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Assmann, Marie-Luise (2023): Personalized Support in Youth Labor Market Policy. The Role of Youth Career Agencies. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 231 S.

Abstract

"In the face of increasing youth unemployment across Europe, innovative approaches to youth labor market policy are crucial. One such approach is the introduction of ‘one-stop shops’ for young people. Here, employment offices and other actors, such as youth social services, cooperate to offer young people coordinated advice from a single source. The impact of their introduction upon the young people that use them is, thus far, under-researched. This study begins to fill this gap by outlining the support approach of the German ‘youth career agencies’ that centers on gaining a more complete picture of the young person’s life situation in order to offer them a range of possible support programs. The study interrogates whether the youth career agencies do offer more personalized advice for young people during their transition to employment than classical job center teams. It argues that, if the cooperative relationships between the actors involved in the youth career agencies are of good quality, more personalized support is likely to be offered there. However, personalized support in youth career agencies is still limited by the diverse specifications and target figures demanded of job centers by the Federal Employment Agency and also influenced by the professional background of the individual caseworkers." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Filomena, Mattia, Isabella Giorgetti & Matteo Picchio (2022): Off to a Bad Start: Youth Nonemployment and Labor Market Outcomes Later in Life. (IZA discussion paper 15366), Bonn, 65 S.

Abstract

"We estimate the effect of nonemployment experienced by Italian youth after leaving secondary school on subsequent labor market outcomes. We focus on the impact on earnings and labor market participation both in the short- and in the long-term, up to 25 years since school completion. By estimating a factor analytic model which controls for time-varying unobserved heterogeneity, we find that the negative effect of nonemployment on earnings is especially persistent, being sizeable and statistically significant up to 25 years after school completion, for both men and women. Penalties in terms of participation last instead shorter; they disappear by the 10th year after school completion. Hence, early nonemployment operates by persistently locking the youth who get off to a bad start into low-wage jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2022): Ist diese Krise anders? Wie sich die Corona-Krise auf die wirtschaftliche und soziale Situation von Jugendlichen in Europa auswirkt. In: IAB-Forum H. 20.01.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-01-18. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220120.01

Abstract

"Wirtschaftliche Einbrüche haben für junge Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt allgemein schwerwiegendere Folgen als für andere Altersgruppen. Wie wirkt sich die Covid-19-Krise diesbezüglich im Vergleich mit der globalen Finanzkrise vor einem Jahrzehnt aus? Ein genauer Blick auch auf andere europäische Länder liefert hier interessante Einblicke." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ralston, Kevin, Dawn Everington, Zhiqiang Feng & Chris Dibben (2022): Economic Inactivity, Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) and Scarring: The Importance of NEET as a Marker of Long-Term Disadvantage. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 59-79. DOI:10.1177/0950017020973882

Abstract

"The category of not in employment, education or training (NEET) refers to young people who are recorded as neither in paid employment nor formal education either at one time point, or for a continuous period. This article assesses levels of employment scarring for those aged 36–39, at Census 2011 (prime employment years) who were recorded as NEET when aged 16–19 at Census 1991 in Scotland. Outcomes are compared for those who moved from NEET into economic activity and by gender. We find evidence that NEET status leads to long-term scarring associated with economic inactivity and unemployment and that this is only partially offset for those who moved from NEET in 1991 to be economically active in 2001. The results also highlight gendering of NEET outcomes. NEET may be a category borne of administrative convenience, rather than sociological consistency but, as intended, it captures a group who experience disadvantage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bentolila, Samuel, Florentino Felgueroso, Marcel Jansen & Juan F. Jimeno (2021): Lost in Recession: Youth Employment and Earnings in Spain. (Estudios sobre la Economía Española / Fundación de Estudios de Economía Aplicada 2021-12), Madrid, 32 S.

Abstract

"Young workers in Spain face the unprecedented impact of the Great Recession and the Covid-19 crisis in short sequence. Moreover, they have also experienced a deterioration in their employment and earnings over the last three decades. In this paper we document this evolution and adopt a longitudinal approach to show that employment and earnings losses suffered by young workers during recessions are not made up in the subsequent expansions. We also estimate the size of the scarring effects of entering the job market in a recession for college-educated workers during their first decade in the labor market. Our empirical estimates indicate that, while there is some evidence of scarring effects, the driving force is a trend worsening of youth labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Berloffa, Gabriella, Alina Şandor, Mark Smith & Paola Villa (2021): Youth employment trajectories and labour market reforms during the Great Recession in Europe. In: SINAPPSI, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 8-21.

Abstract

"The Great Recession had profound consequences for the quantity and quality of work for young people in European countries. Usual labour market indicators capture only some crisis effects, highlighting the need for a more dynamic and nuanced approach. As a result, this paper adopts an innovative approach to both the analysis of the integration of young adults (aged 17-34) on to the labour market and the study of the relationship between the labour market performance and policy making." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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De Fraja, Gianni, Sara Lemos & James Rockey (2021): The Wounds That Do Not Heal: The Lifetime Scar of Youth Unemployment. In: Economica, Jg. 88, H. 352, S. 896-941. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12384

Abstract

"This paper uses UK administrative data to study the long-term effects of unemployment on earnings. It is the first paper to pinpoint accurately the relative importance of the timing of employment shocks within workers’ lives. We find a strong effect of events in the first few years after entry into the labour market: each month of unemployment between ages 18 and 20 causes a permanent income loss of 1.2% per year. This scar effect of youth unemployment is lower when it happens when the worker's age is between 21 and 23, and it disappears altogether in the next three-year age period. The scar effect is most severe for individuals at the lower end of the ability distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Dietrich, Hans, Golo Henseke, Juliane Achatz, Silke Anger, Bernhard Christoph & Alexander Patzina (2021): Youth unemployment in Germany and the United Kingdom in times of Covid-19 (Series "Tracking youth joblessness during the Covid-19 crisis"). In: IAB-Forum H. 04.08.2021 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2021-07-30.

