Zitatform

Barslund, Mikkel, Matthias Busse, Karolien Lenaerts, Lars Ludolph & Vilde Renman (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. A comparative survey of Bosnians in five EU countries. (CEPS special report 155), Brüssel, 27 S.

Abstract

"This study traces the integration experience of Bosnian refugees from the Balkan wars with the aim of drawing lessons for the current wave of refugees entering Europe. Integration is a slow-moving process. Looking closely at Bosnian refugees enables us to see past immediate integration outcomes and take a longer-term view. Another consideration in the design of this study is that there is significant overlap among the countries affected by the two refugee crises. Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden all saw a large absolute and relative influx of refugees in both 2015 and in the years between 1992 and 1995, when the largest share of Bosnians arrived in Western Europe. The study carries out an in-depth examination of their labour market integration in those five countries.
This research was funded by the Mercator Foundation in the context of the MEDAM Project (Mercator Dialogue on Asylum and Migration)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Biffl, Gudrun (2016): Chancen und Risiken der Flüchtlingszuwanderung für die Wirtschaft. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 107-122.

Abstract

"Den jüngsten Meinungsumfragen zufolge birgt die jüngste Flüchtlingszuwanderung die Gefahr einer Spaltung der Bevölkerung, wenn es nicht gelingen sollte, die Flüchtlinge so rasch wie möglich ins Erwerbsleben zu integrieren. Um dies zu bewerkstelligen, braucht es nicht nur Aus- und Weiterbildung für Flüchtlinge, sondern auch Infrastrukturmaßnahmen und ein gezieltes Schnittstellenmanagement, das Flüchtlinge und offene Stellen zusammenführt. Die damit verbundenen Ausgaben sind einer Investition gleichzusetzen, die langfristig Erträge in der Form von Steigerungen des Wirtschaftswachstums und der Wohlfahrt abwerfen können." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

Zitatform

Buber-Ennser, Isabella, Judith Kohlenberger, Bernhard Rengs, Zakarya Al Zalak, Anne Goujon, Erich Striessnig, Michaela Potancoková, Richard Gisser, Maria Rita Testa & Wolfgang Lutz (2016): Human capital, values, and attitudes of persons seeking refuge in Austria in 2015. In: PLoS one, Jg. 11, H. 9, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0163481

Abstract

"Since its inception in 2010, the Arab Spring has evolved into a situation of violent conflict in many countries, leading to high levels of migration from the affected region. Given the social impact of the large number of individuals applying for asylum across Europe in 2015, it is important to study who these persons are in terms of their skills, motivations, and intentions. DiPAS (Displaced Persons in Austria Survey) aims to uncover the socio-demographic characteristics of the persons seeking refuge who arrived in Austria in 2015, mainly originating from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Particular focus is on human capital, attitudes and values. This survey, the first of its kind in Austria and possibly in Europe, was carried out among adult displaced persons, mostly residing in Vienna, yielding 514 completed interviews. Information gathered on spouses and children allows for the analysis of 972 persons living in Austria, and of further 419 partners and children abroad. Results indicate that the surveyed population comprised mainly young families with children, particularly those coming from Syria and Iraq. Their educational level is high compared with the average level in their country of origin. A vast majority of respondents are Muslims, rating their religiosity at medium levels. Judging from stated attitudes towards gender equity, interviewed men seem to have more liberal attitudes than their compatriots. The majority of respondents do not intend to return to their home countries, mostly because of the perception of permanent threat. DiPAS provides data for political decision-making and the on-going societal dialogue. Its findings can help to inform assessments about the integration potential of the displaced population into the host society. In addition, the applied methodological technique and experiences during the fieldwork provide valuable insights on sampling asylum seekers and refugees in the current European context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Djuve, Anne Britt (2016): Refugee migration - a crisis for the Nordic model? Berlin, 15 S.

Abstract

"- The influx of refugees was subject of particular attention also in the Nordic countries. Issues that were especially discussed involved consequences for the individual welfare states as well as effects on the Nordic model in general. Here, a joint discussion between the Nordics about strategies and measures is required urgently.
-?? The Nordic model's conditions include a combination of a comprehensive welfare state, collective bargaining, labor market regulation and free market capitalism. These pillars are mutually dependent and are based on high employment rates and universal welfare provision. Even given a successful (labor market) integration of the recently arrived, considerable costs will arise. The Nordic welfare states are though able to successfully meet these challenges.
-?? In order to achieve a positive labor market integration (what in turn is required for the functioning of the Nordic model), measures addressing the mismatch of competences, discrimination and the growing competition especially in the low-wage sector have to be developed. For a successful and sustainable integration, the only reasonable alternative would be offering qualification programs for refugees enabling them to enter the labor market. Only paying for their social integration outside the labor market or reducing general labor costs on the employer side would not reach far enough and also threaten the Nordic model in the end.
-?? The challenge to integrate newly arrived refugees both in the society and in the labor market by clearing competence mismatches can also help to develop general education policies. Also, the current refugee-situation may contribute to a strengthened cooperation between the Nordics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416

Abstract

"This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Garloff, Alfred (2016): Geflüchtete auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt: Erfahrungen mit Migranten in der Vergangenheit und in anderen Ländern. (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie. Diskussionspapier 01), Berlin, 11 S.

