere Forschungen brachten deutliche Hinweise auf regional unterschiedliche Ausprägungen bestimmter Persönlichkeitsmerkmale in der Bevölkerung. Solche regionalen Unterschiede bei prägenden Verhaltenseigenschaften einer Bevölkerung können wesentlich zur Erklärung einer regionalen Entwicklung beitragen. Wir geben einen Überblick über regionale Unterschiede von unternehmerischen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen in der Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Es zeigt sich eine Reihe von hochsignifikanten regionalen Verschiedenheiten der Persönlichkeitsprofile, allerdings erweist sich die Effektstärke als relativ gering. Insgesamt deuten die Befunde darauf hin, dass die regionalen Unterschiede sowohl auf selektive Migration als auch auf Sozialisationseffekte zurückgeführt werden können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Fritsch, Michael & Michael Wyrwich (2018): Regional knowledge, entrepreneurial culture, and innovative start-ups over time and space. An empirical investigation. In: Small business economics, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 337-353. DOI:10.1007/s11187-018-0016-6

Abstract

"We investigate the role of entrepreneurship culture and the historical knowledge base of a region on current levels of new business formation in innovative industries. The analysis is for German regions and covers the time period 1907-2014. We find a pronounced positive relationship between high levels of historical self-employment in science-based industries and new business formation in innovative industries today. This long-term legacy effect of entrepreneurial tradition indicates the prevalence of a regional culture of entrepreneurship. Moreover, local presence and geographic proximity to a technical university founded before the year 1900 is positively related to the level of innovative start-ups more than a century later. The results show that a considerable part of the knowledge that constitutes an important source of entrepreneurial opportunities is deeply rooted in history. We draw conclusions for policy and for further research." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Fu, Kun, Anne-Sophie Larsson & Karl Wennberg (2018): Habitual entrepreneurs in the making. How labour market rigidity and employment affects entrepreneurial re-entry. In: Small business economics, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 465-482. DOI:10.1007/s11187-018-0011-y

Abstract

"We investigate the impact of country-level labour market regulations on the re-entry decision of experienced entrepreneurs, whereby they become habitual entrepreneurs. Multilevel logit models on entry decisions among 15,709 individuals in 29 European countries show that labour market regulations have a positive influence on the decision to re-enter into entrepreneurship. This positive impact is stronger among individuals holding wage jobs at the time of re-entry compared to those that do not. Our results indicate that novice and habitual entrepreneurs may respond very differently to labour market rigidity. We discuss and provide tentative explanations for these differences and outline potential policy implications." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Grimpe, Christoph, Ulrich Kaiser & Wolfgang Sofka (2018): Signaling valuable human capital. Advocacy group work experience and its effect on employee pay in innovative firms. (IZA discussion paper 11649), Bonn, 56 S.

Abstract

"The performance of innovative firms depends crucially on innovations that are quickly and widely adopted by customers. Yet, stakeholder concerns or protests can create important barriers to diffusion. We study the human capital aspect of this strategic challenge and investigate whether innovative firms pay salary premiums to new hires with work experience from advocacy groups like Greenpeace or Transparency International that represent stakeholders. We integrate strategic human capital with stakeholder theory and suggest that advocacy group work experience creates signals for valuable human capital in terms of stakeholder knowledge, as well as legitimacy transfers for innovative firms. Using matched data for 3,562 employees in Denmark, we find that new hires of innovative firms with advocacy group experience enjoy larger salary premiums at technologically leading firms, in occupations with direct stakeholder interaction, and for advocacy group top management. Our findings have implications for strategic human capital and stakeholder interaction decision making." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Huggins, Robert, David Waite & Max Munday (2018): New directions in regional innovation policy. A network model for generating entrepreneurship and economic development. In: Regional Studies. Journal of the Regional Studies Association, Jg. 52, H. 9, S. 1294-1304. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2018.1453131

Abstract

"Lifting the economic performance of lagging regions continues to puzzle economic development practitioners and analysts. As a means of contributing some solutions to this puzzle, this paper examines a policy intervention that promotes regional development through a public - private-sector initiative that uses a network model to catalyze innovation-driven entrepreneurship. It focuses on a programme operated by the Alacrity Foundation in the region of Wales, UK. The paper argues that Alacrity's model offers a novel means of attempting to facilitate regional development through a programme that intertwines elements relating to entrepreneurship, innovation, and network policy and practice. It is novel in the sense that it seeks to de-risk the entrepreneurial and innovation process in a regional environment that is not traditionally strong in this respect. It is concluded that such programmes indicate that policy is beginning to embrace a number of ideas emerging from theoretical work on the drivers of regional innovation and growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kohn, Karsten & Solvejg A. Wewel (2018): Skills, scope, and success: An empirical look at the start-up process in creative industries in Germany. (IZA discussion paper 11650), Bonn, 45 S.