Abstract

"Despite economic and institutional differences, youth unemployment figures in Germany and the United Kingdom rose during the Covid-19 pandemic and reached a peak in August 2020. Since then they have tended to decrease in both countries. Three aspects are important in this regard: the total number of unemployed youth, the inflow pattern of young people into unemployment, and the duration of their unemployment spells. The analysis of the two countries’ youth unemployment is embedded in a broader European perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tubadji, Annie, Hans Dietrich, Vasilis Angelis, Anette Haas & Brigitte Schels (2021): Fear-of-failure and cultural persistence in youth entrepreneurship. Comparative analysis: Greece versus Germany. In: Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Jg. 33, H. 5, S. 513-538., 2019-11-12. DOI:10.1080/08276331.2019.1692999

Abstract

"This paper explores the sensitivity of youth's fear of failure to local culture, in terms of its persistence across space and its change (hysteresis) in times of economic shocks, which renders entrepreneurship a very dubious tool for tackling youth unemployment especially in times of crisis. We focus on youth in Germany and Greece which are culturally and economically very different countries. Data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) provides a pooled cross-section for the period 2003-2010. We address the data using a probit model with year fixed effects. Regarding the influence of personal fear-of-failure, we find that youth between 15 and 24 years of age are less entrepreneurial in both Greece and Germany, while the 25-34 years old young adults in Greece are already at the same entrepreneurial level as an average adult. Our findings also support existing gender differentials in both countries, which generally phase out among young people. Yet, country differences in perceptions have the greatest impact on entrepreneurial propensity. Regarding the local cultural characteristics, there is evidence of cultural embeddedness and cultural persistence effects especially among youth between 15 and 24 years of age which makes entrepreneurship an unsuitable" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Andersen, Ditte (2020): Stuck! Welfare state dependency as lived experience. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 317-336. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2019.1616796

Abstract

"The concern that public support may spur dependency has been voiced throughout the history of welfare states. Nevertheless, little research examines the experience of welfare state dependency in the context of recipients' everyday lives. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a case involving Anna, who depends on the Danish welfare system for financial benefits and other forms of support. The study spans five years from age 19 to 24, and includes some of the significant others in Anna's everyday life - her mother, who also depends on welfare, and her caseworkers. By situating Anna's experiences in a temporal and social context, the case study advances a nuanced understanding of welfare state dependency and identifies three driving forces of the experience: (1) the concern about intergenerational transmission of dependency that spurs a shared sense of hopelessness among Anna and her significant others; (2) the recurrent changes of diagnoses that adds to the feeling of dependency by repeatedly generating waiting time, e.g. for new psychiatric assessments; (3) the system's requirement to produce numerous but sketchy future plans that lack real-world plausibility. The case study clarifies the importance that respectable exits out of welfare state dependency are not only imaginable but also believable." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Carstensen, Jeanette, Oskar Jost & Holger Seibert (2020): Arbeitsmarktsituation der Jüngeren in Berlin. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Berlin-Brandenburg 02/2020), Nürnberg, 37 S.

Abstract

"Die Arbeitsmarktsituation junger Menschen erfordert ein besonderes Augenmerk, da hier entscheidende Weichen für die spätere Erwerbsbiografie gestellt werden. Berlin verzeichnete lange Zeit im Bundesländervergleich besonders hohe Jugendarbeitslosenquoten, die insbesondere aus einer unzureichenden Lehrstellenversorgung resultierten. Sowohl im Zuge des Nachwendegeburtenknicks als auch aufgrund eines zunehmenden und selbsttragenden Aufschwungs in den letzten zehn Jahren besserte sich die Situation sukzessive. Es konnten mehr junge Menschen in Berlin in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung finden, sodass die Jugendarbeitslosenquote deutlich abgebaut wurde. Gleichwohl offenbaren die Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Berichts anhaltende Defizite und Potenziale, die es auszubauen gilt. So fällt die Jugendarbeitslosenquote junger Ausländer in Berlin nach wie vor deutlich höher aus als diejenige der deutschen Jugendlichen, was auf strukturelle Unterschiede und Probleme hindeutet. Darüber hinaus weisen junge Ausländer aus den Asylherkunftsländern momentan noch besonders hohe Arbeitslosenquoten auf, die weitere Anstrengungen erfordern, um eine Verfestigung in Arbeitslosigkeit zu verhindern und bestehende Unterschiede zu reduzieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Dohmen, Dieter, Zein Karsin & Galiya Yelubayeva (2020): Youth unemployment in times of crises in the EU 27. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 72), Berlin, 37 S.

Abstract

"Die neue Studie „Youth Unemployment in Times of Crises in the EU 27“ des FiBS Forschungsinstituts für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie untersucht die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der EU in der Folge der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise 2008/09 und verknüpft diese mit einer ersten Schätzung, wie die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit nach der Corona-Krise zunehmen könnte. Demnach könnte die Arbeitslosigkeit von Geringqualifizierten sogar die 40-Prozent-Marge überschreiten, allerdings erst Mitte der 2020er Jahre. Weiterhin wird die Arbeitslosigkeit von Männern möglicherweise höher sein als die von Frauen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Dohmen, Dieter, Galiya Yelubayeva, Charlotte Firzlaff & Michael Cordes (2020): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in Krisenzeiten. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 75), Berlin, 61 S.

