Unternehmensgründungen durch Frauen
Unternehmensgründungen gelten als wichtiger Wachstumsfaktor der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Seit Jahren ist jedoch zu beobachten, dass mehr Männer als Frauen den Schritt in die Selbstständigkeit wagen. Auch wenn die Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen unter den Gründenden kein spezifisch deutsches, sondern ein internationales Phänomen ist, verweist sie doch auf - volkswirtschaftlich gesehen - ungenutzte Potenziale.
Die Infoplattform dokumentiert die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zu den Geschlechterdifferenzen im Gründungsgeschehen, deren Ausprägungen und Ursachen.
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Literaturhinweis
Debiasing entrepreneurial careers: A field experiment on female role model effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early-stage career choices (2026)
Bechthold, Laura; Huber, Laura Rosendahl; Eddleston, Kimberly A.;Zitatform
Bechthold, Laura, Laura Rosendahl Huber & Kimberly A. Eddleston (2026): Debiasing entrepreneurial careers: A field experiment on female role model effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early-stage career choices. In: Journal of business venturing, Jg. 41, H. 3. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582
Abstract
"Women remain underrepresented not only as founders but also as employees – or “joiners” – in young and small firms, limiting their exposure to entrepreneurial environments that often serve as critical pathways to venture creation. To address this gap, we investigate whether introducing female entrepreneur role models in educational settings can shape young women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early career choices. Drawing on role congruity theory and social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we conducted a field experiment involving over 430 university students and 98 early-stage entrepreneurs. Using a pre-test/post-test design and longitudinal tracking of early career choices, we explore the causal effects of exogenously assigned female role models on students' decisions to join a young or small firm. We find that exposure to social interactions with female entrepreneurs significantly boosts female students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. More importantly, women who were paired with a female entrepreneur were over 10% more likely to join a young firm after graduation compared to those assigned to a male entrepreneur. Mediation analysis confirms that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a key mechanism linking exposure to same-sex role models with women's decision to join a young firm. These findings highlight the potential of targeted role model interventions to reduce gender disparities in entrepreneurial entry pathways and expand the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is ‘Mumpreneurship’ a White phenomenon? Self-employment among native and immigrant women in the U.S. (2026)
Zitatform
Florian, Sandra & Cécile Fonrouge (2026): Is ‘Mumpreneurship’ a White phenomenon? Self-employment among native and immigrant women in the U.S. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 52, H. 5, S. 1243-1267. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2534165
Abstract
"In the context of persistent work and family conflict, self-employment is perceived as a solution for mothers to reconcile employment and childcare duties. The ‘mumpreneurship’ thesis states that the recent upsurge in female self-employment has been driven by mothers searching for the independence and flexibility that wage labor lacks to balance work and family demands. Although mumpreneurship has been portrayed as a growing popular phenomenon, most of the evidence is based on small qualitative studies and data for White women. This study examines the extent to which the concept of mumpreneurship can be applied to ethno-racial minorities and immigrant women using recent data from the U.S. Current Population Survey (2015-2020). We found that having children is associated with lower wage-employment and self-employment for all women, with the exception of native Black women. We find strong evidence for mumpreneurship among native-born White mothers, for whom self-employment is a preferred alternative over wage-employment. For all other racial minorities and immigrant mothers, children are not associated with women’s probability of self-employment. The findings suggest that mumpreneurship, as a strategy for combining work and family responsibilities, has been overstated, applying mainly to White women, but not to racial minority and immigrant women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Doing, redoing, or undoing gender of women tech founders in Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Kneip, Veronika & Melanie Slavici (2026): Doing, redoing, or undoing gender of women tech founders in Germany. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 22, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s11365-025-01103-7