Abstract

"Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass aufgrund der Einmaligkeit der Flüchtlingswelle des Jahres 2015/2016 nach Deutschland und aufgrund der besonderen Charakteristika von Flüchtlingen eine Beurteilung von deren Effekten auf den Arbeitsmarkt schwierig ist, zeigt das Diskussionspapier Erfahrungen aus früheren Einwanderungsepisoden nach Deutschland sowie aus Erfahrungen anderer Länder auf. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur deuten darauf hin, dass Migranten und insbesondere Flüchtlinge gegenüber Einheimischen in Bezug auf Bildung, Löhne und Beschäftigung schwächer abschneiden. Umstritten ist, wie viel schwächer die Werte für Flüchtlinge ausfallen und inwiefern im Zeitverlauf die Lücke geschlossen werden kann. Die Arbeitsmarktposition einheimischer Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer ist zumeist nur geringfügig durch Zuwanderer betroffen. Falls ungünstige Ergebnisse nachgewiesen wurden, so galt dies vor allem für Geringqualifizierte und vormalige Migranten. In einzelnen Studien sind aber auch positive Effekte auf Löhne und Beschäftigung von geringqualifizierten Einheimischen nachgewiesen worden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Geisen, Thomas (2016): Arbeitsmarktintegration und Flüchtlingspolitik in Europa. Das Beispiel Schweiz. In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 112-119. DOI:10.3262/MIG1602112

Abstract

"Vor diesem Hintergrund einer strukturellen Neuausrichtung der Fluchtpolitik in den europäischen Ländern werden nachfolgend zunächst Probleme und Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen vorgestellt und am Beispiel der Schweiz konkretisiert. Darüber hinaus wird die Perspektive von Flüchtlingen dargestellt, es werden Empfehlungen internationaler Organisationen zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen diskutiert und arbeitsmarktpolitische Instrumente vorgestellt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Hatton, Timothy J. (2016): Refugees, asylum seekers, and policy in OECD countries. In: The American economic review, Jg. 106, H. 5, S. 441-445. DOI:10.1257/aer.p20161062

Abstract

"Refugees and asylum seekers are only a small proportion of the 60 million forcibly displaced persons. But those seeking asylum in the developed world have received much of the attention as western governments have struggled to develop a policy response. An analysis of asylum applications by origin and destination indicates that these flows are largely driven by political terror and human rights abuses. Poor economic conditions in origin countries and tough asylum policies in destination countries matter too. In the light of the findings I suggest that greater coordination among OECD countries could improve the lot of those fleeing from persecution but even this would make only modest inroads into the sum of human misery that displaced people exemplify." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Jäggi, Christian J. (2016): Migration und Flucht. Wirtschaftliche Aspekte - regionale Hot Spots - Dynamiken - Lösungsansätze. Wiesbaden: Springer, 148 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-13147-0

Abstract

"Dieses Fachbuch ordnet die hochaktuelle Fluchtthematik in größere theoretische Zusammenhänge ein. Dabei werden die wichtigsten globalen Fluchtbewegungen und Migrationsrouten und regionale Hot Spots skizziert, und zwar aus europäischer und insbesondere aus schweizerischer Sicht. Für Migration und Flucht gibt es ökonomische Ursachen, aber auch Krieg, Gewalt und Naturkatastrophen führen dazu, dass eine wachsende Zahl von Menschen ihre Heimat verlässt. Neben Fragen des Überlebens sind oft auch der Wunsch nach einem besseren Leben die Motivation dazu. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Darstellungen der Migrationsforschung geht der Schweizer Autor Christian J. Jäggi nicht von linearen Migrationsverläufen, sondern von gleichzeitigen, bilokalen Lebensformen aus. Die ökonomischen Implikationen von Migration und Flucht sowohl für die Migranten als auch für die Herkunfts- und für die Einwanderungsländer werden dargestellt. Zudem werden internationale und globale Strategien und Lösungsansätze analysiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.

Zitatform

Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.

Abstract

"This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen in Europa. In: BBE Europa-Nachrichten H. 5, S. 1-5., 2016-05-24.

Abstract

"Europäische Erfahrungen und Herausforderungen bei der Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen sind das Thema des Gastbeitrages von Regina Konle-Seidl, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Forschungsbereich 'Internationale Vergleiche und Europäische Integration' am Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung (IAB) in Nürnberg. Im europäischen Vergleich und Austausch lassen sich Erfolgsfaktoren und Hemmnisse identifizieren. Dabei wirken sich auch Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Fluchtmigration im Vergleich zu früheren Bewegungen aus. Ohne den Abbau rechtlicher Hürden und aktive Unterstützungsmaßnahmen wird es dabei nicht gehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Krings, Torben (2016): Die betriebliche Integration von Flüchtlingen. Ergebnisse einer Unternehmensbefragung in Oberösterreich. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 123-134.

Abstract

"Die aktuelle Fluchtmigration stellt Österreich vor neue integrationspolitische Herausforderungen, nicht zuletzt auch im Hinblick auf den Arbeitsmarkt. Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwieweit bei oberösterreichischen Betrieben eine Bereitschaft zur Einstellung von Flüchtlingen besteht. Auf Grundlage einer schriftlichen Befragung in drei Branchen, dem Bau, dem Einzelhandel und der Gastronomie, wird gezeigt, dass viele Unternehmen der Einstellung von Flüchtlingen offen gegenüberstehen." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

Zitatform

Lawrence, Jeanette A., Ida Kaplan & Amy H. Collard (2016): Understanding the perspectives of refugee unaccompanied minors using a computer-assisted interview. In: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 1-19.

