Bedingungsloses und solidarisches Grundeinkommen – Konzepte in der Diskussion
Trotz günstiger Beschäftigungslage laufen Langzeitarbeitslose immer noch Gefahr, den Anschluss an den ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu verlieren. Zudem gibt es die Sorge, dass sich diese Entwicklung durch den technologischen Wandel noch verstärken wird. Wäre ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen die richtige Antwort? Kann ein solidarisches Grundeinkommen das Bürgergeld nach SGB II weiterentwickeln oder sogar ablösen? Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema zusammen und wirft einen Blick auf die aktuelle Diskussion.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing (2023)
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia;Zitatform
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia (2023): Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing. (Publications of the London School of Economics and Political Science), London, 64 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines Spain's minimum income scheme (MIS) introduced in 2020 and its impact on households' objective and subjective financial wellbeing. The study addresses two key motivations. First, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of MISs in improving households' financial wellbeing despite the renewed interest prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, ecological transition and cost-of-living crisis. Second, existing literature primarily focuses on objective measures of financial wellbeing like monetary poverty, but it is crucial to understand how income improvements through MISs are perceived by households. These subjective perceptions play a significant role in people's health, productivity and decision-making and provide insights into adaptation mechanisms and spillover effects on non-recipients. The study uses Eurostat survey data aggregated at the national level from 2010 to 2022, employing a Synthetic Control Method analysis. Results show that during the initial year and a half of implementation, the policy had no statistically significant effect on households' material conditions (e.g. poverty rate, poverty gap and mean income). However, after two and a half years, it did considerably improve how households perceive the evolution of their finances. The paper discusses mechanisms explaining this differential impact, including the policy's phased implementation, benefit enhancements from 2022 onwards as well as anticipation, placebo and positive spillover effects of the MIS. The findings highlight the importance for practitioners to consider subjective financial wellbeing when assessing MISs" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement: Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology' (2023)
Zitatform
Brand, Richard A. (2023): Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement. Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology'. (BestMasters), Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer VS, IX, 108 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40584-7
Abstract
"Die Rufe nach einer ‚öffentlichen Soziologie' werden jüngst lauter. Sollte die Soziologie sich für die Verbreitung ihres Wissens und die Zivilgesellschaft engagieren? Oder sind gerade Zurückhaltung und wissenschaftliche Autonomie von Nutzen für die Gesellschaft? Die Arbeit von Richard A. Brand eröffnet einerseits lebendige Einblicke in die Praxis öffentlicher Soziologie: Im November 2018 versammelten sich über 100 Personen im Theaterhaus Jena beim sogenannten ‚DialogForum'. Diese vermutlich erste große öffentliche Soziologieveranstaltung im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde vom Autor vorliegender Arbeit moderiert und mitorganisiert. Das Veranstaltungskonzept und die Erwartungen der Teilnehmenden werden hier rekonstruiert. Anderseits wird, etwa mit Rückgriff auf Max Webers Wissenschaftslehre, Michael Burawoys Konzept der ‚Public Sociology' kritisch unter die Lupe genommen. Im Ergebnis scheint weniger die Rolle einer Soziologie als zivilgesellschaftliche Anwältin oder Aktivistin zu überzeugen, sondern die einer Orientierungsstifterin und Moderatorin, die Dialogräume schafft. Der Autor Richard A. Brand studierte Soziologie, Geografie und Bildungswissenschaften in Hamburg, Prag und Jena mit Abschluss M.A. Soziologie. Er ist als selbständiger Trainer und Moderator tätig. Darüber hinaus verantwortet er die Weiterbildung einer international tätigen NGO." (Verlagsangaben)
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Literaturhinweis
Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen (2023)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R., Adrian Rinscheid & Jürgen Schupp (2023): Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 90, H. 21, S. 246-253. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2023-21-1
Abstract
"Eine repräsentative Befragung aus dem August 2022 bestätigt die hohe Popularität in der Bevölkerung für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen (BGE). Zwischen 45 und 55 Prozent der Befragten stimmen für die Einführung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens mit dem vermeintlichen Versprechen von finanzieller Sicherheit ohne Verpflichtungen. Wer genau die Unterstützer*innen eines BGE sind und welches Modell sie bevorzugen, zeigen zwei repräsentative Befragungen aus dem August 2022. Sie belegen, dass vor allem jüngere Altersgruppen sowie Personen mit geringen Einkünften und mit großen Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Situation die Idee eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens unterstützen. Eine der in diesem Wochenbericht analysierten Erhebungen zeigt, dass die meisten Befragten sich ein Grundeinkommen von 1 200 Euro ohne Restriktionen wünschen. Zur staatlichen Finanzierung eines Grundeinkommens findet der Vorschlag die meiste Unterstützung, die Einkommen- und Vermögensteuern für Reiche anzuheben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares (2023)
Zitatform
Chrisp, Joe, Aida Garcia-Lazaro & Nick Pearce (2023): Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares. (FRIBIS discussion paper series 2023,1), Freiburg, 60 S.