Abstract
"The study focuses on German tech startups, scrutinizing what visibility women founders consider important . In this respect, to what extent they perceive “visibility” in a gendered way is particularly striking. Consequently, we ask what women founders actively do to create a particular gender-(in)dependent visibility : how do they locate themselves in the three-way interplay of reproducing the dualism of masculinity–femininity (doing gender), restructuring it (redoing gender), or eliminating it (undoing gender)? Via our dataset of 20 qualitative interviews with all-women or mixed-gender founding teams, we divide the results of our inductive analysis into gender-independent and gender-dependent dimensions. While the women founders primarily do not understand “visibility as a startup” as gendered at the organizational level, gendered self-images at the individual level exist. Organizational visibility is shaped by phases, target groups, and instruments. For individual, gender-dependent visibility, we find the three ideal types of the (internal or external) feminist, the pragmatic strategist, and the gender neutrality advocate. We link our empirical findings to the opportunities and challenges of doing, redoing, and undoing gender, showing that women tech founders are actively undoing gender in many areas. Our research provides linkages to current debates in women’s entrepreneurship literature, such as entrepreneurial identity or discourses of hypervisibility. Moreover, we deliver practical implications on how to gear women-specific networks, accelerators, and the like toward the actual needs of women founders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Untersuchung der sozialen Lage von Selbstständigen in Deutschland (2026)
Zitatform
Pöhler, Anne-Christin, Maximilian Priem, Liliana Cuccu, Holger Schütz & Maximilian Ponert (2026): Untersuchung der sozialen Lage von Selbstständigen in Deutschland. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 676), Berlin, 210 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie erfasst die Prävalenz von selbstständiger Erwerbstätigkeit in ihren verschiedenen Ausprägungen und hat zum Ziel, die soziale Lage und die soziale Absicherung von Selbstständigen differenziert zu analysieren. Dazu wurde im Jahr 2024 eine bundesweite Befragung von über 2.000 Selbstständigen durchgeführt, die Informationen zu ihrer Erwerbssituation und - historie, zu ihren Einkommen, Finanzen und ihrer sozialen Vorsorge sowie soziodemographischen Merkmalen erhoben hat. Die große Mehrheit führt ihre Selbstständigkeit ausschließlich in der Haupttätigkeit aus (80,7 Prozent). Daneben beschreibt die Studie auch hybrid Selbstständige (15,9 Prozent), die gleichzeitig selbstständig erwerbstätig und abhängig beschäftigt sind. Im Durchschnitt befinden sich Selbstständige in Deutschland gemessen an ihrer Erwerbssituation, dem Haushaltseinkommen, dem Vermögen und der Wohnsituation in einer wirtschaftlich und sozial guten Lage. Gleichzeitig befindet sich ein Anteil von ungefähr 15 bis 25 Prozent der Selbstständigen in einer schlechten sozialen Lage. Dabei handelt es sich in erster Linie um Solo-Selbstständige, Frauen, Selbstständige mit direktem Migrationshintergrund und ausschließlich in Nebentätigkeit Selbstständige. In Bezug auf die soziale Absicherung finden sich ähnliche Muster: Die breite Mehrheit der Selbstständigen sichert sich für das Alter, gegen Einkommens- und Erwerbsausfälle und gegen Krankheit ab. Gleichzeitig findet sich ein nicht unerheblicher Teil, der sich nur unzureichend absichert und sich nicht ausreichend abgesichert fühlt. Die Möglichkeit, soziale Absicherungsinstrumente nutzen zu können, hängt stark mit der sozialen Lage zusammen. Selbstständige in schlechterer sozialer Lage sind häufiger auch nicht umfassend sozial abgesichert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Female entrepreneurship in the U.S. 1982 - 2012: Implications for welfare and aggregate output (2025)
Bento, Pedro;Zitatform
