Bedingungsloses und solidarisches Grundeinkommen – Konzepte in der Diskussion
Trotz günstiger Beschäftigungslage laufen Langzeitarbeitslose immer noch Gefahr, den Anschluss an den ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu verlieren. Zudem gibt es die Sorge, dass sich diese Entwicklung durch den technologischen Wandel noch verstärken wird. Wäre ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen die richtige Antwort? Kann ein solidarisches Grundeinkommen das Bürgergeld nach SGB II weiterentwickeln oder sogar ablösen? Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema zusammen und wirft einen Blick auf die aktuelle Diskussion.
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Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income as an instrument of regional development policy: a micro–macroeconomic analysis for Scotland (2022)
Zitatform
Connolly, Kevin, David Eiser, Ashwin Kumar, Peter G. McGregor & Graeme Roy (2022): Universal Basic Income as an instrument of regional development policy. A micro–macroeconomic analysis for Scotland. In: Regional Studies, Jg. 56, H. 6, S. 1043-1055. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2021.1957090
Abstract
"Regional development now encompasses inclusive growth so that welfare spending becomes a potentially important policy for regions with devolved powers. Universal Basic Income (UBI), an unconditional payment to all citizens, has been gaining traction, including internationally. We provide a system-wide analysis of a region-specific UBI for Scotland on the level and distribution of regional activity. Using both micro- and macroeconomic models, we find that although UBI has a beneficial effect on equity among households, it may adversely impact the level of economic activity unless there is a social contract in place and/or there is a substantial stimulus to productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Increasing Inequality and Voting for Basic Income: Could Gender Inequality Worsen? (2022)
Zitatform
Day, Creina (2022): Increasing Inequality and Voting for Basic Income: Could Gender Inequality Worsen? (CAMA working paper series / Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, The Australian National University 2022-54), Canberra, 27 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the link between political support for basic income funded by linear income taxation and income inequality by household and gender. We develop a model with an increasingly right-skewed distribution of skill across households and a gender wage gap within households. Household preference for basic income decreases as skill level increases and female labour supply decreases with time spent rearing children. Majority voting supports the basic income scheme as mean relative to median household skill increases. Household fertility and skill level are inversely related under the scheme. An increase in the marginal tax rate to fund required government revenue could excacerbate gender inequality by reducing female labour supply. Quantitative illustrations suggest that the recent peak in the mean to median wage gap would provide voting support for basic income from the majority of households in the United States. Basic income of $12,000 conditional on below-median wages would increase government spending by 10.8% which, if funded by progressive income taxation, could reduce the adverse effects on gender inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda (2022)
Zitatform
Dumont, Daniel (2022): Universal basic income as a source of inspiration for the future of social protection systems? A counter-agenda. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 299-318. DOI:10.1177/13882627221138599
Abstract
"The case for a universal basic income helps to reflect on what could be done to bring social protection into the 21st century, but, it is argued, does not itself provide the most convincing solution to the difficulties rightly pointed out by its proponents. However, this plea constitutes a fruitful source of inspiration for other developments than that proposed. Three proposals are made here in this respect: reducing the influence of household composition on the amount of social benefits received, making the possibility of combining a social benefit with other financial resources more flexible, and relaxing the work integration requirements imposed in return for the granting of rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ersatz von (ausgewählten) Sozialleistungen und -Abgaben in Deutschland durch ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen und ein reformiertes Einkommensteuersystem (2022)
Englmann, Frank C.; Ogbamicael, Yonas; Calisse, Frank; Jessen, Robin; Isaak, Niklas; Bätz, Benjamin; Jäger, Phillip; Becker, Susanne; Moch, Tiara; Meier, Antonia-Sofie;Zitatform
Bätz, Benjamin, Susanne Becker, Frank Calisse, Niklas Isaak, Phillip Jäger, Antonia-Sofie Meier, Tiara Moch & Yonas Ogbamicael (2022): Ersatz von (ausgewählten) Sozialleistungen und -Abgaben in Deutschland durch ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen und ein reformiertes Einkommensteuersystem. Stuttgart ; Berlin, 180 S. DOI:10.18419/opus-12898
