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Todd, Kevin & Jörg Heining (2024): The labor market impacts of employer consolidation: Evidence from Germany. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 87, 2024-01-04. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102508

Abstract

"We use detailed administrative data to study how acquisitions — specifically the acquisition of a plant by a firm with a similar plant in the same local labor market — affect workers. Using an event study framework with a control group of workers at unaffected plants, we find that acquisitions lead to employment losses for workers initially employed at the acquired firm, mainly associated with labor force withdrawals by older female workers. At the same time we find evidence of a rise in wages for workers initially employed at targets and at the acquiring firm who remain with the combined enterprise, concentrated among lower-wage workers. Our findings suggest that consolidations lead to a reduction in overall employment but a rise in rents per worker that lead to a pattern of losers and winners in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Wöhrmann, Anne Marit, Corinna Brauner-Sommer & Alexandra Michel (2024): When reality falls short of preferences: a response surface analysis of working time arrangements and older employees' work ability expectations. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 41-53. DOI:10.1007/s41449-023-00410-5

Abstract

"In Zeiten von Arbeitskräftemangel und steigendem Alter für die Regelaltersrente wird es immer wichtiger, die Arbeitsfähigkeit älterer Beschäftigter zu erhalten. In dieser Studie gehen wir basierend auf der Person-Environment-Fit-Theorie davon aus, dass eine Arbeitszeitgestaltung, die nicht den individuellen Präferenzen älterer Beschäftigter entspricht, in negativem Zusammenhang mit der erwarteten Arbeitsfähigkeit steht. Dazu operationalisieren wir erwartete Arbeitsfähigkeit als das Alter bis zu dem man sich körperlich und geistig in der Lage fühlt in der aktuellen Tätigkeit weiterzuarbeiten. Wir nutzen eine Teilstichprobe von 4347 Beschäftigten im Alter von 50 bis 65 Jahren der BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung 2017. Ergebnisse polynomialer Regressionsanalysen und Response Surface Analysen zeigen, dass die erwartete Arbeitsfähigkeit geringer ist, wenn a) die tatsächliche Arbeitszeit die Wunscharbeitszeit übersteigt, und b) die Möglichkeit, den täglichen Beginn und das Ende des Arbeitstages zu bestimmen und c) die Möglichkeit, Arbeit und Privatleben zu trennen, hinter den jeweiligen Präferenzen der Beschäftigten zurückbleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Albinowski, Maciej (2023): Part-time Employment Opportunities and Labor Supply of Older Workers. (IBS working paper / Instytut Badan Strukturalnych 2023,07), Warszawa, 19 S.

Abstract

"I investigate the links between part-time employment opportunities and older workers' labor supply adjustments, focusing on the extensive and intensive margins. Utilizing data from 30 European countries in the period from 2011 to 2021, I construct a quasi-panel that compares individuals aged 60-64 with those aged 55-59 from five years prior. I find that the employees in sectors offering more part-time jobs are more likely to stay employed and that the total hours worked by these employees decrease at a slower rate than those of the employees in sectors imposing more rigid hours constraints. These results are most pronounced for women in manual occupation types but are significant across all examined worker categories. The positive relationship between part-time employment opportunities and the total hours older employees work is robust to various modifications in the empirical setup. However, this relationship is heterogeneous across countries and is least pronounced in the countries with a high availability of part-time jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Beznoska, Martin & Ruth Maria Schüler (2023): Lohnt sich der Hinzuverdienst bei vorgezogenem Rentenbezug? (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,40), Köln, 3 S.

Abstract

"Zum 1. Januar 2023 ist die Hinzuverdienstgrenze für vorgezogene Altersrenten gefallen. Rentnerinnen und Rentner, die vorzeitig mit Abschlägen oder abschlagsfrei in Rente gehen, können neben dem Bezug ihrer Rente unbegrenzt sozialversicherungspflichtig weiterverdienen. Die Abgabenbelastung ist jedoch relativ hoch, so dass die Arbeitsanreize eher gering sind." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Bianchi, Nicola, Giulia Bovini, Jin Li, Matteo Paradisi & Michael Powell (2023): Career Spillovers in Internal Labour Markets. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 90, H. 4, S. 1800-1831. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdac067

Abstract

"This article studies career spillovers across workers, which arise in firms with limited promotion opportunities. We exploit a 2011 Italian pension reform that unexpectedly tightened eligibility criteria for the public pension, leading to sudden, substantial, and heterogeneous retirement delays. Using administrative data on Italian private-sector workers, the analysis leverages cross-firm variation to isolate the effect of retirement delays among soon-to-retire workers on the wage growth and promotions of their colleagues. We find evidence of spillover patterns consistent with older workers blocking the careers of their younger colleagues, but only in firms with limited promotion opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Blank, Florian & Wolfram Brehmer (2023): Durchhalten Bis Zur Rente? Einschätzungen von Beschäftigten, Betriebs- und Personalräten. (WSI-Report 85), Düsseldorf, 13 S.

Abstract

"In öffentlichen Debatten wird gefordert, das Renteneintrittsalter zu erhöhen. Diese Forderung geht jedoch an der Realität der Beschäftigten vorbei. Viele schaffen es aus gesundheitlichen und sonstigen Gründen nicht, bis zum Rentenalter zu arbeiten. Dieser WSI-Report geht der Frage nach, ob und welche Beschäftigte sich in der Lage sehen, ihre aktuelle berufliche Tätigkeit bis zum Rentenalter durchhalten zu können. Ergänzt wird diese Selbsteinschätzung durch Angaben von Betriebs- und Personalräten, nicht nur zur Beschäftigungsfähigkeit, sondern auch zu Handlungsspielräumen der Betriebe zur Unterstützung der Beschäftigten. Datengrundlage sind die HBS-Erwerbspersonenbefragung und die WSI-Betriebs- und Personalrätebefragung 2021. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Mehrheit der Beschäftigten eher optimistisch ist, ihre aktuelle Tätigkeit bis zur Rente ausüben zu können. Allerdings zeigen sich erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen Beschäftigtengruppen, etwa zwischen Arbeiter*innen, Angestellten und Beamt*innen. Betriebs- und Personalräte äußern sich skeptischer zur Fähigkeit der Beschäftigten, bis zur Rente durchzuhalten. Gleichzeitig sehen sie aber Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung – Betriebe könnten mehr tun, um lange Erwerbskarrieren zu ermöglichen. Die aktuelle Situation wird aber als unzureichend eingeschätzt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Brugiavini, Agar & Petru Crudu (2023): The Role of Disability Insurance on the Labour Market Trajectories of Europeans. (Working papers / Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dipartimento di Economia 2023,20), Venezia, 81 S.

Abstract

"This work documents the role played by disability insurance, typically part of a wider public pension provision package, on the labour market trajectories and retirement decisions. We will first employ a machine learning approach to estimate a Transition Probability Model able to uncover the most likely labour market histories and then evaluate the effects of policy reforms, including reforms to the eligibility for disability insurance benefits. The main contribution is the introduction of disability insurance programs within a framework, which models the entire life course of older Europeans. This requires the detailed administrative eligibility criteria prevailing in each of the 11 countries from 1970 to 2017. Results show that the disability route and early retirement are substitutes. In addition, tightening eligibility rules of disability programs crowd out disabled workers, whose reductions in working capacities are correctly assessed, towards other compensatory schemes (e.g., unemployment benefits or early pension) in which working is not expected. On the contrary, individuals with over-assessed reductions in working capacities are the most reactive to disability policy restrictions. In conclusion, efficient disability assessment procedures are crucial for incentivising labour market participation without hurting individuals most in need." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Börsch-Supan, Axel H. & Courtney Coile (2023): The Effects of Reforms on Retirement Behavior: Introduction and Summary. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31979), Cambridge, Mass, 33 S.

Abstract

"The International Social Security (ISS) project compares the experiences of a dozen developed countries to study Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World. The project was launched in the mid 1990s and was motivated by decades of decline in the labor force participation rate of older men. The first phases of the project documented that social security program provisions can create powerful incentives for retirement that are strongly correlated with the labor force behavior of older workers. Since then, the dramatic decline in men's labor force participation has been replaced by sharply rising participation rates. Older women's participation has increased dramatically as well. This tenth phase of the International Social Security (ISS) Project is the third step in explaining rising participation at older ages. The first step investigated changes in health and education as potential causes and showed that they could not account for the extent of changes in labor force participation. As a second step, we documented that countries have undertaken numerous reforms of their social security programs, disability programs, and other public benefit programs available to older workers. We found that these reforms substantially reduced the implicit tax on work at older ages and that stronger financial incentives to work were positively correlated with labor force participation at older ages. In this volume, the third step of our analysis, we exploit the time-series and cross-national variation in the timing and extent of reforms of retirement incentives and employ micro-econometric methods in order to study whether the correlation between financial incentives and work at older ages is causal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dudel, Christian, Elke Loichinger, Sebastian Klüsener, Harun Sulak & Mikko Myrskylä (2023): The Extension of Late Working Life in Germany. Trends, Inequalities, and the East–West Divide. In: Demography, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 1115–1137. DOI:10.1215/00703370-10850040

Abstract

"The extension of late working life has been proposed as a potential remedy for the challenges of aging societies. For Germany, surprisingly little is known about trends and social inequalities in the length of late working life. We use data from the German Microcensus to estimate working life expectancy from age 55 onward for the 1941‒1955 birth cohorts. We adjust our calculations of working life expectancy for working hours and present results for western and eastern Germany by gender, education, and occupation. While working life expectancy has increased across cohorts, we find strong regional and socioeconomic disparities. Decomposition analyses show that among males, socioeconomic differences are predominantly driven by variation in employment rates; among women, variation in both employment rates and working hours are highly relevant. Older eastern German women have longer working lives than older western German women, which is likely attributable to the German Democratic Republic legacy of high female employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Enste, Dominik H., Martin Werding & Julia Hensen (2023): Lebensarbeitszeit im internationalen Vergleich. Die Bedeutung der Silver Worker für die Fachkräftesicherung. (Studie / Roman Herzog Institut 38), München, 39 S.

