Gewinn- und Kapitalbeteiligung von Beschäftigten
Die finanzielle Beteiligung von Beschäftigten am Erfolg und am Kapital "ihres" Unternehmens hat positive Auswirkungen auf die Unternehmensproduktivität und die Motivation der Beschäftigten. Durch flexiblere Lohnstrukturen können Beteiligungssysteme auch zu mehr Beschäftigung führen.
Dieses Themendossier bietet Informationen zur Verbreitung von Beteiligungssystemen sowie zu den Produktivitäts- und Beschäftigungseffekten von Mitarbeitenden-Beteiligungen. Darüber hinaus werden die Positionen der Akteure wiedergegeben.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Do employee-owned firms produce more positive employee behavioural outcomes? If not why not?: A British-Spanish comparative analysis (2018)
Basterretxea, Imanol; Storey, John;Zitatform
Basterretxea, Imanol & John Storey (2018): Do employee-owned firms produce more positive employee behavioural outcomes? If not why not? A British-Spanish comparative analysis. In: BJIR, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 292-319. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12247
Abstract
"Whether 'employee ownership' takes the form of worker cooperatives, co-ownership or simply employee share ownership plans, there are normally high expectations that a range of positive outcomes will result. Yet many empirically based studies tend to find a much more complex picture. An influential segment of that empirical literature has posited the need for a number of mutually reinforcing workforce management components to be in place alongside co-ownership. Drawing on detailed case research in two large and successful co-owned retailers in Spain and Britain this paper examines the role of these wider elements supporting employee ownership. We find that employee ownership can be linked to higher productivity and lower employee turnover, while at the same time being linked to higher absenteeism and mixed effects on attitudes. Expectations held by managers and employees are higher; these expectations are not always fully met. The role of managers was also found to be crucial." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Finanzielle Mitarbeiterbeteiligung in Deutschland: Gewinn- und Kapitalbeteiligung von Mitarbieter: Eine Studie vor dem Hintergrund des Mitarbeiterkapitalbeteiligungsgesetzes und der Wirtschaftskrise 2008 (2018)
Czaya, Axel; Matiaske, Wenzel;Zitatform
Czaya, Axel & Wenzel Matiaske (2018): Finanzielle Mitarbeiterbeteiligung in Deutschland. Gewinn- und Kapitalbeteiligung von Mitarbieter: Eine Studie vor dem Hintergrund des Mitarbeiterkapitalbeteiligungsgesetzes und der Wirtschaftskrise 2008. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 111), Düsseldorf, 146 S.
Abstract
"Die finanzielle Mitarbeiterbeteiligung wird zwar gerne als Instrument mit vielfältigen Vorzügen gelobt. Gleichwohl hinkt ihre die Nutzung in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich hinterher. Auf Grundlage dreier repräsentativer Befragungen im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2015 untersuchen die Autoren die Hintergründe. Während Erfolgs- und Gewinnbeteiligungen ihren festen Platz in deutschen Betrieben einnehmen, wird das Potential von Kapitalbeteiligungen kaum erschlossen. Daran haben auch die Finanzkrise von 2008 und das Mitarbeiterkapitalbeteiligungsgesetz von 2009 wenig geändert." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Economic consequences of occupational deregulation: Natural experiment in the German crafts (2018)
Zitatform
Damelang, Andreas, Andreas Haupt & Martin Abraham (2018): Economic consequences of occupational deregulation. Natural experiment in the German crafts. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 61, H. 1, S. 34-49. DOI:10.1177/0001699316688513
Abstract
"This paper provides new evidence of occupational closure and rent-sharing in the labour market. In many labour market segments, occupational closure refers only to self-employed positions, but not to employees within these occupations. We study the relation of changes in entry regulation for firms and the corresponding economic consequences for employees within these firms. Based on bargaining theory, we argue that economic rents are shared with employees. In order to identify this 'indirect' channel of occupational closure, this paper uses a major reform in the German craft sector in 2004. This reform relaxes entry regulation into self-employment in more than half of the craft occupations. By using rich administrative data in a fixed-effects framework, we compare wages of employees in both markets pre- and post-reform. We find that employees in the reformed market are negatively affected after the reform. This proves the existence of former wage rents due to rent-sharing in closed market segments. This average wage effect, however, is not constant for all employees. If employees can make a credible threat to the employer to take advantage of deregulation and set up their own business, they can counteract the negative wage effects of the reform. As a consequence, our empirical results show that wages of young and skilled employees are less affected by the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Codetermination losing ground (2018)
Ellguth, Peter;Zitatform
Ellguth, Peter (2018): Codetermination losing ground. In: IAB-Forum H. 14.06.2018, o. Sz., 2018-06-11.