Abstract
"Die Einführung eines existenzsichernden bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens (BGE) bei gleichzeitigem Wegfall von Sozialleistungen wie Arbeitslosengeld I und II, der Grundsicherung im Alter und dem Kindergeld würde das deutsche Sozialsystem erheblich vereinfachen. Der bürokratische Aufwand zur Gewährleistung des Existenzminimums würde erheblich reduziert. Die Einführung eines BGE würde allerdings die Höhe der staatlichen Transferzahlungen stark erhöhen, zur Finanzierung wären deutliche Steuererhöhungen notwendig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project (2022)
García, Leire Rincón;Zitatform
García, Leire Rincón (2022): The policy and political consequences of the B-Mincome pilot project. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 213-229. DOI:10.1177/13882627221123347
Abstract
"The idea of universal basic income is recieving increasing attention in the political, media and public agendas. This policy proposal constitutes a radical departure from the orthodox welfare rationale of giving to those in need, or attaching conditions to welfare support. Given the permutation that a UBI presents, many pilot projects and field experiments are being carried out globally to test the effects of this novel policy idea. Key questions arise from these developments: are the lessons learned from these experiments being fed back into the policy process? Are the pilot project results guiding and informing policymakers? Overall, can we observe any political effects of such scientific efforts? I address these questions through a qualitative case study analysis of the B-Mincome project. Through an in-depth analysis of this pilot, some of the key factors influencing the (limited) policy and political effects of the pilot project have been identified. The B-Mincome case study shows that the barriers to policy change were in place well before the pilot, and evidently, remained unaltered by it. The political landscape in Barcelona's City Council, its economic powers and institutional context were unchanged by the pilot, and in fact shaped the pilot design, moving it away from the UBI proposal. The B-Mincome experience illustrates the need to accommodate the pilot design to the politics and economics of the experiment, and shows the unintended consequences that such an adaptation of the pilot design may have in relation to its original objectives. In the case of Barcelona, this has meant a move away from a UBI-style pilot design, resulting in very limited effects on the debate or policy design of cash transfers, having a greater policy impact on active polices instead. However, by taking a broader look at Spanish and Catalan politics, our analysis has shown that unexpected factors may end up triggering a debate much more effectively than a pilot project." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Grundeinkommen - Von der Vision zur schleichenden sozialstaatlichen Transformation (2022)
Zitatform
Heinze, Rolf G. & Jürgen Schupp (2022): Grundeinkommen - Von der Vision zur schleichenden sozialstaatlichen Transformation. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 306 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-35551-7
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Publikation erweitert konstitutiv das Diskursfeld zum Thema Grundeinkommen, lotet die Möglichkeiten einer Einführung sowie Chancen und Risiken ab. Obwohl alle visionären Vorschläge zum Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen (BGE) zumindest in demokratisch verfassten Wohlfahrtsstaaten bislang politisch nicht umgesetzt wurden, wurde die Frage nach der Umsetzung bzw. den Gelingensbedingungen und der Identifizierung möglicher Blockaden nur am Rande behandelt. Auch jüngste Veröffentlichungen zu einem BGE weisen diese politisch-institutionelle „Blindheit“ auf und thematisieren zu wenig die Gründe für das bisherige Scheitern. Ohne eine Überführungsstrategie wird die Idee in Deutschland aber aufgrund einer solchen Implementierungsnaivität scheitern. Im Buch wird deshalb der Diskussionsstand zum Grundeinkommen insofern weiterentwickelt, dass eine Einbindung in wohlfahrtsstaatliche Entwicklungsverläufe und aktuelle Herausforderungen für die „Sicherung der sozialen Sicherung“ vorgenommen wird. Zudem wird anknüpfend an den „stillen“ Wandel zum sozialinvestiven Staat eine sozialwissenschaftliche Einordnung bislang visionär erscheinender garantistischer Elemente eines Grundeinkommensmodells vorgenommen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Bürgergeld und Kindergrundsicherung als Einstiege ins bedingungslose Grundeinkommen?: Wendemarken im Koalitionsprogramm der neuen Bundesregierung (2022)
Zitatform
Heinze, Rolf G. & Jürgen Schupp (2022): Bürgergeld und Kindergrundsicherung als Einstiege ins bedingungslose Grundeinkommen? Wendemarken im Koalitionsprogramm der neuen Bundesregierung. In: Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik, Jg. 71, H. 1, S. 37-50. DOI:10.3224/gwp.v71i1.06
Abstract