Abstract

"Viele Menschen würden gern weniger arbeiten und früher in Rente gehen. Allerdings passt dieser persönliche Wunsch nicht zur alternden Gesellschaft in Deutschland. Um den Mangel an Fach- und Arbeitskräften abzuschwächen und die Finanzierung der gesetzlichen Altersvorsorge zu stabilisieren, müsste die Lebensarbeitszeit vielmehr steigen. Wie dies gehen kann, welche Potenziale in den sogenannten Silver Workern – den 65- bis 69-Jährigen – liegen und wie Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich dasteht, damit beschäftigen sich Dominik H. Enste, Martin Werding und Julia Hensen in dieser RHI-Studie. Als empirische Basis dazu vergleichen die Autor*innen die Lebensarbeitszeit in Deutschland mit der in anderen OECD-Staaten. Sie zeigen – auch anhand von Best-Practice-Beispielen aus anderen Ländern –, wie sich Potenziale heben und das Arbeitsvolumen steigern ließen. Zudem plädieren sie dafür, die Erwerbsphase zu verlängern, indem das gesetzliche Renteneintrittsalter automatisch an die höhere Lebenserwartung wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Falkstedt, Daniel, Melody Almroth, Tomas Hemmingsson, Angelo D'Errico, Maria Albin, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Per Gustavsson & Katarina Kjellberg (2023): Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1137-1147. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4

Abstract

"Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose–response shape of the associations, and potential confounding efects of physical workload. Methods: Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-of. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose–response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Finsel, Julia S., Anne M. Wöhrmann & Jürgen Deller (2023): A conceptual cross-disciplinary model of organizational practices for older workers: multilevel antecedents and outcomes. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 22, S. 4344-4396. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2023.2199939

Abstract

"Due to population aging and its implications for organizations and societies, organizational practices for older workers (OPOWs) play a relevant role in multiple research disciplines. So far, most reviews on this topic operationalize organizational practices as antecedents of older workers’ outcomes. We extend this perspective by illustrating multilevel antecedents and outcomes of OPOWs. In doing so, we demonstrate how these organizational practices directly and indirectly affect older workers, organizations, and society and how, in turn, older workers, organizations and society impact OPOWs. Drawing on a literature review, we discuss key theories and present current empirical findings from multiple research disciplines to propose an integrated cross-disciplinary model with the potential to guide future research and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fitzenberger, Bernd, Christian Hutter & Doris Söhnlein (2023): Der starke Anstieg der Erwerbstätigkeit von Älteren ist ganz überwiegend dem Wachstum der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung geschuldet (Serie "Arbeitskräftesicherung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 02.05.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230502.01

Abstract

"Die Erwerbstätigkeit von Älteren, also in der Altersgruppe ab 50 Jahre, nimmt seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre deutlich zu. Dabei dominiert der Anstieg der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung, insbesondere bei den 60- bis 64-Jährigen. Auch der Anteil Selbstständiger in dieser Altersgruppe stieg in diesem Zeitraum an, zumindest bis zur Corona-Krise. Im Gegensatz dazu geht der Anteil ausschließlich geringfügig Beschäftigter bei Älteren seit den 2010er Jahren – mit Ausnahme der Personen ab 65 – zurück." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Focacci, Chiara Natalie, Gülin Öylü, Andreas Motel-Klingebiel & Susanne Kelfve (2023): The value of pension reforms for late working life: evidence from Sweden. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 79-89. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2023-0038

Abstract

"Purpose: Driven by the aim to increase the participation of older people in the labor force and to extend people's working lives, the Swedish Parliament passed a bill in 1998 to increase the pension eligibility age from 60 to 61 years and establish a notional defined-contribution (NDC) plan. In this article, the authors investigate the impacts towards the prolongation of working lives expected from such an intervention. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a multinomial probabilistic model based on Swedish registry data on the birth cohorts 1937–1938 (n  = 102,826) and observe differences in exit behaviour between eligible and non-eligible individuals. Findings: The authors find that the cohorts eligible to the pension reform exit the labor market at a later age compared to non-eligible cohorts at the 61-years cut-off. The authors also find that the effect persists in the long term. Furthermore, the authors find that both men and women are equally struck by the reform. Originality/value While there exist many descriptive reports and theoretical analyses on the costs and benefits of pension reforms, this study is the first one to empirically analyse the effect of the first European NDC pay-as-you go pension plan on the potential exclusion of old-aged workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Fürstenau, Elisabeth, Niklas Gohl, Peter Haan & Felix Weinhardt (2023): Working life and human capital investment: Causal evidence from a pension reform. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 84. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102426

Abstract

"In this paper, we analyze if an increase in the working life leads to more human capital investment via on-the-job training. We obtain RDD-estimates from a sharp date-of-birth cut-off, generated by a pension reform that increased the Early Retirement Age (ERA) by three years for many women in Germany. In our preferred specification, we find that this reform causally increased on-the-job training by 4.4 percentage points – a relative increase of 28.8 percent. We explore heterogeneityand additional outcomes and show that this effect is driven by the behavior of women with high initial levels of education. Our results speak to human capital models as well as policies towards extending or shortening working life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Gohl, Niklas (2023): Working Longer, Working Stronger? The Forward-Looking Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age on (Un)employment Behaviour. (CEPA discussion papers / Center for Economic Policy Analysis 63), Potsdam, 62 S.

Abstract

"Leveraging two cohort-specific pension reforms, this paper estimates the forward-looking effects of an exogenous increase in the working horizon on (un)employment behaviour for individuals with a long remaining statutory working life. Using difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches based on administrative and survey data, I show that a longer legal working horizon increases individuals' subjective expectations about the length of their work life, raises the probability of employment, decreases the probability of unemployment, and increases the intensity of job search among the unemployed. Heterogeneity analyses show that the demonstrated employment effects are strongest for women and in occupations with comparatively low physical intensity, i.e., occupations that can be performed at older ages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grzenda, Wioletta (2023): How Does the Statutory Retirement Age Affect Older workers' Employment in Relation to Individual and Work‐Related Factors? In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy online erschienen am 18.11.2023, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2023.2284570

Abstract

"Policies aimed at increasing employment among older people often focus on the statutory retirement age. Taking into account the characteristics of workers and work-related factors, we examine the impact of reaching the statutory retirement age on continuing employment. In addition to the use of survival trees, we propose a novel method to predict the probability of staying in employment based on an ensemble of survival trees. We focus on Poland as an example of a European country with a particularly low share of older workers in the labor force. Moreover, reform was carried out in Poland in 2017, lowering the previously raised pension eligibility age. Like other EU countries, pension eligibility in Poland starts after reaching the statutory retirement age. Our results suggest that the timing of retirement is determined by the statutory retirement age to a limited extent compared to other factors. In the case of women, a match of education and occupation, the employment sector, and holding a managerial position had a greater impact on continuing employment than reaching retirement age. In the case of men, the type of job contract had the greatest impact on continuing employment. Our findings indicate that the policies and initiatives aimed at extending working life should pay more attention to work-related factors and gender differences in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gudgeon, Matthew, Pablo Guzman, Johannes F. Schmieder, Simon Trenkle & Han Ye (2023): When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31807), Cambridge, Mass, 62 S.

Abstract

"This paper shows empirically that the non-employment effects of unemployment insurance (UI) for older workers depend in a first-order way on the structure of retirement policies. Using German data, we first present reduced-form evidence of these interactions, documenting large bunching in UI inflows at the age that allows workers to claim their pension following UI expiration. We then estimate a dynamic life-cycle model and use it to directly quantify how the effects of UI vary with retirement policies. Accounting for interactions across UI and retirement institutions also helps explain otherwise difficult-to-explain trends in the unemployment rate of older German workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Haas, Anette & Franziska Hirschenauer (2023): Alle Regionen in Deutschland altern – aber manche sehr viel stärker als andere. In: IAB-Forum H. 06.04.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230406.01

Abstract

"Die Alterung der Bevölkerung trifft Deutschland regional höchst unterschiedlich. Dies gilt auch für die Alterung der Beschäftigten. So schwankt die Zahl der älteren sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten (50 bis 59 Jahre) je 100 jüngere Beschäftigte (20 bis 29 Jahre) zwischen 91 in Mannheim und 315 in Oschatz. Besonders ungünstig ist die Altersverteilung in den ländlichen Regionen Ostdeutschlands. Hier droht vor allem im Pflegebereich ein Fachkräftemangel kritischen Ausmaßes" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Haist, Karin (2023): Demografischer Wandel – bekannte Herausforderungen, neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. Die Babyboomer verändern Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 76, H. 11, S. 3-7.

Abstract

"Der Anteil älterer Menschen an der Gesamtbevölkerung wird steigen, gerade durch das Vorrücken der Babyboomer-Jahrgänge ins Rentenalter. Das Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung prognostiziert einen Anstieg des Anteils der über 65-Jährigen von heute 22 % auf 28 % im Jahr 2040 und auf 30 % im Jahr 2060 (vgl. Abb. 3). Eine andere Zahl, die die Drastik der Veränderung deutlich macht: Schon 2035 wird es rund 20 Mio. Menschen über 67 Jahre geben – heute sind es 16 Mio. Unabhängig davon, was diese Veränderungen für die Gesellschaft von morgen bedeuten – zum Beispiel die bislang völlig ungelöste Frage, wer die Babyboomer pflegen soll, wenn sie hochaltrig werden –, werden auch heute schon große Verwerfungen deutlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hernaes, Erik, Tom Kornstad, Simen Markussen & Knut Røed (2023): Ageing and labor productivity. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 82. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102347

Abstract

"We exploit a policy-induced shift in the labor supply of elderly (age 63–67) workers in Norway to explore how aging of the workforce within existing firms is likely to affect labor productivity and the demand for younger workers. Our results are imprecise, but indicate that a higher share of age 63–67 workers increases total wage costs and has a small positive effect on labor productivity in the short run. Postponed retirement of existing elderly workers leads to a significant decline in the hiring of younger (below age 30) workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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Kalwij, Adriaan & Arie Kapteyn (2023): The Effects of Social Insurance Benefits on Leaving Employment at Older Ages in the Netherlands. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31546), Cambridge, Mass, 48 S.