Abstract
"Like collective bargaining coverage, codetermination is becoming less and less significant in German companies. Only a minority of employees, especially in East Germany, work in companies with a works council." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Firm wage premia, industrial relations, and rent sharing in Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Boris & Steffen Müller (2018): Firm wage premia, industrial relations, and rent sharing in Germany. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere 2018,02), Halle, 40 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the influence of industrial relations on firm wage premia in Germany. OLS regressions for the firm effects from a two-way fixed effects decomposition of workers' wages by Card, Heining, and Kline (2013) document that average premia are larger in firms bound by collective agreements and in firms with a works council, holding constant firm performance. RIF regressions show that premia are less dispersed among covered firms but more dispersed among firms with a works council. Hence, deunionisation is the only among the suspects investigated that contributes to explaining the marked rise in the premia dispersion over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Annual economic survey of employee share ownership in European countries 2017 (2018)
Mathieu, Marc;Zitatform
Mathieu, Marc (2018): Annual economic survey of employee share ownership in European countries 2017. (Annual economic survey of employee share ownership in European countries), Brüssel, 206 S.
Abstract
"207 pages evolution 2006-2017 main findings of census 2017 more than 100 tables and graphs democratization rate in various countries list of all most remarkable companies ordinary employees and top executives employee representation on boards discrimination in voting rights listed companies employee-owned non-listed companies and much more.
Not just a sample but an exhaustive picture based on the EFES database (the 2.700 European companies gathering 95% of employment in all European listed companies)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Exit-Kapitalismus revisited: der Einfluss privaten Risikokapitals auf Unternehmensentscheidungen, Marktrisiken und Arbeitsqualität in technologieintensiven Jungunternehmen (2018)
Staab, Philipp;Zitatform
Staab, Philipp (2018): Exit-Kapitalismus revisited. Der Einfluss privaten Risikokapitals auf Unternehmensentscheidungen, Marktrisiken und Arbeitsqualität in technologieintensiven Jungunternehmen. In: Leviathan, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 212-231. DOI:10.5771/0340-0425-2018-2-212
Abstract
"Zur Beschreibung des Dotcom-Booms der 1990er Jahre prägte Stefan Kühl den Begriff des Exit-Kapitalismus. Im Exit-Kapitalismus nimmt privates Risikokapital umfassenden Einfluss auf Unternehmensentscheidungen in Startups, was spezifische Effekte für die Entwicklung dieses Feldes hat. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Ziele und Profitstrategien von Risikokapitalgeber_innen auch heute großen Einfluss auf Entwicklungen in der deutschen Startup-Szene haben. Erstens bilden wieder spektakuläre Exits und nicht langfristiger Unternehmenserfolg die zentrale Profitperspektive risikokapitalintensiver Startups, was systematische wirtschaftliche Risiken impliziert. Zweitens hat sich das Exit-Geschehen aber von der Kapitalisierung durch Börsengänge hin zu Akquisitionen verschoben, wodurch sich potenzielle Risiken vom Finanzmarkt auf akquisitionsstarke Unternehmen und deren Beschäftigte verlagern. Drittens wird gezeigt, dass die Kalküle privaten Risikokapitals bis in die Arbeitssituation vordringen können, worunter die Arbeitsqualität in Startups leidet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
What's behind the increase in inequality? (2017)
Appelbaum, Eileen;Zitatform
Appelbaum, Eileen (2017): What's behind the increase in inequality? Washington, DC, 21 S.
Abstract
"The focus of this paper is the increase in earnings inequality over the last 30-plus years. Economists have well-developed theories that explain differences in wage levels among different categories of workers. Differences in educational attainment and skills are a major source of these differences; large organizations typically employ workers with a wide range of skills and responsibilities and pay them accordingly. As a result, the level of wage inequality within organizations is quite large. This paper does not challenge these results. It argues, however, that these theories are not adequate to explain a relatively recent phenomenon: the increase in recent decades in wage inequality among workers with similar levels of education and similar demographic characteristics who are employed in similar occupations but in different firms or establishments. These differences in wages are how most people experience inequality. Yet much of the analysis by economists has focused on developments that have enabled leading firms in the U.S. to increase their ability to extract monopoly rents.
