Bedingungsloses und solidarisches Grundeinkommen – Konzepte in der Diskussion
Trotz günstiger Beschäftigungslage laufen Langzeitarbeitslose immer noch Gefahr, den Anschluss an den ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu verlieren. Zudem gibt es die Sorge, dass sich diese Entwicklung durch den technologischen Wandel noch verstärken wird. Wäre ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen die richtige Antwort? Kann ein solidarisches Grundeinkommen das Bürgergeld nach SGB II weiterentwickeln oder sogar ablösen? Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema zusammen und wirft einen Blick auf die aktuelle Diskussion.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income: A Dynamic Assessment (2024)
Daruich, Diego; Fernández, Raquel;Zitatform
Daruich, Diego & Raquel Fernández (2024): Universal Basic Income: A Dynamic Assessment. In: The American economic review, Jg. 114, H. 1, S. 38-88. DOI:10.1257/aer.20221099
Abstract
"Universal basic income (UBI) is an increasingly popular policy proposal, but there is no evidence regarding its longer-term consequences. We find that UBI generates large welfare losses in a general equilibrium model with imperfect capital markets, labor market shocks, and intergenerational linkages via skill formation and transfers. This conclusion is robust to various alternative ways of financing UBI. By using observationally equivalent models that eliminate different sources of endogenous dynamic linkages (equilibrium capital market and parental investment in child skills), we show that the latter are largely responsible for the negative welfare consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Viral cash: Basic income trials, policy mutation, and post-austerity politics in U.S. cities (2024)
Doussard, Marc;Zitatform
Doussard, Marc (2024): Viral cash: Basic income trials, policy mutation, and post-austerity politics in U.S. cities. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 3, S. 927-942. DOI:10.1177/0308518X231203083
Abstract
"During the covid-19 pandemic, basic income pilot programs spread across U.S. cities like the novel coronavirus itself. The policy of no-strings-attached cash transfers marks a potentially significant change in the development of post-austerity politics, but only if basic income programs can endure beyond their trial phase. This paper centers the phenomenon of viral cash—cash transfer programs that mutate and multiply like the coronavirus to which they respond—as a means of assessing the possible pathways from trial programs to standing policy. Drawing on case studies of pilot programs in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Denver, I argue that basic income pilots extend beyond their end-date by creating individual and institutional constituencies invested in unconditional cash transfers. Focusing on these constituencies draws attention to basic income’s role in popularizing child tax credits, program cash stipends and other policy reforms recently enacted by cities and states. Seen this way, basic income’s virus-like susceptibility to mutation plays a key role in seeding support for urban policies and politics that counter prior austerity by centering investment in human capacity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Gielens, Erwin, Femke Roosma & Peter Achterberg (2024): Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 393-412. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12607
Abstract
"As interest in universal basic income (UBI) policy has peaked in recent years, the study of public support for such a policy is rapidly developing. While recent studies recognise the multidimensionality of the UBI proposal, we still know little about to what extent support for UBI is unambiguously supported or rejected. We show that the public holds distinct but related opinions towards three dimensions of UBI: universalism, redistribution and unconditionality. The higher and lower educated are equally ambivalent towards the policy, suggesting a lack of political entrenchment towards UBI in Dutch society. Post hoc comparisons show that key demographics and constituencies support some dimensions while rejecting others, enabling both compromise and division on the issue. Despite these distinct controversies, however, the strong correlation between attitudinal dimensions suggests that survey experiments tend to overstate the degree of multidimensionality by ignoring the strong commonalities in support for policy aspects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income Advocates, Sober Up (2024)
Zitatform
Marx, Ive (2024): Basic Income Advocates, Sober Up. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16757), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"Basic income advocates see a universal income grant, no questions asked, as bringing many potential benefits, not in the least as an ironclad protection against poverty, if set high enough. It is hard to know with any certainty what a world with a sizeable basic income would look like but we can make theoretically and empirically informed guesses about its likely first-round impacts. Neither the insights we get from (quasi-)experimental research nor those from (micro-)simulation modelling are very encouraging. The estimated first-round effects on poverty are for the most part disappointing, especially in countries with comparatively well-functioning social protection systems. Aggregate employment is likely to fall, especially affecting women. It requires an enormous leap of faith to assume that the effects further down the road would be miraculously better. Moreover, there seems to be a vast gap between what people think a basic income would bring them and how it would actually impact them. Under any plausible scenario there would be many net losers. In short, there are few sound reasons at this time to argue for replacing the better performing social protection systems currently in place with a basic income, especially if a more adequate social floor is the main concern." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Assessing the Impact of the Implementation of Universal Basic Income on Entrepreneurship (2023)
Zitatform
Aceytuno-Pérez, María-Teresa, Manuela A. de Paz-Báñez & Celia Sanchez-López (2023): Assessing the Impact of the Implementation of Universal Basic Income on Entrepreneurship. In: Basic Income Studies, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 141-161. DOI:10.1515/bis-2022-0022
Abstract
"We focus on the literature about UBI and the experiments developed all around the world to test it in order to address how UBI implementation could affect entrepreneurship. Building on these findings and various strands of entrepreneurial theory, we develop a theoretical framework to explain how the implementation of UBI would dramatically change the environment of entrepreneurial activity, shaping entrepreneurial action at three levels: (i) the desirability of becoming an entrepreneur; (ii) the perceived feasibility of becoming an entrepreneur; (iii) the propensity to act. Consequently, UBI implementation would arguably facilitate the decision to become an entrepreneur. The contribution of the paper is threefold. It firstly provides a theoretical framework that opens new directions for further research on the relationship between UBI and entrepreneurship. Secondly, it offers new insights for policy makers by shedding light on potential effects of UBI implementation. Finally, it raises further questions that remains unsolved related to the role of non-pecuniary motivations and financial constraints." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income (2023)
Zitatform
Aerts, Elise, Ive Marx & Gerlinde Verbist (2023): Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15952), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty, on top of many other benefits, including greatly reduced administrative complexity and cost. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative two-country setting, we show that the potential poverty-reducing impact of BI strongly depends on exactly how and where it is implemented. Implementing a BI requires far more choices than advocates seem to realize. The level at which the BI is set matters, but its exact specification matters even more. Which parts of the existing tax-benefit system are maintained, and which parts are abolished, modified or replaced? The impact of a BI, be it a low or a high one, thus strongly depends on the characteristics of the system that it is (partially) replacing or complementing, as well as the socio-economic context in which it is introduced. Some versions of BI could potentially help to reduce poverty but always at a significant cost and with substantial sections of the population incurring significant losses, which matters for political feasibility. A partial basic income complementing existing provisions appears to make more potential sense than a full basic income replacing them. The simplicity of BI, however, tends to be vastly overstated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Simulationsanalysen zur Finanzierbarkeit des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens: Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag von Mein Grundeinkommen e.V (2023)
Bach, Stefan; Hamburg, Mark;Zitatform
