Einkommensverteilung in Deutschland
Laut einer OECD-Studie ist die Einkommensungleichheit in Deutschland seit 1990 erheblich stärker gewachsen als in den meisten anderen OECD-Ländern. Die zunehmende Kluft zwischen Arm und Reich geht vor allem auf die Entwicklung der Löhne und Gehälter zurück. Die OECD empfiehlt, dem steuer- und sozialpolitisch entgegenzuwirken, mehr Menschen in existenzsichernde Beschäftigung zu bringen sowie mehr in die Bildung Niedrigqualifizierter zu investieren.
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Literaturhinweis
The distribution of national income in Germany, 1992–2019 (2026)
Zitatform
Bach, Stefan, Charlotte Bartels & Theresa Neef (2026): The distribution of national income in Germany, 1992–2019. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 181. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105149
Abstract
"This paper estimates and analyzes the distribution and composition of pre-tax national income in Germany since reunification, combining personal income tax returns, household survey data, and national accounts. We find that pre-tax national income inequality has increased since the 1990s, though to a lesser extent than suggested by previous studies. Our results draw parallels in top income structure and concentration to the United States: Half of the top 1% earners are non-corporate business owners in labor-intensive professions contrasting with corporate top incomes in France. Also the concentration of pre-tax national income in Germany is similar to the United States and higher than in France." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dealing with Censored Earnings in Register Data (2026)
Beckmannshagen, Mattis ; Tchokni, Yogam; Koenig, Johannes ; Schluter, Christian; Retter, Isabella; Schröder, Carsten ;Zitatform
Beckmannshagen, Mattis, Johannes Koenig, Isabella Retter, Christian Schluter, Carsten Schröder & Yogam Tchokni (2026): Dealing with Censored Earnings in Register Data. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 246, H. 1/2, S. 5-34. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2024-0037
Abstract
"Earnings are often top-coded (right-censored) in administrative registers. The censoring threshold in the case of Germany is the limit value for social security contributions, leading to a substantial fraction of censoring: For example, about 12 % of male workers in West Germany are affected, rising to above 30 % for highly educated prime-aged workers. This missing right tail ofthe earnings distribution constitutes a major problem for researchers studying earnings inequality and top incomes. We overcome this challenge by taking a distributional approach and semi-parametrically modelling the right tail as being Pareto-like. Non-censored earnings survey data matched to administrative records, derived from the SOEP-RV project, let us operate in a laboratory-like setting in which the targets are known. Our approach outperforms alternative imputation methods based on Tobit regressions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Simulationsrechnungen zum offenen Brief und Reformvorschlag für das Ehegattensplitting (2026)
Zitatform
Blömer, Maximilian Joseph & Andreas Peichl (2026): Simulationsrechnungen zum offenen Brief und Reformvorschlag für das Ehegattensplitting. In: ifo Schnelldienst digital, Jg. 7, H. 7, S. 1-14.
Abstract
"Am 2. Juni 2026 formulierten Ökonominnen und Ökonomen einen offenen Brief an die Bundesregierung mit einem Reformvorschlag für das Ehegattensplitting. Dieser ersetzt das heutige Ehegattensplitting durch ein begrenztes Realsplitting und verwendet die daraus resultierenden Mehreinnahmen vollständig für höhere Leistungen an Familien mit Kindern. Die zugrunde liegenden Simulationsrechnungen wurden mit dem ifo Mikrosimulationsmodell erstellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen drei zentrale Befunde: Erstens steigen die Erwerbsanreize insbesondere für Zweitverdienende; das zusätzliche Arbeitsangebot beläuft sich auf rund 49 000 Vollzeitäquivalente. Zweitens profitieren im Durchschnitt vor allem Paare mit Kindern und Alleinerziehende, während kinderlose Paare mit stark ungleichen Einkommen belastet werden. Drittens ist die Reform bei Berücksichtigung von Verhaltensanpassungen aufkommensneutral." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational earning potential: a new measure of social hierarchy in Europe and the US (2026)
Zitatform
Oesch, Daniel, Oliver Lipps, Roujman Shahbazian, Erik Bihagen & Katy Morris (2026): Occupational earning potential: a new measure of social hierarchy in Europe and the US. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 421-441. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaf035
Abstract