This paper reviews a wide-ranging literature that examines the increased ability of leading firms to extract monopoly rents. It also reviews the more recent and still thin literature on the increase in inequality among workers with similar characteristics but different employers. The contribution of this paper is the identification of a mechanism that reconciles these two strains of economic research and explains how the increase in rent extraction is linked to the increasingly unequal pay of U.S. workers with similar characteristics. I draw on joint work with Rosemary Batt (2014) to identify new opportunities for rent seeking behavior, and on joint work with Annette Bernhardt, Rosemary Batt and Susan Houseman (2016, 2017) on domestic outsourcing, inter-firm contracting and the growing importance of production networks to establish a mechanism that connects the increase in rents with this new type of increase in wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
15 Jahre IAB-Betriebspanel Hessen: Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse im Kurzporträt (2017)
Bennewitz, Emanuel;Zitatform
Bennewitz, Emanuel (2017): 15 Jahre IAB-Betriebspanel Hessen. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse im Kurzporträt. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Hessen 01/2017), Nürnberg, 40 S.
Abstract
"Das IAB-Betriebspanel ist eine repräsentative Arbeitgeberbefragung des Institutes für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung und erhebt betriebliche Bestimmungsgrößen der Beschäftigung. Die Befragung wird in Westdeutschland seit 1993 und in Ostdeutschland seit 1996 durchgeführt. Dank der finanziellen Beteiligung der Hessischen Landesregierung, des Europäischen Sozialfonds und der Regionaldirektion Hessen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit ist seit dem Jahr 2001 auch eine repräsentative Auswertung der Befragungsergebnisse für das Bundesland Hessen möglich.
Damit feierte das IAB-Betriebspanel 2015 in Hessen sein 15-jähriges Bestehen. Anlässlich dieses Jubiläums möchte der Beitrag die Bedeutung dieser Arbeitgeberbefragung für die Darstellung der betrieblichen Nachfrageseite in Hessen hervorheben. Dies erfolgt anhand einer Zusammenfassung der zentralen Ergebnisse der Befragungswelle aus dem Jahr 2015. Ein Überblick über die Geschichte des IAB-Betriebspanels sowie die Beschreibung methodischer Aspekte wie etwa der Gestaltung des Fragebogens, des Stichprobendesigns oder der Befragung an sich runden diesen Beitrag ab.
Am Ende wird sich zeigen, dass der Erfolg des IAB-Betriebspanels begründet ist durch die stetige Weiterentwicklung und die Fähigkeit, aktuelle Fragen von Wirtschaft und Politik aus Sicht der Betriebe zu beantworten. Dennoch lebt das IAB-Betriebspanel in Hessen allein durch die Teilnahmebereitschaft der im Schnitt jährlich etwa 1.000 befragten Betriebe. Denn nur anhand der Antworten der im Jahr 2015 insgesamt 1.046 befragten Betriebsvertreter ist es möglich, repräsentative Aussagen über die hochgerechnet etwa 158 Tsd. Betriebe und rund 3.055 Tsd. Erwerbstätigen des Jahres 2015 zu treffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Pay for performance and beyond (2017)
Holmström, Bengt;Zitatform
Holmström, Bengt (2017): Pay for performance and beyond. In: The American economic review, Jg. 107, H. 7, S. 1753-1777. DOI:10.1257/aer.107.7.1753
Abstract
"Incentives are often associated with narrow financial rewards such as bonuses or executive stock options. But in general such rewards are just a small part of the design of incentives. Properly designed incentive systems have to take into account the full portfolio of activities that the agent can engage in, the array of instruments, many nonfinancial, that are available to influence individuals and consider the factors that motivate them in different settings. Thinking about incentives as a system of interacting instruments and influences has been a major advance in the economics of incentives in recent years. In this lecture I will describe the path from pay for performance to the broader view of incentive systems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The adoption and termination of profit sharing for employees: does management's attitude play a role? (2017)
Zitatform
Jirjahn, Uwe (2017): The adoption and termination of profit sharing for employees. Does management's attitude play a role? In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 2, S. 108-127. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1311001
Abstract
"Examinations on the determinants of profit sharing usually focus on objective firm characteristics. Using data from manufacturing firms in Germany, this study shows that managers' subjective attitudes towards profit sharing also play an important role in the adoption and termination of this payment scheme. Positive management attitudes are associated with an increased likelihood of adopting profit sharing. While to some extent this entails failed experimentation, positive managerial attitudes also substantially contribute to a sustained use of profit sharing. The pattern of results holds even when controlling for a variety of objective firm characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Annual economic survey of employee share ownership in European countries 2016 (2017)
Mathieu, Marc;Zitatform
Mathieu, Marc (2017): Annual economic survey of employee share ownership in European countries 2016. (Annual economic survey of employee share ownership in European countries), Brüssel, 199 S.