Abstract

"This article reports analyses of the perspectives on their wellbeing expressed by four unaccompanied minor refugees resettling in Australia. We used a computer-assisted interview (CAI) to set up a research environment to facilitate young people's expressions and to treat them and their expressed perspectives with respect and integrity. Participants' data are represented in tables as full transcripts with CAI questions and tasks, and are analyzed using exegetical textual analysis. Analyses reveal similarities and differences in young people's themes and personalized concerns in relation to their life circumstances in resettlement. All four unaccompanied minors were worried about the families from whom they were isolated. Two young women who were humanitarian refugees were preoccupied with family separation and reunion, and also with their own inner states and behavior. Two young men who had been asylum seekers were focused on family and their own educational advancement. The value of the CAI approach is discussed in relation to criticisms of reductionism in quantitative and qualitative data; its ability to support young refugees to express their views with agency and confidence; and the representation of young people's expressed perspectives as a basis for understanding and for supportive programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lundborg, Per & Per Skedinger (2016): Employer attitudes towards refugee immigrants. Findings from a Swedish survey. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 155, H. 2, S. 315-337. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12026

Abstract

"Based on a large-scale survey of Swedish firms, the authors identify significant heterogeneity in their attitudes towards refugee hiring, job performance, wage setting and discrimination, though experience of employing refugees reduces negative attitudes. Firms' reasons for discontinuing their employment of refugees are not related to discrimination by staff or customers, but rather to refugees' suboptimal job performance. While the majority of firms do not regard the collectively agreed minimum wages as an important obstacle to the hiring of refugees, firms with a large share of refugees on the payroll report that reducing those wage rates would enhance employment substantially." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Martín, Iván, Albert Arcarons, Jutta Aumüller, Pieter Bevelander, Henrik Emilsson, Sona Kalantaryan, Alastair MacIver, Isilda Mara, Giulia Scalettaris, Alessandra Venturini, Hermine Vidovic, Inge van der Welle, Michael Windisch, Rebecca Wolffberg & Aslan Zorlu (2016): From refugees to workers. Mapping labour-market integration support measures for asylum seekers and refugees in EU member states. Vol. I, Comparative analysis and policy findings. Gütersloh, 58 S.

Abstract

"The study sets out to provide a better understanding of the emerging challenges in policy targeting the labour-market integration of refugees. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access into employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries?
The study is based on nine detailed country case studies of the following EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Martín, Iván, Albert Arcarons, Jutta Aumüller, Pieter Bevelander, Henrik Emilsson, Sona Kalantaryan, Alastair MacIver, Isilda Mara, Giulia Scalettaris, Alessandra Venturini, Hermine Vidovic, Inge van der Welle, Michael Windisch, Rebecca Wolffberg & Aslan Zorlu (2016): From refugees to workers. Mapping labour-market integration support measures for asylum seekers and refugees in EU member states. Vol. II, Literature review and country case studies. Gütersloh, 175 S.

Abstract

"The report sets out to provide a better understanding of the emerging challenges in policy targeting the labour-market integration of refugees. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access into employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries?
The study is based on nine detailed country case studies of the following EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Mayblin, Lucy (2016): Troubling the exclusive privileges of citizenship. Mobile solidarities, asylum seekers, and the right to work. In: Citizenship studies, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 192-207. DOI:10.1080/13621025.2015.1132570

Abstract

"This article discusses asylum seekers and the right to work in the UK. Differential access to the labour market is one of the ways in which the state maintains a distinction between British citizens, who 'belong', and non-citizens who do not. While such a policy approach garners widespread support amongst the general public of citizens, it does not go uncontested. This article discusses a UK-based campaign, 'Let Them Work', which has sought to influence the government in extending the right to work to asylum seekers. In doing so, it demonstrates the ways in which the stratified regime of citizenship rights is contested politically, and explores how such contestation troubles the exclusive privileges of citizenship by enacting mobile solidarities from marginalised spaces." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Mihai, Silviu (2016): Rumänien: Flüchtlinge im Land der Auswanderer? Bukarest, 6 S.

Abstract

"- Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Ländern des Balkans befindet sich Rumänien nicht auf der Flüchtlingsroute von der Türkei nach Mitteleuropa und ist auch noch kein Mitglied des grenzkontrollfreien Schengen-Raums. Das Niveau der Leistungen für AsylbewerberInnen ist prekär, entspricht aber dem niedrigen Niveau der Löhne, Gehälter und Sozialleistungen, die rumänische StaatsbürgerInnen beziehen.
- Diese Faktoren erklären die sehr geringe Zahl der gestellten Asylanträge, aber auch das relativ geringe Interesse der Politik an einer seriösen Debatte über das Thema. Rechtspopulistische, flüchtlingsfeindliche Kräfte spielen in Rumänien keine bedeutende Rolle, an einer konstruktiven Diskussion über zukunftsorientierte Ansätze fehlt es allerdings ebenso.
- Regierung und Präsident haben sich bei der letzten Abstimmung über die Verteilung der Flüchtlinge innerhalb der EU gegen das System der Pflichtquoten ausgesprochen. Zugleich wollen sie aber eine Isolation Rumäniens in dieser Frage vermeiden.
- Die Aufnahme einer größeren Zahl von Schutzsuchenden wäre langfristig eine Chance für das Land, um die Defizite auszugleichen, die durch die massive Arbeitsmigration nach Westeuropa in den vergangenen 15 Jahren entstanden sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Niebuhr, Annekatrin (2016): Refugees and the labour market. In: RSAI newsletter H. May, S. 10-11., 2016-04-25.

Abstract

"The large influx of refugees to Europe raises the question how this will affect European labour markets. Altogether it is extremely difficult to assess the impact of the current refugee crisis on European labour markets based on the available information. It is impossible to forecast the future development of the inflow of asylum seekers and we lack detailed information on the (professional) qualifications of the refugees. Without doubt, the massive influx of refugees creates immense challenges for the societies in the host regions. And clearly, successful labour market integration of refugees is a precondition for potential benefits to exceed the drawbacks of immigration. This probably calls for accelerated procedures and adjustments with respect to recognizing professional qualifications of the refugees, Job placement, education, training, and in particular access to language courses in the host regions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Parusel, Bernd (2016): Das Asylsystem Schwedens. Gütersloh, 30 S.

