Arbeit und Fairness – zum Gerechtigkeitsempfinden von Beschäftigten
Der Arbeitsmarkt unterscheidet sich von vielen anderen Märkten dadurch, dass die Akteure in ein Netz persönlicher Beziehungen eingebunden sind. Fairness, Vertrauen und Loyalität spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Unternehmen und Beschäftigte sind nicht nur "Homo Oeconomicus", sie lassen sich bei ihren Entscheidungen auch von Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen leiten. Was aber als fair und gerecht empfunden wird, unterliegt vielfältigen Einflüssen. Dieses Themendossier erschließt die wichtigsten Aspekte der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion um Fairness, Gerechtigkeit, Markt und Moral auf dem Arbeitsmarkt.
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Literaturhinweis
Wage Structures, Fairness Perceptions, and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data (2023)
Zitatform
Mohrenweiser, Jens & Christian Pfeifer (2023): Wage Structures, Fairness Perceptions, and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data. In: Journal of happiness studies, Jg. 24, H. 7, S. 2291-2308. DOI:10.1007/s10902-023-00680-0
Abstract
"The paper investigates the impact of firms’ wage structures and workers’ wage fairness perceptions on workers’ well-being. For this purpose, worker and establishment surveys are linked with administrative social security data. Four variables are generated, using approximately half a million worker-year observations, that describe firms’ wage structures and workers’ positions within the wage structures: own absolute wages, internal reference wages within firms, external reference wages, and the wage dispersion in firms. The interrelations between these wage structure variables, workers’ perceived wage fairness, and job satisfaction are then analyzed using regressions. Interpersonal wage comparisons between co-workers in the same firm and across firms as well as wage fairness perceptions are found to be significant determinants of workers’ well-being. The overall findings suggest that equity and social status considerations as well as altruistic preferences towards co-workers and inequality aversion are more important than signal considerations in this context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies (2023)
Zitatform
Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah, Marco A. Schwarz, Chi Trieu & Jana Willrodt (2023): Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies. In: The Economic Journal, Jg. 133, H. 656, S. 3099-3135. DOI:10.1093/ej/uead063
Abstract
"Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. In a laboratory experiment, we study three quota rules in tournaments that favor individuals whose performance is low, either due to discrimination, low productivity, or choice of a short working time. Affirmative action favoring discriminated individuals is perceived as fairest, followed by that targeting individuals with a short working time, while favoring low-productivity individuals is not perceived as fairer than an absence of affirmative action. Higher fairness perceptions coincide with a higher willingness to compete and less retaliation against winners, underlining that fairness perceptions matter for the consequences of affirmative action." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The perceived fair duration of unemployment benefits for older workers. The role of lifetime achievements in the labour market (2023)
Zitatform
Senghaas, Monika, Christopher Osiander, Gesine Stephan, Olaf Struck & Richard Wolff (2023): The perceived fair duration of unemployment benefits for older workers. The role of lifetime achievements in the labour market. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 164-177., 2022-08-03. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12558
Abstract
"The welfare state regulates social policies and reallocates scarce resources. For the social legitimacy of the welfare state, it is important that the public supports the principles underlying this reallocation. This article examines the impact of different activities during the life course on public deservingness perceptions of older unemployed people. In a factorial survey experiment conducted among a random sample of individuals drawn from German administrative employment records, we examine the maximum duration of benefit receipt which is perceived as fair for older unemployed persons with different biographies. The results indicate strong public support for a nexus between previous contributions and benefit entitlements. Besides financial contributions to unemployment insurance, parenting and further training are considered to be ‘lifetime achievements’ which justify longer unemployment benefit receipt. We interpret these findings as an expression of a generalised form of reciprocity which guides perceptions of deservingness regarding older unemployed persons." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty (2022)
Zitatform