Abstract

"In the Netherlands, from 1989 to 2013, in the age group 55-63 the annual exit rate from employment to receiving social insurance benefits in the following year decreased from around 17 percent to 7 percent for men, and from 14 percent to 5 percent for women. We found that less generous social insurance benefits have had small but significant negative effects on these exit rates: The annual exit rate to social insurance benefit receipt next year (at ages 56-64) would have been about 14 percent higher for both men and women in 2013 should social insurance benefits schemes of 1989 still have been in place. This increase amounts to staying, on average, three months longer in employment from age 55 onwards in 2013 than in 1989. These findings are driven to some extent by the reduction in the maximum duration of unemployment insurance benefits in 2007, but predominantly by making (early) retirement schemes actuarially fair from 2006 onwards. The increase in disability insurance's income replacement rate in 2006 has led to a slight increase in the exit rate from employment, conditional on eligibility. As the estimated effects of changes in the social insurance benefits from 1989 to 2013 on working beyond age 55 are relatively small, they suggest the importance of other factors such as changes in workers' skills, improved health (on which we provide some evidence), and social insurance's tighter eligibility criteria." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kortmann, Lisa Katharina, Stefan Stuth & Julia Simonson (2023): Digitalisation, Gender, and Training of Employees in the Second Half of Working Life in Germany. In: Soziale Welt, Jg. 74, H. 4, S. 589-613. DOI:10.5771/0038-6073-2023-4-589

Abstract

"Die Digitalisierung stellt neue Anforderungen an Arbeitnehende in sich wandelnden Berufen. Damit die Anpassung an neue Arbeitsanforerungen gelingt, kann Weiterbildung die zentrale Strategie für die Ausbildung  neuer Kompetenzen sein – insbesondere für ältere Arbeitnehmende. Die Digitalisieung in der Arbeitswelt wirkt sich unterschiedlich auf männliche und weibliche ªrbeitnehmende aus. Bislang gibt es jedoch wenig Literatur zu der Beziehung zwischen der Digitalisierung in Berufen und der Teilnahme an Weiterbildungen. D­ieser Artikel schließt diese Lücke und untersucht, (1) ob es einen Zusammenhang  zwischen der Weiterbildungsbeteiligung und dem Ausmaß der Digitalisierung in  den Berufen von Arbeitnehmenden in der zweiten Hälfte des Arbeitslebens gibt  und (2) ob es einen Geschlechterunterschied in diesem Zusammenhang gibt. ­Darüber hinaus werden diese Fragen im Hinblick auf den Wunsch der Arbeitnehenden, an zukünftigen Weiterbildungen teilzunehmen, untersucht. Auf Basis von ­Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys werden logistische Regressionen geschätzt und  für soziodemografische, arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungsbezogene Merkmale von ªrbeitnehmenden im Alter von 43 bis 65 Jahren in Deutschland kontrolliert. Es zeigen sich positive Zusammenhänge zwischen einer Veränderung des Digitaliierungslevels in den Berufen und der (gewünschten) Weiterbildungsbeteiligung.  Je ausgeprägter die Veränderung des Digitalisierungslevels in den Berufen, desto  stärker scheinen weibliche Beschäftigte in der Weiterbildungsbeteiligung gegenüber Männern benachteiligt zu sein." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kunz, Carolin & Catrin Millhoff (2023): A longitudinal perspective on the interplay of job demands and destructive leadership on employees' work ability in Germany. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 5, S. 735-745. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01962-z

Abstract

"Work ability as a predictor of early retirement or lengthy/frequent sick leaves becomes more and more relevant due to the demographic change. Therefore, factors, which affect employees' work ability, need to be further examined with a theoretical base. According to Karasek's job demands–control (JDC) model, high job demands and low control are related to poor employee health. The subsequent job demands–control support (JDCS) model proposed that a lack of support, also from leaders, has a negative impact on health indicators. This article looked at whether destructive leadership reinforces the negative influence of high job demands on employees' work ability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Lakomý, Martin (2023): Effects of digital skills and other individual factors on retirement decision-making and their gender differences. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1007/s10433-023-00784-9

Abstract

"Increasing the pension age as a dominant solution to population ageing does not bring desirable outcomes, if not accompanied by other essential measures in lifelong learning and fighting age discrimination. Moreover, rapid digitalization and automation in the labor market bring additional uncertainties for the growing group of older workers. The analysis is based on the SHARE data from Waves 5, 6, and 7 and examines predictors of retirement intentions by two different estimation methods. While digital skills are positively associated with a willingness to stay in the labor market in the random-effect modelling, fixed-effects regression shows no correlation between digital skills and retirement intentions. This difference means that digital skills do not correlate with retirement intentions once we control for time-invariant individual characteristics. Thus, increasing ICT literacy among older workers can have a very limited potential for extending working lives. In contrast to this result, starting to be self-employed, health improvement, having an additional grandchild, and losing a partner increase the willingness to work longer. The study identifies the factors shaping retirement intentions, which should be reflected in any effective social policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Madero-Cabib, Ignacio, Nicky Le Feuvre & Stefanie König (2023): Gendered retirement pathways across lifecourse regimes. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 43, H. 10, S. 2394-2423. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X21001781

Abstract

"In order to capture the rapidly changing reality of older workers, it is important to study retirement not as a one-off transition, but rather as a series of diverse pathways that unfold during the period before and after reaching the full retirement age. The retirement transitions of men and women have been shown to vary widely according to individual characteristics such as health, education and marital status, but also according to macro-institutional factors, such as welfare regimes and gender norms. While there is a consensus about the combined influence of institutional and individual factors in shaping retirement transitions, previous research has rarely included both levels of analysis. This study aims to close this research gap. Using a pooled-country dataset from three panel surveys, covering 11 nations, we examine the retirement pathways of 1,594 women and 1,105 men during a 12-year period (2004–2016) around the country- and gender-specific full pension age. Results show that retirement pathways diverge considerably across countries and lifecourse regimes. The distribution of men and women between the different pathways is also variable, both within and across societal contexts. More importantly, the influence of individual-level characteristics, such as education, on the gendering of retirement pathways is not identical across societal contexts. These findings provide useful insights into the gender-differentiated implications of policies aimed at extending working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Moghadam, Hamed Markazi, Patrick A. Puhani & Joanna Tyrowicz (2023): Pension Reforms and Couples' Labour Supply Decisions. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16039), Bonn, 43 S.

Abstract

"To determine how wives' and husbands' retirement options affect their spouses' (and their own) labour supply decisions, we exploit (early) retirement cutoffs by way of a regression discontinuity design. Several German pension reforms since the early 1990s have gradually raised women's retirement age from 60 to 65, but also increased ages for several early retirement pathways affecting both sexes. We use German Socio-Economic Panel data for a sample of couples aged 50 to 69 whose retirement eligibility occurred (i) prior to the reforms, (ii) during the transition years, and (iii) after the major set of reforms. We find that, prior to the reforms, when several retirement options were available to both husbands and wives, both react almost symmetrically to their spouse reaching an early retirement age, that is both husband and wife decrease their labour supply by about 5 percentage points when the spouse reaches age 60). This speaks in favour of leisure complementarities. However, after the set of reforms, when retiring early was much more difficult, we find no more significant labour supply reaction to the spouse reaching a retirement age, whereas reaching one's own retirement age still triggers a significant reaction in labour supply. Our results may explain some of the diverse findings in the literature on asymmetric reactions between husbands and wives to their spouse reaching a retirement age: such reactions may in large parts depend on how flexibly workers are able to retire." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Morris, Todd & Benoit Dostie (2023): Graying and Staying on the Job: The Welfare Implications of Employment Protection for Older Workers. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16430), Bonn, 44 S.

Abstract

"We study the welfare implications of employment protection for older workers, exploiting recent bans on mandatory retirement across Canadian provinces. Using linked employer- employee tax data, we show that the bans cause large and similar reductions in job separation rates and retirement hazards at age 65, with further reductions at higher ages. The effects vary substantially across industries and firms, and around two-fifths of the adjustments occur between ban announcement and implementation dates. We find no evidence that the demand for older workers falls, but the welfare effects are mediated by spillovers on savings behavior, workplace injuries, and spousal retirement timing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pimpertz, Jochen (2023): Länger arbeiten lohnt sich im Alter. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,65), Köln, 3 S.

Abstract

"Mit dem zunehmenden Fachkräftemangel wird gefordert, die Anreize für ein verlängertes Arbeitsleben zu stärken. Für Arbeitnehmer lohnt sich ein späterer Renteneintritt aber schon heute – sowohl mit Blick auf die monatliche Bruttorente als auch auf den Barwert der lebenslang zu erwartenden Rentenzahlungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Rohrbacher, Max & Hans Martin Hasselhorn (2023): The contribution of work and health-related lifestyle to educational inequalities in physical health among older workers in Germany. A causal mediation analysis with data from the lidA cohort study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0285319

Abstract

"Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the contribution of work factors and health-related lifestyle to educational inequalities in physical health among older workers in Germany by applying causal mediation analysis with longitudinal data. Methods: Data from the German lidA study was used. 2653 persons (53% female, 47% male) aged 46 (born 1965) and 52 (born 1959) at baseline were followed up for seven years with exposure and outcome assessments in 2011 (t0), 2014 (t1) and 2018 (t2). The total effect of education on physical health was decomposed into a natural direct effect (NDE) and a natural indirect effect (NIE) by using a sex-stratified causal mediation analysis with an inverse odds weighting approach. Baseline health, partner status and working hours were entered as a first set of mediators preceding the putative mediators of interest. All analyses were adjusted for age and migrant status. Results: Independent of the first set of mediators, work factors explained 21% of educational inequalities in physical health between low and high educated women and 0% comparing moderate versus high educated women. The addition of health behaviors explained further 26% (low vs. high education) and 20% (moderate vs. high education), respectively. Among men, net of the first set of mediators, work factors explained 5% of educational inequalities in physical health between low and high educated and 6% comparing moderate versus high educated persons. Additional 24% (low vs. high education) and 27% (moderate vs. high education) were explained by adding health behaviors to the models. Conclusions: To reduce educational inequalities in physical health among older workers in Germany, interventions to promote healthy behaviors are promising. Improving working conditions is likely an important prerequisite." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stiller, Michael, Nina Garthe & Hans Martin Hasselhorn (2023): Job quality trajectories among baby-boomers in Germany and their consequences for the motivation to work – results from the lidA cohort study. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 43, S. 1638-1660. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X21001343