Abstract
"200 pages evolution 2006-2016 main findings of census 2016 more than 100 tables and graphs democratization rate in various countries list of all most remarkable companies ordinary employees and top executives employee representation on boards discrimination in voting rights listed companies employee-owned non-listed companies and much more.
Not just a sample but an exhaustive picture based on the EFES database (the 2.600 European companies gathering 95% of employment in all European listed companies)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Levels of employee share ownership and the performance of listed companies in Europe (2017)
Richter, Ansgar; Schrader, Susanne;Zitatform
Richter, Ansgar & Susanne Schrader (2017): Levels of employee share ownership and the performance of listed companies in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 396-420. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12169
Abstract
"We investigate the effects of employee share ownership (ESO) on three alternative measures of firm performance in a panel of 1115 companies from the five largest European economies. The results show that firms with ESO enjoy significantly higher levels of capital market performance and of accounting performance than firms without ESO however, the marginal effects of ESO are declining with increasing ESO levels. ESO does not have a clear effect on productivity. These findings hold for all countries except Spain. Variations in ESO levels within firms over time exert little performance effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are firms with financial participation of employees better off in a crisis?: Evidence from the IAB Establishment Panel Survey (2016)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz & Iris Möller (2016): Are firms with financial participation of employees better off in a crisis? Evidence from the IAB Establishment Panel Survey. In: Management Revue, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 304-320., 2016-04-11. DOI:10.1688/mrev-2016-Bellmann
Abstract
"In 2008/09 many countries all over the world were hit by a deep recession. At the beginning of the economic and financial crises a discussion about the practicability of financial participation of employees as an instrument to overcome the crises was initiated in Germany. Especially liquidity and productivity arguments were mentioned. This paper explores empirically whether firms having financial participation schemes of employees were better off during this turbulent time period. We focus on the function of financial participation schemes to stabilize employment and to avoid human capital losses, which is quite important in economic downturns. Our empirical analysis is based on the IAB-Establishment Panel Survey, which consists of almost 16,000 interviews every year. Our findings reveal that profit sharing and employee share ownership schemes are not outstanding crisis instruments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do broad-based employee ownership, profit sharing and stock options help the best firms do even better? (2016)
Zitatform
Blasi, Joseph, Richard Freeman & Douglas Kruse (2016): Do broad-based employee ownership, profit sharing and stock options help the best firms do even better? In: BJIR, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 55-82. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12135
Abstract
"This article analyses the linkages among group incentive methods of compensation (broad-based employee ownership, profit sharing and stock options), labour practices, worker assessments of workplace culture, turnover and firm performance in firms that applied to the '100 Best Companies to Work For in America' competition from 2005 to 2007. Although employers with good labour practices self-select into the 100 Best Companies firms sample, which should bias the analysis against finding strong associations among modes of compensation, labour policies and outcomes, we find that employees in the firms that use group incentive pay more extensively participate more in decisions, have greater information sharing, trust supervisors more and report a more positive workplace culture than in other companies. The combination of group incentive pay with policies that empower employees and create a positive workplace culture reduces voluntary turnover and increases employee intent to stay and raises return on equity." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Share capitalism and worker wellbeing (2016)
Zitatform
Bryson, Alex, Andrew E. Clark, Richard B. Freeman & Colin P. Green (2016): Share capitalism and worker wellbeing. In: Labour economics, Jg. 42, H. October, S. 151-158. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.09.002
Abstract
"We show that worker wellbeing is determined not only by the amount of compensation workers receive but also by how compensation is determined. While previous theoretical and empirical work has often been preoccupied with individual performance-related pay, we find that the receipt of a range of group-performance schemes (profit shares, group bonuses and share ownership) is associated with higher job satisfaction. This holds conditional on wage levels, so that pay methods are associated with greater job satisfaction in addition to that coming from higher wages. We use a variety of methods to control for unobserved individual and job-specific characteristics. We suggest that half of the share-capitalism effect is accounted for by employees reciprocating for the 'gift'; we also show that share capitalism helps dampen the negative wellbeing effects of what we typically think of as 'bad' aspects of job quality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Financialisation of wages and works councils' policy: Profit sharing in the German metalworking and electrical engineering industries (2016)
