Bedingungsloses und solidarisches Grundeinkommen – Konzepte in der Diskussion
Trotz günstiger Beschäftigungslage laufen Langzeitarbeitslose immer noch Gefahr, den Anschluss an den ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu verlieren. Zudem gibt es die Sorge, dass sich diese Entwicklung durch den technologischen Wandel noch verstärken wird. Wäre ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen die richtige Antwort? Kann ein solidarisches Grundeinkommen das Bürgergeld nach SGB II weiterentwickeln oder sogar ablösen? Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema zusammen und wirft einen Blick auf die aktuelle Diskussion.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
-
Literaturhinweis
Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Gielens, Erwin, Femke Roosma & Peter Achterberg (2024): Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 393-412. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12607
Abstract
"As interest in universal basic income (UBI) policy has peaked in recent years, the study of public support for such a policy is rapidly developing. While recent studies recognise the multidimensionality of the UBI proposal, we still know little about to what extent support for UBI is unambiguously supported or rejected. We show that the public holds distinct but related opinions towards three dimensions of UBI: universalism, redistribution and unconditionality. The higher and lower educated are equally ambivalent towards the policy, suggesting a lack of political entrenchment towards UBI in Dutch society. Post hoc comparisons show that key demographics and constituencies support some dimensions while rejecting others, enabling both compromise and division on the issue. Despite these distinct controversies, however, the strong correlation between attitudinal dimensions suggests that survey experiments tend to overstate the degree of multidimensionality by ignoring the strong commonalities in support for policy aspects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social trust and the support for universal basic income (2024)
Zitatform
Gubello, Michele (2024): Social trust and the support for universal basic income. In: European Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 81. DOI:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102495
Abstract
"This paper presents a theoretical model showing how political mistrust affects people’s preferences for Universal Basic Income (UBI) when its implementation involves a reduction in spending for other public services (welfare retrenchment). The model shows that individuals with lower levels of political mistrust are more likely to endorse UBI, reflecting their trust in the government’s ability to managepublic resources and avoid wasteful retrenchment of other public services. The model also shows that generalised mistrust – characterized by agents’ expectations of their fellow citizens’ misbehavior that can reduce the government’s fiscal capacity – does not significantly influence preferences for UBI when it involves a partial retrenchment of other public services. This result is driven by the agents’ perception that their fellow citizens’ misbehavior would occur irrespective of the UBI implementation. The empirical analysis with 265 European regions from the European Social Survey (ESS) confirms the predictions of the model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Flash in the pan or eureka moment? What can be learned from Australia's natural experiment with basic income during COVID-19 (2024)
Zitatform
Henderson, Troy, Ben Spies-Butcher & Elise Klein (2024): Flash in the pan or eureka moment? What can be learned from Australia's natural experiment with basic income during COVID-19. In: International social security review, Jg. 77, H. 1-2, S. 103-120. DOI:10.1111/issr.12356
Abstract
"Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte weit verbreitete sozial- und wirtschaftspolitische Experimente zur Folge, da die Regierungen versuchten, während der wirtschaftlichen Lockdowns ihre Finanzhaushalte zu schützen. Geldtransfers erwiesen sich als eine der beliebtesten politischen Maßnahmen, und vielerorts wurden auch Überlegungen angestellt, wie man durch vorübergehende oder Notfallmaßnahmen ein universelles Grundeinkommen einführen könnte. Als Beispiel für diese Versuche haben wir Australiens Reaktion auf die Pandemie ins Auge gefasst und hier insbesondere die australische Coronahilfe (COVID Supplement). Eine Untersuchung ihres Charakters als Notfall-Grundeinkommen ergibt, dass diese Maßnahme das Ergebnis der institutionellen Strukturen und Normen, der nationalen und internationalen politischen Lernmechanismen und der Besonderheiten des australischen Wohn- und Arbeitsmarkts ist. Obwohl die Maßnahme nur befristet war, diskutieren wir, inwiefern ihr offensichtlicher Erfolg weiter von politischer Bedeutung sein könnte, entweder als eine Art finanzielles „Krisenmanagement“ oder als ein alternativer Weg zur Einführung von Formen des Grundeinkommens." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms (2024)
Zitatform