"Im Beitrag wird diskutiert, ob es sich bei der vorgesehenen Ablösung von Hartz IV durch ein Bürgergeld und den Aufbau einer Kindergrundsicherung eher um einen symbolischen Wandel handelt oder die im Herbst 2021 gewählte Ampel-Koalition einen substanziellen Neuanfang und eine grundlegende Reform des Wohlfahrtsstaates einleitet. Zusammenfassend werden die geplanten Maßnahmen der neuen Bundesregierung als schleichende Transformation einer beitragsfinanzierten Lebensstandardabsicherung zum Grundsicherungsstaat mit einer universalistischen Sozialintegration gedeutet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A Truly Missed Opportunity: The Political Context and Impact of the Basic Income Experiment in Finland (2022)
Zitatform
Hiilamo, Heikki (2022): A Truly Missed Opportunity: The Political Context and Impact of the Basic Income Experiment in Finland. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 177-191. DOI:10.1177/13882627221104501
Abstract
"Finland conducted the first nationwide field experiment with partial basic income between 2017 and 2018. The experiment and its results were widely reported in international media and featured in political debates across the globe. Domestically, the experiment had an impact on social policy debates but no impact on social policy. For example, it did not feature in the Social Security 2030 project or in the work of the Social Security Reform Committee (2020–2027). The research setting for the experiment was compromised from the beginning due to political reasons; but the scientific power was further undermined by a new sanctioning model, which was implemented in 2018 at the beginning of the second year of the basic income experiment. The new Government taking office in 2019 promised to continue with a negative income tax experiment; however, no such experiment was conducted. The article will unpack these developments in Finland and discuss possible explanations for denouncing basic income as a policy idea." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Design and Evaluation of the Finnish Basic Income Experiment (2022)
Hämäläinen, Kari; Verho, Jouko;Zitatform
Hämäläinen, Kari & Jouko Verho (2022): Design and Evaluation of the Finnish Basic Income Experiment. (CESifo working paper 9875), München, 33 S.
Abstract
"The Finnish basic income experiment was an ambitious effort to study basic income in a Nordic welfare state. This paper describes the planning, implementation and scientific evaluation of the experiment. The randomized treatment group was paid a guaranteed monthly income, which had no impact on disposable income while a person was unemployed but provided a substantial increase in work incentives. We extend previous evaluations by examining the heterogeneity of incentive changes and employment responses across households. Our results reveal improvements in employment only for couples with children, providing an interesting contrast to other in-work credit programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms (2022)
Jaimovich, Nir; Saporta-Eksten, Itay; Yedid-Levi, Yaniv; Setty, Ofer;Zitatform
Jaimovich, Nir, Itay Saporta-Eksten, Ofer Setty & Yaniv Yedid-Levi (2022): Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms. (IZA discussion paper 15058), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"We consider the aggregate and distributional impact of Universal Basic Income (UBI). We develop a model to study a wide range of UBI programs and financing schemes and to highlight the key mechanisms behind their impact. The most crucial channel is the rise in distortionary taxation (required to fund UBI) on labor force participation. Second in importance is the decline in self-insurance due to the insurance UBI provides, resulting in lower aggregate capital. Third, UBI creates a positive income effect lowering labor force participation. Alternative tax-transfer schemes mitigate the impact on labor force participation and the cost of UBI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic Income in Ireland: The Development of Two Pilots (2022)
Zitatform
Johnston, Helen (2022): Basic Income in Ireland: The Development of Two Pilots. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 243-256. DOI:10.1177/13882627221109287
Abstract
"This paper provides an overview of Irish dalliances with basic income over the last 40 years in the context of social security reform. A government Green Paper on Basic Income was published in 2002, but the proposals were never progressed. Now, the current 2020 Programme for Government contains a commitment to pilot basic income within the lifetime of the Government. It has transpired that two basic income schemes are being developed – a universal basic income scheme by the Government's Low Pay Commission and a sectoral basic income scheme for artists. The arts proposal is being led by the Green Party Minister for the Arts, a long-time advocate of basic income. The work of the Low Pay Commission is overseen by the Fine Gael leader and Minister for Employment, who has not traditionally supported basic income. Public discourse claims that these are separate proposals with a lack of clarity on whether they will be progressed separately, one will inform the other, or they will become integrated. The work in Ireland has drawn upon other basic income experiments taking place in Europe, especially the Finnish experience. The work to date can make a unique contribution to understanding basic income experimentation in Europe, especially through a government-led, twin-track approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social Policy Without Growth: Moving Towards Sustainable Welfare States (2022)