Abstract

"In light of a large proportion of older workers leaving the German labour market in the near future, policy makers aim to extend working lives to ensure sustainability of the social security system. In this context, safe and healthy working conditions are considered a precondition for encouraging employment participation. To understand better the role of the work environment in pre-retirement years, we draw upon an established model of five job quality profiles for the German ageing workforce. We explored seven-year profile development and linked selected manual and non-manual job quality trajectories to the motivation to work (MTW) using data from the 2011, 2014 and 2018 assessments of the lidA cohort study (valid N = 2,863). We found that older workers shifted to physically less-demanding profiles. Individual profile stability was prevalent among one-third of the workers. In 2018, there was a higher MTW when job quality remained favourable or improved early, while later improvements were associated with lower MTW. Early deterioration of job quality was associated with lower MTW levels among workers with non-manual trajectories only. The results highlight the dynamic job quality situation of the older German workforce and the importance of adopting a person-centred perspective when investigating working conditions and its effects. They further underline the need to consider quality of work when designing and implementing strategies to extend working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Toczek, Lisa & Richard Peter (2023): Investigating the influence of work-related stress on early labour market exit: the role of health. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1007/s10433-023-00778-7

Abstract

"Early labour market exit of large birth cohorts will put pressure on the social security systems of many European countries, especially Germany. Despite political efforts, many people retire before the statutory retirement age. A well-known predictor of retirement is health, which, in turn, is influenced by psychosocial working conditions such as work-related stress. This study examined whether work stress is associated with early labour market exit. In addition, we investigated whether health mediates this association. Survey data of the German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation (lidA study) were linked to register data from the Federal Employment Agency, from which information on labour market exit was obtained (n = 3636). During a 6-year follow-up period, Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the influence of work-related stress and health on early labour market exit, adjusting for sex, age, education, occupational status, income and supervisor behaviour. Work-related stress was measured by effort–reward imbalance (ERI). Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate a possible mediation of the association between ERI and early labour market exit by self-rated health. Higher work-related stress increased the likelihood of early labour market exit (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.19–2.92). However, when including health in the Cox regression, the significant effect of work-related stress disappeared. Poor health was a risk factor for early labour market exit (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.26–1.76) independent of all confounders. The results of the mediation analysis showed that self-rated health mediated the association between ERI and early labour market exit. The balance between effort and reward at work plays a major role in improving the self-rated health of workers. Interventions that reduce work-related stress can help to improve health and thus to maintain older employees in the German labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Öylü, Gülin, Chiara Natalie Focacci, Luis Serratos-Sotelo, Andreas Motel-Klingebiel & Susanne Kelfve (2023): When we were young: how labour market attachment during mid-life affects labour market exit. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 245-262. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-08-2023-0189

Abstract

"Purpose: In this paper, the authors attempt to understand how labor market attachment during the ages of 30–59 influences individuals' transition out of the labor market. Design/methodology/approach Using high-quality Swedish register data, the authors follow individuals born in 1950 and observe their labor market attachment during mid-life and their exit from the labor market. Findings The authors find evidence that labour market attachment in different stages of the career is differently related to exit from the labor market. At the age of 30, as well as between the ages 50–59, low attachment is related with earlier exit from the labor market. On the contrary, low labour market attachment during the ages 40–49 is related with later exit from the labour market. However, regardless of age, lower labour market attachment increases the risk of work-related benefit receipt in the exit year. The authors also find evidence that gender, migration status and childhood socioeconomic disadvantages may represent obstacles to longer working lives, while high education is a consistent factor in avoiding early exit from the labour market. Originality/value This study provides insights on the link between labour market attachment in different stages of the career and the exit from the labor market as well as work-related benefits dependency in the year of exit." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Baier, Wilhelm & Brigitta Gruber (2022): Den Übergang in die Rente managen. In: Gute Arbeit, Jg. 34, H. 5, S. 23-27.

Abstract

"Der Fachkräftemangel ist akut – und nicht mehr zu leugnen. Im demografischen Wandel können und müssen Unternehmen mehr für den Erhalt der Gesundheit und der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ihrer Belegschaften tun. Es geht um wertvolle Lebensjahre für die Beschäftigten und die Betriebe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bal, P. Matthijs, Katharina Chudzikowski, Paul Jansen & Kilian Wawoe (2022): Individualized work arrangements and socio-economic factors in relation to motivation to continue working: a multilevel study of municipal influences. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 33, H. 18, S. 3629-3661. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2021.1928730

Abstract

"This paper introduces a socio-economic perspective on the relationships of idiosyncratic deals (i.e. i-deals) with motivation to continue working beyond retirement. On the basis of work adjustment theory, we expected that i-deals enable employees to engage in innovative behavior and professional development, through which they experience more work engagement, subsequently facilitating higher motivation to continue working. Moreover, on the basis of signaling theory, we introduced two socio-economic factors to explain when i-deals are most effective in the context of the current study among teachers: municipal child population growth and municipal unemployment. A study among 1,210 teachers in the Netherlands was conducted to test the mediation and moderation model. Results show positive indirect relationships of growth i-deals with motivation to continue working through innovative work behavior, professional development and work engagement, while indirect relationships were negative for accommodative i-deals. Moreover, child population growth boosted the relationships of i-deals, while unemployment accentuated the effects of professional development. The study contributes to the literature by showing the importance of socio-economic factors in explaining the relationships of i-deals and individualized HRM." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Carleton, Cheryl & Mary T. Kelly (2022): Happy at Work - Possible at Any Age? (Villanova School of Business working paper 51), Villanova, PA, 31 S.

Abstract

"With the growing attachment of older workers to the labor force and their engagement in alternative work arrangements, it is important to investigate the characteristics of older cohorts of individuals who are in the labor market and the factors that influence job satisfaction, as job satisfaction may be a predictor of which older individuals are likely to continue to work and in what type of work arrangement. This study uses several recent years of the General Social Survey to both explore the characteristics of older workers and investigate what contributes to job satisfaction, controlling for both gender and work arrangement. It splits the sample of workers into two cohorts to test for differences in job satisfaction between those who are nearing retirement age (55-64) and those who continue to work post the traditional retirement age (65-80). For the sample as a whole, and similar to other studies, we find that job satisfaction is higher for women and for those who work in alternative work arrangements as compared to those in regular jobs. We also find that there are differences in what contributes to job satisfaction between the two groups of older workers. These outcomes may inform firms about what they might do in order to keep these workers as well as informing the government on whether it is necessary to rethink how some benefits are both provided and paid for." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Deller, Jürgen & Ulrich Walwei (2022): Workforce age trends and projections. In: H. Zacher & C. W. Rudolph (Hrsg.) (2022): Age and Work, S. 25-43.

Abstract

"This chapter addresses driving forces of employment-to-population rates for older workers. To that end, it compares and analyzes the process of aging in both the population and the workforce. Adopting a global perspective, the chapter first takes a look at worldwide population developments in past, present and future, followed by a comparison of trends in ten industrial countries representing three continents, diverse cultural backgrounds and notable differences in their economic and social development. The third section focuses in more depth on four short case studies that appear to be particularly prototypical for different contexts. Given the high variance in cultures of work and welfare state systems in and around Europe, we selected Germany, Israel, Italy and Sweden to examine the situation of older workers and related developments. Each country stands for a specific configuration, e.g. because it may represent a trend reversal, a continuously outstanding performance or lasting problems. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and provides guidelines for further research in this context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis Group) ((en))

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Dellve, Lotta, Robin Jonsson, Marita Flisbäck & Mattias Bengtsson (2022): System and Life-Course Perspectives on Capability to Work and Capability Through Work. In: H. F. Erhag, U. L. Nilsson, T. R. Sterner & I. Skoog (Hrsg.) (2022): ¬A¬ Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing, S. 207-219. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_15

Abstract

"The capability approach is relevant to gaining a conceptual understanding of individuals’ abilities and motivation to work and to explore the potential consequences that various working conditions have for people when they reach old age. Here, the capability concept is complemented with system theory to understand the multi-component key resources for capability to work among older workers, and also the conversion factors – capability through work – at individual, micro, meso, macro and chrono-levels. The theoretical approach is exemplified by studies from the interdisciplinary field of work sciences. The chapter describes central working-life conditions, conversion factors for crafting capability to work and examples of patterns of interactions between capability to work and capability through work. To support practical applications, we suggest important conversion factors and patterns of interaction between capability to work and capability through working-life resources. In sum, having a reasonable degree of control and influence (freedom of choice) at work and opportunities to make individual deals and adjustments that match one’s values, abilities, competence and experience are important for individual preference of a long working life. This requires an organisation that focuses on the value of work and promotes a general learning climate through broad participation." (Author's abstract, © Springer) ((en))

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Di Novi, Cinzia, Paolo Paruolo & Stefano Verzillo (2022): The Role of Employment Protection Legislation Regimes in Shaping the Impact of Job Disruption on Older Workers' Mental Health in Times of COVID-19. (JRC working papers in economics and finance 2022,02), Brüssel, 32 S.

Abstract

"This study exploits individual data from the 8th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the SHARE Corona Survey to investigate the mental health consequences of COVID-19 job disruption across different European countries. It focuses on older workers (aged 50 and over) who were exposed to a higher risk of infection from COVID-19 and were also more vulnerable to the risk of long-term unemployment and permanent labour market exits during economic downturns. The relationship between job disruption in times of COVID-19 and older workers' mental health is investigated using differences in country-level employment legislation regimes in the EU. European countries are clustered into three macro-regions with high, intermediate and low employment regulatory protection regulations, using the Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) aggregate score proposed by the OECD. Results reveal a clear EPL gradient: job disruption has a positive and significant impact on older workers' psychological distress especially in those countries where EPL is more binding. The present findings suggest possible mitigating measures for older unemployed in the EU countries with higher Employment Protection legislation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Drydakis, Nick, Anna Paraskevopoulou & Vasiliki Bozani (2022): A Field Study of Age Discrimination in the Workplace: The Importance of Gender and Race. Pay the Gap. (IZA discussion paper 15567), Bonn, 33 S.