Hufe, Paul, Ravi Kanbur & Andreas Peichl (2022): Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 89, H. 6, S. 3345-3380. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdab101
Abstract
"Empirical evidence on distributional preferences shows that people do not judge inequality as problematic per se but that they take into account the fairness or unfairness of the outcome. This article conceptualizes a view of unfair inequality and introduces a new measure of inequality based on two widely held fairness principles: equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty. It develops a method for decomposing inequality and its trends into an unfair and a fair component. We provide two empirical applications of our measure. First, we analyse the development of inequality in the US from 1969 to 2014 from a fairness perspective. Second, we conduct a corresponding international comparison between the US and 31 European countries in 2010. Our results document that unfair inequality matches the well-documented inequality growth in the US since 1980. This trend is driven by decreases in social mobility, i.e., increasing importance of parental education and occupation for the income of their children. Among the 32 countries of our international comparison, the land of opportunity ranks among the most unfair societies in 2010." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are fairness perceptions shaped by income inequality? evidence from Latin America (2022)
Zitatform
Reyes, Germán & Leonardo Gasparini (2022): Are fairness perceptions shaped by income inequality? evidence from Latin America. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 20, H. 4, S. 893-913. DOI:10.1007/s10888-022-09526-w
Abstract
"A common assumption in the literature is that the actual level of income inequality shapes individuals' beliefs about whether the income distribution is fair (“fairness views,” for short). However, individuals do not directly observe income inequality (which often leads to large misperceptions), nor do they consider all inequities to be unfair. In this paper, we empirically assess the link between objective measures of income inequality and fairness views in a context of high but decreasing income inequality. To do this, we combine opinion poll data with harmonized data from household surveys of 18 Latin American countries from 1997–2015. We find a strong and statistically significant relationship between income inequality and unfairness views across countries and over time. Unfairness views evolved in the same direction as income inequality for 17 out of the 18 countries in our sample. We find that individuals who are older, unemployed, and left-wing are, on average, more likely to perceive the income distribution as very unfair. Finally, we find that fairness views and income inequality have predictive power for individuals' self-reported propensity to mobilize and protest independent of each other, suggesting that these two variables capture different channels through which changes in the income distribution can affect social unrest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fairness perceptions regarding in-work benefits: a survey experiment (2022)
Zitatform
Senghaas, Monika, Christopher Osiander, Gesine Stephan & Olaf Struck (2022): Fairness perceptions regarding in-work benefits: a survey experiment. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 42, H. 13/14, S. 30-49., 2022-06-14. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-04-2022-0101
Abstract
"In many countries, individuals can receive welfare support whilst simultaneously being employed. The level of earned income that welfare recipients are allowed to keep has long been a subject of debate. Core issues include whether in-work benefit regulations provide incentives for individuals to expand labour market participation and are thus also socially effective and whether the population perceives welfare benefits for individuals who earn own income as fair. This article contributes to the debate about the social legitimacy of in-work benefit regulations by shedding light on the principles guiding judgements about an adequate amount of in-work benefit receipt. The authors use a factorial survey experiment to investigate which factors guide judgements about an adequate level of in-work benefit receipt. In the authors' factorial survey, the household composition, health status, and monthly earnings of a hypothetical in-work benefit recipient were varied experimentally. The study investigates Germany's basic income support programme, a means-tested social policy programme that targets both unemployed and employed individuals. The results show that respondents consider higher earnings retention rates for lower-income earners to be fair. This preference mirrors the German legislation, which is based on the principle of need. Furthermore, the presence of children and of physical as well as mental health impairments are associated with support for higher earnings retention rates. The findings suggest that citizens support the core features of in-work benefit regulations but do not consider in-work benefit recipients as a homogenous group when assessing the adequate level of benefit receipt." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Der Einfluss von Geschlechterrollenbildern auf die Zuschreibung gerechter Einkommen: Ergebnisse eines Vignettenexperiments (2022)