Jaimovich, Nir, Itay Saporta-Eksten, Ofer Setty & Yaniv Yedid-Levi (2024): Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01474
Abstract
"We examine the mechanisms driving the aggregate and distributional impacts of Universal Basic Income (UBI) through model analysis of various UBI programs and financing schemes. The main adverse effect is the distortionary tax increase to fund UBI, reducing labor force participation. Secondary channels are a decline in demand for self-insurance, depressing aggregate capital, and a positive income effect that further deters labor force participation. Due to these channels, introducing UBI alongside existing social programs reduces output and average welfare. Partially substituting existing programs with UBI mitigates the adverse effects, increases average welfare, but does not deliver a Pareto improvement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal Basic Income as a Response to Automation? Attitudes of Human Translators Facing Neural Machine Translation (2024)
Zitatform
Kılıç, Azer (2024): Universal Basic Income as a Response to Automation? Attitudes of Human Translators Facing Neural Machine Translation. In: Critical Sociology. DOI:10.1177/08969205241279262
Abstract
"How do professionals who may be at risk of job loss due to AI-driven automation view a universal basic income (UBI) as a policy response to technological unemployment? This article examines the attitudes of translators from Turkey, a country with the highest perceived technological risks across the OECD. Based on interviews, the article reveals varying views on UBI, the framings of which reflect participants’ political views and understandings of capitalist societies. While some participants depict a perspective of economic individualism, emphasizing individual responsibility and a work ethic in opposing UBI, others advocate an anti-capitalist outlook, promoting collective action yet appearing skeptical of UBI. However, a majority supports UBI as a social right. Furthermore, those concerned about job or wage loss are primarily found among those who favor UBI and those who specialize as freelancers in areas perceived as more susceptible to automation, suggesting that job insecurity shapes views of UBI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income Advocates, Sober Up (2024)
Zitatform
Marx, Ive (2024): Basic Income Advocates, Sober Up. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16757), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"Basic income advocates see a universal income grant, no questions asked, as bringing many potential benefits, not in the least as an ironclad protection against poverty, if set high enough. It is hard to know with any certainty what a world with a sizeable basic income would look like but we can make theoretically and empirically informed guesses about its likely first-round impacts. Neither the insights we get from (quasi-)experimental research nor those from (micro-)simulation modelling are very encouraging. The estimated first-round effects on poverty are for the most part disappointing, especially in countries with comparatively well-functioning social protection systems. Aggregate employment is likely to fall, especially affecting women. It requires an enormous leap of faith to assume that the effects further down the road would be miraculously better. Moreover, there seems to be a vast gap between what people think a basic income would bring them and how it would actually impact them. Under any plausible scenario there would be many net losers. In short, there are few sound reasons at this time to argue for replacing the better performing social protection systems currently in place with a basic income, especially if a more adequate social floor is the main concern." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Employment Effects of a Guaranteed Income: Experimental Evidence from Two U.S. States (2024)
Zitatform
Vivalt, Eva, Elizabeth Rhodes, Alexander W. Bartik, David E. Broockman & Sarah Miller (2024): The Employment Effects of a Guaranteed Income: Experimental Evidence from Two U.S. States. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32719), Cambridge, Mass, 138 S. DOI:10.3386/w32719
Abstract
"We study the causal impacts of income on a rich array of employment outcomes, leveraging an experiment in which 1,000 low-income individuals were randomized into receiving $1,000 per month unconditionally for three years, with a control group of 2,000 participants receiving $50/month. We gather detailed survey data, administrative records, and data from a custom mobile phone app. The transfer caused total individual income to fall by about $1,500/year relative to the control group, excluding the transfers. The program resulted in a 2.0 percentage point decrease in labor market participation for participants and a 1.3-1.4 hour per week reduction in labor hours, with participants' partners reducing their hours worked by a comparable amount. The transfer generated the largest increases in time spent on leisure, as well as smaller increases in time spent in other activities such as transportation and finances. Despite asking detailed questions about amenities, we find no impact on quality of employment, and our confidence intervals can rule out even small improvements. We observe no significant effects on investments in human capital, though younger participants may pursue more formal education. Overall, our results suggest a moderate labor supply effect that does not appear offset by other productive activities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Assessing the Impact of the Implementation of Universal Basic Income on Entrepreneurship (2023)