"Social stratification is interested in unequal life chances and assumes the existence of a hierarchy of more or less advantageous occupations. Yet occupations are not easily translated into a linear hierarchical measure. Influential scales combine multiple indicators and lack intuitive interpretation. We therefore present a new scale based on occupations’ earnings potential (OEP). OEP measures the median earnings of occupations and expresses them as percentiles of the overall earnings structure: if mechanics earn the national median wage, their OEP is 50. We construct national OEP scales using annual microdata pooled over several decades for Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the US. Consistent with the Treiman constant, these national scales are highly correlated over time and across countries, justifying the use of one common OEP scale. When applied to another European dataset, the common OEP scale explains a quarter of the variance in earnings—and works as well for men as women and as well for countries used to construct the scale as for other countries. Moreover, it is associated with the causes (education) and consequences (social mobility) that the theory expects. OEP thereby provides a simple and parsimonious indicator of economic advantage that can be meaningfully interpreted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vertical structure and wage inequality (2026)
Zitatform
Pi, Jiancai, Shuning Li & Shumin Yu (2026): Vertical structure and wage inequality. In: International journal of economic theory, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 161-182. DOI:10.1111/ijet.70013
Abstract
"We analyze the role of vertical structure in wage inequality. By constructing general equilibrium models, we consider scenarios with unemployment, full employment, and separated unskilled labor markets. In an economy with unemployment, a reduction in the regulated upstream price will widen wage inequality if the substitution elasticity of factors in the variable cost is sufficiently small. In an economy with full employment, a decrease in the regulated upstream price will expand wage inequality. In an economy with separated unskilled labor markets, the results in the two aforementioned situations still hold. We further discuss how regulated upstream pricing affects social welfare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alterssicherung - eine Frage von Einkommen und Vermögen: Stellungnahme zum Fragenkatalog der Alterssicherungskommission der Bundesregierung (2026)
Pimpertz, Jochen;Zitatform
Pimpertz, Jochen (2026): Alterssicherung - eine Frage von Einkommen und Vermögen. Stellungnahme zum Fragenkatalog der Alterssicherungskommission der Bundesregierung. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2026,10), Köln, 25 S.
Abstract
"Die Alterssicherungskommission der Bundesregierung soll einerseits eine Kennziffer für das Gesamtversorgungsniveau aus gesetzlicher Rente, betrieblicher und geförderter Privatvorsorge entwickeln. Andererseits soll es darum gehen, wie der Lebensstandardsicherung im Alter gesichert werden kann. Beide Arbeitsaufträge können zu unterschiedlichen Ableitungen führen: Soll das Gesamtversorgungsniveau aus den drei Säulen maßgeblich für Reformen sein, dann wird damit implizit unterstellt, dass die Bedarfe im Alter vorrangig über monatliche Renten aus den drei Versicherungssystemen gedeckt werden sollen. Der Lebensstandard lässt sich aber auch durch Vermögen absichern. Das ist der Grund, warum Leistungen der Grundsicherung oder das Wohngeld eine Prüfung der Einkommens- und Vermögensverhältnisse voraussetzen. Ein Gesamtversorgungsniveau der drei Säulen vermag auch deshalb keine geeignete Zielgröße zu sein, weil die Höhe der Leistungen jeweils von den individuellen Bildungs-, Erwerbs- und Vorsorgeentscheidungen der Versicherten abhängen. Insbesondere in Paarhaushalten können niedrige Versorgungsansprüche einer Person mit hinreichend hohen Leistungen des Partners zusammentreffen. Schon deshalb lässt sich weder aus dem Sicherungsniveau der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung noch aus dem Verbreitungsgrad ergänzender Vorsorgesysteme treffsicher auf Versorgungsrisiken im Alter schließen. Dennoch werden unterschiedliche Reformmodelle mit der Sorge vor steigender Armutsgefährdung begründet. Auch dieses Messkonzept abstrahiert von den Vermögenswerten. Immerhin berücksichtigt es aber sämtliche Nettoeinkommen, die allen Haushaltsmitgliedern zufließen. Allerdings werden dabei die Vorteile des gemeinsamen Wirtschaftens, das in Mehrpersonenhaushalten möglich ist, über eine Bedarfsgewichtung der Haushaltsmitglieder berücksichtigt. Auch deshalb lässt sich nicht treffsicher von der Höhe einer gesetzlichen, betrieblichen oder privaten Rente auf Armutsgefährdungsrisiken im Haushalt schließen. Tatsächlich deuten die empirischen Befunde darauf hin, dass Vermögenswerte selbst bei der Absicherung von Haushalten mit geringerem