Stadtmüller, Sven ; Klages, Annika; Beithan, Yasmin; Jakob, Melina; Ettel, Sophia; Amelong, Laura; Hirsch, Nils-David;Zitatform
Stadtmüller, Sven, Laura Amelong, Yasmin Beithan, Sophia Ettel, Nils-David Hirsch, Melina Jakob & Annika Klages (2022): Der Einfluss von Geschlechterrollenbildern auf die Zuschreibung gerechter Einkommen. Ergebnisse eines Vignettenexperiments. (SocArXiv papers), 31 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/bhmeu
Abstract
"Im Jahr 2021 verdienten erwerbstätige Frauen, auch unter Kontrolle einkommensrelevanter Merkmale, etwa sechs Prozent weniger als Männer. Dieser bereinigte Gender Pay Gap spiegelt eine Lohndiskriminierung von Frauen, deren Ursachen wissenschaftlich nicht gesichert sind. Der folgende Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit Geschlechterrollenbilder die Zuschreibung gerechter Einkommen beeinflussen. Dabei lautet unsere Hypothese, dass besonders Personen mit traditionellen Rollenbildern bei der Zuschreibung gerechter Einkommen nach dem Geschlecht diskriminieren. Zur Prüfung dieser Hypothese nutzen wir Daten einer zufallsbasierten Online-Befragung in der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (n=301). Zentraler Bestandteil der Befragung war ein sogenanntes Vignettenexperiment, in dem die Befragten gebeten wurden, das als gerecht empfundene Einkommen von sechs fiktiven, beschäftigten Personen anzugeben. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen zwar für die Gesamtheit unserer Befragten keine Lohndiskriminierung von Frauen. Dennoch findet unsere Hypothese empirische Unterstützung: demnach sind es insbesondere Personen mit sehr traditionellen Geschlechterrollenbildern, die höhere Löhne für Männer als gerecht empfinden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Fairness of educational opportunities and income distribution: gender-sensitive analysis in a European comparative perspective (2022)
Zitatform
Stoilova, Rumiana & Petya Ilieva-Trychkova (2022): Fairness of educational opportunities and income distribution: gender-sensitive analysis in a European comparative perspective. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 1/2, S. 272-291. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2022-0065
Abstract
"Purpose: The focus of this article is on gender justice with respect to opportunities (educational) and outcome (earnings). The main research question is whether educational opportunities are positively converted into fairness of income, and for whom and where this is the case. The importance of this study lies in the understanding that the subjective feeling of justice is a significant measure of quality of life, of the individual's subjective feeling of happiness and of the fulfilment of the goals people have reason to value. Design/methodology/approach The study takes a micro-macro approach, combining macro-level data taken from official statistics and micro-data from the 2018 European Social Survey for 25 European countries; the authors also apply multilevel modelling to the data analysis. Findings At individual level the authors found gender differences in the associations between education and fairness of educational opportunities. With regard to the scope of fairness, the authors emphasise that fairness of educational opportunities and net pay in European countries is less likely to be felt by someone who has a lower educational level. Higher educational expenditures are positively correlated with fairness of educational opportunities but not with fairness of net pay. Originality/value This article contributes to theoretical, empirical and policy-relevant gender justice research on the link between inequalities and justice perceptions. The authors have expanded the theoretical understanding of the concept of gender justice by taking into account the role of a specific gender norm on fairness perceptions. The norm, when asked about in a gender-neutral way, is not associated with fairness of pay, but when posed as a question specifically to women, has a negative relationship with perceptions of fair pay. The empirical contribution consists in the evaluation of individual and country mechanisms from a gender justice perspective. The policy contribution consists in questioning the belief that longer paid maternity leave is beneficial for women. In countries with long paid leave available to mothers, women reported even lower levels of fairness of net pay than men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bewusstsein, Ansprüche und der „Soziale Wert der Arbeitskraft“ (2022)
Voswinkel, Stephan;Zitatform
Voswinkel, Stephan (2022): Bewusstsein, Ansprüche und der „Soziale Wert der Arbeitskraft“. In: Arbeits- und industriesoziologische Studien, Jg. 15, H. 1, S. 40-53.