Zitatform
Aceytuno-Pérez, María-Teresa, Manuela A. de Paz Báñez & Celia Sánchez-López (2023): Assessing the Impact of the Implementation of Universal Basic Income on Entrepreneurship. In: Basic Income Studies, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 141-161. DOI:10.1515/bis-2022-0022
Abstract
"We focus on the literature about UBI and the experiments developed all around the world to test it in order to address how UBI implementation could affect entrepreneurship. Building on these findings and various strands of entrepreneurial theory, we develop a theoretical framework to explain how the implementation of UBI would dramatically change the environment of entrepreneurial activity, shaping entrepreneurial action at three levels: (i) the desirability of becoming an entrepreneur; (ii) the perceived feasibility of becoming an entrepreneur; (iii) the propensity to act. Consequently, UBI implementation would arguably facilitate the decision to become an entrepreneur. The contribution of the paper is threefold. It firstly provides a theoretical framework that opens new directions for further research on the relationship between UBI and entrepreneurship. Secondly, it offers new insights for policy makers by shedding light on potential effects of UBI implementation. Finally, it raises further questions that remains unsolved related to the role of non-pecuniary motivations and financial constraints." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income (2023)
Zitatform
Aerts, Elise, Ive Marx & Gerlinde Verbist (2023): Not That Basic: How Level, Design and Context Matter for the Redistributive Outcomes of Universal Basic Income. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15952), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty, on top of many other benefits, including greatly reduced administrative complexity and cost. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative two-country setting, we show that the potential poverty-reducing impact of BI strongly depends on exactly how and where it is implemented. Implementing a BI requires far more choices than advocates seem to realize. The level at which the BI is set matters, but its exact specification matters even more. Which parts of the existing tax-benefit system are maintained, and which parts are abolished, modified or replaced? The impact of a BI, be it a low or a high one, thus strongly depends on the characteristics of the system that it is (partially) replacing or complementing, as well as the socio-economic context in which it is introduced. Some versions of BI could potentially help to reduce poverty but always at a significant cost and with substantial sections of the population incurring significant losses, which matters for political feasibility. A partial basic income complementing existing provisions appears to make more potential sense than a full basic income replacing them. The simplicity of BI, however, tends to be vastly overstated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Simulationsanalysen zur Finanzierbarkeit des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens: Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag von Mein Grundeinkommen e.V (2023)
Bach, Stefan; Hamburg, Mark;Zitatform
Bach, Stefan & Mark Hamburg (2023): Simulationsanalysen zur Finanzierbarkeit des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens. Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag von Mein Grundeinkommen e.V. (DIW Berlin. Politikberatung kompakt 195), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Forschungsprojekt wird die Finanzierbarkeit eines existenzsichernden bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens für alle untersucht, das der Verein Mein Grundeinkommen vorschlägt. Vorgesehen sind 1 200 Euro im Monat je Erwachsenen, Kinder und Jugendliche bis 18 Jahren bekommen die Hälfte. Dies bedeutet für sich genommen einen zusätzlichen staatlichen Finanzierungsbedarf von 1 105 Milliarden Euro (berechnet für das Jahr 2022)." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing (2023)
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia;Zitatform