Alterseinkommen relevant sein können. Für das Gros der Ruhestandshaushalte werden höhere Vermögensbestände festgestellt, die für eine Lebensstandardsicherung jenseits des Grundsicherungsniveaus eingesetzt werden können - sei es zur Tilgung einer Hypothek, die ein mietfreies Wohnen in der selbstgenutzten Immobilie ermöglicht, oder sei es zur Vorsorge gegen Ausgabenrisiken, die sich zum Beispiel im Pflegefall ergeben. Deshalb sollten Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Alterssicherungssysteme nur auf Basis empirischer Befunde abgeleitet werden, die den Wohlstand eines Haushalts umfassend abbilden, also sowohl die Einkommen- als auch die Vermögensausstattung eines Haushalts berücksichtigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Poverty and health – does parenthood matter? Trends in income inequality in self-rated health among parents and non-parents in Germany from 2009 to 2024 (2026)
Zitatform
Rattay, Petra, Florian Beese, Stefanie Sperlich, Nico Dragano & Niels Michalski (2026): Poverty and health – does parenthood matter? Trends in income inequality in self-rated health among parents and non-parents in Germany from 2009 to 2024. In: BMC public health, Jg. 26. DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-27495-x
Abstract
"Background: Income inequalities in health are a major public health issue in modern societies. This study investigated an understudied topic by comparing trends in income inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) between parents and non-parents. Methods: We used data from eight surveys of the GEDA study series (2009–2023) and from the first survey of the RKI Panel (2024), including a total of 106,399 randomly sampled participants aged 25–59. Age-adjusted prevalence of good SRH was calculatedfor each cross-section stratified by income groups and parental status. Moderation analyses using Poisson regressions with three-way interactions between income, parental status and survey were conducted. Trends in income-related health inequality were analysed based on the Slope Index of Inequality and the Relative Index of Inequality stratified by parental status. Results: In 2009, 75.7% of women and 77.7% of men reported good SRH. For the total sample, no significant changes in good SRH were observed until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, when a notable increase was recorded (women: 80.2%, men: 81.9%). In 2022, the prevalence returned to pre-pandemic levels and reached its lowest point in 2024 (women: 68.1%, men: 71.6%). Non-parents and those at risk of poverty were less likely to report good SRH. The moderation analysis revealed a decline in good SRH among those at risk of poverty, particularly in non-fathers (from 2014/15 onwards) and non-mothers (after 2014/15). A decline in good SRH was also observed among mothers at risk of poverty in 2023/24. These findings were confirmed by the results on absolute and relative income-related inequalities in SRH. Conclusions: Even before the pandemic, income-related health inequalities in Germany were increasing to the detriment of non-parents at risk of poverty. This could be due to the prolonged strain on this group caused by the ongoing polycrisis. Parenthood may buffer some of the stress associated with poverty, particularly in women. However, selection effects could also be at play, meaning that people in poor health are less likely to become parents or earn higher incomes. To identify health trends early on and promote targeted policy interventions to improve the health of people living in poverty, health inequalities should be regularly monitored for different population groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage patterns in West Berlin: a synthetic control approach after the fall of the wall (2026)
Urzay-Gómez, Sergi;Zitatform
Urzay-Gómez, Sergi (2026): Wage patterns in West Berlin: a synthetic control approach after the fall of the wall. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 626-629. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2024.2386145
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of the Berlin Wall’s fall on West Berliners’ salaries using the Synthetic Control Method and regional-level data (NUTS-2) from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our study shows that the collapse of the Berlin Wall led to a sudden stagnation in salaries for West Berliners, compared to a scenario where the Wall had remained intact." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Rising Inequality, Declining Mobility: The Evolution of Intergenerational Mobility in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Baarck, Julia, Moritz Bode & Andreas Peichl (2025): Rising Inequality, Declining Mobility: The Evolution of Intergenerational Mobility in Germany. (CESifo working paper 12058), München, 29 S.