Abstract
"Das Bewusstsein der Arbeitenden resultiert aus einer Auseinandersetzung der Subjekte mit den Bedingungen ihrer sozialen Lage, mit ihren Identitätszuschreibungen und mit ihren Ressourcen, es verarbeitet also das Sein. Die Situation in der Arbeit ist eingebettet in den gesamten Lebenszusammenhang. Inwieweit hierin der Arbeit eine zentrale Rolle zukommt, ist eine empirische Frage und wird fassbar im Rahmen von Lebensorientierungen. Das Bewusstsein ist wesentlich normativ strukturiert, so dass Wertigkeits- und Anerkennungsmustern für das Bewusstsein eine zentrale Rolle zukommt. Der Bezug auf kulturelle Einbettungen und Anerkennungsverhältnisse existiert nicht neben den ökonomischen Verhältnissen und der Interessenorientierung, sondern beide sind miteinander verschränkt. Arbeitssoziologisch fasst der Beitrag dies mit der Kategorie des Sozialen Werts der Arbeitskraft, in der verschiedene Ungleichheitsdimensionen und kulturelle Dimensionen ökonomisch relevant werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Workplace well-being: Shifting from an individual to an organizational framework (2022)
Zitatform
Wilcox, Annika & Amanda Koontz (2022): Workplace well-being: Shifting from an individual to an organizational framework. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 16, H. 10. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13035
Abstract
"Well-being (or lack thereof) is one phenomena that is shaped by and has important implications for organizational (in)equalities, yet remains widely conceptualized at an individual level. Through a review of previous research on organizational inequality and diversity, we argue for a shift towards studying “workplace well-being”—well-being as created by and through work organizations. We identify and discuss three pillars of workplace well-being and consider how these pillars are constituted across three levels of analysis. We note that “workplace well-being” offers a more theoretically- and empirically-grounded framework for understanding how well-being operates in the workplace. This concept can be utilized to “check” where organizational change is needed and develop change initiatives that better support diversity, inclusivity, and equity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
People weigh salaries more than ratios in judgments of income inequality, fairness, and demands for redistribution (2022)
Zitatform
Ziano, Ignazio, Christophe Lembregts & Mario Pandelaere (2022): People weigh salaries more than ratios in judgments of income inequality, fairness, and demands for redistribution. In: Journal of Economic Psychology, Jg. 89. DOI:10.1016/j.joep.2022.102495
Abstract
"Five experiments (total n = 2422, with U.S. American and French participants, four preregistered) show that people are more likely to use median salaries rather than CEO-median employee compensation ratios when making inequality and fairness judgments based on company compensation data. In separate evaluation of companies, we find no significant impact of compensation ratios, which express objective levels of income inequality, but a significant impact of median salaries. In joint evaluation, ratios have an impact, but median salaries have a bigger impact. Our results point to a difference between perceived and actual inequality indicators: people do not perceive inequality based on a widely-used indicator of inequality (compensation ratios), but rather use representative workers' salaries, and believe lower representative wages are connected to higher inequality. We discuss theoretical implications for the psychological understanding of economic inequality, and practical implications for the regulation of the presentation of compensation data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality and Unemployment in Germany: Perception and Reality (2021)
Zitatform
Hüther, Michael & Judith Niehues (2021): Inequality and Unemployment in Germany: Perception and Reality. In: Journal of contextual economics, Jg. 141, H. 1/2, S. 25-45. DOI:10.3790/schm.141.1-2.25
Abstract