Abstract

"The study examines whether age intersects with gender and race during the initial stage of the hiring process and affects access to vacancies outcomes and wage sorting. In order to answer the research question the study collects data from four simultaneous field experiments in England. The study compares the labour market outcomes of younger White British men with those of older White British men and women, and with those of older Black British men and women. The study concentrates on low-skilled vacancies in hospitality and sales in the private sector. The results of this study indicate that older White British men and women, as well as older Black British men and women, experience occupational access constraints and are sorted into lower-paid jobs than younger White British men. The level of age discrimination is found to be higher for Black British men and women. In addition, Black British women experience the highest level of age discrimination. These patterns may well be in-line with prejudices against racial minority groups and stereotypical sexist beliefs that the physical strengths and job performance of women decline earlier than they do for men. This research presents for the first-time comparisons of access to vacancies and wage sorting between younger male racial majorities and older male racial majorities, older female racial majorities, older male racial minorities, and older female racial minorities. In addition, the driven mechanism of the assigned differences is explored. Because the study has attempted to minimise the negative employer stereotypes vis-à-vis older employees, with respect to their motivation, productivity, and health, such prejudices against older individuals may be considered Taste-based discrimination. If prejudices against older individuals are present, then anti-discrimination legislation may be the appropriate response, especially for racial minorities and women. Eliminating age discrimination in selection requires firms to adop" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ebener, Melanie, Nina Garthe, Marieke Dettmann, Rebecca Ruhaas & Hans Martin Hasselhorn (2022): Auswirkungen des Wandels der Arbeit auf Gesundheit und Beschäftigung bei älteren Erwerbstätigen in Deutschland. Abschlussbericht zum Vorhaben lidA III : Laufzeit 1.11.2017 – 31.03.2021, Bericht vom 15.07.2021. 168 Seiten.

Abstract

"Die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und der technische Fortschritt verändern die Arbeitsbedingungen der Beschäftigten, Digitalisierung und Flexibilisierung der Arbeit nehmen zu. Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels ist unter den Beschäftigten ein wachsender Anteil Älterer von diesen Veränderungen betroffen. Die Auswirkungen auf diese Gruppe sind noch nicht einzuschätzen. Potenziale zeichnen sich ebenso ab wie Risiken, sowohl für den Einzelnen als auch (in der Folge) für Unternehmen und Gesellschaft. Ziel dieses Projektes war es, aus Arbeitsschutzperspektive interdisziplinär zu untersuchen, wie sich aktuelle Aspekte des Wandels der Arbeit auf Gesundheit, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Erwerbsteilhabe bei Erwerbstätigen ab dem 46. Lebensjahr auswirken. In der seit 2009 laufenden repräsentativen lidA-Kohortenstudie (leben in der Arbeit - www.lida-studie.de) wurden sozialversichert Beschäftigte der Geburtsjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 (‚Babyboomer‘) in 3-Jahres-Abständen (NWelle1(2011) = 6.585, NWelle2(2014) = 4.244) zu Arbeit, Gesundheit, Erwerbsteilhabe und persönlichen Rahmenbedingungen befragt. Die dritte Erhebungswelle 2017 legte ihren Schwerpunkt auf die Themen Digitalisierung und Flexibilisierung der Arbeit im höheren Erwerbsalter, Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit durch Tätigkeitswechsel sowie Teilhabe durch Arbeitsgestaltung zum Erhalt von Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit. Die Befunde und Erkenntnisse wurden aufbereitet für Fachpersonen, die mit betrieblicher Prävention und Arbeitsgestaltung befasst sind, die breitere Fachöffentlichkeit und die Wissenschaft." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Falck, Oliver, Valentin Lindlacher & Simon Wiederhold (2022): Elderly Left Behind? How Older Workers Can Participate in the Modern Labor Market. In: EconPol Forum, Jg. 23, H. 5, S. 16-19.

Abstract

"Digital skills are positively related to employment prospects and productivity of older workers. They also enable older workers to work in high-paying jobs. Fortunately, digital skills can be acquired and honed at all ages. Policymakers should incentivize employers to offer more training for the elderly and fund training programs in higher-education institutions. At present, the elderly show huge international differences in digital skills, larger than those for younger groups" (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Geyer, Johannes, Peter Haan, Svenja Lorenz, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): The role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 152-192. DOI:10.1111/irel.12293

Abstract

"This paper shows that labor demand plays an important role in the labor market reactions to a pension reform in Germany. Employers with a high share of older worker inflow compared with their younger worker inflow, employers in sectors with few investments in research and development, and employers in sectors with a high share of collective bargaining agreements allow their employees to stay employed longer after the reform. These employers offer their older employees partial retirement instead of forcing them into unemployment before early retirement because the older employees incur low substitution costs and high dismissal costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Giannini, Massimo, Cristiana Fiorelli & Barbara Martini (2022): Ageing in the labour market: a spatial VAR approach. In: Spatial Economic Analysis, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 538-556. DOI:10.1080/17421772.2022.2036361

Abstract

"This study examines the effects of ageing on per capita labour income, consumption and wealth of the working population in Italian provinces. Starting from the overlapping generations (OLG) model of perpetual youth, we estimate a spatial vector autoregressive (VAR) model to investigate how ageing affects the model’s dynamics. We find that ageing positively impacts per capita labour income and wealth, consequently having an adverse effect on consumption (over-accumulation). A simple exercise shows that over-accumulation is beneficial to the Italian social security system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hellwagner, Timon, Doris Söhnlein & Enzo Weber (2022): Tschüss, Babyboomer. In: Personalmagazin, Jg. 24, H. 8, S. 18-25.

Abstract

"Der "Geburtenberg" der Babyboomer ver­schiebt sich immer weiter in Richtung Rente. Und das ist nicht der einzige Faktor, der in den nächsten Jahren zu großen Personal­eng­pässen führen wird. Doch es gibt Maßnahmen, mit denen dieser Entwicklung begegnet werden kann, etwa Inves­titionen in Qualifizierung und eine Erhöhung der Erwerbs­­quote Älterer. Aber das funktioniert nur, wenn Wirtschaft und Politik zusammen­arbeiten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Liu, Qinyi & Belton M. Fleisher (2022): Job tasks and cognitive skill accumulation. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 54, H. 49, S. 5734-5753. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2052009

Abstract

"Individuals’ cognitive skills can be improved through learning by doing various tasks at work. We report the results of studying rich information on job tasks performed at the individual level based on three measures of job task complexity: (i) overall job complexity, (ii) analytical task intensity, and (iii) interactive task intensity. Controlling for task selection, we show that both overall job task complexity and analytical tasks can contribute to the development of a worker’s cognitive skills, while interactive tasks play a less significant role. Furthermore, we find that complex job tasks can offset the effect of aging on cognitive functioning. We show the implications of our research results for work design, cognitive interventions, and retirement policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lorenz, Svenja, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): Beware of the employer: Financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old-age employment. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 21. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2021.100363

Abstract

"We show that a stepwise increase in the normal retirement age (NRA) by up to five years and the introduction of actuarial pension deductions for retirement before NRA was ineffective in prolonging employment of older men after early retirement age. We argue that the ineffectiveness of the German pension reform resulted from a change in employer behavior that was mainly induced by a recession during the implementation period of the pension reform. Employers seem to have nudged their employees to use a bridge option that was introduced with the pension reform (partial retirement) or a traditional bridge option (unemployment). These bridge options allowed an early retirement age (ERA) of 60 instead of the only alternative early retirement option with an ERA of 63. Bridge options therefore offered employers an opportunity to terminate employment considerably earlier and exert more influence over the employment exit age. We argue that without a change in employer behavior, neither using one of the bridge options nor the earlier employment exit would have been utility maximizing for the individuals affected by the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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Lucifora, Claudio & Martina Repetto (2022): Big five personality traits and retirement decisions. In: Labour, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1111/labr.12210

Abstract

"We estimate the effect of the Big Five personality traits on the retirement decisions of individuals aged between 50 and 80 years in fourteen European countries, using wave 7 from the SHARE data. We investigate the probability of retirement and a measure of the distance between actual retirement and ordinary retirement age. Overall, we find that personality affects retirement decisions, and the effects are similar across gender. Openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion are generally associated with a delay in retirement decisions, whereas neuroticism anticipates the exit from the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Meng, Annette, Emil Sundstrup & Lars L. Andersen (2022): Employee perception of managers' attitudes towards older workers is associated with risk of loss of paid work before state pension age: prospective cohort study with register follow-up. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 1375-1383. DOI:10.1007/s10433-022-00720-3

Abstract

"It is increasingly urgent to retain older workers in the workforce. In the present study, we analysed the prospective associations between employees' perceptions of their managers' attitudes towards older workers, and of having experienced age discrimination in the labour market with the risk of loss of paid work before the state pension age. Questionnaire data from 10,320 currently employed workers aged 50 + on perceptions of managers' attitudes towards older workers and perceived age discrimination were collected at baseline in the SeniorWorkingLife study. Data on labour market affiliation were obtained from national registers at baseline and two-year follow-up. Results show that the perception of negative attitudes was prospectively associated with an increased risk of loss of paid work for three of the five negative attitudes “older workers create conflicts, their qualifications are outdated, and they cannot keep up with the pace and development”. Perception of positive attitudes was prospectively associated with a reduced risk of loss of paid work. The perception of age discrimination was prospectively associated with an increased risk of loss of paid work. The results strengthen existing evidence on associations between ageism and labour market attachment, by applying a longitudinal design and including actual change in labour market participation. However, some negative attitudes may be more detrimental to the older workers' labour market participation. Employees' positive perceptions of managers' attitudes reduced the risk. Good relations between employees and managers appear to be important for retaining older workers in the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Myllyntausta, Saana, Marianna Virtanen, Jaana Pentti, Mika Kivimäki, Jussi Vahtera & Sari Stenholm (2022): Why do men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women? a cohort study. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 599-608. DOI:10.1007/s10433-021-00663-1

Abstract

"Men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women, but the factors that contribute to this sex difference are unknown. This study aimed to examine sex differences in extending employment and the contribution of sociodemographic, work- and health-related factors to these differences. Participants of this prospective cohort study were 4,263 public sector employees from Finland who reached their individual pensionable date between 2014 and 2019 and responded to a survey on work- and non-work-related issues before that date. Extended employment was defined as continuing working for over six months beyond the individual pensionable date. We used mediation analysis to examine the contribution of explanatory factors to the association between sex and extended employment. Of the participants, 29% extended employment beyond the pensionable date. Men had a 1.29-fold (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.49) higher probability of extending employment compared with women. Men had a higher prevalence of factors that increase the likelihood of extended employment than women (such as spouse working full-time, no part-time retirement, low job strain, high work time control, and lack of pain) and this mediated the association of sex with extended employment by up to 83%. In conclusion, men were more likely to extend their employment beyond pensionable age than women. This difference was largely explained by men being more likely to have a full-time working spouse, low job strain, high work time control, no pain, and not being on part-time retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Richter, Götz, Anita Tisch, Hans Martin Hasselhorn & Lutz Bellmann (2022): Arbeit und Alter(n). Wie ein längeres Erwerbsleben möglich werden kann. In: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, Jg. 72, H. 20, S. 20-27.