Abstract

"Nachdem die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in den vergangenen fünfzehn Jahren deutlich gesunken ist, könnte sie jetzt um bis zu 40 Prozent ansteigen. Zwar sind davon, relativ gesehen, Hochschulabsolventen und beruflich Qualifizierte stärker betroffen, allerdings sind die Zukunftsaussichten für geringqualifizierte junge Menschen besonders ungünstig. Männer sind dabei durchgängig stärker betroffen als Frauen. Die Analysen zeigen zudem, wie sehr die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit durch wenig wirksame Bildungsangebote kaschiert wird.Dies sind die Kernergebnisse einer aktuellen Analyse des FiBS zur Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in Krisenzeiten. Die Studie zeigt einerseits, dass die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit über alle Qualifikationsniveaus hinweg bei jungen Männern wie Frauen deutlich rückläufig ist. Andererseits wird deutlich, dass in Krisenzeiten fast ausschließlich die Arbeitslosigkeit junger Männer ansteigt, während die der jungen Frauen zum Teil sogar weiter sinkt. Dies gilt über alle Qualifikationsgruppen hinweg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Jianu, Ionuț (2020): The Effect of Young People Not In Employment, Education or Training, On Poverty Rate in European Union. (arXiv papers), 14 S.

Abstract

"This paper aims to estimate the effect of young people who are not in employment, education or training (neets rate) on the people at risk of poverty rate in the European Union. Statistical data covering the 2010-2016 period for all EU-28 Member States have been used. Regarding the methodology, the study was performed by using Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares method, weighted by Period SUR option. The effect of neets rate on poverty rate proved to be positive and statistically significant in European Union, since this indicator includes two main areas which are extremely relevant for poverty dimension. Firstly, young unemployment rate was one of the main channels through which the financial crisis has affected the population income. Secondly, it accounts for the educational system coverage and its skills deficiencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Roberts, Ken (2020): Regime Change: Education to Work Transitions in England, 1980s-2020s. In: Journal of applied youth studies, Jg. 3, H. 1, S. 23-42. DOI:10.1007/s43151-020-00004-6

Abstract

"This paper argues the case for viewing a country’s transition regime as a totality in which different career steps and routes assign significance and value to one another. Following the destruction of major sections of Britain’s transition regime in the 1970s and 1980s, the paper explains how the regime has subsequently been reconstructed following the 1988 Education Reform Act, replacing the vocational education and training schemes of the 1980s with government-supported apprenticeships, almost uninterrupted employment growth since 1992, and the financialization of the corporate economy alongside uncapped expansion of higher education. England’s current transition regime keeps rates of youth unemployment and NEET below the European Union averages and delivers the fastest transitions in Europe. However, the reconstructed regime also locks-in features that may well become long-term problems, namely an expensive higher education system which leaves graduates with debts that many do not expect to repay in full, and substantial low wage, low skill, low productivity sectors in the economy and workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean & Yi Yang (2020): Labor Market Uncertainties for Youth and Young Adults. An International Perspective. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 688, H. 1, S. 7-19. DOI:10.1177/0002716220913487

Abstract

"A crisis for youth labor market conditions has been building globally for more than two decades, reflected in the persistently high rates of youth unemployment around the world, which is about three times as high as that for adults. About one in five young people are not in education, employment, or training, and a large share of young adults are working in the informal economy or in precarious conditions. This volume includes a collection of thirteen articles that examine the causes, patterns, and consequences of labor market uncertainties for youth and young adults in Europe, Latin/South America, the United States, and Asia, as well as a concluding article. They reveal vast inequalities among young people, with those having the least education and lowest skills, females, those with low family socioeconomic status (SES), ethnic minorities, and migrants being the most vulnerable. In this introduction, we describe the global trends and regional variation in labor market conditions for young people, explicate the importance of integrating young people into labor markets, and summarize the findings and policy implications of these articles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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International Labour Office (2020): Global employment trends for youth 2020. Technology and the future of jobs. (Global employment trends for youth ...), Genf, 184 S.

Abstract

"Incorporating the most recent labour market information available, Global Employment Trends for Youth sets out the youth labour market situation around the world. It shows where progress has or has not been made, updates world and regional youth labour market indicators, and gives detailed analyses of medium-term trends in youth population, labour force, employment and unemployment. The 2020 edition discusses the implications of technological change for the nature of jobs available to young people. It focuses on shifts in job characteristics, sectors and skills, as well as examining the impact of technological change on inequalities in youth labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2020): Entwicklungen in der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der FDP (Drucksache 19/22719). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/23099 (06.10.2020)), 21 S.

Abstract

Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der Abgeordneten Matthias Seestern-Pauly, Katja Suding, Grigorios Aggelidis, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion der FDP zu Entwicklungen in der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit u.a. mit Statistiken zur Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosenquote, zu Zu- und Abgängen aus Jugendgarantie und zu Nichterwerbstätigen Jugendlichen, die weder an Bildung noch an Weiterbildung teilnehmen. (IAB-Doku)

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Ayllón, Sara & Xavier Ramos (2019): Youth earnings and labour market volatility in Europe. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 158, H. 1, S. 83-113. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12069

Abstract

"We provide new evidence on earnings volatility and labour market volatility, which also includes flows into and out of employment, of young workers across Europe during the Great Recession, and examine the institutional factors that may shape these flows. Using EU-SILC data, we document large disparities in volatility levels and trends across European countries. As expected, the Great Recession increased volatility among Europe's youth, offsetting the falling trend observed over the last years of economic prosperity. Larger unemployment benefits and more stringent employment protection legislation are related to lower earnings and labour market volatility." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Binelli, Chiara (2019): Employment and earnings expectations of jobless young skilled. Evidence from Italy. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 145, H. 1, S. 201-231. DOI:10.1007/s11205-019-02106-y

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Bolíbar, Mireia, Joan Miquel Verd & Oriol Barranco (2019): The downward spiral of youth unemployment. An approach considering social networks and family background. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 401-421. DOI:10.1177/0950017018822918