Bilbao-Goyoaga, Eugenia (2023): Perceptions Matter: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Spain's New Minimum Income on Households' Financial Wellbeing. (Publications of the London School of Economics and Political Science), London, 64 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines Spain's minimum income scheme (MIS) introduced in 2020 and its impact on households' objective and subjective financial wellbeing. The study addresses two key motivations. First, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of MISs in improving households' financial wellbeing despite the renewed interest prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, ecological transition and cost-of-living crisis. Second, existing literature primarily focuses on objective measures of financial wellbeing like monetary poverty, but it is crucial to understand how income improvements through MISs are perceived by households. These subjective perceptions play a significant role in people's health, productivity and decision-making and provide insights into adaptation mechanisms and spillover effects on non-recipients. The study uses Eurostat survey data aggregated at the national level from 2010 to 2022, employing a Synthetic Control Method analysis. Results show that during the initial year and a half of implementation, the policy had no statistically significant effect on households' material conditions (e.g. poverty rate, poverty gap and mean income). However, after two and a half years, it did considerably improve how households perceive the evolution of their finances. The paper discusses mechanisms explaining this differential impact, including the policy's phased implementation, benefit enhancements from 2022 onwards as well as anticipation, placebo and positive spillover effects of the MIS. The findings highlight the importance for practitioners to consider subjective financial wellbeing when assessing MISs" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement: Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology' (2023)
Zitatform
Brand, Richard A. (2023): Öffentliche Soziologie zwischen Autonomie und Engagement. Zum gesellschaftlichen Nutzen von Michael Burawoys ‚Public Sociology'. (BestMasters), Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer VS, IX, 108 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40584-7
Abstract
"Die Rufe nach einer ‚öffentlichen Soziologie' werden jüngst lauter. Sollte die Soziologie sich für die Verbreitung ihres Wissens und die Zivilgesellschaft engagieren? Oder sind gerade Zurückhaltung und wissenschaftliche Autonomie von Nutzen für die Gesellschaft? Die Arbeit von Richard A. Brand eröffnet einerseits lebendige Einblicke in die Praxis öffentlicher Soziologie: Im November 2018 versammelten sich über 100 Personen im Theaterhaus Jena beim sogenannten ‚DialogForum'. Diese vermutlich erste große öffentliche Soziologieveranstaltung im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde vom Autor vorliegender Arbeit moderiert und mitorganisiert. Das Veranstaltungskonzept und die Erwartungen der Teilnehmenden werden hier rekonstruiert. Anderseits wird, etwa mit Rückgriff auf Max Webers Wissenschaftslehre, Michael Burawoys Konzept der ‚Public Sociology' kritisch unter die Lupe genommen. Im Ergebnis scheint weniger die Rolle einer Soziologie als zivilgesellschaftliche Anwältin oder Aktivistin zu überzeugen, sondern die einer Orientierungsstifterin und Moderatorin, die Dialogräume schafft. Der Autor Richard A. Brand studierte Soziologie, Geografie und Bildungswissenschaften in Hamburg, Prag und Jena mit Abschluss M.A. Soziologie. Er ist als selbständiger Trainer und Moderator tätig. Darüber hinaus verantwortet er die Weiterbildung einer international tätigen NGO." (Verlagsangaben)
-
Literaturhinweis
Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen (2023)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R., Adrian Rinscheid & Jürgen Schupp (2023): Hohe Zustimmung zu bedingungslosem Grundeinkommen - vor allem bei den möglichen Profiteur*innen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 90, H. 21, S. 246-253. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2023-21-1
Abstract
"Eine repräsentative Befragung aus dem August 2022 bestätigt die hohe Popularität in der Bevölkerung für ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen (BGE). Zwischen 45 und 55 Prozent der Befragten stimmen für die Einführung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens mit dem vermeintlichen Versprechen von finanzieller Sicherheit ohne Verpflichtungen. Wer genau die Unterstützer*innen eines BGE sind und welches Modell sie bevorzugen, zeigen zwei repräsentative Befragungen aus dem August 2022. Sie belegen, dass vor allem jüngere Altersgruppen sowie Personen mit geringen Einkünften und mit großen Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Situation die Idee eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens unterstützen. Eine der in diesem Wochenbericht analysierten Erhebungen zeigt, dass die meisten Befragten sich ein Grundeinkommen von 1 200 Euro ohne Restriktionen wünschen. Zur staatlichen Finanzierung eines Grundeinkommens findet der Vorschlag die meiste Unterstützung, die Einkommen- und Vermögensteuern für Reiche anzuheben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares (2023)
Zitatform
Chrisp, Joe, Aida Garcia-Lazaro & Nick Pearce (2023): Technological chance and growth regimes: Assessing the case for universal basic income in an era declining labour shares. (FRIBIS discussion paper series 2023,1), Freiburg, 60 S.