Bento, Pedro (2025): Female entrepreneurship in the U.S. 1982 - 2012: Implications for welfare and aggregate output. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 149. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2024.103676
Abstract
"The number of women-owned businesses in the U.S. has soared over the last several decades. In 1982 less than 13 percent of businesses were majority-owned by women. By 2012 this number reached 40 percent. This and other evidence suggests that women have faced significant barriers to running businesses. Interpreted through the lens of a model of entrepreneurship, observed trends imply substantial declines in several barriers facing female entrepreneurs. Together, these changes account for almost 4 percent of observed growth in aggregate output and a 3 percent increase in workers’ consumption-equivalent welfare since 1982. By 2012, lower barriers increased the welfare of female entrepreneurs by a dramatic 116 percent, while lowering the welfare of male entrepreneurs by 5 percent. These impacts are in addition to any gains to workers from declining labor-market barriers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Motherhood and the allocation of talent (2025)
Berniell, Inés ; Marchionni, Mariana ; Edo, María ; Machado, Matilde P. ; Fawaz, Yarine ; Berniell, Lucila; De la Mata, Dolores;Zitatform
Berniell, Inés, Lucila Berniell, Dolores De la Mata, María Edo, Yarine Fawaz, Matilde P. Machado & Mariana Marchionni (2025): Motherhood and the allocation of talent. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 57, H. 44, S. 7073-7089. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2024.2387861
Abstract
"In this paper we show that motherhood triggers changes in the allocation of talent in the labour market beyond the well-known effects on gender gaps in employment and earnings. Based on an event study approach around the birth of the first child and retrospective panel data for 28 European countries and Israel, we assess the labour market responses to motherhood across ‘talent ’ groups–i.e. groups with different educational attainment, Math performance at age 10, and personality traits associated to entrepreneurial ability. We show that even the most talented women–both in absolute terms and relative to their husbands–leave the labour market or uptake part-time jobs after the birth of the first child. We also find that motherhood induces a negative selection of female talents into self-employment. Overall, our results suggest relevant changes in the allocation of talent associated to gender differences in non-market responsibilities that can have sizable impacts on aggregate market productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The translation of latent into actual entrepreneurship: the impact of GE (2025)
Zitatform
Cannavale, Chiara, Giorgia Rivieccio, Lorenza Claudio & Iman Zohoorian Nadali (2025): The translation of latent into actual entrepreneurship: the impact of GE. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 21, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s11365-024-01017-w
Abstract
"This study seeks to answer two questions: Is latent entrepreneurship a predictor of entrepreneurial activity? Does Gender Egalitarianism affect the translation of latent into actual entrepreneurship? We developed a quantitative analysis based on a regression with unbalanced panel data covering the 2002–2020 period across 42 countries. We employed data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to investigate latent entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activity. We considered values lagged by three years for latent entrepreneurship and actual data for entrepreneurial activity. We took cultural data from the GLOBE Project to measure Gender Egalitarianism across countries and used both “as is” (Gender Egalitarianism Practices) and “should be” (Gender Egalitarianism Values) scores. Findings indicate that Gender Egalitarianism Values and Gender Egalitarianism Practices mainly have a curvilinear effect on entrepreneurial activity, showing an inverted U-shape relationship. The main contribution is Gender Egalitarianism’s non-linear moderating role in the relationship between latent and actual entrepreneurship: higher Gender Egalitarianism Values and Gender Egalitarianism Practices significantly reduce the effect of latent entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial activity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stumbling Blocks or Stepping Stones: The Effects of Promoting (Youth) Entrepreneurship (2025)
Garcia, Sebastian Camarero; Henao, Leandro;Zitatform