Zitatform
Koch, Max (2022): Social Policy Without Growth. Moving Towards Sustainable Welfare States. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 447-459. DOI:10.1017/S1474746421000361
Abstract
"Growth-dependent welfare states contribute to climate emergency. The ecological economics, degrowth, and sustainable welfare literatures demonstrate that to re-embed Western production and consumption patterns in environmental limits, an encompassing social-ecological transformation would need to be initiated very soon. This article focuses on the potential roles of the welfare state and social policy in this transformation, applying the concepts of ‘sustainable welfare’ and ‘safe-operating space’. Based on two Swedish studies, it also provides an empirical analysis of the popularity of selected eco-social policies designed to steer the economy and society towards this space: maximum and basic incomes, taxes on wealth and meat, as well as working time reductions. In analogy to the historical role of the state in reconstituting the welfare-work nexus in the post-WWII era and its present engagement in the context of the Covid-19 crisis, it is argued that a more interventionist state is required to grapple with climate emergency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work (2022)
Korinek, Anton; Juelfs, Megan;Zitatform
Korinek, Anton & Megan Juelfs (2022): Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work. (NBER working paper 30172), Cambridge, Mass, 42 S. DOI:10.3386/w30172
Abstract
"This paper considers the labor market and distributional implications of a scenario of ever-more-intelligent autonomous machines that substitute for human labor and drive down wages. We lay out three concerns arising from such a scenario and evaluate recent predictions and objections to these concerns. Then we analyze how a utilitarian social planner would allocate work and income if these concerns start to materialize. As the income produced by autonomous machines rises and the value of labor declines, a utilitarian planner finds it optimal to phase out work, beginning with workers who have low labor productivity and job satisfaction, since they have comparative advantage in enjoying leisure. This is in stark contrast to welfare systems that force individuals with low labor productivity to work. If there are significant wage declines, avoiding mass misery will require other ways of distributing income than labor markets, whether via sufficiently well-distributed capital ownership or via benefits. Recipients could still engage in work for its own sake if they enjoy work amenities such as structure, purpose and meaning. If work gives rise to positive externalities such as social connections or political stability, or if individuals undervalue the benefits of work because of internalities, then a social planner would incentivize work. However, in the long run, the planner might be able to achieve a higher level of social welfare by adopting alternative ways of providing these benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Enabling Participation Income for an Eco-Social State (2022)
Zitatform
Laruffa, Francesco, Michael McGann & Mary P. Murphy (2022): Enabling Participation Income for an Eco-Social State. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 508-519. DOI:10.1017/S1474746421000750
Abstract
"We revise Atkinson’s concept of a ‘participation income’ (PI), repositioning it as a form of green conditional basic income that is anchored in a capabilities-oriented eco-social policy framework. This framework combines the capability approach with an ‘ethics of care’ to re-shape the focus of social policy on individuals’ capability to ‘take care of the world’, thus shifting the emphasis from economic production to social reproduction and environmental reparation. In developing this proposal, we seek to address key questions about the feasibility of implementing PI schemes: including their administrative complexity and the criticism that a PI constitutes either an arbitrary and confusing, or invasive and stigmatising, form of basic income. To address these concerns, we argue for an enabling approach to incentivising participation whereby participation pathways are co-created with citizens on the basis of opportunities they recognise as meaningful rather than enforced through strict monitoring and sanctions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and the Social Investment State: Towards Mutual Reinforcement? (2022)
Zitatform