Abstract

"Die schwedische Migrations- und Integrationspolitik wird international oft als progressiv und ambitioniert wahrgenommen. Und obwohl es durchaus Herausforderungen gibt, etwa einen Mangel an bezahlbaren Mietwohnungen und eine schleppend verlaufende Arbeitsmarktintegration neu zuziehender Flüchtlinge, bekennt sich die Regierung zu einer positiven Sicht auf Migration.
Auf der Internetseite der Regierung ist zu lesen, man ziele darauf ab, eine 'langfristige und nachhaltige Migrationspolitik' aufrechtzuerhalten, mit der 'das Recht auf Asyl gewahrt wird und im Rahmen einer gesteuerten Migration die grenzüberschreitende Mobilität erleichtert, bedarfsorientierte Arbeitsmigration gefördert, die positiven Effekte von Migration für Entwicklung verstärkt und die Europäische und internationale Kooperation vertieft werden soll.'
Nichtsdestotrotz vollzog Schweden im Herbst 2015 in der Asylpolitik eine drastische Kehrtwende. Angesichts massiver Engpässe bei der Registrierung, Unterbringung und Versorgung der im Zuge der 'Flüchtlingskrise' immer zahlreicher ins Land kommenden Asylsuchenden kündigte die Regierung im Oktober und November 2015 in zwei Schritten einen Katalog von Maßnahmen an, mit dem der Asylbewerberzuzug drastisch gesenkt werden soll. U. a. ist vorgesehen, dass Schutzberechtigte statt einer unbefristeten künftig nur noch eine befristete Aufenthaltserlaubnis erhalten, anerkannte Flüchtlinge für drei Jahre und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte, also bspw. Kriegsflüchtlinge, für 13 Monate.
Die entsprechenden Änderungen im schwedischen Ausländergesetz (Utlänningslag) traten im Sommer 2016 in Kraft, gelten aber auch rückwirkend für alle Asylbewerber, die nach der Ankündigung der Maßnahmen im Herbst 2015 noch ins Land kamen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Poutvaara, Panu & Daniela Wech (2016): Integrating refugees into the labor market. A comparison of Europe and the United States. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 14, H. 4, S. 32-43.

Abstract

"There are major differences between Europe and the United States in the size and composition of refugee flows, and in how well or badly refugees are integrated into the labor market. Firstly, the EU receives far more asylum applications than the US, while the US takes many more refugees through a planned resettlement program, in which the applicants are outside the US at the time of submitting their application, than the EU takes in through its regular resettlement programs. Overall, the number of refugees arriving in the EU is much larger. Secondly, there are major differences in the composition of refugee flows. In 2015, over half of asylum applicants in the EU came from Syria, Afghanistan or Iraq; in 2014, one third of applicants came from Syria, Afghanistan and Kosovo. For the US, the largest groups of refugees admitted through resettlement programs in the fiscal year 2014 were the Iraqis and the Burmese, accounting together for almost half of the total number, followed by the Somalis and the Bhutanese. A third of asylum permits were granted to the Chinese. Thirdly, there are major differences in the employment performance of refugees. Integration into the labor market is much faster in the US than in the EU." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Qvist, Martin (2016): Activation reform and inter-agency co-operation. Local consequences of mixed modes of governance in Sweden. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 19-38. DOI:10.1111/spol.12124

Abstract

"Organizational reform has become a recurring solution to problems of social exclusion and unemployment. In Europe, and other parts of the world, there is a trend towards policies of 'activation' in employment and social policy. The idea of flexible, individualized and tailor-made services is coupled with managerial and market-based reforms as well as collaborative governance. In these complex structures of service provision, coordination and inter-agency co-operation have become key concerns. Based on a study of a recent reform of programmes for newly arrived refugees in Sweden (Etableringsreformen), this article seeks to contribute to the literature on governance of 'activation' by examining the consequences of mixed modes of governance (market and collaborative) on local inter-agency co-operation. Drawing on data from in-depth case studies in two municipalities, it is demonstrated how the coupling of managerial practices and quasi-markets with existing collaborative arrangements has created barriers for inter-agency co-operation. The results indicate that institutional tensions between governance forms represent an important factor for explaining governance failure in this policy area." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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(2016): Flucht und Migration als Herausforderung für Europa. Internationale und nationale Perspektiven aus der Arbeit der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Sankt Augustin, 102 S.

Abstract

"Die Flüchtlings- und Migrationskrise lässt keinen Politikbereich und keinen EU-Mitgliedstaat unberührt. Diese Broschüre zeichnet ein vielstimmiges Bild, das nationale und internationale Analysen, Perspektiven und Ausblicke auf diese gewaltige Herausforderung vereint." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schwarzwälder, Joscha (2016): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen im EU-Vergleich. Keine Patentlösung in Sicht. (Bertelsmann-Stiftung. Zukunft soziale Marktwirtschaft. Policy brief 2016,03), Gütersloh, 8 S.

Abstract

"Sprachkurse, Praktika, Kompetenzfeststellung und Qualifizierung - überall in Europa suchen Politiker derzeit nach Wegen, um Asylbewerber und Flüchtlinge bei der Integration in Arbeit zu unterstützen. Die Herausforderung ist groß. Denn während die Zahl der Asylanträge europaweit auf Rekordniveau liegt, finden Geflüchtete bisher deutlich seltener und später Beschäftigung als andere Zuwanderer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Thränhardt, Dietrich (2016): Asylverfahren in den Niederlanden. Gütersloh, 19 S.