Abstract
"In recent decades, most OECD countries have seen a significant decline in the labour share, as well as an increase in inequality. The decline in the labour share and the rise in inequality poses several problems for such countries, whether related to distributive justice, economic and social outcomes, such as deficient aggregate income and demand, or democratic politics. In this report, we focus on the role of technological change as a central driver of the decline in the labour share and explore its contingency: both across contexts and across definitions/operationalisations of technology. With respect to the latter, we distinguish between perspectives that place physical capital and investment in automation and ICT at the centre of technological change on the one hand, and the growth of the knowledge economy and intangible capital on the other. Meanwhile, following work by Baccaro and Pontusson (2016), and more recently Hassel and Palier (2021), we utilise the concept of 'growth regimes' to analyse how the effects of technology are mediated and moderated by national political-economic institutions. This approach allows us to test more nuanced arguments about the role of technological change in the decline in the labour share and to discuss the likely effects, and political feasibility, of policy solutions such as universal basic income (UBI) that are often advanced as an answer to increased automation and lower returns to labour. The following issues provide the basis for our research questions: 1. To what extent is technological change responsible for the decline in the labour share? 2. What is the role of growth regimes in moderating the effect of technology on the labour share? 3. Are results consistent across different conceptions and definitions of technological change? 4. What policy solutions are available to tackle these trends and issues? 5. Does technological change strengthen the case for and the feasibility of a universal basic income? This work builds on previous policy briefs and reports by the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) on UBI and technological change, namely the September 2019 report by Dr Luke Martinelli entitled 'Basic income, automation and labour market change' (Martinelli, 2019a). That report summarised the evidence regarding the effects of technology on labour markets and the case for UBI in such a light. Empirical analysis, however, focused on political economy questions concerning the political constituency for a UBI and policy trade-offs in design across EU countries using microsimulation analysis. Here, our empirical strategy is instead focused on questions about the effect of technology on the labour share, enabling us to re-pose the question of how a UBI could serve as a tool for combating growing inequality, income and demand deficiency, and labour market dysfunction in global economies. Future empirical research at the IPR will focus more comprehensively on the fifth and final research question above, namely estimating the macroeconomic effects of a UBI, including one funded using sovereign money. Next, we introduce three central ideas in the report - the decline in the labour share, technological change and growth regimes - before briefly outlining the consequences for policy debates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction (2023)
Zitatform
D'Alessandro, Simone, Tiziano Distefano, Guilherme Spinato Morlin & Davide Villani (2023): Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction. (JRC working papers on social classes in the digital age / Joint Research Centre (Seville site) 2023-09), Sevilla, 24 S.