Abstract

"Taking as a starting point the relationship between unemployment and the loss of social support put forward by social exclusion theory, this article aims to analyse how long-term unemployment affects young people's support networks for job seeking. To do so, it uses the framework of social network analysis. Based on data produced by a personal network survey of 250 young individuals in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, the results highlight the particularly harmful effect of long-term unemployment on the support network of young individuals with a low family socioeconomic status background. Unemployment reduces the presence of resourceful contacts among these young workers, which is not the case for young people with a higher family socioeconomic status. Moreover, gender and educational level intervene in the relationship between unemployment and loss of social support. These findings refine the social exclusion theory shedding light on how social inequalities crosscut labour market trajectories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Contini, Dalit, Marianna Filandri & Lia Pacelli (2019): Persistency in the NEET state: a longitudinal analysis. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 22, H. 7, S. 959-980. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2018.1562161

Abstract

"This article addresses the NEET phenomenon in a longitudinal perspective, by examining the case of Italy, a country experiencing one of the highest and increasing NEET shares in the EU. We exploit the longitudinal sample of the 2008-2011 EU-SILC data, providing self-declared information on individuals' educational and occupational status on a monthly basis for 4 years. Firstly, we propose a classification of individual histories in education, employment and the NEET states. According to our estimates, more than 40% of the Italian young people report being NEET for at least 13 months out of 48, and more than 10% for (almost) the entire period. Secondly, we examine the composition of the NEET groups and draw a long-term NEET risk profile for individuals from different sociodemographic groups. Thirdly, we examine the longitudinal histories by distinguishing between unemployment and inactivity spells. Our findings show that the NEET phenomenon among Italian young adults is largely an issue of unemployment. The only exception is represented by Italian older females with children, the majority of which portrays themselves as inactive. Still, a sizable portion of these women define themselves as being mainly 'unemployed' instead of 'performing domestic tasks', indicating an unsatisfied wish or need to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gille, Christoph (2019): Junge Erwerbslose in Spanien und Deutschland. Alltag und Handlungsfähigkeit in wohlfahrtskapitalistischen Regimen. (Transformation des Sozialen - Transformation Sozialer Arbeit 07), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 490 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-24462-0

Abstract

"Die grundlegenden Veränderungen von Wohlfahrtsstaat und Kapitalismus schlagen sich in der EU insbesondere im Alltag junger Erwerbsloser nieder. Christoph Gille untersucht, wie junge Menschen in Spanien und Deutschland trotz der Restriktionen, die damit verbunden sind, Handlungsfähigkeit in ihrem Alltag herstellen. Dazu entwickelt er in der Tradition der Wohlfahrtsstaatenforschung "von unten" ein akteursbezogenes Verständnis des jeweiligen nationalen Kontextes. Deutlich werden so die Effekte der unterschiedlichen Sozialstaaten, aber auch die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den beiden Ländern, und damit der transnationale Charakter der andauernden wohlfahrtskapitalistischen Transformation." (Verlagsangaben, © Springer)

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Hvinden, Bjørn, Jacqueline O'Reilly & Christer Hyggen (Hrsg.) (2019): Negotiating early job insecurity well-being, scarring and resilience of European youth. Cheltenham: Elgar, 264 S. DOI:10.4337/9781788118798

Abstract

"Offering new knowledge and insights into European job markets, this book explores how young men and women experience job insecurity. By combining analysis of original data collected through a variety of innovative methods, it compares the trajectories of early job insecurity in nine European countries. Focusing on the ways in which young adults deal with this by actively increasing their chances of getting a job through a variety of methods, as the book shows how governmental policies can be altered to reduce early job insecurity." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hvinden, Bjørn, Christer Hyggen, Mi A. Schoyen & Tomá¿ Sirovátka (Hrsg.) (2019): Youth unemployment and job insecurity in Europe. Problems, risk factors and policies. Cheltenham: Elgar, 272 S. DOI:10.4337/9781788118897

Abstract

"Providing original insights into the factors causing early job insecurity in European countries, this book examines its short- and long-term consequences. It assesses public policies seeking to diminish the risks to young people facing prolonged job insecurity and reduce the severity of these impacts. Based on the findings of a major study across nine European countries, this book examines the diverse strategies that countries across the continent use to help young people overcome employment barriers." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Umkehrer, Matthias (2019): The impact of declining youth employment stability on future wages. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 619-650., 2017-11-08. DOI:10.1007/s00181-018-1444-5

Abstract

"Has the early career become less stable during the 1980s and 1990s? And does a lack of early-career employment stability inhibit wage growth? I analyze exceptionally rich administrative data on male graduates from Germany's dual education system to shed more light on these important questions. The data indicate a decline in youth employment durations since the late 1970s, limited to already relatively short durations. Controlling for endogeneity of employment in youth with training firm fixed effects and by exploiting institutional variation in the timing of nationwide macroeconomic shocks, I find significant returns to early-career employment stability in terms of higher wages in adulthood. These returns decline not only across the wage distribution, but also with cohort age. The findings suggest less stable employment in the early years of a career to have become increasingly costly during the 1990s for the least advantaged workers." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Verd, Joan Miquel, Oriol Barranco & Mireia Bolíbar (2019): Youth unemployment and employment trajectories in Spain during the Great Recession. What are the determinants? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-019-0254-3

Abstract

"Since the beginning of the recession period in Europe, unemployment has greatly affected the young adult population. In this context, Spain is regarded as an extreme case, due to its exceptionally high youth unemployment rates. This article seeks to identify the determinants that have led certain groups of Spanish young people to suffer labour market trajectories with higher levels of unemployment and instability during the Great Recession than others. To do this, retrospective data from the 2012 Catalan Youth Survey are used. With these data and using cluster analysis, a typology of labour market trajectories is constructed. Next, multinomial logistic regressions are used to identify what individual socio-demographic characteristics and pre-crisis employment experiences are connected to these different typological career paths. Results show that the highly differentiated career paths are associated with different social profiles and differences in the presence of unemployment. Moreover, interesting differences among the most unstable career paths appear. For the most vulnerable social profiles the employment trajectory prior to the crisis seems to point towards the existence of an entrapment in low-skilled jobs that alternate with situations of unemployment. For those with a slightly better position their employment situation after the initiation of the crisis seems to have been impacted by their brief labour market trajectory before the crisis and their resulting work experience gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Axelrad, Hila, Miki Malul & Israel Luski (2018): Unemployment among younger and older individuals. Does conventional data about unemployment tell us the whole story? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0237-9