Abstract

"Acht Tage dauerten Asylverfahren in den Niederlanden, acht Monate in Deutschland. Deswegen kämen so viele Balkan-Flüchtlinge nach Deutschland. So kommentierte Frans Timmermans, der Vizepräsident der EU-Kommission, am 9. September 2015 im Deutschen Fernsehen. Ähnlich selbstbewusst war Rob van Lint, der Leiter der niederländischen Migrationsbehörde. Auf die Frage, ob die Niederlande etwas von anderen Ländern lernen könnten, antwortete er mit der Feststellung, vor allem hätten andere Länder viel von den Niederlanden gelernt. 'Im Vergleich haben wir ein sehr straffes Verfahren.'
Unsere Analyse des niederländischen Asylsystems soll nicht nur klären, ob das niederländische Selbstbewusstsein gerechtfertigt ist. Es geht darum, vorbildliche Elemente in der niederländischen Praxis zu identifizieren. Ist das Asyl-Aufnahmesystem in den Niederlanden schneller und besser? Wie verhält sich die Schnelligkeit der Verfahren zur Genauigkeit und zur Qualität der Antragsprüfung? Konnte das niederländische System die gestiegenen Antragszahlen im Jahr 2015 bewältigen? Welche Effekte hat die anwaltliche Vertretung bei allen Asylverfahren, die die Niederlande den Asylbewerbern zur Verfügung stellen? Beeinflusst wachsender Populismus die Praxis? Diese Fragen stellen sich bei einem Vergleich. Ziel der vergleichenden Analyse ist es, Elemente und Verfahrensweisen herauszuarbeiten, die von einem zum anderen Land übertragbar sind und die eine Optimierung der Asyl-Aufnahmesysteme erlauben, wie sie in der Europäischen Union angestrebt wird." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Tumen, Semih (2016): The economic impact of Syrian refugees on host countries. Quasi-experimental evidence from Turkey. In: The American economic review, Jg. 106, H. 5, S. 456-460. DOI:10.1257/aer.p20161065

Abstract

"The Syrian Conflict generated forced immigration from northern Syria to southeastern Turkey. Arrival of refugees resembles a natural experiment, which offers good opportunities to study the economic impact of immigration. I study three main outcomes: labor markets, consumer prices, and housing rents. I document moderate employment losses among native informal workers, which suggests that they are partly substituted by refugees. Prices of the items produced in informal labor intensive sectors declined due to labor cost advantages generated by refugee inflows. Finally, refugee inflows increased the rents of higher quality housing units, while there is no effect on lower quality units." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Weber, Franziska (2016): Labour market access for asylum seekers and refugees under the common European asylum system. In: European Journal of Migration and Law, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 34-64. DOI:10.1163/15718166-12342089

Abstract

"The paper identifies a policy inconsistency between the EU's asylum and the EU's labour migration policies and makes a call for stronger convergence. The analysis starts off by setting out the EU's current and future economic challenges with a view to its ageing population and low fertility rates, which displays the EU's need for migrants. Two trends can be observed: The lacking success of Europe's highly-skilled regime, i.e. the Blue Card scheme, casts doubts on the suitability of the EU's labour migration policy and its ability to meet the EU's labour market's needs this way. Labour market access for people that come to the EU to seek asylum on the other hand is subject to quite a number of restrictions. The lack of coordination seems short-sighted. In an attempt to advocate for stronger coherence the paper sets out the rights to access the EU labour market of those who come to the EU as asylum seekers in detail and explores reform potential where these rights can be expanded consistent with the EU's labour market needs. It looks at EU law in general and refers to Germany as an implementation example." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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OECD (2016): OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Deutschland 2016. (OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte. Deutschland), Paris, 141 S. DOI:10.1787/eco_surveys-deu-2016-de

Abstract

"Regelmäßig analysiert die OECD Volkswirtschaften ihrer Mitgliedsländer und einiger größerer Drittstaaten. Die Wirtschaftsberichte entstehen im Rahmen einer Peer Review und enthalten Empfehlungen, die den Konsens aller 34 OECD-Mitglieder spiegeln. Der vorliegende Bericht thematisiert unter anderem die Integration von Flüchtlingen und Migranten, die Herausforderungen des demografischen Wandels und die Notwendigkeit von Investitionen in soziale Infrastrukturen sowie die Steigerung der Produktivität." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"This paper is a joint effort by the OECD and the European Commission to make a first evaluation of the situation on refugees on the labour market. It is based on the 2014 EU Labour Force Survey. Available evidence confirms that refugees are one of the most vulnerable groups when it comes to labour market integration but show however, significant differences across European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Die hohe Zahl an geflüchteten Menschen beeinflusst die Entwicklung am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Die Broschüre 'Arbeitsmarkt in Kürze: Fluchtmigration' gibt in Form von Tabellen und Schaublidern einen schnellen Überblick über Zahlen, Daten und Fakten zu den bereits sichtbaren Auswirkungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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OECD (2016): Erfolgreiche Integration. Flüchtlinge und sonstige Schutzbedürftige. (Erfolgreiche Integration 01), Paris, 75 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264251632-de

Abstract

"Die OECD-Publikationsreihe 'Erfolgreiche Integration' beruht auf zentralen Erkenntnissen aus den Arbeiten der OECD zur Integrationspolitik, insbesondere den Länderstudien der Reihe Jobs for Immigrants. Ziel ist es, in leicht verständlicher, überblicksartiger Form die wichtigsten Herausforderungen und empfehlenswerten politischen Praktiken bei der Förderung der dauerhaften Integration von Zuwanderern und ihren Kindern für ausgewählte wesentliche Zielgruppen und Integrationsbereiche darzustellen. Jeder Band enthält zehn Empfehlungen sowie Beispiele für empfehlenswerte Praktiken, die durch synthetische Vergleiche des integrationspolitischen Rahmens in den einzelnen OECD-Ländern ergänzt werden, die sich auf bisherige Erfahrungen stützen. Der erste Band befasst sich mit Flüchtlingen und sonstigen schutzbedürftigen Personen, die als humanitäre Zuwanderer bezeichnet werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Andersson Joona, Pernilla, Alma W. Lanninger & Marianne Sundström (2015): Improving the integration of refugees. An early evaluation of a Swedish reform. (IZA discussion paper 9496), Bonn, 29 S.