Abstract
"This paper is the first to show that intergenerational income mobility in Germany has decreased over time. We provide estimates of intergenerational persistence for the birth cohorts 1968-1987 and document that the rank-rank slope rises sharply for cohorts born in the late 1970s and early 1980s, after which it stabilizes at a higher level. Depending on the specification, the slope increases by 59%-107%. As a step towards understanding the mechanisms behind this increase in income persistence, we show that parental income has become much more important for educational outcomes of children over the same time period. Moreover, we show that the increase in intergenerational income persistence coincided with an increase in cross-sectional income inequality, providing novel evidence for an "Intertemporal Great Gatsby Curve" in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Testing Marx: Capital Accumulation, Income Inequality, and Socialism in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Bartels, Charlotte, Felix Kersting & Nikolaus Wolf (2025): Testing Marx: Capital Accumulation, Income Inequality, and Socialism in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 107, H. 4, S. 935-950. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01305
Abstract
"We study the dynamics of capital accumulation, income inequality, capital concentration, and voting up to 1914. Based on new panel data for Prussian regions, we reevaluate the famous revisionism debate between orthodox Marxists and their critics. We show that changes in capital accumulation led to a rise in the capital share and income inequality, as predicted by orthodox Marxists. But against their predictions, this neither led to further capital concentration nor to more votes for the socialists. Instead, trade unions and strike activity limited income inequality and fostered political support for socialism, as argued by the revisionists." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Fragmented Country: Regional Income Convergence in Germany (2025)
Cieslik, Andrzej; Misiak, Tomasz;Zitatform
Cieslik, Andrzej & Tomasz Misiak (2025): A Fragmented Country: Regional Income Convergence in Germany. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 75, S. 248-260. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.006
Abstract
"In this paper we study regional income convergence in Germany using the novel approach proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007) that has not been so far employed in the context of German regions. Our study employs data at two levels of the NUTS regional classification for the period 2000-2021. At the NUTS I level, the panel data consist of 16 states (Länder - 10 in West Germany and 6 in East Germany), while at the NUTS II level it consists of 38 total Governmental districts (Regierungsbezirke - 30 in West Germany and 8 in East Germany). Our research results indicate that the income convergence hypothesis among all German regions is rejected for the whole country both at NUTS I and NUTS II levels. Likewise, the convergence hypothesis is rejected among both Eastern and Western regions. Nevertheless, the results show the presence of club convergence. Among all German regions, we identify three convergence clubs, and their distribution, especially at the NUTS II level, indicates that the axis of contemporary development trends runs horizontally rather than vertically. This allows us to argue that in contrast to the previous division between the richer Western and the poorer Eastern regions, a new division between the richer South and the poorer North has been emerging." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migrant wealth in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Faininger, Rudolf & Svenja Flechtner (2025): Migrant wealth in Germany. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 1255-1282. DOI:10.1007/s10888-025-09668-7
Abstract
"Migrant households in Germany hold significantly less wealth than native households, with disparities varying by origin and generation. Using SOEP data (2012, 2017), this study quantifies gaps across the wealth distribution and examines income, saving rates, and portfolio composition. Migrants from low- and middle-income countries exhibit the largest gaps, with persistent disadvantages in the upper distribution. Second-generation high-income country migrants show signs of convergence. Disparities are mainly due to portfolio composition and differences in earnings and savings behavior. The findings underscore the heterogeneity of migrant wealth accumulation and contribute to research on wealth inequality and migration economics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
IAB-Lohnmonitor: Die unteren Löhne sind seit Ende 2023 überproportional stark gestiegen (2025)
Zitatform
Gartner, Hermann & Enzo Weber (2025): IAB-Lohnmonitor: Die unteren Löhne sind seit Ende 2023 überproportional stark gestiegen. In: IAB-Forum – Grafik aktuell H. 09.10.2025, 2025-10-08. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.GA.20251009.01
Abstract
"Die Verdienste am unteren Ende der Lohnskala haben in den vergangenen zwei Jahren im Schnitt deutlich stärker zugelegt als die mittleren und höheren Löhne. Dies zeigt der neue IAB-Lohnmonitor, der mehrmals im Jahr erscheinen wird. Die Daten basieren auf der hochfrequenten IAB-Online-Personenbefragung „Arbeiten und Leben in Deutschland“ (IAB-OPAL)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Einkommensverteilung: Anzeichen für Trendbruch beim Armutsrisiko – Alleinerziehende seltener von Armut bedroht (2025)
Zitatform