Abstract

"In this research we show that workers aged 30 - 44 were significantly more likely than those aged 45 - 59 to find a job a year after being unemployed. The main contribution is demonstrating empirically that since older workers' difficulties are related to their age, while for younger individuals the difficulties are more related to the business cycle, policy makers must devise different programs to address unemployment among young and older individuals. The solution to youth unemployment is the creation of more jobs, and combining differential minimum wage levels and earned income tax credits might improve the rate of employment for older individuals." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Caroleo, Floro Ernesto, Olga Demidova, Enrico Marelli & Marcello Signorelli (Hrsg.) (2018): Young people and the labour market. A comparative perspective. (Routledge Studies in labour economics), Abingdon: Routledge, 266 S.

Abstract

"Young people are a vulnerable category of workers, finding themselves in a delicate phase of their working life: their first entry into the labour market. In many European countries, youngsters are unemployed or have difficulty finding and obtaining jobs. This situation has deteriorated particularly after the crises, recessions and stagnation that has impacted European economies in recent years. In addition to the cyclical or crisis impact, structural factors are also very important. Additionally, prolonged crises, as in some Eurozone countries, have transformed a significant part of cyclical unemployment in structural (long term) unemployment.
Young People and the Labour Market: A Comparative Perspective explores the condition of young people in the labour market. The authors present new evidence from several countries, with a special focus on Europe, and offer a comparative perspective. They investigate questions such as which structural conditions and labour market institutions guarantee better youth performance, which education systems and school-to-work processes are more effective and in which countries is gender differentiation less of an issue. All of the aforementioned, as well as many other comparisons which the authors make, are significant in helping to facilitate the successful design of labour and education policies." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dvouletý, Ondrej, Monika Mühlböck, Julia Warmuth & Bernhard Kittel (2018): 'Scarred' young entrepreneurs. Exploring young adults' transition from former unemployment to self-employment. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 21, H. 9, S. 1159-1181. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2018.1450971

Abstract

"The recent increase in youth unemployment has major implications for the current and future development of European labour markets. Previous studies reveal the long lasting 'scarring effects' of early unemployment experience on later career prospects, including a higher probability of future unemployment or social exclusion. Self-employment is often advocated as a potential remedy for unemployment in general and youth unemployment in particular. In this study, we investigate the individual-level factors that lead young people with the 'scar' of previous unemployment to engage in self-employment. Based on a recent survey among young adults in eleven European countries, we show that previous unemployment has a significant moderating effect on other individual-level characteristics usually associated with a higher likelihood of being self-employed. While the overall propensity of self-employment is not affected by unemployment experience, the reasons for becoming one's own boss differ considerably between those young adults who have and those who have not experienced unemployment in the past." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Goglio, Valentina & Roberto Rizza (2018): Young adult occupational transition regimes in Europe. Does gender matter? In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 38, H. 1/2, S. 130-149. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-04-2017-0052

Abstract

"Purpose
The objective of this paper is to achieve a greater understanding of the transitions young adults experience into and out of the labor market and the influence that gender and married/cohabiting status have on employment careers.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper focuses on young adults (25-34 years old) in four European countries - Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Norway - that are representative of different youth transition regimes. Using longitudinal data from EU-SILC survey (for the years 2006-2012) and event history analysis we investigate: the effect of the particular set of institutional features of each country, the effect of the cohort of entry and of gender differences in determining transitions across labour market status.
Findings
Findings show that the filter exercised by the national institutions has a selective impact on the careers of young adults, with some institutional contexts more protective than others. In this respect, the condition of inactivity emerges as an interesting finding: on one side, it mainly involves women in a partnership, on the other side it is more common in protective youth regimes, suggesting that it may be a chosen rather than suffered condition.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to existing literature by: i) focusing on a specific category, young adults from 25 to 34 years old, which is increasingly recognized as a critical stage in the life course though it receives less attention than its younger counterpart (15-24); ii) integrating the importance of family dynamics on work careers by analysing the different effects played by married/cohabiting status for men and women." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Schmillen, Achim & Matthias Umkehrer (2018): The scars of youth. Effects of early-career unemployment on future unemployment experience. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 156, H. 3/4, S. 465-494., 2016-12-01. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12079

Abstract

"Does early-career unemployment cause future unemployment? The authors approach this question using German administrative matched employer - employee data that track almost 700,000 individuals over 24 years. Instrumenting early-career unemployment with firm-specific labour demand shocks, they find significant and long-lasting 'scarring effects'. In the mean, each additional day of unemployment during the first eight years on the labour market increases unemployment in the following 16 years by half a day. However, quantile regressions show that the scarring effects are much stronger for individuals who already suffer from lengthy and repeated spells of unemployment." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf, Robin Samuel & Stefan Sacchi (2018): How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers. Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0239-7

Abstract

"We ask how employers contribute to unemployment scarring in the recruitment process in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. By drawing on recruitment theories, we aim to better understand how recruiters assess different patterns of unemployment in a job candidate's CV and how this affects the chances of young applicants being considered for a vacancy. We argue that in contexts with tight school-work linkage and highly standardised Vocational Education and Training systems, the detrimental effect of early unemployment depends on how well the applicant's profile matches the requirements of the advertised position. To test this assumption, we surveyed Swiss recruiters who were seeking to fill positions during the time of data collection. We employed a factorial survey experiment that tested how the (un)employment trajectories in hypothetical young job applicants' CV affected their chances of being considered for a real vacancy. Our results show that unemployment decreases the perceived suitability of an applicant for a specific job, which implies there is a scarring effect of unemployment that increases with the duration of being unemployed. But we also found that these effects are moderated by how well the applicant's profile matches the job's requirements. Overall, the worse the match between applicant's profile and the job profile, the smaller are the scarring effects of unemployment. In sum, our findings contribute to the literature by revealing considerable heterogeneity in the scarring effects of unemployment. Our findings further suggest that the scarring effects of unemployment need to be studied with regard to country-specific institutional settings, the applicants' previous education and employment experiences, and the job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Singh, Ajit, Florian Engel & Simone Kreher (2018): Heranwachsende im Dreieck des SGB-II-Leistungsbezugs. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Triangulation von Daten, Methoden und Perspektiven für die Rekonstruktion kindlicher Lebenswelten. In: Sozialer Sinn, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 11-43. DOI:10.1515/sosi-2018-0002