Abstract

"In diesem Beitrag fragen wir nach den Gründen für das anhaltend frühe Erwerbsausstiegsalter eines großen Teils der Beschäftigten. Ausgangspunkt sind Konzepte zur Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Lebensverlauf. Unter der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit werden individuelle Voraussetzungen für eine generelle Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben summiert, also in gewisser Weise die Passung von Individuum und Arbeitsmarkt.02 Mit der Perspektive „dürfen“ betrachten wir dementsprechend zunächst den Arbeitsmarkt und die Beschäftigungspolitik der Betriebe gegenüber älteren Erwerbspersonen. Das Konzept der Arbeitsfähigkeit (work ability) adressiert die Gestaltungsebene von Erwerbsarbeit und umfasst die Faktoren, die eine Person in einer bestimmten beruflichen Situation in die Lage versetzen, ihre beruflichen Aufgaben erfolgreich zu bewältigen.03 Das Konzept strebt eine Balance zwischen beruflichen Anforderungen und Ressourcen wie Kompetenzen, Unterstützung durch Führungskräfte sowie Kolleginnen und Kollegen an und beschreibt dementsprechend, inwiefern Beschäftigte ihre konkreten Tätigkeiten ausüben „können“, analysiert also die qualifikatorischen und gesundheitlichen Voraussetzungen. Abschließend blicken wir auf die motivationalen Grundlagen der Erwerbsarbeit – das Arbeiten „Wollen“." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Riphahn, Regina T. & Rebecca Schrader (2022): Arbeitsmarkteffekte von Reformen des vorzeitigen Rentenbezugs. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Jg. 77, H. 1, S. 49-69.

Abstract

"Wir untersuchen den Rentenzugang wegen Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland und analysieren die kausalen Effekte von zwei Reformen des vorzeitigen Rentenbezugs. Im Zuge von Reform 1 wurde das Mindestalter für den abschlagsfreien Rentenbezug (normal retirement age, NRA) schrittweise von 60 auf 65 Jahre angehoben. Gleichzeitig wurde es möglich, mit Abschlägen in den vorzeitigen Rentenbezug zu gehen. Mit Reform 2 wurde das Mindestalter für den vorzeitigen Rentenbezug mit Abschlägen (early retirement age, ERA) schrittweise von 60 auf 63 Jahre angehoben. Wir untersuchen die Verhaltensreaktionen auf die Reformen mithilfe von administrativen Daten und Differenz-in-Differenzen (DID)-Modellen. Wir finden starke und signifikate kausale Effekte beider Reformen. Betroffene Individuen zögerten ihren Renteneintritt hinaus, bleiben länger erwerbstätig, verschoben Arbeitslosigkeit nach hinten und wichen auf alternative Wege für den Rentenzugang aus. Die Inanspruchnahme des Rentensystems insgesamt ging nach jeder der beiden Reformen um etwa 1,5 beziehungsweise 2 Monate pro Person zurück." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Stiemke, Philipp & Moritz Hess (2022): Determinants of (in-)voluntary retirement: A systematic literature review. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 348-358. DOI:10.1177/09589287221089465

Abstract

"Involuntary retirement transitions have a variety of negative consequences for individuals and society as they can lead to poorer health or lower wellbeing. Therefore, it is of high relevance to better understand the factors influencing the voluntariness of retirement transitions. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the known determinants of the voluntariness of retirement. Our final review includes 14 studies that empirically investigate this topic. Differentiated by micro-, meso- and macro-levels, we present the identified factors and discuss different ways of operationalizing voluntary or involuntary retirement. We found that most studies analyse individual factors. There is a gap in research on influencing factors at the company level as well as the welfare state level. In addition, it is of interest to examine whether and to what extent pension and labour market policy reforms have led to changes over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Toczek, Lisa, Hans Bosma & Richard Peter (2022): Early retirement intentions: the impact of employment biographies, work stress and health among a baby-boomer generation. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 1479-1491. DOI:10.1007/s10433-022-00731-0

Abstract

"In recent years, early retirement decisions have become more frequent in the European Union despite political efforts to prevent early retirement. This is a growing problem for the social security system. The study focuses on a life course approach using employment biographies and investigates the influence of work stress and health on early retirement intentions. Data of employees who were born in either 1959 or 1965 of the German cohort study on work, age, health and work participation are analysed (n = 3338). By linking survey and register data from 1993 to 2011, a sequence analysis is conducted to identify employment biographies. To analyse the relationship between the employment biographies and intended early retirement, a longitudinal path analysis is computed and includes work stress, measured through effort-reward imbalance, and self-rated health. The statistical analyses identify three adverse employment biographies, i.e. part-time work, episodes of unemployment or marginal employment. In addition, two favourable employment biographies are determined, characterised by full-time work and few episodes of unemployment. The results of the path analysis show that employment biographies with high work-related stress have early retirement intentions. Among adverse employment biographies, indirect effects of poor health on the association between work stress and early retirement intentions are found. Unexpectedly, among full-time workers, work stress is also associated with early retirement intentions with an additional mediation through health. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the life course perspective when analysing retirement decisions. In addition to health-promoting interventions in the labour market, effects of psychosocial factors should be focussed on in order to reduce early exits from the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Weber, Daniela & Elke Loichinger (2022): Live longer, retire later? Developments of healthy life expectancies and working life expectancies between age 50–59 and age 60–69 in Europe. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 75-93. DOI:10.1007/s10433-020-00592-5

Abstract

"Europe's population is ageing. Statutory retirement ages are commonly raised to account for continuous increases in life expectancy. In order to estimate the potential to increase statutory and consequently effective retirement ages further, in this study, we investigate the relationship between partial working life expectancy (WLE) and three health expectancies that represent health aspects important for work ability and employability between ages 50 and 59 as well as 60 and 69 for women and men in Europe. We also explore the association between these four indicators and the highest level of educational attainment. We apply Sullivan's method to estimate WLE and three selected measures that capture general, physical, and cognitive health status of older adults for 26 European countries since 2004. Over time, WLEs increased significantly in the younger age group for women and in the older age group for both sexes. The expected number of years in good physical health have continuously been higher than any of the other three indicators, while the expected number of years in good cognitive health have shown a noticeable increase over time. The investigation of the relationship between education and each life expectancy confirms the well-established positive correlation between education and economic activity as well as good health. Our results indicate potential to extend working lives beyond current levels. However, significant differences in the expected number of years in good health between persons with different levels of education require policies that account for this heterogeneity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wikström, Ewa, Karin Allard, Rebecka Arman, Roy Liff, Daniel Seldén & Roland Kadefors (2022): Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. In: H. F. Erhag, U. L. Nilsson, T. R. Sterner & I. Skoog (Hrsg.) (2022): ¬A¬ Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing, S. 221-232. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_16

Abstract

"Throughout the industrialised world, societies are ageing. These demographic changes have created a political and societal focus on an extended working life. Unfortunately, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about how such changes can be successfully implemented within organisations. In this chapter, we discuss this lacuna and specifically focus on organisational capability. We highlight workplace conditions and practices that may inhibit or promote the retention of workers beyond the previous norm for retirement. The novelty of an organisational capability approach is that it highlights workplace conditions that enable older people to use their abilities to perform acts of value and to achieve a better quality of life and greater participation in society. Workplace resources, capabilities and functions form a dynamic pattern. Factors that influence the work abilities of older workers are related in complex interactions and not merely in the format of simple cause and effect. When looking at retirement from the perspective of older workers, we have focused on aspects such as the individual’s ability to control the retirement process. Central to Sen’s idea is that individuals have different conversion factors, which means that, even though two individuals may have access to the same resources, they do not necessarily have the capability to enjoy the same functions. For example, the probability that an older person will remain employed will partially depend on his or her health, human capital and type of job. But two seemingly similar individuals can nevertheless have very different chances of remaining employed because their employer has implemented very different age management policies, or simply because they have different attitudes towards older workers. Since organisational capability makes it possible to focus on the interaction between the individual’s resources and preferences and the opportunity structure existing at the workplace (meso level) and embodied in the retirement system (macro level), much of the discussion and many of the policies and practices concerning older people can be related to the concept of capabilities." (Author's abstract, © Springer) ((en))

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Zink, Lina & Martin Brussig (2022): Erwerbsminderungsrente und Erwerbstätigkeit. (Altersübergangs-Report / Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universität Duisburg-Essen 2022,01), Duisburg, 18 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/75912