Grabka, Markus M. (2025): Einkommensverteilung: Anzeichen für Trendbruch beim Armutsrisiko – Alleinerziehende seltener von Armut bedroht. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 92, H. 8, S. 103-113. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2025-8-1
Abstract
"Die Bruttostundenlöhne von abhängig Beschäftigten sind im Zeitraum 1995 bis 2022 trotz zuletzt hoher Inflation real um rund 15 Prozent gestiegen. Vor allem das unterste Lohndezil holte nach zwischenzeitlich starken Reallohnverlusten wieder gegenüber allen anderen Dezilen auf. Parallel dazu ging der Niedriglohnsektor seit 2007 um knapp fünf Prozentpunkte zurück, in Ostdeutschland sogar um 14 Prozentpunkte. Im Jahr 2022 befanden sich 18,5 Prozent der abhängig Beschäftigten in Haupttätigkeit in diesem Lohnsegment. Die Haushaltsnettoeinkommen stiegen seit 1995 inflationsbereinigt um im Schnitt 35 Prozent. Beim Armutsrisiko deutet sich nach einer langen Phase des Anstiegs ein Trendbruch an. Unter Alleinerziehenden zeigt sich deutschlandweit seit 2010 ein Rückgang um 4,3 Prozentpunkte, in Ostdeutschland sogar um knapp 15 Prozentpunkte. Will man das weiterhin hohe Armutsrisiko reduzieren, sollten Kinder und Jugendliche in den Blick genommen werden, da der Anteil der frühen Schulabgänger*innen zuletzt auf 13,1 Prozent gewachsen ist. Ohne qualifizierten Bildungsabschluss sind aber Armutskarrieren sehr wahrscheinlich. Gezielte Bildungsausgaben, die über höhere Steuern auf Vermögen finanziert werden könnten, sind auch aus diesem Grund dringend erforderlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
Englische Version erschienen in DIW Weekly Report -
Literaturhinweis
Insurance, redistribution, and the inequality of lifetime income (2025)
Zitatform
Haan, Peter, Daniel Kemptner, Victoria Prowse & Maximilian Schaller (2025): Insurance, redistribution, and the inequality of lifetime income. In: Quantitative Economics, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 565-613. DOI:10.3982/qe1637
Abstract
"Individuals vary considerably in how much they earn during their lifetimes. This study examines the role of the tax-and-transfer system in mitigating such inequalities, which could otherwise lead to disparities in living standards. Utilizing a life-cycle model, we determine that the tax-and-transfer system offsets 45% of lifetime earnings inequality attributed to differences in productive abilities and education. Additionally, the system insures against 47% of lifetime earnings risk. Implementing a lifetime tax reform that links annual taxes to prior employment could enhance the system's insurance function, though it may involve tradeoffs in terms of employment and overall welfare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Couples' division of paid work and rising income inequality: A study of 21 OECD countries (2025)
Zitatform
Herzberg-Druker, Efrat (2025): Couples' division of paid work and rising income inequality: A study of 21 OECD countries. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 99. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101084
Abstract
"Numerous scholars have explored the association between women's changing employment patterns and the changing income inequality in recent decades. While most studies indicate that increased women's employment reduces household inequality, a few suggest the opposite effect. This research investigated whether shifts in the division of paid work (i.e., changes in the working hours) among heterosexual couples, as compared to changes in women's work alone, contribute to changes in income inequality. It also examined whether the selection of couples into the different types of division of paid work based on their level of education is a mechanism underlying the growing inequality. Based on counterfactual analyses of data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), encompassing 21 OECD countries, the findings demonstrate shifts in couples' division of paid work, particularly the increase in fulltime dual-earner households, are associated with rising income inequality in most countries studied. However, changes in educational attainment were not found to be the mechanism underlying the association between changes in couples' division of paid work and changes in income inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The contribution of employer changes to aggregate wage mobility (2025)
Zitatform
Hollandt, Nils Torben & Steffen Müller (2025): The contribution of employer changes to aggregate wage mobility. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 490-515. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpae038
Abstract
"Wage mobility reduces the persistence of wage inequality. We develop a framework to quantify the contribution of employer-to-employer movers to aggregate wage mobility. Using three decades of German social security data, we find that inequality increased while aggregate wage mobility decreased. Employer-to-employer movers exhibit higher wage mobility, mainly due to changes in employer wage premia at job change. The massive structural changes following German unification temporarily led to a high number of movers, which in turn boosted aggregate wage mobility. Wage mobility is much lower at the bottom of the wage distribution, and the decline in aggregate wage mobility since the 1980s is concentrated there. The overall decline can be mostly attributed to a reduction in wage mobility per mover, which is due to a compositional shift toward lower-wage movers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen als: IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit, 17259Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Poverty among migrant, mixed, and non-migrant households: the role of non-teleworkability and single-earnership in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Hornung, Maria, Emanuela Stuffolino & Hannah Zagel (2025): Poverty among migrant, mixed, and non-migrant households: the role of non-teleworkability and single-earnership in Germany. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 51, H. 5, S. 1294-1321. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2024.2404219