Bach, Stefan & Mark Hamburg (2023): Simulationsanalysen zur Finanzierbarkeit des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens. Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag von Mein Grundeinkommen e.V. (DIW Berlin. Politikberatung kompakt 195), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Forschungsprojekt wird die Finanzierbarkeit eines existenzsichernden bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens für alle untersucht, das der Verein Mein Grundeinkommen vorschlägt. Vorgesehen sind 1 200 Euro im Monat je Erwachsenen, Kinder und Jugendliche bis 18 Jahren bekommen die Hälfte. Dies bedeutet für sich genommen einen zusätzlichen staatlichen Finanzierungsbedarf von 1 105 Milliarden Euro (berechnet für das Jahr 2022)." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing (2023)
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia;Zitatform
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia (2023): Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing. (Publications of the London School of Economics and Political Science), London, 64 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines Spain's minimum income scheme (MIS) introduced in 2020 and its impact on households' objective and subjective financial wellbeing. The study addresses two key motivations. First, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of MISs in improving households' financial wellbeing despite the renewed interest prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, ecological transition and cost-of-living crisis. Second, existing literature primarily focuses on objective measures of financial wellbeing like monetary poverty, but it is crucial to understand how income improvements through MISs are perceived by households. These subjective perceptions play a significant role in people's health, productivity and decision-making and provide insights into adaptation mechanisms and spillover effects on non-recipients. The study uses Eurostat survey data aggregated at the national level from 2010 to 2022, employing a Synthetic Control Method analysis. Results show that during the initial year and a half of implementation, the policy had no statistically significant effect on households' material conditions (e.g. poverty rate, poverty gap and mean income). However, after two and a half years, it did considerably improve how households perceive the evolution of their finances. The paper discusses mechanisms explaining this differential impact, including the policy's phased implementation, benefit enhancements from 2022 onwards as well as anticipation, placebo and positive spillover effects of the MIS. The findings highlight the importance for practitioners to consider subjective financial wellbeing when assessing MISs" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement: Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology' (2023)
Brand, Richard A.;Zitatform
Brand, Richard A. (2023): Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement. Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology'. (BestMasters), Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer VS, IX, 108 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40584-7
Abstract
"Die Rufe nach einer ‚öffentlichen Soziologie' werden jüngst lauter. Sollte die Soziologie sich für die Verbreitung ihres Wissens und die Zivilgesellschaft engagieren? Oder sind gerade Zurückhaltung und wissenschaftliche Autonomie von Nutzen für die Gesellschaft? Die Arbeit von Richard A. Brand eröffnet einerseits lebendige Einblicke in die Praxis öffentlicher Soziologie: Im November 2018 versammelten sich über 100 Personen im Theaterhaus Jena beim sogenannten ‚DialogForum'. Diese vermutlich erste große öffentliche Soziologieveranstaltung im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde vom Autor vorliegender Arbeit moderiert und mitorganisiert. Das Veranstaltungskonzept und die Erwartungen der Teilnehmenden werden hier rekonstruiert. Anderseits wird, etwa mit Rückgriff auf Max Webers Wissenschaftslehre, Michael Burawoys Konzept der ‚Public Sociology' kritisch unter die Lupe genommen. Im Ergebnis scheint weniger die Rolle einer Soziologie als zivilgesellschaftliche Anwältin oder Aktivistin zu überzeugen, sondern die einer Orientierungsstifterin und Moderatorin, die Dialogräume schafft. Der Autor Richard A. Brand studierte Soziologie, Geografie und Bildungswissenschaften in Hamburg, Prag und Jena mit Abschluss M.A. Soziologie. Er ist als selbständiger Trainer und Moderator tätig. Darüber hinaus verantwortet er die Weiterbildung einer international tätigen NGO." (Verlagsangaben)
-
Literaturhinweis
Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen (2023)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R., Adrian Rinscheid & Jürgen Schupp (2023): Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 90, H. 21, S. 246-253. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2023-21-1
Abstract
"Eine repräsentative Befragung aus dem August 2022 bestätigt die hohe Popularität in der Bevölkerung für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen (BGE). Zwischen 45 und 55 Prozent der Befragten stimmen für die Einführung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens mit dem vermeintlichen Versprechen von finanzieller Sicherheit ohne Verpflichtungen. Wer genau die Unterstützer*innen eines BGE sind und welches Modell sie bevorzugen, zeigen zwei repräsentative Befragungen aus dem August 2022. Sie belegen, dass vor allem jüngere Altersgruppen sowie Personen mit geringen Einkünften und mit großen Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Situation die Idee eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens unterstützen. Eine der in diesem Wochenbericht analysierten Erhebungen zeigt, dass die meisten Befragten sich ein Grundeinkommen von 1 200 Euro ohne Restriktionen wünschen. Zur staatlichen Finanzierung eines Grundeinkommens findet der Vorschlag die meiste Unterstützung, die Einkommen- und Vermögensteuern für Reiche anzuheben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares (2023)
Zitatform
Chrisp, Joe, Aida Garcia-Lazaro & Nick Pearce (2023): Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares. (FRIBIS discussion paper series 2023,1), Freiburg, 60 S.
Abstract
"In recent decades, most OECD countries have seen a significant decline in the labour share, as well as an increase in inequality. The decline in the labour share and the rise in inequality poses several problems for such countries, whether related to distributive justice, economic and social outcomes, such as deficient aggregate income and demand, or democratic politics. In this report, we focus on the role of technological change as a central driver of the decline in the labour share and explore its contingency: both across contexts and across definitions/operationalisations of technology. With respect to the latter, we distinguish between perspectives that place physical capital and investment in automation and ICT at the centre of technological change on the one hand, and the growth of the knowledge economy and intangible capital on the other. Meanwhile, following work by Baccaro and Pontusson (2016), and more recently Hassel and Palier (2021), we utilise the concept of 'growth regimes' to analyse how the effects of technology are mediated and moderated by national political-economic institutions. This approach allows us to test more nuanced arguments about the role of technological change in the decline in the labour share and to discuss the likely effects, and political feasibility, of policy solutions such as universal basic income (UBI) that are often advanced as an answer to increased automation and lower returns to labour. The following issues provide the basis for our research questions: 1. To what extent is technological change responsible for the decline in the labour share? 2. What is the role of growth regimes in moderating the effect of technology on the labour share? 3. Are results consistent across different conceptions and definitions of technological change? 4. What policy solutions are available to tackle these trends and issues? 5. Does technological change strengthen the case for and the feasibility of a universal basic income? This work builds on previous policy briefs and reports by the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) on UBI and technological change, namely the September 2019 report by Dr Luke Martinelli entitled 'Basic income, automation and labour market change' (Martinelli, 2019a). That report summarised the evidence regarding the effects of technology on labour markets and the case for UBI in such a light. Empirical analysis, however, focused on political economy questions concerning the political constituency for a UBI and policy trade-offs in design across EU countries using microsimulation analysis. Here, our empirical strategy is instead focused on questions about the effect of technology on the labour share, enabling us to re-pose the question of how a UBI could serve as a tool for combating growing inequality, income and demand deficiency, and labour market dysfunction in global economies. Future empirical research at the IPR will focus more comprehensively on the fifth and final research question above, namely estimating the macroeconomic effects of a UBI, including one funded using sovereign money. Next, we introduce three central ideas in the report - the decline in the labour share, technological change and growth regimes - before briefly outlining the consequences for policy debates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction (2023)
Zitatform
D'Alessandro, Simone, Tiziano Distefano, Guilherme Spinato Morlin & Davide Villani (2023): Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction. (JRC working papers on social classes in the digital age / Joint Research Centre (Seville site) 2023-09), Sevilla, 24 S.