Martinelli, Luke & Yannick Vanderborght (2022): Basic Income and the Social Investment State: Towards Mutual Reinforcement? In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 40-57. DOI:10.1177/13882627221085019
Abstract
"Is a social investment strategy compatible with the provision of an unconditional basic income? Prima facie, these two scenarios look like incongruent policy alternatives. While social investment – an influential policy paradigm at the level of the European Union – aims at promoting public services and maximum labour market participation, basic income is paid in cash and has sometimes been presented as the key component of a post-work future. In this article, we explore this apparent incongruence and show that these two visions for welfare reform are not necessarily incompatible. We argue that they may share a number of substantial points of agreement, and indeed may reinforce one another according to a logic of institutional complementarity. In particular, we claim that a partial basic income (i.e., a modest unconditional income guarantee, whose amount would be insufficient if one lives alone) could enhance or complement the key functions of a social-democratic version of the social investment strategy. By doing so, we conclude that the integration of a basic income into a social investment package could contribute to overcoming criticisms of the social investment agenda. At the same time, it could rescue basic income from the numerous critics who see it as an unrealistic policy proposal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wege zu einem zukunftsfähigen Weiterbildungssystem: Studie zur Machbarkeit eines Bildungsgrundeinkommens (2022)
Münch, Claudia; Dreibholz, Pauline; Ehrentraut, Oliver; Orozco Klaß, Helga;Zitatform
Münch, Claudia, Helga Orozco Klaß, Pauline Dreibholz & Oliver Ehrentraut (2022): Wege zu einem zukunftsfähigen Weiterbildungssystem. Studie zur Machbarkeit eines Bildungsgrundeinkommens. (Studie / Prognos), Basel, 34 S.
Abstract
"Um Lebenslanges Lernen finanziell abzusichern und Weiterbildung breiteren Bevölkerungsgruppen zugänglich zu machen, braucht es neue Instrumente. Unser Vorschlag: ein Bildungsgrundeinkommen. Die erste Studie des Zentrums Liberale Moderne stellte bereits 2021 ein neues Instrument der Weiterbildungsfinanzierung vor: das Bildungsgrundeinkommen. Dieses neue Instrument soll allen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern für einen Zeitraum bis zu 36 Monaten im Verlauf ihres Erwerbslebens zur Verfügung stehen. Sie erhalten 1.200 € monatlich; darüber hinaus werden ihre Weiterbildungskosten erstattet, ggf. werden Zuschläge für Kinder oder besondere Lebenslagen gewährt. Mit einer neuen Studie hat Prognos im Auftrag der Bertelsmann-Stiftung und des Zentrums Liberale Moderne die Machbarkeit des Bildungsgrundeinkommens als Finanzierungsinstrument bewertet. Die Studie stellt die Defizite des deutschen Weiterbildungssystems heraus und skizziert ein Idealbild eines leistungsfähigen Weiterbildungssektors. Das Bildungsgrundeinkommen kann einen Übergang vom Status quo zum Idealbild schaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How do transfers and universal basic income impact the labor market and inequality? (2022)
Zitatform
Rauh, Christopher & Marcelo R. Santos (2022): How do transfers and universal basic income impact the labor market and inequality? (Cambridge working papers in economics 2208), Cambridge, 46 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of existing and universal transfer programs on vacancy creation, wages, and welfare using a search-and-matching model with heterogeneous agents and on-the-job human capital accumulation. We calibrate the general equilibrium model to match key moments concerning unemployment, wage and wealth distributions, as well as the distribution of EITC and transfers. In addition, unemployment insurance benefits are related to pre-unemployment earnings and subject to exhaustion, after which agents can only rely on transfers and savings. First, we show that existing transfers hamper economic activity but provide sizeable welfare gains. Next, we show that a universal basic income of nearly $12,500 to each household per year, which replaces all existing transfer programs and unemployment benefits, can lead to small aggregate welfare gains. These welfare gains mostly accrue to less skilled individuals despite their sizable fall in wages, and the overall rise in skill premia and wage inequality. Albeit the extra burden of higher taxes to finance UBI, we show that the increased action in hiring is a key channel though which outcomes for low education groups improve with the reform. However, if we keep the UI benefits in place, the positive effects on job creation vanish and UBI does not improve upon the current system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Grundeinkommen: eine stabile Existenzgrundlage in Zeiten prekärer Jobs und brüchiger Karrieren. Sozialstaat 4.0 (2022)
Reischer, Robert;Zitatform
Reischer, Robert (2022): Grundeinkommen. Eine stabile Existenzgrundlage in Zeiten prekärer Jobs und brüchiger Karrieren. Sozialstaat 4.0. Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH, 116 S.