"Data for the time before the corona pandemic reveal a largely positive picture of the economic and social development in Germany. Most individuals perceived their own situation as very positive, but their views on society are rather pessimistic and overly critical. Contrasting abstract redistributive preferences with prevailing norms of justice reveals further inconsistencies. Thus, it is increasingly unlikely that policymakers can adequately address the concerns and wishes of the population. The pronounced discrepancy between empirical findings on distributional aspects and citizens' perceptions constitutes a veritable problem for democratic processes. That is because this discrepancy is the basis for mistrust between citizens (principals) and politics (agents). Therefore, it becomes increasingly important that politicians explain the logic of their actions in an understandable way. An important prerequisite for more communicable politics is a comprehensive infrastructure for research data that enables politicians, the media, and the public to make valid assessments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lohngerechtigkeit und Geschlechternormen: Erhalten Männer eine Heiratsprämie? (2021)
Zitatform
Jann, Ben, Barbara Zimmermann & Andreas Diekmann (2021): Lohngerechtigkeit und Geschlechternormen: Erhalten Männer eine Heiratsprämie? In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 73, H. 2, S. 201-229. 2021-05-10. DOI:10.1007/s11577-021-00757-9
Abstract
"Der geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschied hat sich in der Schweiz ebenso wie in Deutschland in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten zwar leicht verringert, die Lücke ist aber immer noch beträchtlich und lässt sich nur zum Teil durch produktivitätsrelevante Faktoren erklären. Um zu untersuchen, ob sich ein entsprechender „gender wage gap“ auch darin wiederfindet, welche Löhne als gerecht angesehen werden, haben wir im Rahmen von Schweizer Bevölkerungsumfragen drei randomisierte Vignettenexperimente durchgeführt. Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen Experimenten wurde den Befragten nur jeweils eine Vignette vorgelegt, um Einflüsse sozialer Wünschbarkeit zu vermindern. Das erste Experiment belegt eine geschlechtsspezifische Doppelmoral bei der Einkommensbewertung: Bei Männern wurde ein gegebenes Einkommen eher als zu gering beurteilt als bei Frauen. Der Befund konnte in einem zweiten Experiment mit ähnlichem Design jedoch nicht repliziert werden, wobei ein zentraler Unterschied zwischen den beiden Experimenten in dem in den Vignetten beschriebenen Haushaltskontext lag. In einem dritten Experiment haben wir deshalb den Einfluss der familiären Situation systematisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nur bei verheirateten Personen ein Unterschied zwischen Frauen und Männern gemacht wird, nicht jedoch bei Singles. Im Einklang mit dem Stereotyp des männlichen Haupternährers zeigt sich ein ausgeprägter Effekt einer „Heiratsprämie“. Verheirateten Männern wird in der Wahrnehmung der Bevölkerung bei sonst gleichen Merkmalen ein höherer Lohn zugestanden als verheirateten Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
The paradox of inequality: income inequality and belief in meritocracy go hand in hand (2021)
Mijs, Jonathan J. B.;Zitatform
Mijs, Jonathan J. B. (2021): The paradox of inequality: income inequality and belief in meritocracy go hand in hand. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 7-35. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwy051
Abstract
"Inequality is on the rise: gains have been concentrated with a small elite, while most have seen their fortunes stagnate or fall. Despite what scholars and journalists consider a worrying trend, there is no evidence of growing popular concern about inequality. In fact, research suggests that citizens in unequal societies are less concerned than those in more egalitarian societies. How to make sense of this paradox? I argue that citizens’ consent to inequality is explained by their growing conviction that societal success is reflective of a meritocratic process. Drawing on 25 years of International Social Survey Program data, I show that rising inequality is legitimated by the popular belief that the income gap is meritocratically deserved: the more unequal a society, the more likely its citizens are to explain success in meritocratic terms, and the less important they deem nonmeritocratic factors such as a person’s family wealth and connections." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mitbestimmt ist nicht gleich mitbestimmt: Pfadabhängige Variation der Unternehmensmitbestimmung in Deutschland (2021)
Zitatform
Scholz, Robert & Sigurt Vitols (2021): Mitbestimmt ist nicht gleich mitbestimmt: Pfadabhängige Variation der Unternehmensmitbestimmung in Deutschland. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 317-341. DOI:10.3224/indbez.v28i3.05
Abstract