Abstract
"Several studies argue that the latest advancements in technology could result in a continuous decrease in the employment level, the labour share of income and higher inequalities. This paper investigates policy responses to the rise of labour-saving technologies and their potential negative effects on employment and inequality. Using EUROGREEN (an Input-Output-Stock-Flow model), we assess how three different policy measures – basic income (BI), job guarantee (JG), and working time reduction without loss of payment (WTR) – could affect the economy in the wake of a technological shock. We build different scenarios in which the effects of these policies are implemented against a reference setting of high labour productivity growth. We evaluate the impact of these policies on per capita GDP, the Gini coefficient, the labour share, the unemployment rate, and the deficit-to-GDP ratio. We find that these policies could be effective in counterbalancing some of the negative effects of labour-saving technologies. JG reduces the level of unemployment significantly and permanently, whereas BI and WTR only temporarily affect the unemployment rate. WTR effectively increases the wage share and generates the lowest deficit-to-GDP ratio in the long run. The introduction of a wealth tax further reduces inequality and helps to offset the increase in public spending associated with JG and BI. A mix of these policies delivers the highest per capita GDP, lowest unemployment rate, and best distributive outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf (2023)
Promberger, Markus;Zitatform
Promberger, Markus (2023): Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.07.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230710.01
Abstract
"Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen, so sehen es viele seiner Befürworter, eröffnet den Menschen den Weg vom „Reich der Notwendigkeit“ ins „Reich der Freiheit“, indem es sie vom ökonomischen Arbeitszwang befreit. Wer so argumentiert, verkennt, dass Arbeit ein Grundelement der menschlichen Existenz ist. Zugleich entlässt er die Arbeitgeber aus ihrer Verantwortung, Vollzeitbeschäftigten existenzsichernde Löhne zu bezahlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Promberger, Markus; -
Literaturhinweis
A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income (2023)
Zitatform
Rincón, Leire (2023): A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 375-399. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2021.2007983
Abstract
"Support for universal basic income is one of the key conundrums of the politics of welfare reform. Research shows that the predictors of UBI favourability also explain support for other policy alternatives, which differ substantially from a UBI, like targeted or conditional cash transfers. What is attractive or objectionable about a UBI to individuals, and which policy alternatives does public opinion actually prefer? In this paper, I tackle these questions with a conjoint experiment conducted in Spain. The results show that the universality of UBI, i.e., the fact that it is given to everyone, is what generates opposition. On the other hand, its unconditionality or the idea that it does not attach any conditions to recipients, is not particularly unpopular. However, the results also reveal that progressive funding mechanisms and restricting eligibility criteria to citizens only, can boost approval for this policy. These results have far-reaching implications for the study of welfare preferences, UBI support and theories on deservingness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? (2023)
Schneider, Hilmar;Zitatform
Schneider, Hilmar (2023): Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 9–10, S. 773-776. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.9-10.773
Abstract
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit und bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen sind staatliche Antworten auf das Problem einer verfestigten Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit, bei der es einem Anteil von Menschen dauerhaft schwerfällt, prinzipiell vorhandene Arbeitsmarktchancen für sich zu nutzen. Sind die Jobcenter auch bemüht, den Betroffenen eine passende Hilfe anzubieten, so sind die Erfolgsaussichten bescheiden. Sollte man es also besser lassen, den Betroffenen zu helfen? Sollte der Sozialstaat stattdessen Menschen alimentieren, obwohl sie in der Lage wären, ihren Beitrag zur individuellen Existenzsicherung zu leisten? Das ist eine über Wahlen zu entscheidende normative Grundsatzfrage. Wissenschaft kann nur aufzeigen, was zu erwarten ist, wenn sich eine Gesellschaft für diese oder jene Handlungsoption entscheidet. 'Aktuelle Studien des IAB belegen eindrucksvoll, wie wirkungsvoll ein am Individuum orientiertes ganzheitliches Coaching sein kann. (…) Es gehört aber ebenso zur Wahrheit, dass viele der Betroffenen von sich aus niemals auf die Idee kämen, ein solches Coaching zu suchen. Ohne einen gewissen Paternalismus seitens der Jobcenter würden viele der Betroffenen ihr Leben lang in der Sackgasse hängen bleiben, in die sie aus welchen Gründen auch immer einmal geraten sind.' Das einjährige Sanktionsmoratorium, das im Juli 2022 in Kraft trat, und eine vom Autor herangezogene umfangreiche Untersuchung aus Nordirland zeigen ernüchternde Ergebnisse: Mit dem Wegfall der Sanktionsmöglichkeiten steigt die Quote des Nichterscheinens bei den anberaumten Gesprächsterminen innerhalb kürzester Zeit von 10 auf 50 Prozent, entsprechend sinkt die Quote der Vermittlungen in Jobs und Maßnahmen. Die Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsleistungen verändert sich mit den behördlicherseits verlangten Voraussetzungen. Mit einer Reduktion des Sozialstaats auf eine reine Umverteilung, wie es den Befürwortern des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens vorschwebt, überlässt man die Hilfebedürftigen mit ihren Problemen sich selbst. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance (2022)
Zitatform
Afscharian, Dominic, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski & Lukáš Siegel (2022): Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 257-275. DOI:10.1177/13882627221118103
Abstract
"In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU’s social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R. & Alexander H. J. Sahm (2022): Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 751-770. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000519
Abstract
"Rapid technological change – the digitalization and automation of work – is challenging contemporary welfare states. Most of the existing research, however, focuses on its effect on labor market outcomes, such as employment or wage levels. In contrast, this paper studies the implications of technological change for welfare state attitudes and preferences. Compared to previous work on this topic, this paper adopts a much broader perspective regarding different kinds of social policy. Using data from the European Social Survey, we find that individual automation risk is positively associated with support for redistribution, but negatively with support for social investment policies (partly depending on the specific measure of automation risk that is used), while there is no statistically significant association with support for basic income. We also find a moderating effect of the overall size of the welfare state on the micro-level association between risk and preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Citizens' basic income in Scotland: On the road to somewhere (2022)
Zitatform
Cantillon, Sara & Francis O'Toole (2022): Citizens' basic income in Scotland: On the road to somewhere. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 230-242. DOI:10.1177/13882627221114373
Abstract
"While the economic fragility exposed by Covid-19 has renewed the attention paid to social protection systems and in particular to basic income, the Scottish government had already funded four local authorities – North Ayrshire, City of Edinburgh, Fife and Glasgow – to undertake a feasibility study on the introduction of a Universal Basic Income pilot in Scotland. This article explores the specific Scottish context and rationale for this study, including the factors that led the Scottish government and the local authorities to pursue this approach, as well as the impact of the study on the wider social security debate and policy context in Scotland. Specifically, it takes a critical look at the Steering Committee's feasibility study, and its two commissioned research components, and explores the financial costings and institutional obstacles identified in taking forward a pilot Universal Basic Income in Scotland. These significant challenges are considered in light of both the limits of devolution and the ongoing debate on independence, as well as the wider implications for progress in social protection in Scotland." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Parading Utopia on the road to nowhere? An introduction to the special issue on the policy impact of the European basic income experiments (2022)
Zitatform
Chrisp, Joe & Jurgen De Wispelaere (2022): Parading Utopia on the road to nowhere? An introduction to the special issue on the policy impact of the European basic income experiments. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 167-176. DOI:10.1177/13882627221122797
Abstract
"Basic income experiments have emerged across Europe in recent years, but until now analysis has focused on their design and the scientific interpretation of their results, rather than the subsequent policy impact of these projects. This special issue addresses this gap. The papers all focus on whether and how the European basic income experiments have made an observable impact on the basic income debate and social security reform more generally. The special issue includes country case studies of the three countries in Europe that have completed their experiments, Finland, the Netherlands and Spain, as well as a case study of Scotland, where a feasibility study did not result in a field experiment, and of Ireland, which is in the process of planning at least one experiment. Two papers then also examine the effect of these experiments on the debate at EU level and outside Europe, in Australia. The special issue provides a novel contribution that advances both the scholarly and policy debates surrounding basic income at a time when COVID-19 appears to have increased interest in the policy and equally seems to have propelled the idea of experimenting with basic income even further into the mainstream." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Narrowing women's time and income gaps: an assessment of the synergies between working time reduction and universal income schemes (2022)
Cieplinski, André; D'Alessandro, Simone; Guarnieri, Pietro; Dwarkasing, Chandni;Zitatform
Cieplinski, André, Simone D'Alessandro, Chandni Dwarkasing & Pietro Guarnieri (2022): Narrowing women's time and income gaps: an assessment of the synergies between working time reduction and universal income schemes. (Working papers / SOAS University of London 250), London, 34 S.