Abstract

"Creative industries comprise enterprises focusing on the creation, production, and distribution of creative or cultural goods and services. Following an explorative empirical approach, we analyze start-ups in creative industries regarding three issues along the startup process: (1) personal characteristics of creative entrepreneurs, (2) their use of labor and capital as input factors, and (3) start-up success as measured by start-up survival, degree of innovativeness, and change in household income. Based on individual-level data from the KfW Start-up Monitor, a large-scale survey on entrepreneurship in Germany, our regression results show that entrepreneurs in creative industries tend to be younger and better educated than entrepreneurs in other economic sectors. Businesses in creative industries are prevalently started on a small scale, as part-time occupations, and with less financial resources. Yet they show a higher persistence and an above-average degree of innovativeness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lange, Joachim & Ursula Rust (Hrsg.) (2018): Alterssicherung für Soloselbstständige in Zeiten der Digitalisierung. (Loccumer Protokoll 2017,32), Rehburg-Loccum: Evangelische Akademie Loccum, 276 S.

Abstract

"Bereits in den 1990er Jahren ist die Anzahl der sog. 'Soloselbstständigen', d.h. der Kleinstunternehmer, die keine Angestellten beschäftigen gestiegen. Der Anstieg beschleunigte sich aber insbesondere in den Jahren von 2002 bis 2005. Es gab bereits in der vorletzten Legislaturperioden Bemühungen, das Thema anzugehen. Nachdem diese scheiterten, wurde das Thema in der letzten Legislaturperiode wieder aufgegriffen und konkrete Regelungsvorschläge entwickelt. Um die Diskussionen über solche Regelungsvorschläge und die bei ihrer Weiterentwicklung zu beachtenden Probleme voranzubringen, veranstaltete die Evangelische Akademie Loccum gemeinsam mit dem Bremer Institut für Gender-, Arbeits- und Sozialrecht und der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung im Frühjahr 2017 einen Workshop, dessen Vorträge der vorliegende Band dokumentiert." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Lergetporer, Philipp, Jens Ruhose & Lisa Simon (2018): Entry barriers and the labor market outcomes of incumbent workers. Evidence from a deregulation reform in the German crafts sector. (IZA discussion paper 11857), Bonn, 70 S.

Abstract

"We study the labor market outcomes of a deregulation reform in Germany that removed licensing requirements to become self-employed in some occupations. Using longitudinal social security data, we implement a matched difference-in-differences design with entropy balancing to account for observable characteristics and unobserved individual heterogeneity. The reform tripled the number of businesses within ten years and led to slower earnings growth and higher unemployment for incumbent workers in deregulated occupations. However, the reform effect seems rather small, which we attribute to the relatively low competitiveness of new businesses. Supporting this view, the reform did not lead to overall employment growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lorig, Philipp (2018): Handwerk als prekäres Unternehmertum. Soloselbstständige zwischen Autonomie und radikaler Marktabhängigkeit. (Labour Studies 17), Frankfurt: Campus-Verl., 311 S.

Abstract

"Immer mehr soloselbstständige Handwerker bieten ihre Dienstleistungen auf Internetportalen an. Für ihre Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt zahlen sie einen hohen Preis: unsichere Lebensplanung, radikale Marktabhängigkeit und Konkurrenzdruck. Sie kommen aus dem Niedriglohnbereich nicht raus und haben keine Aussicht auf eine staatliche Altersvorsorge. Das Ideal der Selbstverwirklichung verkehrt sich in sein Gegenteil. Letztlich bringt das postfordistische Produktionsmodell, wie Philipp Lorig in seiner Studie zeigt, ein neues Tagelöhnertum hervor, das auf längst überwunden geglaubte Arbeitsformen zurückgreift." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Mühlböck, Monika, Julia-Rita Warmuth, Marian Holienka & Bernhard Kittel (2018): Desperate entrepreneurs: no opportunities, no skills. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 14, H. 4, S. 975-997. DOI:10.1007/s11365-017-0472-5