Garcia, Sebastian Camarero & Leandro Henao (2025): Stumbling Blocks or Stepping Stones: The Effects of Promoting (Youth) Entrepreneurship. (Ruhr economic papers 1189), Essen, 29 S. DOI:10.4419/96973374
Abstract
"Diese Studie nutzt administrative Daten zur Evaluation einer spanischen Reform aus dem Jahr 2013, die Sozialversicherungsbeiträge für junge Selbständige subventionierte. Anspruchsberechtigt waren Männer unter 30 Jahren und Frauen unter 35 Jahren mit einer aktiven Phase der Selbständigkeit im Februar 2013. Die Maßnahme verlängerte weder die Dauer der Selbständigkeit noch erhöhte sie die allgemeinen Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeiten. Männliche Selbständige verzeichneten keine signifikanten Einkommensänderungen, während Frauen, die innerhalb von zwei Jahren in abhängige Beschäftigung zurückkehrten, einen Zuwachs der monatlichen Löhne von rund 14% erzielten, hauptsächlich durch Übergänge in höher entlohnte Tätigkeiten im Dienstleistungssektor. Diese Einkommensgewinne konzentrierten sich auf Frauen mit einem höheren Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko, etwa Mütter und Frauen in ländlichen Regionen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Female Founders Monitor 2025 (2025)
Hirschfeld, Alexander; Walk, Vanusch; Stellbrink, Clara; Teubert, Franziska; Gilde, Jannis;Zitatform
Hirschfeld, Alexander, Jannis Gilde, Vanusch Walk, Franziska Teubert & Clara Stellbrink (2025): Female Founders Monitor 2025. 26 S. DOI:10.11586/2025011
Abstract
"Aktuell braucht Deutschland vor allem eins: mehr Innvoation - und dafür braucht es mehr Startups. Mit frischen Ideen und unternehmerischem Drive machen sie unsere Wirtschaft zukunftsfest und nutzen Chancen in neuen Feldern, wie der Künstlichen Intelligenz." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Public childcare - its impact on gender equality in entrepreneurship revisited (2025)
Zitatform
Kay, Rosemarie, Teita Bijedić-Krumm, Siegrun Brink & Sebastian Nielen (2025): Public childcare - its impact on gender equality in entrepreneurship revisited. (Working paper / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung 2025,02), Bonn, 13 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Auswirkungen öffentlicher Kinderbetreuungsangebote auf die Gründungsraten von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland basierend auf öffentlichen Daten aus den Jahren 2012 bis 2018 auf Regionalebene. Während eine höhere Verfügbarkeit von Kinderbetreuungsangeboten die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im Unternehmertum insgesamt sogar noch vergrößert, verringert sie diese Unterschiede bei wirtschaftlich substanzhaltigen Unternehmen und bei der Betreuung von Kindern im Alter zwischen drei und sechs Jahren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Selbstständige Handwerkerinnen als (werdende) Mütter – Ergebnisse einer NRW-weiten Befragung (2025)
Zitatform
Peters, Vinzenz, Susanne Schlepphorst & Rosemarie Kay (2025): Selbstständige Handwerkerinnen als (werdende) Mütter – Ergebnisse einer NRW-weiten Befragung. (IfM-Materialien / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn 311), Bonn, 46 S.
Abstract
"Diese Studie richtet sich auf die beruflichen Folgen der Schwanger- und Mutterschaft von selbstständigen Handwerkerinnen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der Handwerkerinnen, die während der Selbstständigkeit Mutter geworden sind, keine Form von Lohnersatzleistungen aus der gesetzlichen oder privaten Krankenversicherung in Anspruch genommen hat – aus Unwissenheit ob dieser Möglichkeit. Obwohl ein großer Teil der Handwerkerinnen erst kurz vor der Geburt die Arbeit ruhen lässt und diese zeitnah nach der Geburt wieder aufnimmt, erleiden sie deutliche Einbußen beim Umsatz und damit in ihrem Einkommen. Dies ist den notwendigen organisatorischen Maßnahmen rund um die Geburt geschuldet, vornehmlich weil sie ihre Arbeitszeit reduzieren, teils Aufträge ablehnen oder das Unternehmen vorüberhegend ruhen lassen bzw. schließen (müssen). Darüber hinaus führen die Handwerkerinnen in vielen Fällen Tätigkeiten aus, die abhängig Beschäftigten im Rahmen des Mutterschutzgesetzes untersagt wären. Die Mehrheit der selbstständigen Handwerkerinnen hält die E" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Origins of Entrepreneurship: How Parental Role Models and Socialization Shape Later Entrepreneurial Intentions (2025)
Zitatform
Schneck, Stefan (2025): The Origins of Entrepreneurship: How Parental Role Models and Socialization Shape Later Entrepreneurial Intentions. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1233), Berlin, 34 S.