Abstract
"The COVID-19 crisis re-opened a discussion on the gendered nature of time-poverty and income inequality. We compare two policy combinations that assess the synergies between working time reduction and two universal income schemes: basic income and care income programmes. While the former provides every individual with an equal monetary benefit, the latter ties monetary benefits to the amount of unpaid and care work performed by individuals. We assess the impact of these policy combinations applying Eurogreen, a macrosimulation model tailored to Italy. Results suggest that while working time reduction directly improves the distribution of unpaid work and alleviates time-poverty, its impact on income inequality is limited. By contrast, the universal income schemes promote a similar and significant reduction of income inequality but differ in terms of gender equality outcomes. When it comes to improvements in women’s employment, labour force participation and real wages, working time reduction in combination with basic income outperforms care income. Meanwhile, care income outperforms basic income in terms of women’s income gap. Finally, regarding time-use, the adverse labour market effects of a care income on women’s participation rates compromises the redistribution of unpaid work from women to men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income as an instrument of regional development policy: a micro–macroeconomic analysis for Scotland (2022)
Zitatform
Connolly, Kevin, David Eiser, Ashwin Kumar, Peter G. McGregor & Graeme Roy (2022): Universal Basic Income as an instrument of regional development policy. A micro–macroeconomic analysis for Scotland. In: Regional Studies, Jg. 56, H. 6, S. 1043-1055. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2021.1957090
Abstract
"Regional development now encompasses inclusive growth so that welfare spending becomes a potentially important policy for regions with devolved powers. Universal Basic Income (UBI), an unconditional payment to all citizens, has been gaining traction, including internationally. We provide a system-wide analysis of a region-specific UBI for Scotland on the level and distribution of regional activity. Using both micro- and macroeconomic models, we find that although UBI has a beneficial effect on equity among households, it may adversely impact the level of economic activity unless there is a social contract in place and/or there is a substantial stimulus to productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Increasing Inequality and Voting for Basic Income: Could Gender Inequality Worsen? (2022)
Zitatform
Day, Creina (2022): Increasing Inequality and Voting for Basic Income: Could Gender Inequality Worsen? (CAMA working paper series / Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, The Australian National University 2022-54), Canberra, 27 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the link between political support for basic income funded by linear income taxation and income inequality by household and gender. We develop a model with an increasingly right-skewed distribution of skill across households and a gender wage gap within households. Household preference for basic income decreases as skill level increases and female labour supply decreases with time spent rearing children. Majority voting supports the basic income scheme as mean relative to median household skill increases. Household fertility and skill level are inversely related under the scheme. An increase in the marginal tax rate to fund required government revenue could excacerbate gender inequality by reducing female labour supply. Quantitative illustrations suggest that the recent peak in the mean to median wage gap would provide voting support for basic income from the majority of households in the United States. Basic income of $12,000 conditional on below-median wages would increase government spending by 10.8% which, if funded by progressive income taxation, could reduce the adverse effects on gender inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda (2022)
Zitatform
Dumont, Daniel (2022): Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 299-318. DOI:10.1177/13882627221138599
Abstract
"The case for a universal basic income helps to reflect on what could be done to bring social protection into the 21st century, but, it is argued, does not itself provide the most convincing solution to the difficulties rightly pointed out by its proponents. However, this plea constitutes a fruitful source of inspiration for other developments than that proposed. Three proposals are made here in this respect: reducing the influence of household composition on the amount of social benefits received, making the possibility of combining a social benefit with other financial resources more flexible, and relaxing the work integration requirements imposed in return for the granting of rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Ersatz von (ausgewählten) Sozialleistungen und -Abgaben in Deutschland durch ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen und ein reformiertes Einkommensteuersystem (2022)
Englmann, Frank C.; Ogbamicael, Yonas; Calisse, Frank; Jessen, Robin; Isaak, Niklas; Bätz, Benjamin; Jäger, Phillip; Becker, Susanne; Moch, Tiara; Meier, Antonia-Sofie;Zitatform
Bätz, Benjamin, Susanne Becker, Frank Calisse, Niklas Isaak, Phillip Jäger, Antonia-Sofie Meier, Tiara Moch & Yonas Ogbamicael (2022): Ersatz von (ausgewählten) Sozialleistungen und -Abgaben in Deutschland durch ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen und ein reformiertes Einkommensteuersystem. Stuttgart ; Berlin, 180 S. DOI:10.18419/opus-12898
Abstract
"Die Einführung eines existenzsichernden bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens (BGE) bei gleichzeitigem Wegfall von Sozialleistungen wie Arbeitslosengeld I und II, der Grundsicherung im Alter und dem Kindergeld würde das deutsche Sozialsystem erheblich vereinfachen. Der bürokratische Aufwand zur Gewährleistung des Existenzminimums würde erheblich reduziert. Die Einführung eines BGE würde allerdings die Höhe der staatlichen Transferzahlungen stark erhöhen, zur Finanzierung wären deutliche Steuererhöhungen notwendig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project (2022)
García, Leire Rincón;Zitatform
García, Leire Rincón (2022): The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 213-229. DOI:10.1177/13882627221123347
Abstract
"The idea of universal basic income is recieving increasing attention in the political, media and public agendas. This policy proposal constitutes a radical departure from the orthodox welfare rationale of giving to those in need, or attaching conditions to welfare support. Given the permutation that a UBI presents, many pilot projects and field experiments are being carried out globally to test the effects of this novel policy idea. Key questions arise from these developments: are the lessons learned from these experiments being fed back into the policy process? Are the pilot project results guiding and informing policymakers? Overall, can we observe any political effects of such scientific efforts? I address these questions through a qualitative case study analysis of the B-Mincome project. Through an in-depth analysis of this pilot, some of the key factors influencing the (limited) policy and political effects of the pilot project have been identified. The B-Mincome case study shows that the barriers to policy change were in place well before the pilot, and evidently, remained unaltered by it. The political landscape in Barcelona's City Council, its economic powers and institutional context were unchanged by the pilot, and in fact shaped the pilot design, moving it away from the UBI proposal. The B-Mincome experience illustrates the need to accommodate the pilot design to the politics and economics of the experiment, and shows the unintended consequences that such an adaptation of the pilot design may have in relation to its original objectives. In the case of Barcelona, this has meant a move away from a UBI-style pilot design, resulting in very limited effects on the debate or policy design of cash transfers, having a greater policy impact on active polices instead. However, by taking a broader look at Spanish and Catalan politics, our analysis has shown that unexpected factors may end up triggering a debate much more effectively than a pilot project." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Grundeinkommen - Von der Vision zur schleichenden sozialstaatlichen Transformation (2022)
Zitatform