Abstract

"Als Beitrag zu einer interpretativen Ungleichheits- und Armutsforschung thematisiert dieser Aufsatz methodologische und methodische Probleme, die bei der Rekonstruktion von Lebenswelten von Kindern, die von außen betrachtet in ,prekären Verhältnissen' des SGB-II-Bezugs aufwachsen, zu lösen sind. Dabei schlagen wir vor, eine Brücke zwischen Armutsforschung und den New Childhood Studies zu schlagen, um die Agency von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Hinblick auf ihre subjektiven Sicht- und Erlebensweisen deutlicher hervortreten zu lassen. Zudem wird reflektiert, wie spezifische Vorstellungen und Wissensbestände über 'Normalität' in der Erhebungssituation virulent werden, die auch bis in die hermeneutische Auswertung fortwirken können. Die Triangulation verschiedener Datensorten, Verfahren und Perspektiven ermöglichte uns einen reflexiven Umgang mit den jeweiligen Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen, die auch mit Blick auf die Positionalität der Forscherinnen zum Gegenstand gemacht werden." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)

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Templin, Ute (2018): Jugendliche in prekären Lebenslagen im Übergang zum Beruf. Biographische Zugänge zu Lebenswelten und Bildungsprozessen. Berlin: Logos, 328 S.

Abstract

"Mit welchen Schwierigkeiten Jugendliche aus prekären Lebenslagen auf ihrem Weg von der Arbeitslosigkeit in eine Ausbildung bzw. in einen Beruf zu kämpfen haben, dieser Frage geht Ute Templin auf der Basis von Lebensgeschichten von jungen Menschen nach, die 2002 im Alter von 15 bis 18 Jahren an einer betrieblichen Grundausbildungsmaßnahme teilgenommen haben.
Ute Templin, die die halbjährige Maßnahme mit ursprünglich 17 TeilnehmerInnen geleitet hat, befragte sieben von ihnen acht Jahre später im Rahmen eines Ehemaligentreffens. Die theoretischen Perspektiven Pierre Bourdieus auf soziale Ungleichheiten und ihre Reproduktion mittels des Habitus werden hierbei genutzt, um die Auswirkungen prekärer Lebenslagen der untersuchten Jugendlichen auf ihren weiteren Bildungs- und Lebensweg zu analysieren. Hermeneutische Zugänge und reflexive Analysen ermöglichen Einblicke in jugendliche Lebenswelten und individuelle Problemlagen. Die Statuspassagen-Theorie und Konzepte der Übergangsforschung dienen dazu, den Übergang vom schulischen in das berufliche Feld auch als Transitionsprozess zu fassen. Die empirische Studie von Ute Templin lässt sich im Feld der Übergangsforschung, der Forschungen zur Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit sowie Biographie- und Lebensweltforschung in der Erziehungswissenschaft verorten." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Zick, Sebastian (2018): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa. Von der Identifikation der Krise zur Etablierung eines Politikfeldes. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 066), Düsseldorf, 62 S.

Abstract

"Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ist in aller europäischer Munde. Seit Anbeginn der Finanzkrise im Jahr 2008 erscheint das Problem der Nichtbeschäftigung von Jugendlichen allgegenwärtig. Dabei täuscht diese vermeintliche Erfindung des Diskurses um Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa über den Befund hinweg, dass dieses Thema in je unterschiedlichen Varianten zumindest seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre eine Konstante der Bemühungen um europäische Integration ist. Was unter Jugendarbeitslosigkeit zu verstehen ist, welche Ursachen, Auswege, Chancen und Risiken mit ihr beschrieben werden, ist jedoch keineswegs selbstverständlich und selbst stets Gegenstand von politischen Aushandlungsprozessen. Innerhalb dieser Prozesse stellt die Europäische Union (EU) einen besonders gewichtigen Akteur dar. Hier setzt das vorliegende Working Paper an: Es versucht mit einer Analyse zentraler Strategiepapiere der EU von 1993-2013 einerseits die Mechanismen, Strategien sowie rhetorischen und argumentativen Schritte in der Etablierung eines diskursiven und neuen politischen Feldes 'Jugendarbeitslosigkeit' nachzuvollziehen. Andererseits untersucht das Paper auch die differenten Logiken, Programmatiken und normativen Orientierungen, mit welchen das Problem 'Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa' beschrieben und bearbeitet wird. Dabei wird der Konstruktion und Identifikation des Krisenhaften eine besondere Bedeutung zuteil. Durch die rhetorische Produktion und inhaltliche Ausgestaltung von Krise schaffen die Dokumente Räume der gemeinsamen Verantwortung und legitimieren politisches Intervenieren. Jugendarbeitslosigkeit wird so sukzessive als eigenständiges Politikfeld etabliert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

OECD (2018): Investing in youth: Norway. (Investing in youth), Paris, 149 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264283671-en

Abstract

"The present report on Norway is part of the series on 'Investing in Youth' which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the 'NEETs'). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ayllón, Sara & Javier Valbuena (2017): Youth unemployment and stigmatization across Europe. A comparative analysis. (NEGOTIATE working paper 6.4), Oslo, 24 S.