Abstract
"In recent decades, most OECD countries have seen a significant decline in the labour share, as well as an increase in inequality. The decline in the labour share and the rise in inequality poses several problems for such countries, whether related to distributive justice, economic and social outcomes, such as deficient aggregate income and demand, or democratic politics. In this report, we focus on the role of technological change as a central driver of the decline in the labour share and explore its contingency: both across contexts and across definitions/operationalisations of technology. With respect to the latter, we distinguish between perspectives that place physical capital and investment in automation and ICT at the centre of technological change on the one hand, and the growth of the knowledge economy and intangible capital on the other. Meanwhile, following work by Baccaro and Pontusson (2016), and more recently Hassel and Palier (2021), we utilise the concept of 'growth regimes' to analyse how the effects of technology are mediated and moderated by national political-economic institutions. This approach allows us to test more nuanced arguments about the role of technological change in the decline in the labour share and to discuss the likely effects, and political feasibility, of policy solutions such as universal basic income (UBI) that are often advanced as an answer to increased automation and lower returns to labour. The following issues provide the basis for our research questions: 1. To what extent is technological change responsible for the decline in the labour share? 2. What is the role of growth regimes in moderating the effect of technology on the labour share? 3. Are results consistent across different conceptions and definitions of technological change? 4. What policy solutions are available to tackle these trends and issues? 5. Does technological change strengthen the case for and the feasibility of a universal basic income? This work builds on previous policy briefs and reports by the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) on UBI and technological change, namely the September 2019 report by Dr Luke Martinelli entitled 'Basic income, automation and labour market change' (Martinelli, 2019a). That report summarised the evidence regarding the effects of technology on labour markets and the case for UBI in such a light. Empirical analysis, however, focused on political economy questions concerning the political constituency for a UBI and policy trade-offs in design across EU countries using microsimulation analysis. Here, our empirical strategy is instead focused on questions about the effect of technology on the labour share, enabling us to re-pose the question of how a UBI could serve as a tool for combating growing inequality, income and demand deficiency, and labour market dysfunction in global economies. Future empirical research at the IPR will focus more comprehensively on the fifth and final research question above, namely estimating the macroeconomic effects of a UBI, including one funded using sovereign money. Next, we introduce three central ideas in the report - the decline in the labour share, technological change and growth regimes - before briefly outlining the consequences for policy debates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction (2023)
Zitatform
D'Alessandro, Simone, Tiziano Distefano, Guilherme Spinato Morlin & Davide Villani (2023): Policy Responses to Labour-Saving Technologies: Basic Income, Job Guarantee, and Working Time Reduction. (JRC working papers on social classes in the digital age / Joint Research Centre (Seville site) 2023-09), Sevilla, 24 S.
Abstract
"Several studies argue that the latest advancements in technology could result in a continuous decrease in the employment level, the labour share of income and higher inequalities. This paper investigates policy responses to the rise of labour-saving technologies and their potential negative effects on employment and inequality. Using EUROGREEN (an Input-Output-Stock-Flow model), we assess how three different policy measures – basic income (BI), job guarantee (JG), and working time reduction without loss of payment (WTR) – could affect the economy in the wake of a technological shock. We build different scenarios in which the effects of these policies are implemented against a reference setting of high labour productivity growth. We evaluate the impact of these policies on per capita GDP, the Gini coefficient, the labour share, the unemployment rate, and the deficit-to-GDP ratio. We find that these policies could be effective in counterbalancing some of the negative effects of labour-saving technologies. JG reduces the level of unemployment significantly and permanently, whereas BI and WTR only temporarily affect the unemployment rate. WTR effectively increases the wage share and generates the lowest deficit-to-GDP ratio in the long run. The introduction of a wealth tax further reduces inequality and helps to offset the increase in public spending associated with JG and BI. A mix of these policies delivers the highest per capita GDP, lowest unemployment rate, and best distributive outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf (2023)
Promberger, Markus;Zitatform
Promberger, Markus (2023): Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen passt nicht in unsere Arbeitsgesellschaft. Ein sozialphilosophischer Einwurf. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.07.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230710.01
Abstract
"Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen, so sehen es viele seiner Befürworter, eröffnet den Menschen den Weg vom „Reich der Notwendigkeit“ ins „Reich der Freiheit“, indem es sie vom ökonomischen Arbeitszwang befreit. Wer so argumentiert, verkennt, dass Arbeit ein Grundelement der menschlichen Existenz ist. Zugleich entlässt er die Arbeitgeber aus ihrer Verantwortung, Vollzeitbeschäftigten existenzsichernde Löhne zu bezahlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Promberger, Markus; -
Literaturhinweis
A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income (2023)
Zitatform
Rincón, Leire (2023): A Robin Hood for all: a conjoint experiment on support for basic income. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 375-399. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2021.2007983
Abstract
"Support for universal basic income is one of the key conundrums of the politics of welfare reform. Research shows that the predictors of UBI favourability also explain support for other policy alternatives, which differ substantially from a UBI, like targeted or conditional cash transfers. What is attractive or objectionable about a UBI to individuals, and which policy alternatives does public opinion actually prefer? In this paper, I tackle these questions with a conjoint experiment conducted in Spain. The results show that the universality of UBI, i.e., the fact that it is given to everyone, is what generates opposition. On the other hand, its unconditionality or the idea that it does not attach any conditions to recipients, is not particularly unpopular. However, the results also reveal that progressive funding mechanisms and restricting eligibility criteria to citizens only, can boost approval for this policy. These results have far-reaching implications for the study of welfare preferences, UBI support and theories on deservingness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? (2023)
Schneider, Hilmar;Zitatform
Schneider, Hilmar (2023): Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit oder bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 9–10, S. 773-776. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.9-10.773
Abstract
Aktivierung, Recht auf Arbeit und bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen sind staatliche Antworten auf das Problem einer verfestigten Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit, bei der es einem Anteil von Menschen dauerhaft schwerfällt, prinzipiell vorhandene Arbeitsmarktchancen für sich zu nutzen. Sind die Jobcenter auch bemüht, den Betroffenen eine passende Hilfe anzubieten, so sind die Erfolgsaussichten bescheiden. Sollte man es also besser lassen, den Betroffenen zu helfen? Sollte der Sozialstaat stattdessen Menschen alimentieren, obwohl sie in der Lage wären, ihren Beitrag zur individuellen Existenzsicherung zu leisten? Das ist eine über Wahlen zu entscheidende normative Grundsatzfrage. Wissenschaft kann nur aufzeigen, was zu erwarten ist, wenn sich eine Gesellschaft für diese oder jene Handlungsoption entscheidet. 'Aktuelle Studien des IAB belegen eindrucksvoll, wie wirkungsvoll ein am Individuum orientiertes ganzheitliches Coaching sein kann. (…) Es gehört aber ebenso zur Wahrheit, dass viele der Betroffenen von sich aus niemals auf die Idee kämen, ein solches Coaching zu suchen. Ohne einen gewissen Paternalismus seitens der Jobcenter würden viele der Betroffenen ihr Leben lang in der Sackgasse hängen bleiben, in die sie aus welchen Gründen auch immer einmal geraten sind.' Das einjährige Sanktionsmoratorium, das im Juli 2022 in Kraft trat, und eine vom Autor herangezogene umfangreiche Untersuchung aus Nordirland zeigen ernüchternde Ergebnisse: Mit dem Wegfall der Sanktionsmöglichkeiten steigt die Quote des Nichterscheinens bei den anberaumten Gesprächsterminen innerhalb kürzester Zeit von 10 auf 50 Prozent, entsprechend sinkt die Quote der Vermittlungen in Jobs und Maßnahmen. Die Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsleistungen verändert sich mit den behördlicherseits verlangten Voraussetzungen. Mit einer Reduktion des Sozialstaats auf eine reine Umverteilung, wie es den Befürwortern des bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens vorschwebt, überlässt man die Hilfebedürftigen mit ihren Problemen sich selbst. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance (2022)
Zitatform
Afscharian, Dominic, Viktoriia Muliavka, Marius S. Ostrowski & Lukáš Siegel (2022): Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe's risk insurance. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 257-275. DOI:10.1177/13882627221118103
Abstract
"In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU's social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Busemeyer, Marius R. & Alexander H. J. Sahm (2022): Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 751-770. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000519
Abstract
"Rapid technological change – the digitalization and automation of work – is challenging contemporary welfare states. Most of the existing research, however, focuses on its effect on labor market outcomes, such as employment or wage levels. In contrast, this paper studies the implications of technological change for welfare state attitudes and preferences. Compared to previous work on this topic, this paper adopts a much broader perspective regarding different kinds of social policy. Using data from the European Social Survey, we find that individual automation risk is positively associated with support for redistribution, but negatively with support for social investment policies (partly depending on the specific measure of automation risk that is used), while there is no statistically significant association with support for basic income. We also find a moderating effect of the overall size of the welfare state on the micro-level association between risk and preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))