Abstract

"This paper is an early evaluation of the Swedish Establishment Reform which was enacted in 2010 with the goal of facilitating and speeding up the integration of refugees and their family into the labor market and the society. From December 1, 2010 the reform transferred the responsibility for the integration of newly-arrived refugees from the municipalities to the government funded Public Employment Service through which those eligible would get an establishment plan and a coach. The reform was motived by concern over the low employment level and slow integration of refugees. Our approach is to compare the outcomes of the treatment group, which took part in establishment activities and arrived between December 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011, to those of the comparison group, which arrived in the eleven months preceding the Reform and participated in municipal introduction programs, controlling for a rich set of observables, including country of birth and date of residence permit. Outcomes are measured in terms of employment and earnings in 2012 for the treatment group and in 2011 for the comparison group. Our data comes from registers held by Statistics Sweden and the Public Employment Service and covers all immigrants. Although there are good reasons to expect positive effects of the Reform we find no significant difference in employment or earnings between the treatment group and the comparison group." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bjerre, Liv, Marc Helbling, Friederike Römer & Malisa Zobel (2015): Conceptualizing and measuring immigration policies. A comparative perspective. In: International migration review, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 555-600. DOI:10.1111/imre.12100

Abstract

"In the last decade, researchers have developed many innovative ideas for the construction of indices measuring immigration policies. Methodological considerations have, however, been largely absent from the discussion. To close this gap, this paper investigates the characteristics of existing indices by critically comparing and discussing them. We start by providing a definition of immigration policy which may serve as a benchmark when assessing the indices. By means of the analytical framework developed by Munck and Verkuilen (2002), which we adapt and customize for our analysis, we then evaluate the conceptualization, measurement, and aggregation, as well as the empirical scope of thirteen immigration policy indices. We discuss methodological strengths and weaknesses of the indices, how these affect the research questions that can be answered and what the next steps in index building within the field of immigration policy should be." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brenke, Karl (2015): Flüchtlinge sind sehr ungleich auf die EU-Länder verteilt. Auch bezogen auf die Wirtschaftskraft und Einwohnerzahl. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 82, H. 39, S. 867-881.

Abstract

"In die Europäische Union kommen derzeit so viele Asylbewerber wie noch nie. Dabei sind die Schutzsuchenden recht ungleich auf die Mitgliedstaaten der EU verteilt: Große Länder wie das Vereinigte Königreich, Frankreich, Italien und Spanien haben eine relativ geringe Zahl von Asylbewerbern aufgenommen. Auch in den osteuropäischen Ländern mit Ausnahme Ungarns wurden im ersten Halbjahr 2015 vergleichsweise wenige Asylanträge gestellt. Weitaus mehr Flüchtlinge kommen nach Mitteleuropa, nach Schweden sowie in kleine Staaten an der Peripherie (Malta, Zypern und Bulgarien). Deutschland nimmt ebenfalls überdurchschnittlich viele Asylsuchende auf - gemessen an der Einwohnerzahl fast dreimal so viele und gemessen an der Wirtschaftskraft etwa doppelt so viele wie bei einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung auf alle EU-Länder. Die regionale Konzentration der Asylsuchenden dürfte noch weiter zunehmen, weil einige Länder bei der Flüchtlingspolitik nunmehr restriktiver agieren. Daher ist es dringend erforderlich, dass sich die EU-Staaten auf eine gleichmäßigere und somit als faire wahrgenommene Verteilung der Flüchtlinge einigen. In Deutschland wurde in den ersten sieben Monaten dieses Jahres 37 Prozent der Asylsuchenden nach Beendigung des Asylverfahrens ein Schutzstatus zuerkannt. Die Integration der anerkannten Flüchtlinge in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt fällt den verfügbaren Daten zufolge allerdings sehr schwer. Die Zahl der Arbeitslosen ist - ausgehend von einem niedrigen Niveau - bei den Personen mit der Nationalität der wichtigsten Flüchtlingsstaaten stark gestiegen. So gibt es unter allen in Deutschland lebenden Syrern mit einem Aufenthaltstitel inzwischen mehr Arbeitslose als sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte. Nur wenig besser ist die Relation bei den aus dem Irak, aus Afghanistan, Somalia und Eritrea stammenden Personen. Dementsprechend ist der Anteil der Bezieher von Hartz-IV-Leistungen hoch. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich diese Probleme deutlich abmildern werden, je länger die anerkannten Flüchtlinge in Deutschland leben und je besser sie die deutsche Sprache beherrschen. Deren Erlernen sollte besser unterstützt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann & Parvati Trübswetter (2015): Asyl- und Flüchtlingsmigration in die EU und nach Deutschland. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Berichte 08/2015), Nürnberg, 27 S.

Abstract

"Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit dem Umfang der Asyl- und Flüchtlingsmigration, der Umsetzung des Asylrechts, der Sozial- und Bildungsstruktur der Asylbewerber und Flüchtlinge, deren Arbeitsmarktintegration sowie Handlungsoptionen in den Bereichen Flüchtlings- und Migrationspolitik, Verteilung der Flüchtlinge und Asylverfahren in Deutschland sowie Arbeitsmarktintegration und Teilhabe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Celikaksoy, Aycan & Eskil Wadensjö (2015): The unaccompanied refugee minors and the Swedish labour market. (IZA discussion paper 9306), Bonn, 30 S.