Abstract

"This paper studies the dynamics of the scarring effect of youth unemployment along the business cycle in 12 European countries. On the one hand, we analyse differences associated to the negative effect of past unemployment experiences in future labour market status. And, on the other hand, we consider potential stigmatization against prospect young workers, that is, the extent to which employers are more reluctant to hire individuals with a history of unemployment. Our results are based on data from the EU-SILC for the period 2004 to 2015 and provide support in favour of a significant scarring effect of unemployment among youths that is highly heterogeneous across the countries under analysis and that increased substantially during the Great Recession. On the contrary, evidence on stigma effects was found to be rather weak." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bacher, Johann, Christina Koblbauer, Heinz Leitgöb & Dennis Tamesberger (2017): Small differences matter: How regional distinctions in educational and labour market policy account for heterogeneity in NEET rates. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-017-0232-6

Abstract

"Labour market and education policy makers and researchers are increasingly focusing on the NEET indicator as a supplement to the youth unemployment rate. Analyses of factors influencing NEET have concentrated primarily on individual characteristics such as gender and migration background on one hand, and on macro-level factors of nations such as economic growth and minimum wage regulations on the other. However, nations are not homogenous, especially when a country is divided into several federal states, as is the case with Austria. This article aims to analyse regional differences within Austria. In order to explain the differences, we define a multilevel model that contains four contextual factors: the importance of upper secondary education; the importance of dual education; vacant jobs; and expenditures for active labour market policy. Because the institutional level addresses different age groups, the analysis was split into two age groups: 15 - 19 and 20 - 24 years. The results have shown that, besides the social structure of the population, contextual factors like the upper secondary education, the dual education, vacant jobs, and expenditures for active labour market policy are also relevant for explaining regional differences in the NEET rates. But one main insight was that the impact of the contextual factors varies between different social groups." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Buttler, Dominik & Piotr Michon (2017): Consequences of early job insecurity and the role of the welfare state. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.5), Oslo, 34 S.

Abstract

"The detrimental effect of joblessness on individual wellbeing is relatively well recognized (usually in the context of Western economies) as an additional, non-pecuniary cost of unemployment. However, the strength of the relationship between the employment status and life satisfaction varies considerably among countries. Relatively little is known about what forces drive these discrepancies, especially in the group of young people. The aim of the proposed paper is to identify the contextual factors influencing the strength of the relationship between the employment status and the level of individual wellbeing. In particular we are interested in the role of four policy fields: education policy, employment protection, passive and active labour market policy. In the empirical part of the paper we use data from two waves of the European Social Survey and apply the random intercept model. We find that vocationally oriented and tracked education systems as well as generous active and passive labour market policies strengthen the employment-wellbeing relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gille, Christoph & Ute Klammer (2017): Wohlfahrtskapitalistische Regime und Handlungsfähigkeit erwerbsloser junger Menschen in Spanien und Deutschland. In: Soziale Passagen, Jg. 9, H. 1, S. 43-63. DOI:10.1007/s12592-017-0262-5

Abstract

"Anhand der Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung von Handlungsfähigkeit junger Erwerbsloser in den wohlfahrtskapitalistischen Regimen von Deutschland und Spanien geht der Artikel der Frage nach, wie und mit welchen Ergebnissen sozialpolitische Regimeforschung und akteur*innenbasierte Forschungsansätze kombiniert werden können. Dabei werden zunächst zentrale Aspekte der Arbeitsmarktentwicklung und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen beider Regime verglichen. Anschließend werden Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Untersuchung junger Erwerbsloser in beiden Ländern anhand von ausgewählten Bewältigungsweisen vorgestellt, bevor Charakteristika der Regime aus akteur*innenbasierter Perspektive erörtert und Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)

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Mascherini, Massimiliano, Stefanie Ledermaier, Carlos Vacas-Soriano & Lena Jacobs (2017): Long-term unemployed youth. Characteristics and policy responses. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 85 S. DOI:10.2806/940447

Abstract

"While the youth labour market has improved considerably since 2014, one legacy of the recent economic crisis is the large cohort of long-term unemployed young people, which represents nearly one-third of jobless young people. This report provides an updated profile of the youth labour market in 2016 and describes trends over the past decade. It explores the determinants of long-term unemployment, at both sociodemographic and macroeconomic levels. It also provides evidence on the serious consequences for young people of spending a protracted time in unemployment, such as scarring effects on income and occupation and on several dimensions of young people's well-being. The report concludes with a discussion of selected policy measures recently implemented by 10 Member States in order to prevent young people from becoming long-term unemployed or, if they are in such circumstances, to integrate them into the labour market or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Meierkord, Anja, Alexa Meyer-Hamme & Lars Thies (2017): An incomplete recovery. Youth unemployment in Europe 2008-2016. Gütersloh, 19 S.

Abstract

"Fast zehn Jahre nach Beginn der europaweiten Finanzkrise ist auch die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa im Zuge der Erholung der Arbeitsmärkte weiter zurückgegangen. Bei genauer Betrachtung der Entwicklung zwischen 2008 und 2016 zeigen sich jedoch große Unterschiede: Vor allem einige süd- und osteuropäische Länder haben das Vorkrisen-Niveau ihrer Jugendbeschäftigungsquote noch nicht wieder erreicht. Ebenso bleibt die Integration bestimmter Gruppen junger Menschen in Bildung oder Arbeit eine große Herausforderung. Weitere Maßnahmen sind auf Ebene der EU und in Mitgliedsstaaten erforderlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schoon, Ingrid & John Bynner (Hrsg.) (2017): Young people's development and the great recession. Uncertain transitions and precarious futures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 487 S. DOI:10.1017/9781316779507

Abstract

"The 2007 - 8 financial crisis and subsequent 'Great Recession' particularly affected young people trying to make their way from education into the labour market at a time of economic uncertainty and upheaval. This is the first volume to examine the impact of the Great Recession on the developmental stage of young adulthood, a critical phase of the life course that has great significance in the foundations of adult identity. Using evidence from longitudinal data sets spanning three major OECD countries, these essays examine the recession's effects on education and employment outcomes and consider the wider psycho-social consequences, including living arrangements, family relations, political engagement, and health and well-being. While the recession intensified the impact of pre-existing trends towards a prolonged dependence on parents and, for many, the precaritisation of life chances, the findings also point to manifestations of resilience, where young people countered adversity by forging positive expectations of the future." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tolgensbakk, Ida, Janikke Solstad Vedeler & Bjørn Hvinden (2017): Youth unemployment and the consequences for life satisfaction and social trust in seven European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.4), Oslo, 58 S.