Abstract
"This exploratory study examines the effects of parental socialization and parental role models at ages 7 to 10 on the entrepreneurial intentions of their children in adolescence. Analysis of German household data and more than 1,400 observations shows a moderation effect between parental role models and socialization. An adolescent's willingness to become self-employed in the future is influenced by parental role models and moderated by parental child-rearing practices related to risk-taking during childhood. While child-rearing practices not focused on risk-avoidance reinforce the parental role model effect and increase an adolescent's intentions to become self-employed, parental child-rearing practices geared toward risk aversion nullify any positive effects of having self-employed parents as role models. Parental socialization during childhood thus casts a long-term shadow and may explain why some children with self-employed parents have as little intention of becoming self-employed as children of employees. Early parental socialization practices may, thus, contribute to explaining the lack of willing entrepreneurs and family business successors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Female entrepreneurship involvement in digital transformation process through perspective of gender employment and pay gaps (2025)
Zitatform
Skare, Marinko, Beáta Gavurová & Viliam Kovac (2025): Female entrepreneurship involvement in digital transformation process through perspective of gender employment and pay gaps. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 21, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s11365-024-01060-7
Abstract
"The main goal of the study is to investigate and to quantify the relations between the gender aspects and the processes of digital transformation in a relation to the eco-innovation processes. The processes of digital transformation in enterprises bring the changes of business strategies, processes, management, principles, approaches, and methods. A change in the roles of the managerial and other work positions, which can have an impact on efficiency of engaged processes in enterprises, is associated with them. The actual research studies aimed at investigating the female role in the leadership position have been focused on business processes mainly, which the effect of leadership is not difficult to quantify within. The procedures of digital transformation and the eco-innovation processes within them bring new dimension of the managerial work and a need for several technical, economic, and personal changes. According to the examined literature review, the three research questions are formulated, whilst each one is related to the particular examined field – the gender employment gap, the gender pay gap, and the female entrepreneurship participation. The applied regression analysis with the testing phase serves to analyse the data gathered. The carried-out analysis provides the interesting finding also from a geographical view. The gender employment gap in its different forms is confirmed by the outcomes of the constructed panel regression models in a majority of the explored cases. The gender pay gap is not seen as statistically significant. The female entrepreneurship participation represents the strongest point and it is confirmed absolutely at all. The study outcomes will support the creation of active environmental and innovation policies at the national and international level. Investigating gender diversity and its impact on the eco-innovation processes will enable the creation of mechanisms for eliminating the gender disparities, improving environmental reputation, and for effective decision-making processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Make it or leave it?– An exploration of post-foundation dynamics among female entrepreneurs (2025)
Zitatform
Uebbing, Lina, Marius Claus Wehner, Alba Yela Aránega & José Manuel Guaita Martínez (2025): Make it or leave it?– An exploration of post-foundation dynamics among female entrepreneurs. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 21, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s11365-024-01065-2
Abstract
"Female entrepreneurs encounter several barriers before starting a business. The prevalent association of entrepreneurship with masculine stereotypes in many countries is a contributing factor as to why fewer women pursue entrepreneurial ventures. Yet our understanding of whether these barriers vanish once females have founded a new business remains limited. To shed more light on women’s experiences, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews to investigate German female entrepreneurs’ perceptions of challenges post-foundation. Our findings show that female entrepreneurs are still affected by stereotypes of their private and professional surroundings after their business has launched. The main reasons for exiting their businesses are experienced role conflicts that may result in mental health issues. Based on these findings, we developed a framework illustrating how women navigate through the entrepreneurial lifecycle, encountering increased role incongruity as they become more deeply immersed in the entrepreneurial environment. Understanding the factors through which women decide about their future paths is important for researchers and practitioners to support female entrepreneurs after new business startup. We conclude that sustained private and professional as well as instrumental and non-instrumental support during the early stages after starting a new venture may help sustain the share of female entrepreneurs and reduce the share of females resigning and going into other labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What’s driving them? A qualitative approach to explore women entrepreneurs’ motivations in STEM (2025)