Haipeter, Thomas;Zitatform
Haipeter, Thomas (2016): Financialisation of wages and works councils' policy. Profit sharing in the German metalworking and electrical engineering industries. In: Management Revue, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 261-284. DOI:10.1688/mrev-2016-Haipeter
Abstract
"Profit sharing wages are of growing importance in Germany. They are indicating a nascent trend of financialisation of wages. However, little is known about the regulation of profit sharing wages especially on plant level and the way they affect the policies of works councils. Plant level wage policy is a subject of codetermination according to the German Works Constitutions Act, and wage policy has always been one of the most crucial topics of works councils' activities. What is the role works councils play regarding the negotiation and regulation of profit sharing wages? What is the collective interest they define and pursue in this respect? And what are the effects of wage financialisation on the legitimacy of works councils? These questions are analysed with respect to the development of profit sharing wages in the German metalworking industry. Based on a variety of research methods, our analysis shows that profit sharing wages are a source of legitimacy for the works councils. In many cases the works councils, usually regarded as victims of financialisation, are actively striving for the financialisation of wages in their companies. However, they have to cope with the problem that profit sharing nowadays is based on a redistribution of income between capital and labour, between firms and between different categories of employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The adoption and termination of profit sharing for employees: does management's attitude play a role? (2016)
Zitatform
Jirjahn, Uwe (2016): The adoption and termination of profit sharing for employees. Does management's attitude play a role? (Universität Trier. Research papers in economics 2016,01), Trier, 35 S.
Abstract
"Examinations on the determinants of profit sharing usually focus on objective firm characteristics. Using data from manufacturing firms in Germany, this study shows that managers' subjective attitudes towards profit sharing also play an important role in the adoption and termination of this payment scheme. Positive management attitudes are associated with an increased likelihood of adopting profit sharing. While to some extent this entails failed experimentation, positive managerial attitudes also substantially contribute to a sustained use of profit sharing. The pattern of results holds even when controlling for a variety of objective firm characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungstrends im Freistaat Bayern 2015: Teil II: Repräsentative Analysen auf Basis des IAB-Betriebspanels 2015 (2016)
Kistler, Ernst; Baier, Carolin; Schiller, Olivia; Wiegel, Constantin; Eigenhüller, Lutz; Hoffmann, Antje; Böhme, Stefan;Zitatform
Kistler, Ernst & Constantin Wiegel (2016): Beschäftigungstrends im Freistaat Bayern 2015. Teil II: Repräsentative Analysen auf Basis des IAB-Betriebspanels 2015. (Beschäftigungstrends im Freistaat Bayern 2015,2), Stadtbergen, 93 S.
Abstract
"Das IAB-Betriebspanel für Bayern basiert auf Angaben aus Interviews mit Inhabern bzw. Personalverantwortlichen von 1.212 bayerischen Betrieben. Die Angaben sind damit repräsentativ für alle bayerischen Betriebe und Dienststellen mit mindestens einem sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigungsverhältnis. Dieser Bericht dokumentiert den zweiten Teil der Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung. Er enthält Aussagen zur betrieblichen Beschäftigungspolitik hinsichtlich Investitionen und Innovationen der Betriebe, den Personalzu- und -abgängen, Neueinstellungen und Kündigungen, offenen Stellen und Personalbedarf, Daten zu den Entwicklungen der Löhne und Gehälter, der Kapital- und Erfolgsbeteiligung von Beschäftigten, zur Tarifbindung, den Arbeitszeiten und der betrieblichen Weiterbildung sowie zu den betrieblichen Altersstrukturen, den Maßnahmen für ältere Beschäftigte und zum Einstellungsverhalten der Betriebe gegenüber Älteren. (IAB)" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Just a question of selection?: the causal effect of profit sharing on a firm's performance (2016)
Zitatform
Kraft, Kornelius & Julia Lang (2016): Just a question of selection? The causal effect of profit sharing on a firm's performance. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 444-467., 2015-03-21. DOI:10.1111/irel.12145
Abstract
"Using German firm panel data, we analyze the productivity effects of profit sharing. Because selectivity should pose a severe problem in this context, we combine matching with a difference-in-differences approach. This method enables us to rule out potential bias. Our results suggest that selectivity does indeed matter. Firms with very special characteristics apply profit sharing. We find that these establishments are already more productive before they decide to implement profit sharing. Nevertheless, after accounting for selection, our results show that the introduction of profit sharing leads to a significantly higher productivity in these firms." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))