Heinze, Rolf G. & Jürgen Schupp (2022): Grundeinkommen - Von der Vision zur schleichenden sozialstaatlichen Transformation. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 306 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-35551-7
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Publikation erweitert konstitutiv das Diskursfeld zum Thema Grundeinkommen, lotet die Möglichkeiten einer Einführung sowie Chancen und Risiken ab. Obwohl alle visionären Vorschläge zum Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen (BGE) zumindest in demokratisch verfassten Wohlfahrtsstaaten bislang politisch nicht umgesetzt wurden, wurde die Frage nach der Umsetzung bzw. den Gelingensbedingungen und der Identifizierung möglicher Blockaden nur am Rande behandelt. Auch jüngste Veröffentlichungen zu einem BGE weisen diese politisch-institutionelle „Blindheit“ auf und thematisieren zu wenig die Gründe für das bisherige Scheitern. Ohne eine Überführungsstrategie wird die Idee in Deutschland aber aufgrund einer solchen Implementierungsnaivität scheitern. Im Buch wird deshalb der Diskussionsstand zum Grundeinkommen insofern weiterentwickelt, dass eine Einbindung in wohlfahrtsstaatliche Entwicklungsverläufe und aktuelle Herausforderungen für die „Sicherung der sozialen Sicherung“ vorgenommen wird. Zudem wird anknüpfend an den „stillen“ Wandel zum sozialinvestiven Staat eine sozialwissenschaftliche Einordnung bislang visionär erscheinender garantistischer Elemente eines Grundeinkommensmodells vorgenommen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Bürgergeld und Kindergrundsicherung als Einstiege ins bedingungslose Grundeinkommen?: Wendemarken im Koalitionsprogramm der neuen Bundesregierung (2022)
Zitatform
Heinze, Rolf G. & Jürgen Schupp (2022): Bürgergeld und Kindergrundsicherung als Einstiege ins bedingungslose Grundeinkommen? Wendemarken im Koalitionsprogramm der neuen Bundesregierung. In: Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik, Jg. 71, H. 1, S. 37-50. DOI:10.3224/gwp.v71i1.06
Abstract
"Im Beitrag wird diskutiert, ob es sich bei der vorgesehenen Ablösung von Hartz IV durch ein Bürgergeld und den Aufbau einer Kindergrundsicherung eher um einen symbolischen Wandel handelt oder die im Herbst 2021 gewählte Ampel-Koalition einen substanziellen Neuanfang und eine grundlegende Reform des Wohlfahrtsstaates einleitet. Zusammenfassend werden die geplanten Maßnahmen der neuen Bundesregierung als schleichende Transformation einer beitragsfinanzierten Lebensstandardabsicherung zum Grundsicherungsstaat mit einer universalistischen Sozialintegration gedeutet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
A Truly Missed Opportunity: The Political Context and Impact of the Basic Income Experiment in Finland (2022)
Zitatform
Hiilamo, Heikki (2022): A Truly Missed Opportunity: The Political Context and Impact of the Basic Income Experiment in Finland. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 177-191. DOI:10.1177/13882627221104501
Abstract
"Finland conducted the first nationwide field experiment with partial basic income between 2017 and 2018. The experiment and its results were widely reported in international media and featured in political debates across the globe. Domestically, the experiment had an impact on social policy debates but no impact on social policy. For example, it did not feature in the Social Security 2030 project or in the work of the Social Security Reform Committee (2020–2027). The research setting for the experiment was compromised from the beginning due to political reasons; but the scientific power was further undermined by a new sanctioning model, which was implemented in 2018 at the beginning of the second year of the basic income experiment. The new Government taking office in 2019 promised to continue with a negative income tax experiment; however, no such experiment was conducted. The article will unpack these developments in Finland and discuss possible explanations for denouncing basic income as a policy idea." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Design and Evaluation of the Finnish Basic Income Experiment (2022)
Hämäläinen, Kari; Verho, Jouko;Zitatform
Hämäläinen, Kari & Jouko Verho (2022): Design and Evaluation of the Finnish Basic Income Experiment. (CESifo working paper 9875), München, 33 S.
Abstract
"The Finnish basic income experiment was an ambitious effort to study basic income in a Nordic welfare state. This paper describes the planning, implementation and scientific evaluation of the experiment. The randomized treatment group was paid a guaranteed monthly income, which had no impact on disposable income while a person was unemployed but provided a substantial increase in work incentives. We extend previous evaluations by examining the heterogeneity of incentive changes and employment responses across households. Our results reveal improvements in employment only for couples with children, providing an interesting contrast to other in-work credit programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms (2022)
Jaimovich, Nir; Saporta-Eksten, Itay; Yedid-Levi, Yaniv; Setty, Ofer;Zitatform
Jaimovich, Nir, Itay Saporta-Eksten, Ofer Setty & Yaniv Yedid-Levi (2022): Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms. (IZA discussion paper 15058), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"We consider the aggregate and distributional impact of Universal Basic Income (UBI). We develop a model to study a wide range of UBI programs and financing schemes and to highlight the key mechanisms behind their impact. The most crucial channel is the rise in distortionary taxation (required to fund UBI) on labor force participation. Second in importance is the decline in self-insurance due to the insurance UBI provides, resulting in lower aggregate capital. Third, UBI creates a positive income effect lowering labor force participation. Alternative tax-transfer schemes mitigate the impact on labor force participation and the cost of UBI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income in Ireland: The Development of Two Pilots (2022)
Zitatform
Johnston, Helen (2022): Basic Income in Ireland: The Development of Two Pilots. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 243-256. DOI:10.1177/13882627221109287
Abstract
"This paper provides an overview of Irish dalliances with basic income over the last 40 years in the context of social security reform. A government Green Paper on Basic Income was published in 2002, but the proposals were never progressed. Now, the current 2020 Programme for Government contains a commitment to pilot basic income within the lifetime of the Government. It has transpired that two basic income schemes are being developed – a universal basic income scheme by the Government's Low Pay Commission and a sectoral basic income scheme for artists. The arts proposal is being led by the Green Party Minister for the Arts, a long-time advocate of basic income. The work of the Low Pay Commission is overseen by the Fine Gael leader and Minister for Employment, who has not traditionally supported basic income. Public discourse claims that these are separate proposals with a lack of clarity on whether they will be progressed separately, one will inform the other, or they will become integrated. The work in Ireland has drawn upon other basic income experiments taking place in Europe, especially the Finnish experience. The work to date can make a unique contribution to understanding basic income experimentation in Europe, especially through a government-led, twin-track approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social Policy Without Growth: Moving Towards Sustainable Welfare States (2022)
Zitatform
Koch, Max (2022): Social Policy Without Growth. Moving Towards Sustainable Welfare States. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 447-459. DOI:10.1017/S1474746421000361
Abstract
"Growth-dependent welfare states contribute to climate emergency. The ecological economics, degrowth, and sustainable welfare literatures demonstrate that to re-embed Western production and consumption patterns in environmental limits, an encompassing social-ecological transformation would need to be initiated very soon. This article focuses on the potential roles of the welfare state and social policy in this transformation, applying the concepts of ‘sustainable welfare’ and ‘safe-operating space’. Based on two Swedish studies, it also provides an empirical analysis of the popularity of selected eco-social policies designed to steer the economy and society towards this space: maximum and basic incomes, taxes on wealth and meat, as well as working time reductions. In analogy to the historical role of the state in reconstituting the welfare-work nexus in the post-WWII era and its present engagement in the context of the Covid-19 crisis, it is argued that a more interventionist state is required to grapple with climate emergency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work (2022)