Abstract
"Several studies argue that the latest advancements in technology could result in a continuous decrease in the employment level, the labour share of income and higher inequalities. This paper investigates policy responses to the rise of labour-saving technologies and their potential negative effects on employment and inequality. Using EUROGREEN (an Input-Output-Stock-Flow model), we assess how three different policy measures – basic income (BI), job guarantee (JG), and working time reduction without loss of payment (WTR) – could affect the economy in the wake of a technological shock. We build different scenarios in which the effects of these policies are implemented against a reference setting of high labour productivity growth. We evaluate the impact of these policies on per capita GDP, the Gini coefficient, the labour share, the unemployment rate, and the deficit-to-GDP ratio. We find that these policies could be effective in counterbalancing some of the negative effects of labour-saving technologies. JG reduces the level of unemployment significantly and permanently, whereas BI and WTR only temporarily affect the unemployment rate. WTR effectively increases the wage share and generates the lowest deficit-to-GDP ratio in the long run. The introduction of a wealth tax further reduces inequality and helps to offset the increase in public spending associated with JG and BI. A mix of these policies delivers the highest per capita GDP, lowest unemployment rate, and best distributive outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf (2023)
Promberger, Markus;Zitatform
Promberger, Markus (2023): Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.07.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230710.01
Abstract
"Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen, so sehen es viele seiner Befürworter, eröffnet den Menschen den Weg vom „Reich der Notwendigkeit“ ins „Reich der Freiheit“, indem es sie vom ökonomischen Arbeitszwang befreit. Wer so argumentiert, verkennt, dass Arbeit ein Grundelement der menschlichen Existenz ist. Zugleich entlässt er die Arbeitgeber aus ihrer Verantwortung, Vollzeitbeschäftigten existenzsichernde Löhne zu bezahlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Promberger, Markus; -
Literaturhinweis
A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income (2023)
Zitatform
Rincón, Leire (2023): A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 375-399. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2021.2007983
Abstract
"Support for universal basic income is one of the key conundrums of the politics of welfare reform. Research shows that the predictors of UBI favourability also explain support for other policy alternatives, which differ substantially from a UBI, like targeted or conditional cash transfers. What is attractive or objectionable about a UBI to individuals, and which policy alternatives does public opinion actually prefer? In this paper, I tackle these questions with a conjoint experiment conducted in Spain. The results show that the universality of UBI, i.e., the fact that it is given to everyone, is what generates opposition. On the other hand, its unconditionality or the idea that it does not attach any conditions to recipients, is not particularly unpopular. However, the results also reveal that progressive funding mechanisms and restricting eligibility criteria to citizens only, can boost approval for this policy. These results have far-reaching implications for the study of welfare preferences, UBI support and theories on deservingness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? (2023)
Schneider, Hilmar;Zitatform
Schneider, Hilmar (2023): Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 9–10, S. 773-776. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.9-10.773
Abstract
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit und bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen sind staatliche Antworten auf das Problem einer verfestigten Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit, bei der es einem Anteil von Menschen dauerhaft schwerfällt, prinzipiell vorhandene Arbeitsmarktchancen für sich zu nutzen. Sind die Jobcenter auch bemüht, den Betroffenen eine passende Hilfe anzubieten, so sind die Erfolgsaussichten bescheiden. Sollte man es also besser lassen, den Betroffenen zu helfen? Sollte der Sozialstaat stattdessen Menschen alimentieren, obwohl sie in der Lage wären, ihren Beitrag zur individuellen Existenzsicherung zu leisten? Das ist eine über Wahlen zu entscheidende normative Grundsatzfrage. Wissenschaft kann nur aufzeigen, was zu erwarten ist, wenn sich eine Gesellschaft für diese oder jene Handlungsoption entscheidet. 'Aktuelle Studien des IAB belegen eindrucksvoll, wie wirkungsvoll ein am Individuum orientiertes ganzheitliches Coaching sein kann. (…) Es gehört aber ebenso zur Wahrheit, dass viele der Betroffenen von sich aus niemals auf die Idee kämen, ein solches Coaching zu suchen. Ohne einen gewissen Paternalismus seitens der Jobcenter würden viele der Betroffenen ihr Leben lang in der Sackgasse hängen bleiben, in die sie aus welchen Gründen auch immer einmal geraten sind.' Das einjährige Sanktionsmoratorium, das im Juli 2022 in Kraft trat, und eine vom Autor herangezogene umfangreiche Untersuchung aus Nordirland zeigen ernüchternde Ergebnisse: Mit dem Wegfall der Sanktionsmöglichkeiten steigt die Quote des Nichterscheinens bei den anberaumten Gesprächsterminen innerhalb kürzester Zeit von 10 auf 50 Prozent, entsprechend sinkt die Quote der Vermittlungen in Jobs und Maßnahmen. Die Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsleistungen verändert sich mit den behördlicherseits verlangten Voraussetzungen. Mit einer Reduktion des Sozialstaats auf eine reine Umverteilung, wie es den Befürwortern des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens vorschwebt, überlässt man die Hilfebedürftigen mit ihren Problemen sich selbst. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance (2022)