Abstract

"More unaccompanied refugee children arrive to and get a residence permit in Sweden than in any other country in Europe. The number of children who arrives is increasing fast. The Swedish experiences are therefore of great interest also for other countries. In this paper we study the labour market situation in terms of employment and income for those who have arrived as unaccompanied minors and have been registered in Sweden. We compare them with those who also arrived as minors from the same countries but who have arrived together with their parents. After controlling for demographic and migration related variables we find that young adults who arrived as unaccompanied refugee children are more likely to be employed than those children who arrived accompanied from the same countries. Another result is that labour market participation is much lower for females than for males. We also compare the labour market situation of these children with that for those who were born in Sweden and are of the same age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ceritoglu, Evren, H. Burcu Gurcihan Yunculer, Huzeyfe Torun & Semih Tumen (2015): The impact of Syrian refugees on natives' labor market outcomes in Turkey. Evidence from a quasi-experimental design. (IZA discussion paper 9348), Bonn, 47 S.

Abstract

"Civil war in Syria, which started in March 2011, has led to a massive wave of forced immigration from the Northern Syria to the South-eastern regions of Turkey. This paper exploits this natural experiment to estimate the impact of Syrian refugees on the labor market outcomes of natives in Turkey. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that immigration has considerably affected the employment outcomes of natives, while its impact on wage outcomes has been negligible. We document notable employment losses among informal workers as a consequence of refugee inflows. The majority of those who lost their informal jobs have either left the labor force or remained unemployed. Overall, unemployment rates have increased, while labor force participation, informal employment, and job finding rates have declined among natives. Disadvantaged groups - i.e., females, younger workers, and less-educated workers - have been affected the worst. The prevalence of informal employment in the Turkish labor markets has amplified the negative impact of Syrian refugee inflows on natives' labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chadderton, Charlotte & Casey Edmonds (2015): Refugees and access to vocational education and training across Europe. A case of protection of white privilege? In: Journal of vocational education and training, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 136-152. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2014.922114

Abstract

"This small-scale, highly original study connects themes which are rarely explored in relation to each other, particularly in a European context: vocational education and training (VET), refugees and race equality in order to explore how VET policies impact on racial equality, and the ways racial structures in Europe impact on VET. It begins to fill important gaps in cross-European research, firstly around VET and race, and secondly around refugees and VET. The paper is based on a study which examined the meso-social benefits of, and barriers to VET for adult refugees to European countries, commissioned by CEDEFOP, the agency funded by the European Commission to promote the development of VET in the European Union. In the paper, we argue that a key factor in shaping refugees' experiences of VET, are the racial structures integral to capitalist societies. Innovatively drawing on key literature which analyses white privilege in the labour market to contextualise our findings, we suggest that barriers faced by refugees are potentially related to structures of white privilege which shape notions of work and workers in Europe and sustain racial hierarchies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Del Carpio, Ximena V. & Mathis Wagner (2015): The impact of Syrians refugees on the Turkish labor market. (Policy research working paper 7402), Washington, DC, 32 S.

Abstract

"Civil war in Syria has resulted in more than four million refugees fleeing the country, of which 1.8 million have found refuge in Turkey, making it the largest refugee hosting country worldwide. This paper combines newly available data on the 2014 distribution of Syrian refugees across subregions of Turkey with the Turkish Labour Force Survey, to assess the impact on Turkish labor market conditions. Using a novel instrument, the analysis finds that the refugees, who overwhelmingly do not have work permits, result in the large-scale displacement of informal, low-educated, female Turkish workers, especially in agriculture. While there is net displacement, the inflow of refugees also creates higher-wage formal jobs, allowing for occupational upgrading of Turkish workers. Average Turkish wages have increased primarily as the composition of the employed has changed because of the inflow of refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ette, Andreas (2015): Nachhaltigere Politikansätze zur Gestaltung von Flucht und Migration in den internationalen Beziehungen. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 36, H. 5, S. 17-22.

Abstract

"Die Steuerbarkeit von Migration entlang eng definierter Kategorien von Fähigkeiten und Motiven der Migranten ('Arbeitsmigranten') ist nach den Entwicklungen der vergangenen Zeit ganz offensichtlich an Grenzen gelangt. Daher gibt der Beitrag einen Ausblick auf längerfristige Perspektiven einer möglicherweise nachhaltigen Gestaltung von Flucht und Migration und diskutiert unter anderem die bisherigen Bemühungen der Europäischen Union." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fasani, Francesco (2015): Understanding the role of immigrants' legal status. Evidence from policy experiments. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 722-763. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv006

Abstract

"Programmes aimed at reducing the presence of unauthorized immigrants are often at the core of the migration policy debate in host countries. In recent years, a growing body of empirical literature has attempted to understand the effect of lacking legal status on immigrants' outcomes and behaviour. The main difficulties in this field are the scarcity of data and the identification challenge posed by endogenous selection into legal status. The vast majority of these articles have therefore used amnesty programmes (or similar policy changes) to establish causal relationships. In this article, we propose a first systematic review of the empirical literature for the USA and Europe on the impact of legal status on different immigrants' outcomes. We then present some new evidence of the relationship between labour market outcomes and legal status in the Italian context. In our empirical analysis, we first provide some descriptive evidence on differences in the outcomes for groups with different residence statuses, and we then exploit a specific amnesty programme to produce causal estimates of the impact of legal status. Our results confirm previous findings in the literature and show that the design of the specific amnesty analysed matters in shaping its effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Foged, Mette & Giovanni Peri (2015): Immigrants' effect on native workers. New analysis on longitudinal data. (IZA discussion paper 8961), Bonn, 47 S.