Korinek, Anton; Juelfs, Megan;Zitatform
Korinek, Anton & Megan Juelfs (2022): Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work. (NBER working paper 30172), Cambridge, Mass, 42 S. DOI:10.3386/w30172
Abstract
"This paper considers the labor market and distributional implications of a scenario of ever-more-intelligent autonomous machines that substitute for human labor and drive down wages. We lay out three concerns arising from such a scenario and evaluate recent predictions and objections to these concerns. Then we analyze how a utilitarian social planner would allocate work and income if these concerns start to materialize. As the income produced by autonomous machines rises and the value of labor declines, a utilitarian planner finds it optimal to phase out work, beginning with workers who have low labor productivity and job satisfaction, since they have comparative advantage in enjoying leisure. This is in stark contrast to welfare systems that force individuals with low labor productivity to work. If there are significant wage declines, avoiding mass misery will require other ways of distributing income than labor markets, whether via sufficiently well-distributed capital ownership or via benefits. Recipients could still engage in work for its own sake if they enjoy work amenities such as structure, purpose and meaning. If work gives rise to positive externalities such as social connections or political stability, or if individuals undervalue the benefits of work because of internalities, then a social planner would incentivize work. However, in the long run, the planner might be able to achieve a higher level of social welfare by adopting alternative ways of providing these benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Enabling Participation Income for an Eco-Social State (2022)
Zitatform
Laruffa, Francesco, Michael McGann & Mary P. Murphy (2022): Enabling Participation Income for an Eco-Social State. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 508-519. DOI:10.1017/S1474746421000750
Abstract
"We revise Atkinson’s concept of a ‘participation income’ (PI), repositioning it as a form of green conditional basic income that is anchored in a capabilities-oriented eco-social policy framework. This framework combines the capability approach with an ‘ethics of care’ to re-shape the focus of social policy on individuals’ capability to ‘take care of the world’, thus shifting the emphasis from economic production to social reproduction and environmental reparation. In developing this proposal, we seek to address key questions about the feasibility of implementing PI schemes: including their administrative complexity and the criticism that a PI constitutes either an arbitrary and confusing, or invasive and stigmatising, form of basic income. To address these concerns, we argue for an enabling approach to incentivising participation whereby participation pathways are co-created with citizens on the basis of opportunities they recognise as meaningful rather than enforced through strict monitoring and sanctions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and the Social Investment State: Towards Mutual Reinforcement? (2022)
Zitatform
Martinelli, Luke & Yannick Vanderborght (2022): Basic Income and the Social Investment State: Towards Mutual Reinforcement? In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 40-57. DOI:10.1177/13882627221085019
Abstract
"Is a social investment strategy compatible with the provision of an unconditional basic income? Prima facie, these two scenarios look like incongruent policy alternatives. While social investment – an influential policy paradigm at the level of the European Union – aims at promoting public services and maximum labour market participation, basic income is paid in cash and has sometimes been presented as the key component of a post-work future. In this article, we explore this apparent incongruence and show that these two visions for welfare reform are not necessarily incompatible. We argue that they may share a number of substantial points of agreement, and indeed may reinforce one another according to a logic of institutional complementarity. In particular, we claim that a partial basic income (i.e., a modest unconditional income guarantee, whose amount would be insufficient if one lives alone) could enhance or complement the key functions of a social-democratic version of the social investment strategy. By doing so, we conclude that the integration of a basic income into a social investment package could contribute to overcoming criticisms of the social investment agenda. At the same time, it could rescue basic income from the numerous critics who see it as an unrealistic policy proposal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wege zu einem zukunftsfähigen Weiterbildungssystem: Studie zur Machbarkeit eines Bildungsgrundeinkommens (2022)
Münch, Claudia; Dreibholz, Pauline; Ehrentraut, Oliver; Orozco Klaß, Helga;Zitatform
Münch, Claudia, Helga Orozco Klaß, Pauline Dreibholz & Oliver Ehrentraut (2022): Wege zu einem zukunftsfähigen Weiterbildungssystem. Studie zur Machbarkeit eines Bildungsgrundeinkommens. (Studie / Prognos), Basel, 34 S.
Abstract
"Um Lebenslanges Lernen finanziell abzusichern und Weiterbildung breiteren Bevölkerungsgruppen zugänglich zu machen, braucht es neue Instrumente. Unser Vorschlag: ein Bildungsgrundeinkommen. Die erste Studie des Zentrums Liberale Moderne stellte bereits 2021 ein neues Instrument der Weiterbildungsfinanzierung vor: das Bildungsgrundeinkommen. Dieses neue Instrument soll allen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern für einen Zeitraum bis zu 36 Monaten im Verlauf ihres Erwerbslebens zur Verfügung stehen. Sie erhalten 1.200 € monatlich; darüber hinaus werden ihre Weiterbildungskosten erstattet, ggf. werden Zuschläge für Kinder oder besondere Lebenslagen gewährt. Mit einer neuen Studie hat Prognos im Auftrag der Bertelsmann-Stiftung und des Zentrums Liberale Moderne die Machbarkeit des Bildungsgrundeinkommens als Finanzierungsinstrument bewertet. Die Studie stellt die Defizite des deutschen Weiterbildungssystems heraus und skizziert ein Idealbild eines leistungsfähigen Weiterbildungssektors. Das Bildungsgrundeinkommen kann einen Übergang vom Status quo zum Idealbild schaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
How do transfers and universal basic income impact the labor market and inequality? (2022)
Zitatform
Rauh, Christopher & Marcelo R. Santos (2022): How do transfers and universal basic income impact the labor market and inequality? (Cambridge working papers in economics 2208), Cambridge, 46 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of existing and universal transfer programs on vacancy creation, wages, and welfare using a search-and-matching model with heterogeneous agents and on-the-job human capital accumulation. We calibrate the general equilibrium model to match key moments concerning unemployment, wage and wealth distributions, as well as the distribution of EITC and transfers. In addition, unemployment insurance benefits are related to pre-unemployment earnings and subject to exhaustion, after which agents can only rely on transfers and savings. First, we show that existing transfers hamper economic activity but provide sizeable welfare gains. Next, we show that a universal basic income of nearly $12,500 to each household per year, which replaces all existing transfer programs and unemployment benefits, can lead to small aggregate welfare gains. These welfare gains mostly accrue to less skilled individuals despite their sizable fall in wages, and the overall rise in skill premia and wage inequality. Albeit the extra burden of higher taxes to finance UBI, we show that the increased action in hiring is a key channel though which outcomes for low education groups improve with the reform. However, if we keep the UI benefits in place, the positive effects on job creation vanish and UBI does not improve upon the current system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Grundeinkommen: eine stabile Existenzgrundlage in Zeiten prekärer Jobs und brüchiger Karrieren. Sozialstaat 4.0 (2022)
Reischer, Robert;Zitatform
Reischer, Robert (2022): Grundeinkommen. Eine stabile Existenzgrundlage in Zeiten prekärer Jobs und brüchiger Karrieren. Sozialstaat 4.0. Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH, 116 S.