Abstract

"Promoting entrepreneurship has become an important policy strategy in Europe in the hope to stimulate the crisis-shaken economy. In this paper, we caution against undue expectations. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for 17 European countries, we find that a considerable proportion of the new entrepreneurs have started a business despite a negative perception of business opportunities as well as lack of confidence in their own entrepreneurial skills. This proportion has increased during the economic crisis, especially in those countries which were particularly affected by economic downturn and rising unemployment. We extend existing entrepreneurship theories to account for this phenomenon, which we call 'nons-entrepreneurship'. Testing the hypotheses derived from our model, we find that the primary motivation for these people to turn to entrepreneurship is the lack of other options to enter the labour market during the economic crisis. Still, this sort of 'desperate' entrepreneurship does not equal necessity based entrepreneurship, warranting further research." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Nolan, Anne & Alan Barrett (2018): The role of self-employment in Ireland's older workforce. (IZA discussion paper 11663), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"A feature of employment at older ages that has been observed in many countries, including Ireland, is the higher share of self-employment among older labour force participants. This pattern of higher self-employment rates at the end of the labour market career may reflect lower rates of retirement among the self-employed compared to employees, as well as transitions into self-employment at older ages. In this paper, we use data from four waves of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), spanning the period 2010-2016, to examine both the characteristics of the older self-employed in Ireland and the determinants of transitions in employment states at older age. We find that the higher proportion of self-employed people at older ages in Ireland results from lower retirement rates among the self-employed and not from transitions from employment to self-employment. This is in contrast to other countries such as the US where transitions into self-employment are more prevalent. We find that the self-employed are older, more likely to be male, and significantly less likely to have any form of supplementary pension cover than the employed. These lower retirement rates and lower degrees of pension cover suggest that standard approaches to pension provision may be less effective in proving attractive to the self-employed in Ireland." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Runst, Petrik, Kaja Fredriksen, Till Proeger, Kilian Bizer, Katarzyna Haverkamp, Klaus Müller & Jörg Thomä (2018): Ökonomische Effekte der Deregulierung der Handwerksordnung im Jahr 2004. (ifh working paper 2018,13), Göttingen, 17 S.

Abstract

"Die deutsche Handwerksordnung regelt die Unternehmensgründung in handwerklichen Berufen durch die Vorgabe verpflichtender Qualifikationsstandards. Im Jahr 2004 wurde der Marktzugang im Handwerk durch eine Novellierung der Handwerksordnung dereguliert, sodass für mehr als die Hälfte aller Handwerksberufe seitdem keine Meisterpflicht mehr gilt. Seit der Reform wird eine politische und wissenschaftliche Diskussion zu den einzel- und gesamtwirtschaftlichen Effekten dieser Deregulierung geführt. Fast fünfzehn Jahre nach der Deregulierung können aus den bisherigen Studien grundlegende Effekte abgeleitet werden und Forschungslücken definiert werden, um die weitere wirtschaftspolitische Diskussion wissenschaftlich zu fundieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst dafür die theoretischen Grundpositionen und die empirischen Studien zur Entwicklung des deutschen Handwerkssektors nach der Deregulierung zusammen und formuliert anschließend zu schließende Forschungslücken zur umfassenden wirtschaftspolitischen Bewertung der Handwerksreform." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Schad, Miriam & Nicole Burzan (2018): Intergenerationale Statusstabilisierung in der Mittelschicht. Eine exemplarische Analyse zweier Unternehmensfamilien. In: WestEnd. Neue Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, Jg. 15, H. 1, S. 99-108.

Abstract

"In dem vorliegenden Beitrag richten wir exemplarisch den Blick auf zwei Unternehmensfamilien. Wir gehen dabei der Frage nach, welche berufsfeldspezifischen und familialen Mentalitäten sich in der Generationenfolge beobachten lassen und in welchem Zusammenhang diese mit dem Statuserhalt über drei Generationen hinweg stehen. Daran schließen sich konzeptionelle Überlegungen für die Erforschung von Dynamiken des Statuserhalts in der Mittelschicht an. Die Nebeneinanderstellung dieser beiden Familien ermöglicht es, in Form eines Vergleichs von Primär- und Sekundärdaten' explorativ Indizien zu ermitteln, welche Mentalitäten (etwa familiale Traditionen, Werte und Ähnliches) eine Rolle für die Statusreproduktion spielen. Kulturelle Dimensionen der Statusweitergabe sind (in ihrer Verknüpfung mit Ressourcen) in dieser Perspektive relevant. Die dargestellten Unternehmensfamilien sind von besonderem Interesse, da von ambivalenten Bedingungen geprägt: In den Familien bietet sich einerseits durch das Unternehmen eine prinzipielle Strukturgelegenheit für die Statusnachfolge, andererseits ist aber angesichts stetiger Konkurrenzkämpfe auf dem Markt und normativer Vorstellungen individualisierter Biografien eine 'einfache' Statustransformation (für alle Geschwisterkinder) nicht selbstverständlich. Die familiale Statusreproduktion in der Generationenfolge der beiden Unternehmensfamilien wird im Hinblick auf zwei Fragen betrachtet:
1. Durch welche Mechanismen und Strategien wird (vor dem Hintergrund welcher wahrgenommenen Bedingungen) über drei Generationen hinweg familiale Kontinuität geschaffen oder durchbrochen?
2. Gibt es dabei einen Zusammenhang von intergenerational tradierten Mentalitäten und Statuskontinuität und wie kommen diese Dimensionen im Umgang mit dem Nachfolgeprozess zum Ausdruck?" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Schneck, Stefan (2018): Times are a changin'? The emergence of new firms and rank persistence. (Institut für Mittelstandsforschung. Working paper 2018,01), Bonn, 47 S.