Zitatform
Afscharian, Dominic, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski & Lukáš Siegel (2022): Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 257-275. DOI:10.1177/13882627221118103
Abstract
"In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU's social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R. & Alexander H. J. Sahm (2022): Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 751-770. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000519
Abstract
"Rapid technological change – the digitalization and automation of work – is challenging contemporary welfare states. Most of the existing research, however, focuses on its effect on labor market outcomes, such as employment or wage levels. In contrast, this paper studies the implications of technological change for welfare state attitudes and preferences. Compared to previous work on this topic, this paper adopts a much broader perspective regarding different kinds of social policy. Using data from the European Social Survey, we find that individual automation risk is positively associated with support for redistribution, but negatively with support for social investment policies (partly depending on the specific measure of automation risk that is used), while there is no statistically significant association with support for basic income. We also find a moderating effect of the overall size of the welfare state on the micro-level association between risk and preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Citizens' basic income in Scotland: On the road to somewhere (2022)
Zitatform
Cantillon, Sara & Francis O'Toole (2022): Citizens' basic income in Scotland: On the road to somewhere. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 230-242. DOI:10.1177/13882627221114373
Abstract
"While the economic fragility exposed by Covid-19 has renewed the attention paid to social protection systems and in particular to basic income, the Scottish government had already funded four local authorities – North Ayrshire, City of Edinburgh, Fife and Glasgow – to undertake a feasibility study on the introduction of a Universal Basic Income pilot in Scotland. This article explores the specific Scottish context and rationale for this study, including the factors that led the Scottish government and the local authorities to pursue this approach, as well as the impact of the study on the wider social security debate and policy context in Scotland. Specifically, it takes a critical look at the Steering Committee's feasibility study, and its two commissioned research components, and explores the financial costings and institutional obstacles identified in taking forward a pilot Universal Basic Income in Scotland. These significant challenges are considered in light of both the limits of devolution and the ongoing debate on independence, as well as the wider implications for progress in social protection in Scotland." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parading Utopia on the road to nowhere? An introduction to the special issue on the policy impact of the European basic income experiments (2022)
Zitatform
Chrisp, Joe & Jurgen De Wispelaere (2022): Parading Utopia on the road to nowhere? An introduction to the special issue on the policy impact of the European basic income experiments. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 167-176. DOI:10.1177/13882627221122797
Abstract
"Basic income experiments have emerged across Europe in recent years, but until now analysis has focused on their design and the scientific interpretation of their results, rather than the subsequent policy impact of these projects. This special issue addresses this gap. The papers all focus on whether and how the European basic income experiments have made an observable impact on the basic income debate and social security reform more generally. The special issue includes country case studies of the three countries in Europe that have completed their experiments, Finland, the Netherlands and Spain, as well as a case study of Scotland, where a feasibility study did not result in a field experiment, and of Ireland, which is in the process of planning at least one experiment. Two papers then also examine the effect of these experiments on the debate at EU level and outside Europe, in Australia. The special issue provides a novel contribution that advances both the scholarly and policy debates surrounding basic income at a time when COVID-19 appears to have increased interest in the policy and equally seems to have propelled the idea of experimenting with basic income even further into the mainstream." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Narrowing women's time and income gaps: an assessment of the synergies between working time reduction and universal income schemes (2022)
Zitatform
Cieplinski, André, Simone D'Alessandro, Chandni Dwarkasing & Pietro Guarnieri (2022): Narrowing women's time and income gaps: an assessment of the synergies between working time reduction and universal income schemes. (Working papers / SOAS University of London 250), London, 34 S.