Abstract
"Sozialstaat 4.0 ist die Antwort auf Deregulierung, Privatisierung und Globalisierung, die für Jobverlust und Sozialabbau politisch verantwortlich sind. Reparaturen und Anpassungen im bestehen System sind möglich. Das emanzipatorische Grundeinkommen ist die Erweiterung des Systems und ein Weg zu mehr Freiheit und weniger Abhängigkeiten." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Leseprobe -
Literaturhinweis
What's not to like? Benefit design, funding structure and support for universal basic income (2022)
Zitatform
Rincón, Leire, Tim Vlandas & Heikki Hiilamo (2022): What's not to like? Benefit design, funding structure and support for universal basic income. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 467-483. DOI:10.1177/09589287211072638
Abstract
"After decades of debates on the economic and philosophical merits and shortcomings of a universal basic income (UBI), more recent literature has started to investigate the politics of a UBI. While several studies shed new light on the individual characteristics associated with higher or lower support for a UBI, we still do not know what features of a UBI itself are attractive or not to people, nor whether other slightly different policy alternatives like means-tested and minimum incomes would be more popular. This article addresses this gap by employing a conjoint experiment fielded in Finland, where a UBI has received significant media and political attention. Our findings show that the most contentious dimension of a UBI is – surprisingly – not its universality, but instead its unconditional nature. Individuals are more likely to support policies that condition receipts upon searching for employment or being genuinely unable to work, and less likely to support policies that are fully unconditional. On the funding side, support tends to be lower for a UBI that is linked to reducing existing benefits, but higher if the UBI is to be funded by increasing taxes, especially on the rich. These findings contribute to a wider literature on the politics of UBI and to our understanding of the potential popularity of competing policy reform alternatives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
A Struggle for Framing and Interpretation: The Impact of the 'Basic Income Experiments' on Social Policy Reform in the Netherlands (2022)
Zitatform
Roosma, Femke (2022): A Struggle for Framing and Interpretation: The Impact of the 'Basic Income Experiments' on Social Policy Reform in the Netherlands. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 192-212. DOI:10.1177/13882627221109846
Abstract
"In the period from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2019, the Dutch government allowed several municipalities to carry out so-called ‘basic income experiments’, ‘trust’ experiments, or ‘experiments low in regulation’. These experiments focused on giving exemptions on obligations attached to social benefits, allowing people to keep extra earnings on top of their social assistance benefits, and providing more guidance in finding work. In this paper, I critically evaluate the extent to which these experiments have had an effect on social policy in the Netherlands in both the short and long run. For municipalities, the main goal of these experiments was to examine whether an approach focused on trust and intrinsic motivation would lead to increased labour market participation and higher wellbeing. The national government approved the experiments; but in its evaluation, it focused solely on the outflow to work in line with the existing workfare approach. In the short run, the effects of the experiments appeared disappointing for those with the ambition of fundamentally reforming the social security system. However, in the struggle for framing and interpretation, advocates of a different social policy approach obtained success in the long run. Although the Participation Act was not initially amended, the recent coalition agreement of the new Government does propose a change related to the outcomes of the experiment; and in recent party manifestos, there are more far-reaching proposals to change social policy in the direction of a universal basic income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Auf dem Weg vom Regelbedarf zum Mindesteinkommen. Methoden und Rechenergebnisse auf der Basis der EVS 2018 (2022)
Schüssler, Reinhard;Zitatform
Schüssler, Reinhard (2022): Auf dem Weg vom Regelbedarf zum Mindesteinkommen. Methoden und Rechenergebnisse auf der Basis der EVS 2018. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 71, H. 2, S. 97-117. DOI:10.3790/sfo.71.2.97
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Methoden und stellt deren Ergebnisse vergleichend gegenüber, die in jüngster Zeit auf der Grundlage einer Statistik, der Einkommens- und Verbrauchstichprobe 2018 (EVS 2018), für den Regelbedarf ermittelt wurden. Einbezogen in die Darstellung sind die Modelle des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales, der Parität auf der Grundlage von Sonderauswertungen der EVS 2018 durch Die Linke, von Becker/Tobsch (2020) für die Bundestagsfraktion Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, von Becker/Held (2020) für die Diakonie Deutschland sowie das Modell von Schüssler (2018; 2019). Für das Modell von Schüssler werden erstmals Resultate publiziert. Die Ergebnisse weisen mit Ausnahme des BMAS-Modells eine eher geringe Spannweite der resultierenden Euro-Beträge des „Bedarfs“ auf. Sie ist im wesentlichen durch die Wahl des Referenzbereichs (Bereich unterer Einkommen oder gesellschaftliche Mitte) sowie durch den politisch gesetzten Abstand des Regelbedarfs vom gewählten Referenzbereich bestimmt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Aktuelle Mikrosimulationsstudien zur Einführung eines partiellen bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens in Deutschland: Eine kritische Analyse (2022)
Spermann, Alexander;Zitatform
Spermann, Alexander (2022): Aktuelle Mikrosimulationsstudien zur Einführung eines partiellen bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens in Deutschland: Eine kritische Analyse. (FRIBIS discussion paper series 2022,1), Freiburg, 11 S.
Abstract
"Mikrosimulationsstudien sind ein empirisches Standardinstrument zur ex ante-Evaluation wirtschaftspolitischer Vorschläge. Der Vorschlag eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen für Deutschland wurde in den letzten zwanzig Jahren immer wieder mit diesem Instrument simuliert - und aus fiskalischen Gründen nach Berücksichtigung von Verhaltensanpassungen am Arbeitsmarkt verworfen. Im Jahr 2021 wurden auch Berechnungen zu partiellen Grundeinkommensmodellen in Deutschland vorgelegt. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dargestellt und kritisch analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die negativen Beschäftigungseffekte und die fiskalischen Kosten eines partiellen Grundeinkommens durch die Art der Modellierung überzeichnet werden. Der Autor befürwortet weitere Mikrosimulationsstudien mit einer verbesserten Modellierung. Dagegen liefern Mikrosimulationsstudien zur Kindergrundsicherung - einem bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen für Kinder - bereits weitreichende, jedoch noch nicht ausreichende empirische Evidenz für Politikentscheidungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Investment-Specific Technological Change and Universal Basic Income in the U.S (2022)
Vedor, Bernardo;Zitatform
Vedor, Bernardo (2022): Investment-Specific Technological Change and Universal Basic Income in the U.S. (MPRA paper 111675), München, 29 S.
Abstract
"Since 1980, income and wealth inequality increased gradually in the U.S. Several solutions have been proposed, namely the introduction of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) system. In order to assess whether a UBI financed by a progressive labor tax is a viable solution to reduce inequality, we develop an overlapping generations model, with multiple sources of technological change and four different occupations. Calibrating the model to the U.S. we find that the welfare-maximizing level of UBI is actually quite low, 0.5% of GDP. Even though a higher UBI would decrease income and wealth inequality, it would negatively affect economic efficiency and make all types of agents worse off. The main mechanism is the distortionary effect of higher labor income taxation on capital accumulation which prevents the economy from incorporating the gains from investment-specific technological progress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Removing Welfare Traps: Employment Responses in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment (2022)
Verho, Jouko; Hämäläinen, Kari; Kanninen, Ohto;Zitatform
Verho, Jouko, Kari Hämäläinen & Ohto Kanninen (2022): Removing Welfare Traps: Employment Responses in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 501-522. DOI:10.1257/pol.20200143
Abstract
"This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland in which 2,000 benefit recipients were randomized to receive a monthly basic income. The experiment lowered participation tax rates by 23 percentage points for full-time employment. Despite the considerable increase in work incentives, days in employment remained statistically unchanged in the first year of the experiment. Moreover, even though all job search requirements were waived, participation in reemployment services remained high." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Automatisierung und die Zukunft der Arbeit (2021)
Benanav, Aaron;Zitatform
Benanav, Aaron (2021): Automatisierung und die Zukunft der Arbeit. (Edition Suhrkamp), Berlin: Suhrkamp, 195 S.