Abstract
"Migrant and mixed households have higher poverty than non-migrant households. This is partly because single-earner two-adult households are more prevalent in migrant and mixed households and because such households have different job characteristics. One crucial job characteristic is teleworkability. Whether or not individuals can work from home has become a dividing factor in the labour market. While much research has focused on how teleworkability affects poverty in the majority population, less attention has been devoted to migrant and mixed two-adult households. Using the German Microcensus (2019), we construct work arrangements based on the number of earners in the household and their job‘s teleworkability to predict poverty for non-migrant (N = 49,507), mixed (N = 6,818), and migrant households (N = 8,922). Descriptive statistics show that, in Germany, migrant and mixed households have more single-earner and non-teleworkable work arrangements. Results from logistic regressions report higher poverty for non-teleworkable and single-earner work arrangements, putting mixed and migrant households at an increased disadvantage. Furthermore, we find that migrant (and mixed) households not only have a higher prevalence of high-poverty work arrangements but also higher poverty than non-migrant and mixed households within the same work arrangements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Uncovering what matters: Family life-course aspects and personal wealth in late working age (2025)
Zitatform
Kapelle, Nicole & Carla Rowold (2025): Uncovering what matters: Family life-course aspects and personal wealth in late working age. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 52, S. 689-740. DOI:10.4054/demres.2025.52.22
Abstract
"Background: Capturing the complexity of family life courses as predictors of later-life outcomes like wealth is challenging. Previous research has either (a) assessed a few selective but potentially irrelevant summary indicators, or (b) examined entire life-course clusters without identifying specific important aspects within and between them. Objective: Our aim is to investigate which family life-course variables that capture the order, duration, and timing of states and transitions are key personal wealth predictors for Western Germans aged 50 to 59, and to analyse the strength and direction of associations between the relevant variables and personal wealth, and whether these differ by gender. Methods: We used German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data and combined feature selection, sequence analysis tools, and regression techniques. Results: We identified 23 family life-course variables as relevant predictors, with 2 – the time spent never-married, with and without children – deemed most relevant. Most family life-course variables were negatively associated with personal wealth and characterised by single parenthood, marital separation, or early marital transitions with or without fertility transitions. The prevalence and significance of some of the associations between these variables and personal wealth differed across genders. The results highlight the importance of previously concealed family life-course variables for wealth inequalities in late working age. Contribution: We extend previous research on the nexus between family demography and wealth stratification by using a novel, data-driven approach that more effectively explores family life-course complexities by considering the ‘entire’ universe of variables that describe such life courses and identifying those life-course variables that are relevant wealth predictors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A cohabitation wealth premium for women and men: considering the regulatory framework and normative acceptance in France and Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Kapelle, Nicole, Nicolas Frémeaux, Philipp M. Lersch & Marion Leturcq (2025): A cohabitation wealth premium for women and men: considering the regulatory framework and normative acceptance in France and Germany. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 591-620. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf013
Abstract
"We examine the association between cohabitation and women’s and men’s wealth, closely considering the distinct regulatory and normative contexts in France and Eastern and Western Germany. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002 –2017) and the French wealth survey Histoire de Vie et Patrimoine (2014/15-2020/21), we apply fixed-effects regression models to examine potential wealth advantages associated with cohabitation, including the relevance of gender and contextual differences. We find that cohabitation is positively associated with women’s and men’s wealth across contexts, without meaningful gender differences. For France, entering a Pacs (i.e. registered cohabitation) is associated with an additional premium beyond the (unregistered) cohabitation premium—though these effects may not be causal. Overall, our results suggest that the regulatory treatment of cohabitation plays a more significant role in shaping the wealth accumulation of cohabiting women and men than normative acceptance, while gender has little impact on the associated benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))