Abstract

"- Erwerbsminderungsrenten sollen den Einkommensausfall bei dauerhafter Erkrankung abfangen. Sie sind zu Beginn grundsätzlich zu befristen, um die Rückkehr in Erwerbstätigkeit zu unterstützen. Immerhin etwa die Hälfte der Erwerbsminderungsrenten ist jedoch von Beginn an unbefristet. - Für drei Viertel der Erwerbsminderungsrentner*innen ist nach Beginn der Rente Erwerbstätigkeit nicht von Bedeutung. Innerhalb von sechseinhalb Jahren ist etwa jede*r Siebte verstorben, und etwa jede*r Achte in Altersrente gewechselt. - Unter den Personen mit Erwerbstätigkeit nach der Bewilligung einer Erwerbsminderungsrente ist der Anteil derjenigen mit (versuchter) Rückkehr in Erwerbstätigkeit sowohl bei Personen mit unbefristeter als auch befristeter Rente gleich niedrig (ca. 8 bzw. 9 Prozent) – ein Hinweis darauf, dass Anreiz bzw. Möglichkeit eines Wiedereinstiegs bei Zeitrenten nicht höher als bei unbefristeten Renten ist. - Selbst wenn mit Erteilung einer Zeitrente die Perspektive auf Erwerbstätigkeit ausgerichtet ist, schlägt sich dies kaum bei Rehabilitationen nieder. Nur eine knappe Hälfte derjenigen mit Zeitrente erhielten eine Rehabilitationsmaßnahme der Rentenversicherung, unter denen mit einer unbefristeten Rente waren es etwa ein Drittel." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Zwick, Thomas, Mona Bruns, Johannes Geyer & Svenja Lorenz (2022): Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100387

Abstract

"Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in employment. An important at-risk group comprises older employees who have worked in demanding jobs for many years. This group may be particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of employees in low- and high-demand jobs, we exploit the quasinatural experiment of a cohort-specific pension reform that increased the early retirement age for women from 60 to 63 years. Based on a large administrative dataset, we use a regression-discontinuity approach to estimate the labor market reactions. Surprisingly, we find the same relative employment increase of about 25% for treated women who were exposed to low and to high job demand. For older women in demanding jobs, we also do not find substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the abolished early retirement option required high labor market attachment. Thus, we argue that this eligibility rule induced a positive selection of healthy workers into early retirement. We propose alternative policies that protect workers exposed to high job demand better against the negative consequences of being unable to reach their statutory retirement age in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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Abeliansky, Ana Lucia & Holger Strulik (2021): Health and Aging before and after Retirement. (CESifo working paper 9370), München, 35 S.

Abstract

"We investigate health and aging before and after retirement for specific occupational groups. We use five waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and construct a frailty index for elderly men and women from 10 European countries. Occupational groups are classified according to low vs. high education, blue vs. white collar color, and high vs. low physical or psychosocial job burden. Controlling for individual fixed effects, we find that, regardless of the used classification, workers from the first (low status) group display more health deficits at any age and accumulate health deficits faster than workers from the second (high status) group. We instrument retirement by statutory retirement ages (“normal” and “early”) and find that the health of workers in low status occupations benefits greatly from retirement, whereas retirement effects for workers in high status occupations are small and frequently insignificant. We also find that workers from low status occupations always have higher health deficits, i.e. we find evidence for an occupational health gradient that widens with increasing age, before and after retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bellmann, Lutz (2021): Erwerbstätigkeit, -minderung und -unfähigkeit, Pfade in die Rente. In: G. Richter (Hrsg.) (2021): Arbeit und Altern, S. 25-37, 2021-01-02. DOI:10.5771/9783748909378-25

Abstract

"In diesem Beitrag konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Erwerbsbeteiligung Älterer im Zeitraum von 1995 bis 2018 deutlich erhöht hat. Dies liegt auch an der zunehmenden Erwerbsbeteiligung der Frauen. Ältere Beschäftigte verbleiben immer länger in den Betrieben, in denen sie bereits länger beschäftigt sind. Dagegen tun sich Ältere, die einen neuen Arbeitsplatz suchen, nach wie vor schwer, einen neuen Arbeitsplatz zu finden. Dies gilt vor allem für ältere Arbeitslose. Obwohl die Aufrechterhaltung der Kompetenzen, Gesundheit und Motivation sowie die Reduktion arbeitsplatzbezogener Anforderungen und Belastungen für die Erhaltung der Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit Älterer anerkannt sind, ist die Verbreitung entsprechender betrieblicher Maßnahmen nach wie vor gering. Trotz der zunehmenden Bedeutung der Notwendigkeit der Weiterentwicklung von Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen in der modernen Arbeitswelt für alle Altersgruppen, bestehen Defizite vor allem bei kleineren und mittleren Betrieben. Diese Entwicklungen stehen im Widerspruch zur Notwendigkeit der Integration der Älteren in die Beschäftigung, deren zunehmende Erwerbsbeteiligung den Rückgang des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials bei wieder sinkender Migration, kleineren Geburtskohorten und des Übergangs der „Baby-boomer-Generation“ in den Ruhestand kompensieren müsste." (Textauszug, © 2021 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft)

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Berti, Nicola, Serena Finco, Olga Battaïa & Xavier Delorme (2021): Ageing workforce effects in Dual-Resource Constrained job-shop scheduling. In: International Journal of Production Economics, Jg. 237. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108151

Abstract

"Currently, the ageing population is getting higher attention in production systems due to the increasing percentage of the ageing workforce, which persists longer in the working environment. Older workers are more vulnerable because of a possible decrease in physical capacities but can have a higher experience level. It is important to evaluate these factors during production process decisions and adapt the working environment to such workers. In such a way, production systems performance and workers' well-being are jointly achieved. In companies aiming to include these aspects, digitalisation and automation can provide tools that can be used at tactical, strategic or operational levels. For example, at the operational level, wearable sensors, smart devices or trackers can be used in analysing the working time, effort and physical fatigue of operators via human-energy expenditure. These measures can be used to assess the required recovery time. However, the most challenging step is to include these measures in the decision-making process to organise the working process for operators according to their profiles and health restrictions. In this paper, we show how fatigue can be incorporated into operational processes such as scheduling in the context of a Dual-Resource Constrained (DRC) job shop. We consider several models to integrate rest allowance into the scheduling process and present a heuristic approach to assign operations to workers and machines. The impact of rest allowance on system performance is measured and managerial insights are provided." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bertogg, Ariane, Tiziana Nazio & Susanne Strauss (2021): Work–family balance in the second half of life. Caregivers' decisions regarding retirement and working time reduction in Europe. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 485-500. DOI:10.1111/spol.12662

Abstract

"This article investigates how different types of informal caregiving - upward, lateral and downward - impact men's and women's decisions to retire or to reduce their working hours, and how welfare policy characteristics moderate the linkage between informal care provision and employment participation. The analyses are based on six waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We exploit the data's longitudinal structure by applying fixed-effects regression models with lagged, time-varying country characteristics. The results show that, in most cases, upward caregiving to parents is less relevant for deciding to remain in the labour market than lateral care (especially to siblings, friends and neighbours) and downward grandchild care. The welfare context moderates the impact of caregiving on labour market participation, with variation between the different types of care provided." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2021): Do Firms Hire Relatively More Older Workers? Evidence from Germany. (HdBA discussion papers in labour economics / Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2021-05), Mannheim, 33 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses how demographic changes affect the hiring of older workers. Do firms adjust their hiring behaviour to an ageing society? Combining data at the firm level and the administrative district level, we analyse the hiring behaviour of firms. Our findings suggest that firms with an ageing workforce hire relatively more older workers. Since the willingness to hire older workers also increases with the share of older unemployed, the propensity to employ older people does generally rise with an ageing labour force. Also, part-time employment induces firms to engage more older workers but this effect disappears for large firms. In contrast, partial retirement regulations have a negative effect on hiring older workers which reveals unintended incentives of the German law on this matter. Finally, firms with a higher share of educated personnel hire more older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2021): Stellen Unternehmen relativ mehr ältere ArbeitnehmerInnen ein? In: Ökonomenstimme H. 22.10.2021, o. Sz.

Abstract

"Der demographische Wandel lässt die Erwerbsbevölkerung altern. Wie reagieren Unternehmen mit ihrem Einstellungsverhalten auf den alternden ArbeitnehmerInnenpool? In einer Paneldatenanalyse wird die Wirkung der Alterung der Erwerbspersonen auf den Anteil von 50- bis 64-jährigen ArbeitnehmerInnen untersucht, den Unternehmen einstellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Busch, Fabian, Robert Fenge & Carsten Ochsen (2021): Do Firms Hire More Older Workers? Evidence from Germany. (CESifo working paper 9219), München, 33 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses how demographic changes of the labour force affect labour demand. Do firms adjust their hiring behaviour to an ageing society? Combining data at the firm level and the administrative district level, we analyse the hiring behaviour of firms. Our findings suggest that firms with an ageing workforce hire relatively more older workers. Since the willingness to hire older workers also increases with the share of older unemployed, the propensity to employ older people does generally rise with an ageing labour force. Also, part-time employment induces firms to engage more older workers but this effect disappears for large firms. In contrast, partial retirement regulations have a negative effect on hiring older workers which reveals unintended incentives of the German law on this matter. Finally, firms with a higher share of educated personnel demand more older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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D'Errico, Angelo, Hermann Burr, Dagmar Pattloch, Norbert Kersten & Uwe Rose (2021): Working conditions as risk factors for early exit from work - in a cohort of 2351 employees in Germany. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 94, H. 1, S. 117-138. DOI:10.1007/s00420-020-01566-x

Abstract

"We would assess the possible impact of a range of physical and psychosocial working conditions on early exit from paid employment (i.e., before retirement age) in a representative employee population in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Eckrote-Nordland, Marissa Dae, Matthew M. Piszczek, Christopher Ruhm, Mary Hamman, Peter Berg & Daniela Hochfellner (2021): Three Essays in Labor Economics. Michigan, 86 S. DOI:10.25335/ks2e-de95