Abstract
"Zukunftsforscher, Technikutopistinnen und marxistische Gesellschaftskritiker malen in seltener Übereinstimmung ein düsteres Szenario an die Wand: Über kurz oder lang übernehmen Roboter, selbstfahrende Autos und Algorithmen unsere Jobs. Digitalisierung und Automatisierung machen Millionen von Arbeitnehmern überflüssig. Aber ist wirklich der technologische Wandel der entscheidende Faktor hinter diesem tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel der Arbeitswelt? Aaron Benanav widerspricht dem »Automatisierungsdiskurs« und zeigt, dass die eigentlichen Ursachen in einer Verlangsamung der Produktivitätssteigerung und des Wachstums zu suchen sind. Eine Zukunft, in der Mensch und Maschine nicht miteinander konkurrieren, ist möglich, dafür bedarf es jedoch einer demokratischen Organisation der Wirtschaft." (Autorenreferat, © 2021 Suhrkamp)
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal Independence Income. A EUROMOD Utopian Simulation in the UK (2021)
Bezzo Bonomi, Franco;Zitatform
Bezzo Bonomi, Franco (2021): Universal Independence Income. A EUROMOD Utopian Simulation in the UK. (EUROMOD working paper 2021,03), Colchester, 69 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we want to provide an utopian attempt to tackle inequality and to tackle, most specifically, what we consider the cultural and ethical origin of inequality: paid work. We believe that a globalised world, structured around the asymmetry between an increasingly small number of employers and an increasing, almost unlimited, supply of always available employees, leads to increasing inequalities. Under our perspective, in the post-industrialised economies of all major developed countries, paid work cannot be seen anymore as an instrument of self-determination (Marx, 1844) but becomes the main generator of exploitation and poverty. For this reason, we try to develop a benefit with attached strong disincentives to paid work that should provide people with an exit strategy and higher bargaining power. After presenting the main typologies of income benefits that are normally in use or discussed we provide a theoretical explanation of the Universal Independence Income (UII) benefit we want to introduce. We simulate the introduction of our preferred version of UII, two variations of UII and five forms of Universal Basic Income (UBI) to be compared with the tax and benefit system currently in place in the UK. Our main findings suggest that UII has a positive effect on inequality an almost null effect on poverty and strong positive effects on work disincentives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Mikrosimulation verschiedener Varianten eines Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens in Deutschland (2021)
Zitatform
Blömer, Maximilian & Andreas Peichl (2021): Mikrosimulation verschiedener Varianten eines Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens in Deutschland. (Ifo-Forschungsberichte 121), München, 56 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Report zeigen wir die Simulation verschiedener Varianten eines Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens (BGE) in Deutschland. Wir greifen dafür auf eine Standardmethode der Evaluation von Reformvorschlägen im Steuer- und Transfersystem zurück -- die Mikrosimulation. Es gibt zahlreiche potenzielle Wirkungskanäle eines BGE. Hier beschränken wir uns auf die Auswirkungen auf das Arbeitsangebot und die Einkommensverteilung im Kontext eines strukturellen Arbeitsangebotsmodells der Modellklasse „Discrete Choice"." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Die Auswirkungen der bedarfsorientierten Grundsicherung auf das Verhalten der Haushalte – ein Überblick (2021)
Zitatform
Blömer, Maximilian Joseph, Sebastian Link, Andreas Peichl & Marc Stöckli (2021): Die Auswirkungen der bedarfsorientierten Grundsicherung auf das Verhalten der Haushalte – ein Überblick. (Ifo-Forschungsberichte 120), München, 54 S.
Abstract
"In der Öffentlichkeit wird seit einiger Zeit verstärkt eine grundlegende Reform des Sozialsystems in Deutschland diskutiert, deren Forderungen bis hin zur Einführung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens gehen. Hintergrund sind zum einen zahlreiche Kritikpunkte am bestehenden System der Grundsicherung in Deutschland. Ein wesentlicher Grund hierfür ist die Interaktion verschiedener Transferleistungen, welche teilweise unterschiedliche Verteilungs- und Anreizziele verfolgen. Zum anderen stehen wir aufgrund von Globalisierung, Digitalisierung und technischem Fortschritt vor großen Herausforderungen, aber auch neuen Chancen. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob das bestehende Sozialsystem hierfür gewappnet ist und neue Chancen nutzen kann. Gleichzeitig ist die Literatur in den letzten Jahren um Analysen der Wirkung von Hartz-IV und weiterer Elemente des bestehenden Sozialsystems in Deutschland, sowie um teilweise experimentelle Studien zu Grundeinkommenskonzepten in anderen Ländern, gewachsen. Diese Studie gibt einen Überblick über die Literatur und die Auswirkungen der bedarfsorientierten Grundsicherung auf das Verhalten der Haushalte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Sustainable welfare: How do universal basic income and universal basic services compare? (2021)
Büchs, Milena;Zitatform
Büchs, Milena (2021): Sustainable welfare: How do universal basic income and universal basic services compare? In: Ecological economics, Jg. 189. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107152
Abstract
"The newly emerging concept of sustainable welfare refers to welfare systems which aim to satisfy everyone's needs within planetary boundaries and to decouple the welfare-growth nexus. Both Universal Basic Income (UBI) and Universal Basic Services (UBS) have been discussed as suitable, but potentially competing, approaches that could support sustainable welfare. This paper contributes to this debate by asking how UBI and UBS compare in relation to four sustainable welfare criteria: a) planetary boundaries, b) needs satisfaction, c) fair distribution, and d) democratic governance. The paper argues that UBI and UBS are not so much conflicting but complementary approaches for supporting sustainable welfare. UBI focuses on the consumption side of the economy while UBS addresses the production side more directly, both of which would be relevant in any sustainable welfare system. Sustainable welfare outcomes of UBI and UBS would be shaped by the institutional contexts within which they operate, especially by the governance of markets, collective provisioning systems and decision-making at all levels. More attention needs to be paid to these institutional contexts when discussing potential sustainable welfare outcomes of UBI and UBS." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income: Lessons from the Finnish BI Experiment 2017-2018 (2021)
Zitatform
Kangas, Olli, Signe Jauhiainen, Miska Simanainen & Minna Ylikanno (Hrsg.) (2021): Experimenting with Unconditional Basic Income. Lessons from the Finnish BI Experiment 2017-2018. Cheltenham: Elgar, 224 S. DOI:10.4337/9781839104855
Abstract
"This discerning book provides a comprehensive analysis of the nationwide randomised Finnish basic income experiment 2017 to 2018, from planning and implementation through to the end results. It presents the background of the social policy system in which the experiment was implemented and details the narratives of the planning process alongside its constraints, as well as a final evaluation of the results." (Author's abstract, Copyright © Edward Elgar Publishing) ((en))