Abstract

"Young firms are known to grow at a faster rate than incumbents. With administrative firm data from Germany, we show that the higher growth rates indeed translate into upward mobility within the firm size distribution. Young firms are therefore not only able to catch up, but also to grow larger in absolute values. Recentered infl uence function regression results reveal that young firms cause significant rank mobility within the stock of firms, which even holds when the local skewness of the firm size distribution is accounted for. The results clearly indicate a Schumpeterian growth process where young firms challenge established ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Smallbone, David, Hang Do, Robert Blackburn, Iñigo Isusi, Antonio Corral Alza, Jessica Durán López & Valentina Patrini (2018): Born globals and their value chains. Future of manufacturing. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 71 S. DOI:10.2806/751260

Abstract

"This report explores the motivations, opportunities and challenges of born globals and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in integrating and managing their global value chains (GVCs). The study also investigates the role of selected policy measures in supporting SME internationalisation, including different types of support in Europe and beyond. The analysis shows how such interventions can be improved to better address the needs of born globals and internationalising SMEs. An in-depth analysis of seven case studies of European born globals and their international partners together with 28 policy measures cross Europe, Australia, USA, Japan and Korea was undertaken. The report considers the barriers to internationalisation and offers suggestions for policy development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Tian, Can (2018): Firm-level entry and exit dynamics over the business cycles. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 102, H. February, S. 298-326. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.12.011

Abstract

"This paper presents a set of facts on the cyclicality of firm births and deaths in the U.S. during the period 1979-2013. Asymmetry in the cyclicality between firm birth and firm death is observed: aggregate firm birth is generally significantly procyclical, while the (counter-)cyclicality in firm death is ambiguous and sensitive to the choice of cyclical indicator. Such a pattern exists within the majority of sectors as well and is mainly driven by small firms. Young firms are the main contributors to the findings on firm death activity. Further examination along the time-dimension discovers a reason for the contemporaneous cyclicality (or lack thereof) which can be documented as a new fact: firm births positively lead the usual business cycle measures and firm deaths positively lag them. Moreover, cyclicality in business openings and closings differs from establishment level to firm level due to the internal adjustment of continuing firms." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

OECD (2018): Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs 2018. An OECD scoreboard. (Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs 07), Paris, 200 S. DOI:10.1787/fin_sme_ent-2018-en

Abstract

"Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2018 contributes to filling the knowledge gap in SME finance trends and conditions. This annual publication provides information on debt, equity, asset-based finance, and conditions for SME and entrepreneurship finance, complemented by an overview of recent policy measures to support access to finance. By providing a solid evidence base, the report supports governments in their actions to foster SME access to finance and encourages a culture of policy evaluation. The 2018 report covers 43 countries world-wide. In addition to the core indicators on SME financing, it provides additional information on recent developments in capital market finance for SMEs, crowdfunding and related activities, and findings of demand-side surveys. It contains a thematic chapter on the evaluation of publicly supported credit guarantee schemes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bijedić, Teita, Simone Chlosta, Sebastian Nielen & Arndt Werner (2017): Mind the gap: Institutional and individual antecedents of entrepreneurial trajectories in the academic context. (Institut für Mittelstandsforschung. Working paper 2017,03), Bonn, 8 S.

Abstract

"This study analyses institutional, job-related, and individual antecedents of entrepreneurial activities from a longitudinal perspective. We take a holistic look at the start-up process incorporating entrepreneurial gestation activities (nascent entrepreneurship) and finally business creation (entrepreneurship) by combining two waves of a survey with a time interval of three years. Focusing on researchers reporting an entrepreneurial intention in wave one we found for example that pull factors as motivation to start a business reduce the probability to give up the business idea. Furthermore having generated an invention prevents researchers with a business idea from becoming a so-called 'quitter' and pushes them towards starting their own business." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Criscuolo, Chiara, Peter N. Gal & Carlo Menon (2017): Do micro start-ups fuel job creation? Cross-country evidence from the DynEmp Express database. In: Small business economics, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 393-412. DOI:10.1007/s11187-016-9778-x

Abstract

"Exploiting a novel database recently built from national business registers by the OECD with the support of an international network of experts, this paper investigates the growth dynamics of micro-firms (employing less than ten workers) across 16 countries. Results show that only a small proportion of micro-firms manage to grow beyond ten employees, but those contribute disproportionately to overall job creation. Econometric analysis focusing in particular on the role of age confirms that young micro-firms - especially those below 3 years of age - are much more likely to grow above ten employees than older firms. These findings are remarkably stable over the three time periods considered (2001-2004, 2004-2007, and 2007-2010), i.e., also during the Great Recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))