Abstract
"Sozialstaat 4.0 ist die Antwort auf Deregulierung, Privatisierung und Globalisierung, die für Jobverlust und Sozialabbau politisch verantwortlich sind. Reparaturen und Anpassungen im bestehen System sind möglich. Das emanzipatorische Grundeinkommen ist die Erweiterung des Systems und ein Weg zu mehr Freiheit und weniger Abhängigkeiten." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Leseprobe -
Literaturhinweis
What's not to like? Benefit design, funding structure and support for universal basic income (2022)
Zitatform
Rincón, Leire, Tim Vlandas & Heikki Hiilamo (2022): What's not to like? Benefit design, funding structure and support for universal basic income. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 467-483. DOI:10.1177/09589287211072638
Abstract
"After decades of debates on the economic and philosophical merits and shortcomings of a universal basic income (UBI), more recent literature has started to investigate the politics of a UBI. While several studies shed new light on the individual characteristics associated with higher or lower support for a UBI, we still do not know what features of a UBI itself are attractive or not to people, nor whether other slightly different policy alternatives like means-tested and minimum incomes would be more popular. This article addresses this gap by employing a conjoint experiment fielded in Finland, where a UBI has received significant media and political attention. Our findings show that the most contentious dimension of a UBI is – surprisingly – not its universality, but instead its unconditional nature. Individuals are more likely to support policies that condition receipts upon searching for employment or being genuinely unable to work, and less likely to support policies that are fully unconditional. On the funding side, support tends to be lower for a UBI that is linked to reducing existing benefits, but higher if the UBI is to be funded by increasing taxes, especially on the rich. These findings contribute to a wider literature on the politics of UBI and to our understanding of the potential popularity of competing policy reform alternatives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Struggle for Framing and Interpretation: The Impact of the 'Basic Income Experiments' on Social Policy Reform in the Netherlands (2022)
Zitatform
Roosma, Femke (2022): A Struggle for Framing and Interpretation: The Impact of the 'Basic Income Experiments' on Social Policy Reform in the Netherlands. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 192-212. DOI:10.1177/13882627221109846
Abstract
"In the period from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2019, the Dutch government allowed several municipalities to carry out so-called ‘basic income experiments’, ‘trust’ experiments, or ‘experiments low in regulation’. These experiments focused on giving exemptions on obligations attached to social benefits, allowing people to keep extra earnings on top of their social assistance benefits, and providing more guidance in finding work. In this paper, I critically evaluate the extent to which these experiments have had an effect on social policy in the Netherlands in both the short and long run. For municipalities, the main goal of these experiments was to examine whether an approach focused on trust and intrinsic motivation would lead to increased labour market participation and higher wellbeing. The national government approved the experiments; but in its evaluation, it focused solely on the outflow to work in line with the existing workfare approach. In the short run, the effects of the experiments appeared disappointing for those with the ambition of fundamentally reforming the social security system. However, in the struggle for framing and interpretation, advocates of a different social policy approach obtained success in the long run. Although the Participation Act was not initially amended, the recent coalition agreement of the new Government does propose a change related to the outcomes of the experiment; and in recent party manifestos, there are more far-reaching proposals to change social policy in the direction of a universal basic income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))