Abstract

"The 2007-2008 global financial crisis led to the 'Great Recession', making a multi-year debt crisis a reality for several Eurozone countries. These developments had large and persistent effects on European youth labour markets, causing high unemployment rates among the youth in many countries. In an effort to understand the subjective effects of youth unemployment in Europe, the NEGOTIATE project conducted life story interviews with 211 individuals from seven countries and three cohorts (1950 - 1955, 1970 - 1975 and 1990 - 1995). The participating countries were Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Norway, Poland and the UK. The Norwegian team has written the present report, with important inputs from all the participating national teams." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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International Labour Office (2017): Global employment trends for youth 2017. Paths to a better working future. (Global employment trends for youth ...), Genf, XI, 115 S.

Abstract

"Incorporating the most recent employment trends for young women and men, Global Employment Trends for Youth sets out the youth labour market situation around the world. It shows where progress has or has not been made, updates world and regional youth labour market indicators, and gives detailed analyses of medium-term trends in youth population, labour force, employment, unemployment, working poverty and informality.
The 2017 edition discusses the implications of technological change for youth labour market prospects, focusing on trends in sectoral employment and on the forms of work available to young people.
The report draws on the extensive range of analyses undertaken by the ILO and others in recent years so as to outline innovative and effective policy responses to the challenges facing young women and men entering the world of work today. It also offers insights into the directions needed for national policies and programmes to meet the challenges the youth of tomorrow will encounter in their search for entry points into decent work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ayllón, Sara & Natalia N. Ferreira-Batista (2016): The effects of the economic crisis on drug consumption of young individuals in Europe. Unemployment, drugs and attitudes among European youth. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.2), Oslo, 32 S.

Abstract

"This paper studies changes in patterns of drugs consumption and attitudes to- wards drugs in relation to sky-high (youth) unemployment rates in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Our analysis is based on data for 28 European countries referred to young people between the ages of 15 and 24. We find that consumption of cannabis and of 'new substances' is positively related with increasing unemployment rates. For example, an increase of 1% in the regional unemployment rate is associated with an increase of nearly 0.7% of young people declaring to have consumed cannabis at any point in time. Our findings also indicate that higher unemployment rates can be associated with more young people perceiving that access to drugs became more difficult, particularly for ecstasy, cocaine and heroin. On the opposite, we do not find any link between changes in the unemployment rate and changes in perceived risk of drugs use. Finally, according to young Europeans, when the economy worsens, anti-drug policies should focus on the reduction of poverty and unemployment, and not on implementing tougher measures against users." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ayllón, Sara & Natalia Nollenberger (2016): Are recessions good for human capital accumulation? (NEGOTIATE working paper 5.1), Oslo, 32 S.

Abstract

"This paper is the first to investigate to what extent the high levels of joblessness brought by the Great Recession across Europe have translated into higher school attendance among youth. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the EU- SILC on 28 countries, we establish a robust counter-cyclical relationship between rising unemployment rates and school enrollment. The same is true for transitions back to education. However, our analysis by subgroups reveals a worrisome trend by which youths belonging to most disadvantaged backgrounds (measured by low household income) became less likely to enroll in University studies. The austerity measures and educational cutbacks imposed during the recession, not only changed the pattern of educational decisions among you" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dietrich, Hans & Joachim Möller (2016): Youth unemployment in Europe - business cycle and institutional effects. In: International economics and economic policy, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 5-25., 2015-11-04. DOI:10.1007/s10368-015-0331-1

Abstract

"In the aftermath of the Great Recession 2008/2009 European youth unemployment rose sharply from below 4.2 m in 2007 to more than 5.6 m young people under 25 unemployed in the EU28 countries in 2013. The youth unemployment rate expanded from 15.5 in 2007 to 25.5 in 2013. Beyond the consequences for individuals youth unemployment as a mass phenomenon is potentially menacing the stability of democratic societies. Hence there are good reasons to fight youth unemployment by any means. The paper analyses the specific structure and causes of youth unemployment. Although youth unemployment is also influenced by individual factors like insufficient qualification, we show that country-specific factors - institutions, traditions and characteristic structures - are of high importance in explaining the huge disparities between European countries. Using panel data estimates with specific country and time fixed effects we show that especially the Mediterranean countries responded to the economic downturn in a specific way. However, the high correlation of changes in the youth and adult unemployment rates across countries points to the fact that not only structural factors but also business cycle effects are important for explaining the sharp increase in the youth unemployment rate in Europe. The rise in joblessness is in fact closely related to macroeconomic slackness. Therefore, we argue that a two-handed approach combining institutional improvements with growth stimulating measures is needed to overcome the problem." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dietrich, Hans (2016): Erwerbslosigkeit Jugendlicher in Europa im Jahr 2014. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Berichte 04/2016), Nürnberg, 6 S.

Abstract

"In dem Aktuellen Bericht werden die Entwicklung der Jugenderwerbslosigkeit in Europa sowie der altersspezifischen Unterschiede im Erwerbslosigkeitsrisiko und der Dauern der Erwerbslosigkeit dargestellt. Zudem wird das Risiko, erwerbslos zu werden und erwerbslos zu bleiben, betrachtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)