Abstract
"The COVID-19 crisis re-opened a discussion on the gendered nature of time-poverty and income inequality. We compare two policy combinations that assess the synergies between working time reduction and two universal income schemes: basic income and care income programmes. While the former provides every individual with an equal monetary benefit, the latter ties monetary benefits to the amount of unpaid and care work performed by individuals. We assess the impact of these policy combinations applying Eurogreen, a macrosimulation model tailored to Italy. Results suggest that while working time reduction directly improves the distribution of unpaid work and alleviates time-poverty, its impact on income inequality is limited. By contrast, the universal income schemes promote a similar and significant reduction of income inequality but differ in terms of gender equality outcomes. When it comes to improvements in women’s employment, labour force participation and real wages, working time reduction in combination with basic income outperforms care income. Meanwhile, care income outperforms basic income in terms of women’s income gap. Finally, regarding time-use, the adverse labour market effects of a care income on women’s participation rates compromises the redistribution of unpaid work from women to men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income as an instrument of regional development policy: a micro–macroeconomic analysis for Scotland (2022)
Zitatform
Connolly, Kevin, David Eiser, Ashwin Kumar, Peter G. McGregor & Graeme Roy (2022): Universal Basic Income as an instrument of regional development policy. A micro–macroeconomic analysis for Scotland. In: Regional Studies, Jg. 56, H. 6, S. 1043-1055. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2021.1957090
Abstract
"Regional development now encompasses inclusive growth so that welfare spending becomes a potentially important policy for regions with devolved powers. Universal Basic Income (UBI), an unconditional payment to all citizens, has been gaining traction, including internationally. We provide a system-wide analysis of a region-specific UBI for Scotland on the level and distribution of regional activity. Using both micro- and macroeconomic models, we find that although UBI has a beneficial effect on equity among households, it may adversely impact the level of economic activity unless there is a social contract in place and/or there is a substantial stimulus to productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Increasing Inequality and Voting for Basic Income: Could Gender Inequality Worsen? (2022)
Zitatform
Day, Creina (2022): Increasing Inequality and Voting for Basic Income: Could Gender Inequality Worsen? (CAMA working paper series / Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, The Australian National University 2022-54), Canberra, 27 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the link between political support for basic income funded by linear income taxation and income inequality by household and gender. We develop a model with an increasingly right-skewed distribution of skill across households and a gender wage gap within households. Household preference for basic income decreases as skill level increases and female labour supply decreases with time spent rearing children. Majority voting supports the basic income scheme as mean relative to median household skill increases. Household fertility and skill level are inversely related under the scheme. An increase in the marginal tax rate to fund required government revenue could excacerbate gender inequality by reducing female labour supply. Quantitative illustrations suggest that the recent peak in the mean to median wage gap would provide voting support for basic income from the majority of households in the United States. Basic income of $12,000 conditional on below-median wages would increase government spending by 10.8% which, if funded by progressive income taxation, could reduce the adverse effects on gender inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda (2022)
Zitatform
Dumont, Daniel (2022): Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 299-318. DOI:10.1177/13882627221138599
Abstract
"The case for a universal basic income helps to reflect on what could be done to bring social protection into the 21st century, but, it is argued, does not itself provide the most convincing solution to the difficulties rightly pointed out by its proponents. However, this plea constitutes a fruitful source of inspiration for other developments than that proposed. Three proposals are made here in this respect: reducing the influence of household composition on the amount of social benefits received, making the possibility of combining a social benefit with other financial resources more flexible, and relaxing the work integration requirements imposed in return for the granting of rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ersatz von (ausgewählten) Sozialleistungen und -Abgaben in Deutschland durch ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen und ein reformiertes Einkommensteuersystem (2022)
Englmann, Frank C.; Ogbamicael, Yonas; Calisse, Frank; Jessen, Robin ; Isaak, Niklas; Bätz, Benjamin; Jäger, Phillip; Becker, Susanne ; Moch, Tiara; Meier, Antonia-Sofie;Zitatform
Bätz, Benjamin, Susanne Becker, Frank Calisse, Niklas Isaak, Phillip Jäger, Antonia-Sofie Meier, Tiara Moch & Yonas Ogbamicael (2022): Ersatz von (ausgewählten) Sozialleistungen und -Abgaben in Deutschland durch ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen und ein reformiertes Einkommensteuersystem. Stuttgart ; Berlin, 180 S. DOI:10.18419/opus-12898