Zitatform
Voß, Julia, Benjamin Butz & Kerstin Ettl (2025): What’s driving them? A qualitative approach to explore women entrepreneurs’ motivations in STEM. In: International journal of gender and entrepreneurship, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 215-244. DOI:10.1108/ijge-09-2023-0241
Abstract
"Purpose: Entrepreneurship and the disciplines of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are considered important drivers of innovation. At the same time, the representation of women entrepreneurs in STEM remains low. Despite this disparity, a number of women still choose to start ventures and persist in pursuing their innovations in STEM. This study aims to examine the motivational factors that drive women entrepreneurs to approach and consistently pursue their innovations and ventures in STEM. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the concept of the heterogeneity of motivational factors (Graham and Bonner, 2022) and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986, 2001; Wood and Bandura, 1989), 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women entrepreneurs in STEM. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of the heterogeneous motivational factors influencing women entrepreneurs in STEM. Findings The motivations of women entrepreneurs in STEM are multifaceted, interrelated and dynamic. They encompass personal and cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors and partly change over time. This study reveals two levels of heterogeneity: the heterogeneity of women entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial motivations, and the within-context heterogeneity of women entrepreneurs in STEM themselves. Originality/value This study addresses the need for a deeper understanding of women entrepreneurs in STEM. By focusing on nuanced aspects of entrepreneurial motivations that are often overlooked in the existing literature, this research provides valuable insights and discusses implications for theory, policy and education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Frauen führen: Erfolgreiche Nachfolge in Familienunternehmen (2025)
Waffenschmidt, Brigitte; Gutmann, Joachim;Zitatform
Waffenschmidt, Brigitte & Joachim Gutmann (Hrsg.) (2025): Frauen führen. Erfolgreiche Nachfolge in Familienunternehmen. Freiburg: Haufe, 248 S.
Abstract
"Frauen in Führungsrollen – insbesondere in traditionellen Familienunternehmen – sind noch immer nicht die Regel. Um erfolgreich zu sein, müssen sie oft zahlreiche interne und externe Hürden überwinden. Dieses Herausgeberwerk stellt die einzigartigen Geschichten und Erfahrungen bedeutender und wegweisender Unternehmerinnen vor, u.a. von Larissa Kuntz (Elka Holzwerke GmbH), Anna Meusert (Planen Wehner GmbH) oder Christina Riefler-Karpa (Memmert GmbH + Co. KG). Die authentischen Berichte und Interviews bieten nicht nur wertvolle Einblicke in Herausforderungen und Erfolge von Frauen in Führungspositionen. Sie zeigen, dass es keine universal passenden Lösungen gibt, sondern individuelle Wege zum Erfolg führen. Und sie ermutigen dazu, unternehmerische Verantwortung zu übernehmen und den Weg für kommende Generationen zu bereiten. - Besonderheiten und Handlungsempfehlungen für weibliche Führung - Unternehmensnachfolgen in Deutschland: Die Rolle frauengeführter Unternehmen - Next Generation: Wie Frauen Familienunternehmen zukunftsfähig machen - Vom Männerbund zu Möglichkeitsräumen – Netzwerke als Schlüsselfaktor für erfolgreiche weibliche Nachfolge - Unternehmerische Vision und gelebte Empathie - Einführung einer werteorientierten Unternehmensführung bei der Nachfolge" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Performance of women-owned businesses that patent (2024)
Abbes, Chahreddine; Lafrance-Cooke, Amélie; Leung, Danny;Zitatform
Abbes, Chahreddine, Amélie Lafrance-Cooke & Danny Leung (2024): Performance of women-owned businesses that patent. In: Economic and Social Reports, Jg. 4, H. 9. DOI:10.25318/36280001202400900003-eng
Abstract