Abstract

"Using longitudinal data on the universe of workers in Denmark during the period 1991-2008 we track the labor market outcomes of low skilled natives in response to an exogenous inflow of low skilled immigrants. We innovate on previous identification strategies by considering immigrants distributed across municipalities by a refugee dispersal policy in place between 1986 and 1998. We find that an increase in the supply of refugee-country immigrants pushed less educated native workers (especially the young and low-tenured ones) to pursue less manual-intensive occupations. As a result immigration had positive effects on native unskilled wages, employment and occupational mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Galloway, Moira, Monika Smit & Mariska Kromhout (2015): Between control and support. The protection of unaccompanied minor asylum seekers at risk. The Dutch case. In: International migration, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 51-61. DOI:10.1111/imig.12178

Abstract

"Drawing on research by the Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice (Kromhout et al., 2010), this article describes how the Dutch government tried to protect Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers (UMAs) who were (at risk of becoming) victims of human trafficking by implementing 'Protected Reception'. It was concluded that the three objectives of this pilot programme were met to some extent: the influx of risk groups and the number of disappearances decreased, yet there was no (immediate) increase in return migration to the country of origin, after leaving Protected Reception. An important question that was raised was how far a state can go in protecting these vulnerable young people, by (partially) limiting their freedom of movement. It was concluded that placement and stay in Protected Reception had to be qualified as a deprivation of liberty for which Dutch legislation did not offer any ground." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gateley, Davina E. (2015): A policy of vulnerability or agency? Refugee young people's opportunities in accessing further and higher education in the UK. In: Compare, Jg. 45, H. 1, S. 26-46. DOI:10.1080/03057925.2013.841030

Abstract

"The UK government's austerity cuts have negatively impacted many voluntary-sector interventions that provided support to refugees. One such intervention, the Refugee Integration and Employment Service (RIES), is discussed in this paper. The RIES was a UK Border Agency-funded integration programme for recognised refugees and operated through voluntary-sector organisations nationwide. Findings of this small, qualitative study tentatively suggest that without bespoke support such as RIES, refugees will struggle to make informed and strategic decisions about their future education choices, restricting their ability to exercise autonomous agency. Current UK policy of counting refugees alongside other types of migrants will not cater for the specificity and multiplicity of issues faced by refugee young people. This will inhibit their opportunities and increase vulnerabilities, compounding their precarious position in UK society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grieger, Nadine (2015): Anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte am Arbeitsmarkt. Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt, September 2015. Wien, 4 S.

Abstract

"Ende September 2015 waren 18.968 anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte in Österreich beim Arbeitsmarktservice gemeldet. Das entspricht einer Zunahme von rund 50% gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat und einem Anteil von 4,8% an allen beim Arbeitsmarktservice arbeitslos gemeldeten oder in Schulung befindlichen Personen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hatton, Timothy J. (2015): Asylum policy in the EU. The case for deeper integration. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 605-637. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv002

Abstract

"Over the last 15 years, the locus of policymaking towards asylum seekers and refugees has shifted away from national governments and towards the European Union (EU) as the Common European Asylum Policy has developed. Most of the focus has been on the harmonization of policies relating to border control, the processing of asylum claims, and reception standards for asylum seekers. But this still falls far short of a fully integrated EU-wide policy. This article examines the basis upon which a joint EU policy can be justified. I then ask whether superior outcomes can be achieved by harmonization alone or if more centralized policymaking is necessary. I chart the progress of harmonization and burden-sharing in the development of the Common European Asylum System and explore its effects. I also study the political feasibility of deeper policy integration by analysing public attitudes in the European Social Survey. I conclude that deeper integration is both" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ho, Giang & Kazuko Shirono (2015): The Nordic labor market and migration. (IMF working paper 2015,254), Washington, DC, 44 S.

Abstract

"The large influx of migrants to Nordic countries in recent years is challenging the adoptability of Nordic labor market institutions while also adding to potential growth. This paper examines the trends, economic drivers, and labor market implications of migration to Nordic countries with a particular focus on economic migration as distinct from the recent large flows of asylum seekers. Our analysis finds that migration inflows to the Nordics are influenced by both cyclical and structural factors. Although migration helpfully dampens overheating pressures during periods of strong demand, and over the longer term will cushion the decline in labor supply from population aging, in the near-term unemployment can rise, especially among the young and lower-skilled. The analysis highlights the need to adapt Nordic labor market institutions in a manner that better facilitates the integration of migrants into employment. In particular, greater wage flexibility at the firm level and continued strong active labor market measures will help improve labor market outcomes among immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina, Franziska Schreyer & Angela Bauer (2015): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Asylbewerbern und Flüchtlingen in Schweden, Dänemark und Großbritannien. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Berichte 18/2015), Nürnberg, 15 S.

Abstract

"Die stark gestiegene Fluchtmigration stellt den Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland vor große Herausforderungen. Der Aktuelle Bericht stellt dar, wie ausgewählte europäische Länder (Schweden, Dänemark, Großbritannien) bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Schutzsuchenden vorgehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Koyama, Jill (2015): Constructing gender: refugee women working in the United States. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 258-275. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feu026

Abstract

"Drawing on data collected during a 26-month ethnographic study of refugees in a city in upstate New York, I examine the gendered and gendering training and work contexts with which refugee women engage. Utilizing the notion of assemblage, a term often associated with actor-network theory (ANT), I ask, among other questions, how do the gathered collages of texts, aims, histories, resources, knowledges, and practices that instantiate what we might recognize as resources for newcomers, come to frame refugee women as they enter the workforce? I demonstrate that through the processes of becoming employed, certain material objects, such as completed job applications, combine with case workers' assessments of employability, and employers' ethnic and gender stereotypes, to create socio-material renderings of refugee women. However, even as they participate in the labour market, the refugee women push against the constraints imposed by their limited English-language ability, lack of formal education, initial lack of socio-economic connections, culturally-defined gender roles, and gender stereotypes. I argue that greater efforts through changes in the national policy and also the related practices of local resettlement agencies should address gender more explicitly. Greater time investment in educational programmes, a longer period of workforce training in more varied, less gender-stereotypical areas, and explicit programmes educating the receiving community about the refugees could result not only in greater economic adaptation, but also increased social integration for refugee women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))