"Von Pfadabhängigkeit wird gesprochen, wenn Entscheidungen in der Vergangenheit die Handlungsoptionen heute beeinflussen oder sie sogar einengen. Der am Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung entwickelte Mitbestimmungsindex (MBix) analysiert anhand von sechs Indikatoren die Konfiguration der Repräsentation von Arbeitnehmer*innen primär im Aufsichtsrat. Da die Daten über mehrere Jahre erfasst werden, nimmt der vorliegende Beitrag die zeitliche Perspektive in Betracht und kommt zu zwei zentralen Ergebnissen: erstens variiert die Verankerung der Mitbestimmung stark zwischen den Unternehmen, zweitens bleibt das jeweilige unternehmensspezifische Niveau der Mitbestimmung über die Zeit stabil. Die Unternehmen nähern sich also im Zeitverlauf weder an, noch driften sie auseinander. Der institutionelle Kontext, etwa beeinflusst durch Gesetze, Betriebs- und Sozialpartnerschaft, bedingt eine pfadabhängige Kontinuität und macht ein Abschwächung oder Stärkung auch für die Akteur*innen aufwendig oder sie wird gar nicht beabsichtigt. Stattdessen scheint die jeweilige unternehmensspezifische Konfiguration der Mitbestimmung selbst Stabilität und Erwartungssicherheit zu verschaffen, auch für die Seite der Anteilseigner*innen. Die einzige Option, um die Mitbestimmung zu schwächen, ist sich dem System gänzlich zu entziehen, etwa durch die Umfirmierung in eine ausländische Rechtsform, so dass die deutschen Mitbestimmungsgesetze nicht anzuwenden sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How does Inequality Hamper Subjective Well-being? The Role of Fairness (2021)
Zitatform
Ugur, Zeynep B. (2021): How does Inequality Hamper Subjective Well-being? The Role of Fairness. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 158, H. 2, S. 377-407. DOI:10.1007/s11205-021-02711-w
Abstract
"In this study, we aim at clarifying the role of economic inequality on the subjective well-being of individuals. For this purpose, we use more than 180,000 individuals from 51 countries in the most recent five waves (1990–2014) of the World Values Survey. We observe a significant tradeoff between life satisfaction, happiness and the Gini coefficient. Also, inequality is negatively associated with life satisfaction and happiness for lower-income groups as well as higher-income groups. Interestingly, our data also shows large scale embracement of inequality in self-reported attitudes as even almost half (49%) of the lower-income group support the statement that some inequality is necessary for sustaining individual effort. Perceived freedom, and perceived social mobility partially mediates the relationship between the Gini coefficient and subjective wellbeing indicators. Yet, there remains a substantial negative effect of inequality on subjective well-being. Nevertheless, when individuals' perception of fairness is included, the effect of inequality disappears for both higher-income and lower-income groups. Overall, our findings suggest that people are bothered by inequality primarily due to fairness concerns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The individual (mis-)perception of wage inequality: measurement, correlates and implications (2020)
Zitatform
Kuhn, Andreas (2020): The individual (mis-)perception of wage inequality: measurement, correlates and implications. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 59, H. 5, S. 2039-2069. DOI:10.1007/s00181-019-01722-4
Abstract
"This paper presents a simple conceptual framework specifically tailored to measure individual perceptions of wage inequality. Using internationally comparable survey data, the empirical part of the paper documents that there is huge variation in inequality perceptions both across and within countries as well as survey-years. Focusing on the association between aggregate-level inequality measures and individuals' subjective perception of wage inequality, it turns out that there are both a high correlation between the two measures and a considerable amount of misperception of the prevailing level of inequality. The final part of the analysis shows that subjective inequality perceptions appear to be more important, in a statistical sense, in explaining variation in individual-level attitudes toward social inequality than objective measures of inequality. This underlines the conceptual and practical importance of distinguishing between subjective perceptions of inequality and the true level of inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
“Acceptance of social- and labor market programs and regulations”: Methodological report on the first survey wave (2020)
Zitatform
Osiander, Christopher, Monika Senghaas, Gesine Stephan, Olaf Struck & Richard Wolff (2020): “Acceptance of social- and labor market programs and regulations”: Methodological report on the first survey wave. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 07/2020), Nürnberg, 32 S.