"This study compares the performance of businesses owned by women (majority or equal ownership) that patent with that of majority men-owned businesses and businesses where gender of ownership cannot be assigned. It finds that women-owned firms have higher survival rates, but lower revenue growth rates, after filing for a patent than businesses where gender of ownership cannot be assigned, even after controlling for observable firm characteristics. The differences between women-owned businesses and businesses where gender of ownership cannot be assigned are greater than those between women-owned and majority men-owned businesses. Women-owned businesses have lower revenue growth rates than majority men-owned businesses, but only have higher survival rates in the fifth year after filing for a patent and after controlling for observable firm characteristics. When the possibility of exit through an acquisition is taken into account, differences in survival between women-owned businesses and other businesses disappear. This suggests that women-owned businesses that patent may have different exit strategies than other businesses. The differences in revenue growth suggest that there may be differences in the quality of the invention, or that some previously documented differences in favour of men-owned businesses (i.e., access to financing and knowledge-building opportunities) may affect the type of inventions developed by women-owned businesses and their ability to successfully commercialize them. Overall, the findings support the need for policies that take gender into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reshaping gendered norms in entrepreneurship: Incorporating gender identity and entrepreneurial practice (2024)
Zitatform
Boddington, Monique Ingrid (2024): Reshaping gendered norms in entrepreneurship: Incorporating gender identity and entrepreneurial practice. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 378-398. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13075
Abstract
"This paper presents a practice theoretical conception of gender in entrepreneurship, emphasizing the potential of reflexivity and collective agency to reshape gendered norms. While the literature recognizes the fluidity of gender and its intersectional nature, it often overlooks how social phenomena are produced and relate to each other. The main aim of this is to show, not just how, gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice inhibit practice (which has been extensively covered) but how identity and the individualized practice of entrepreneurship, can shift gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice. Drawing upon the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Margaret Archer, this paper proposes a more integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, embedded within a social realist approach. The author highlights the need for structural renegotiation in entrepreneurship through reflexivity. Given how norms self‐naturalize, individual practice of diverse gendered practices in entrepreneurship is not enough to create long‐term sustainable change and support for diversegendered practices. Instead, this paper proposes an integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, emphasizing the potential of individuals to shift structural norms, through collective action. This study suggests that a more balanced understanding of the interplay between context and identity can assist in the design of support for non‐traditional gendered practices and provide new insights into how gendered norms impact entrepreneurial activity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gender wage gap and its effect on women's entrepreneurship (2024)
Zitatform
Bonaparte, Yosef, Frank J. Fabozzi, David Koslowsky & Madhavan Parthasarathy (2024): The gender wage gap and its effect on women's entrepreneurship. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 56, H. 38, S. 4563-4575. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2023.2212968
Abstract
"We demonstrate an inverse relationship between women’s financial equality status with men (as proxied by gender wage gap), and women’s entrepreneurship participation at the U.S. state level. Gender wage gap affects women’s opportunity cost of the entrepreneurship decision. In states where women’s status is lower, women’s opportunity cost of becoming an entrepreneur is lower because their wages are lower, increasing women’s entrepreneurship participation. We also demonstrate that states’ demographics are important factors, but only education is specific to women. Collectively, we find that women choose to be entrepreneurial when their status is lower, which reflects women’s economic resiliency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entrepreneur characteristics and determinants of self-employment across Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Coates, Dermot & Martina Lawless (2024): Entrepreneur characteristics and determinants of self-employment across Europe. (ESRI working paper / Economic and Social Research Institute 772), Dublin, 38 S.
Abstract
"Entrepreneurship is a key driver of jobs and innovation. This paper examines the prevalence of entrepreneurship across Europe and characteristics of those who become entrepreneurs. We place a particular focus on the distinction between opportunity and necessity motivations for becoming self-employed. The results in this paper find that one of the most significant barriers to entrepreneurship in Europe is lack of access to finance although this is noticeably lower in Ireland. Examining the characteristics of the self-employed, we find that participation by women and those in younger age cohorts (19-24 and 25-29) are significantly lower than for other groups. The results also suggest that considerations related to personal finances are amongst the main difficulties encountered in being selfemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))