Abstract
"Die Einführung eines existenzsichernden bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens (BGE) bei gleichzeitigem Wegfall von Sozialleistungen wie Arbeitslosengeld I und II, der Grundsicherung im Alter und dem Kindergeld würde das deutsche Sozialsystem erheblich vereinfachen. Der bürokratische Aufwand zur Gewährleistung des Existenzminimums würde erheblich reduziert. Die Einführung eines BGE würde allerdings die Höhe der staatlichen Transferzahlungen stark erhöhen, zur Finanzierung wären deutliche Steuererhöhungen notwendig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project (2022)
García, Leire Rincón;Zitatform
García, Leire Rincón (2022): The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 213-229. DOI:10.1177/13882627221123347
Abstract
"The idea of universal basic income is recieving increasing attention in the political, media and public agendas. This policy proposal constitutes a radical departure from the orthodox welfare rationale of giving to those in need, or attaching conditions to welfare support. Given the permutation that a UBI presents, many pilot projects and field experiments are being carried out globally to test the effects of this novel policy idea. Key questions arise from these developments: are the lessons learned from these experiments being fed back into the policy process? Are the pilot project results guiding and informing policymakers? Overall, can we observe any political effects of such scientific efforts? I address these questions through a qualitative case study analysis of the B-Mincome project. Through an in-depth analysis of this pilot, some of the key factors influencing the (limited) policy and political effects of the pilot project have been identified. The B-Mincome case study shows that the barriers to policy change were in place well before the pilot, and evidently, remained unaltered by it. The political landscape in Barcelona's City Council, its economic powers and institutional context were unchanged by the pilot, and in fact shaped the pilot design, moving it away from the UBI proposal. The B-Mincome experience illustrates the need to accommodate the pilot design to the politics and economics of the experiment, and shows the unintended consequences that such an adaptation of the pilot design may have in relation to its original objectives. In the case of Barcelona, this has meant a move away from a UBI-style pilot design, resulting in very limited effects on the debate or policy design of cash transfers, having a greater policy impact on active polices instead. However, by taking a broader look at Spanish and Catalan politics, our analysis has shown that unexpected factors may end up triggering a debate much more effectively than a pilot project." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Grundeinkommen - Von der Vision zur schleichenden sozialstaatlichen Transformation (2022)
Zitatform
Heinze, Rolf G. & Jürgen Schupp (2022): Grundeinkommen - Von der Vision zur schleichenden sozialstaatlichen Transformation. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 306 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-35551-7
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Publikation erweitert konstitutiv das Diskursfeld zum Thema Grundeinkommen, lotet die Möglichkeiten einer Einführung sowie Chancen und Risiken ab. Obwohl alle visionären Vorschläge zum Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen (BGE) zumindest in demokratisch verfassten Wohlfahrtsstaaten bislang politisch nicht umgesetzt wurden, wurde die Frage nach der Umsetzung bzw. den Gelingensbedingungen und der Identifizierung möglicher Blockaden nur am Rande behandelt. Auch jüngste Veröffentlichungen zu einem BGE weisen diese politisch-institutionelle „Blindheit“ auf und thematisieren zu wenig die Gründe für das bisherige Scheitern. Ohne eine Überführungsstrategie wird die Idee in Deutschland aber aufgrund einer solchen Implementierungsnaivität scheitern. Im Buch wird deshalb der Diskussionsstand zum Grundeinkommen insofern weiterentwickelt, dass eine Einbindung in wohlfahrtsstaatliche Entwicklungsverläufe und aktuelle Herausforderungen für die „Sicherung der sozialen Sicherung“ vorgenommen wird. Zudem wird anknüpfend an den „stillen“ Wandel zum sozialinvestiven Staat eine sozialwissenschaftliche Einordnung bislang visionär erscheinender garantistischer Elemente eines Grundeinkommensmodells vorgenommen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Bürgergeld und Kindergrundsicherung als Einstiege ins bedingungslose Grundeinkommen?: Wendemarken im Koalitionsprogramm der neuen Bundesregierung (2022)
Zitatform
Heinze, Rolf G. & Jürgen Schupp (2022): Bürgergeld und Kindergrundsicherung als Einstiege ins bedingungslose Grundeinkommen? Wendemarken im Koalitionsprogramm der neuen Bundesregierung. In: Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik, Jg. 71, H. 1, S. 37-50. DOI:10.3224/gwp.v71i1.06
Abstract
"Im Beitrag wird diskutiert, ob es sich bei der vorgesehenen Ablösung von Hartz IV durch ein Bürgergeld und den Aufbau einer Kindergrundsicherung eher um einen symbolischen Wandel handelt oder die im Herbst 2021 gewählte Ampel-Koalition einen substanziellen Neuanfang und eine grundlegende Reform des Wohlfahrtsstaates einleitet. Zusammenfassend werden die geplanten Maßnahmen der neuen Bundesregierung als schleichende Transformation einer beitragsfinanzierten Lebensstandardabsicherung zum Grundsicherungsstaat mit einer universalistischen Sozialintegration gedeutet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)