Abstract
"Das FIS-geförderte Projekt „Die Akzeptanz sozial- und arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen und Regelungen“ befragt Bürgerinnen und Bürger zu ihrer Einschätzung konkreter Ausgestaltungsalternativen der Sozial- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland. Dieser Bericht beschreibt das Design und die Feldorganisation der ersten Online-Befragung im Rahmen des Projekts. Er präsentiert zudem eine Selektivitätsanalyse der Kontakt- und Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeiten sowie eine Analyse der Zustimmung zur Verknüpfung der Antworten mit prozessproduzierten Daten. Ein zentraler Bestandteil der hier beschriebenen Online-Befragung sind faktorielle Surveys. Darüber hinaus erhebt die Umfrage ausgewählte demografische Merkmale und Einstellungen der Teilnehmenden. Aus den prozessgenerierten Daten der BA wurden für die Kontaktierung von potenziellen Teilnehmenden zwei Stichproben gezogen: Eine erste Stichprobe umfasst Personen, die in den letzten Jahren mit der BA in Kontakt standen und für die eine E-Mail-Adresse verfügbar war. Diese Personen wurden per E-Mail kontaktiert. Eine zweite Stichprobe besteht aus Personen, die in den letzten Jahren nicht bei der BA registriert waren, sondern für die ausschließlich Beschäfti-gungsmeldungen vorlagen. Diese Personen erhielten einen Brief, in dem sie zur Teilnahme an der Befragung eingeladen wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Taking social policy personally: How does neuroticism affect welfare state attitudes? (2020)
Zitatform
Tepe, Markus & Pieter Vanhuysse (2020): Taking social policy personally: How does neuroticism affect welfare state attitudes? In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 54, H. 5, S. 699-718. DOI:10.1111/spol.12568
Abstract
"The role of the “Big Five” personality traits in driving welfare state attitudes has received scant attention in social policy research. Yet neuroticism in particular - a disposition to stress, worry, and get nervous easily - is theoretically likely to be an important driver of welfare attitudes precisely because welfare states deliver social “security” and “safety” nets. Using cross-sectional data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we study three distinct attitude types (dissatisfaction with the social security system, feelings of personal financial insecurity, and preferences for state provision) and multiple social need contexts (including unemployment, ill health, old age, and nursing care). Controlling for established explanations such as self-interest, partisanship, and socialization, neuroticism does not systematically affect support for state provision. But it robustly increases general dissatisfaction with social security, as well as financial insecurity across various need contexts. Neurotic people are thus less happy with welfare state programmes across the board, yet they also appear to need these programmes more. This trait may be an important deeper layer driving other social attitudes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Erwartungen an Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft" - Legitimation of inequality over the life-span: Feldbericht und Codebuch zur zweiten Welle (LINOS-2) (2019)
Adriaans, Jule ; Eisnecker, Philipp; Valet, Peter ; Liebig, Stefan ; Hülle, Sebastian ; Klassen, Julian;Zitatform
Adriaans, Jule, Philipp Eisnecker, Sebastian Hülle, Julian Klassen, Stefan Liebig & Peter Valet (2019): "Erwartungen an Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft" - Legitimation of inequality over the life-span. Feldbericht und Codebuch zur zweiten Welle (LINOS-2). (Data documentation 97), Berlin, 343 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie 'Legitimation of Inequality Over the Life-Span' (LINOS) wird im Kontext des durch die DFG geförderten Projekts 'Strukturelle Bedingungen von Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen über den Lebensverlauf' durchgeführt. Auf Grundlage eines handlungstheoretisch begründeten, soziologischen Erklärungsansatzes (Liebig & Sauer, 2013, 2016), wird in drei aufeinander bezogenen Forschungslinien untersucht, wie die strukturellen Bedingungen der sozialen Kontexte, in denen Individuen eingebunden sind (z.B. Betriebe, soziale Netzwerke, Partnerschaften/ Familien), ihre Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen beeinflussen und welche Mechanismen der Einstellungsbildung dabei wirksam werden. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen in Bezug auf (1) das eigene Erwerbseinkommen und der Einkommensverteilung in der Gesellschaft (ergebnisbezogene Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen), (2) die Regeln, nach denen Güter und Lasten in der Gesellschaft verteilt werden sollten (ordnungsbezogene Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen) und (3) die Verfahren, wie Ungleichheiten in der Gesellschaft generiert werden (verfahrensbezogene Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen). Die LINOS-Studie ist als Langfristpanel angelegt und zielt somit auf eine zentrale Schwäche der empirischen Gerechtigkeitsforschung ab. In dieser fehlt es bisher an genau solchen Längsschnittbeobachtungen auf Individualebene, die es erlauben, die Entwicklung von Gerechtigkeitseinstellungen über den Lebensverlauf zu untersuchen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)