Abstract

"This dissertation is comprised of three chapters analyzing how establishments react to increases in pensionable age. Chapter 1: Understanding the Impact of Postponed Retirements on the Hiring Decisions of Firms The solvency of public pension systems in countries with pay-as-you-go pension schemes have led many of these countries to adopt changes in the age of eligibility for full-benefits. One such country is Germany who implemented a change in their pensionable age in a major reform enacted in 1992. There have been multiple studies that have looked at the effectiveness of this reform in terms of older workers delaying their retirements. However, less is known about how firms have reacted to these changes and if these changes in policy have caused firms to change their hiring behavior. Using administrative linked employer-employee data I exploit pre-policy variation in worker age distributions to serve as a source of identification for studying how employers reacted in-terms-of hiring behavior. I find that firms that had a higher share of older workers, and thus were impacted more by the change in pensionable age, decreased their hiring. For a one percentage-point increase in the share of workers who are predicted to have retired under the old pension system the share of workers that are new hires decreases by 0.324 percentage points. This is a 2.16% decrease at the mean. When smaller age bins are studied, I find that this negative impact is found for those aged under 25 and those age 25-34. In contrast there is a positive impact on individuals age 45-54, 55-64, and over 65. When looking at contract types there is an over 7% decrease in the hires of trainees and an over 10% increase in the hires of workers on partial retirement contracts. Chapter 2: Effect of Postponed Retirements on Wage Growth of Younger Workers (with Peter Berg, Mary Hamman, Daniela Hochfellner, Matthew M. Piszczek and Christopher Ruhm) This paper uses linked-employer-employee data to examine the effects of postponed retirements on the wage progression of younger workers within establishments. A German pension reform is the source of identification. We find no evidence of slower wage growth. Instead we find faster wage growth, especially among workers aged 41 to 57. We cannot rule out separations as a mechanism, but patterns in estimates by age and tenure are not consistent with layoffs. Instead, we find evidence of less frequent promotions and we interpret the wage findings as consistent with compensating wage differentials for postponed promotions Chapter 3: Pension Reforms and their Implications for Establishment Downsizing (with Peter Berg, Mary Hamman, Daniela Hochfellner, Matthew M. Piszczek and Christopher Ruhm) While the empirical literature on the effects of pension reform on workers is broad, less is known about the impact on employers. Yet reforms that create incentives to postpone retirement may have extensive effects on employer labor demand and labor costs, especially in settings where there are strict legal protections against age discrimination in employment. Although public pension system reforms generally are structured to treat all workers within the same birth cohort similarly, the impact on employers may vary substantially due to differences in the age composition of their employees. Using this variation as a source of identification, we examine whether the differential impact of pension reform leads to differences in the incidence of workforce downsizing, a sign of possible financial distress. To ensure estimates are not biased due to attrition, we also model associations between the impact of pension reform and establishment closures and find no association. Results for downsizing consistently show establishments with a higher share of older workers are more likely to experience downsizing. When we segment workers within establishments by age, the absolute changes in downsizing probabilities are highest for younger workers. Preliminary results indicate works councils may increase the risk of downsizing for older workers and protect employment for young and prime workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grimm, Christopher (2021): Beschäftigungsquoten unter Berücksichtigung der Anhebung der Regelaltersgrenze. (Methodenbericht der Statistik der BA), Nürnberg, 53 S.

Abstract

"Zur Abbildung der relativen Beschäftigungssituation berichtet die Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit regelmäßig über Beschäftigungsquoten. Dabei werden die (sozialversicherungspflichtig) Beschäftigten in Relation zur Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter gesetzt. Bisher bezog sich das erwerbsfähige Alter in den Beschäftigungsquoten auf die Altersgruppe 15 bis unter 65 Jahre bzw. bei Teilaltersgruppen des Arbeitsmarktes auf eine Abgrenzung innerhalb dieses Intervalls. Zukünftig wird die stufenweise Erhöhung der Regelaltersgrenze in Deutschland von 65 Jahren (vor 2012) auf 67 Jahre (ab 2031) berücksichtigt. Ab Ende Oktober 2021 steht die neue Beschäftigungsquote für die Altersgruppe 15 Jahre bis Regelaltersgrenze im Mittelpunkt der Berichterstattung. Deren Altersabgrenzung wird jährlich angepasst und vollzieht damit die stufenweise Erhöhung der Regelaltersgrenze nach. In den ersten Jahren nach Beginn der Anhebung der Regelaltersgrenze war es vertretbar, zur Darstellung der relativen Beschäftigungssituation von Personen im erwerbsfähigen Alter auf Personen unter 65 Jahren abzustellen. Die sich daraus ergebende Ungenauigkeit bei der Beschreibung der relativen Beschäftigungssituation von Personen im erwerbsfähigen Alter war sehr gering. Im Jahr 2020 lag die Regelaltersgrenze aber schon bei 65 Jahren und 8 Monaten (Jahrgang 1954) bzw. 65 Jahren und 9 Monaten (Jahrgang 1955). Mit jeder weiteren Anhebungsstufe käme es somit zu zunehmenden Abweichungen zwischen dem, was die auf das erwerbsfähige Alter bezogenen Beschäftigungsquoten abbilden sollen, und dem, was sie tatsächlich abbilden. Der Unterschied zwischen der (sozialversicherungspflichtigen) Beschäftigungsquote mit einer stufenweisen Erhöhung der Regelaltersgrenze und der (sozialversicherungspflichtigen) Beschäftigungsquote mit einer festen Regelaltersgrenze von 65 Jahren lag am 30.06.2020 bei -0,5 Prozentpunkten (60,4 Prozent gegenüber 60,9 Prozent), nachdem er zum 30.06.2013 nur -0,03 Prozentpunkte betragen hatte. In diesem Bericht wird neben den Details und Effekten der Umstellung auch aufgezeigt, an welche methodischen Grenzen Berechnungsmodelle wie das der Beschäftigungsquoten bezüglich ihrer Präzision stoßen, auch wenn bei einem wichtigen Aspekt – wie hier bei der Altersabgrenzung – die Genauigkeit erhöht wird. Die methodischen Grenzen ergeben sich insbesondere daraus, dass Zähler und Nenner der Beschäftigungsquoten aus zwei unterschiedlichen Quellen stammen (Beschäftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und Bevölkerungsstatistik der statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder)" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lössbroek, Jelle, Bram Lancee, Tanja van der Lippe & Joop Schippers (2021): Age Discrimination in Hiring Decisions: A Factorial Survey among Managers in Nine European Countries. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 49-66. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaa030

Abstract

"This article analyses old-age discrimination in managers' hypothetical hiring decisions. We expect that older job candidates are less likely to be hired than equally qualified younger candidates. Statistical discrimination theory argues that when recruiters have more information about the candidate's skills, age is less important for hiring decisions. Given inconclusive results of previous studies, we elaborate on the theory by focusing on the content rather than the amount of information. We argue that information is primarily influential if it debunks, rather than confirms, ageist stereotypes. To test this argument, a factorial survey was conducted among 482 managers in nine European countries. The findings show that older candidates indeed receive lower hire-ability scores, and this finding is robust across countries and sectors. However, we do not find that stereotype-rejecting information moderates age discrimination: it does not matter whether recruiters have information that debunks or confirms ageist stereotypes; age is equally important in both situations. Our findings suggest that for hiring decisions, the valuation of applicants' skills and their age are largely independent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Mayrhuber, Christine, Hedwig Lutz & Ingrid Mairhuber (2021): Erwerbsaustritt, Pensionsantritt und Anhebung des Frauenpensionsantrittsalters ab 2024. Potentielle Auswirkungen auf Frauen, Branchen und Betriebe. Wien, 180 S.

Abstract

"Die Analysen zum gegenwärtigen Pensionsübertrittsgeschehen der Frauen zeigen große zeitliche Lücken zwischen Beschäftigungsbeendigung und Pensionsantritt. In der Beherbergung und Gastronomie sowie in den sonstigen wirtschaftlichen Dienstleistungen treten nur ein Drittel der Frauen direkt von einer aktiven Beschäftigung in eine Alterspension über. Der Pensionsübertritt aus Großbetrieben erfolgt zu zwei Dritteln direkt, in Betrieben mit weniger als 10 Beschäftigten hingegen nur zu einem Drittel direkt. Die untersuchten Betriebe aus den Branchen mobile Betreuung und Pflege, Einzelhandel und Gebäudereinigung sind auf die Anhebung des Frauenpensionsalters nicht vorbereitet und haben kaum erforderliche Maßnahmen gesetzt, etwa zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit. Die interviewten erwerbslosen Frauen sehen – vor allem aufgrund von gesundheitlichen Problemen und des Alters – bereits jetzt wenig Chancen, einen neuen Arbeitsplatz zu finden bzw. bis 60 Jahre erwerbstätig sein zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Richter, Götz (Hrsg.) (2021): Arbeit und Altern. Eine Bilanz nach 20 Jahren Forschung und Praxis. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 445 S. DOI:10.5771/9783748909378

Abstract

"In den 2020er-Jahren wird der Anteil der über 60-Jährigen in den Belegschaften weiter zunehmen. „Arbeit und Altern 2020“ bilanziert den Wissensstand zu Arbeit und Alter(n) sowie den Fortschritt bei Arbeitsgestaltung und Personalarbeit. Der Band stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, praktische Gestaltungsmodelle sowie betriebliche und tarifliche Regelungen vor. „Arbeit und Altern 2020“ bietet einen umfassenden Überblick in den Feldern Arbeitsmarkt, Personalmanagement, Lernen und Motivation, Arbeitsgestaltung, Gender und soziale Ungleichheit, Gesundheit sowie betrieblichen und tariflichen Vereinbarungen." (Verlagsangaben, © 2021 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft)

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Schönfeld, Simone, Chloé Charlotte Schröder, Jean-Baptist du Prel, Oliver Razum & Jürgen Breckenkamp (2021): Arbeitsbelastungen und Rehabilitationsbedarf bei älteren Erwerbstätigen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund – Ergebnisse der lidA Kohortenstudie. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 85, H. 2, S. 91-99. DOI:10.1055/a-1630-6628

Abstract

"Ziel der Studie: Der Bedarf an medizinischen Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen wird zukünftig durch die Erhöhung des Rentenalters und den demographischen Wandel steigen. Der Bedarf wird u. A. durch das Maß an Arbeitsbelastungen bestimmt. Ziel ist es zu untersuchen, ob Erwerbstätige mit Migrationshintergrund (EmM) häufiger hohen Arbeitsbelastungen ausgesetzt sind und häufiger einen hohen Bedarf als Erwerbstätige ohne Migrationshintergrund (EoM) haben. Ebenso wird geprüft, ob sich ein möglicherweise höherer Bedarf bei EmM durch höhere Arbeitsbelastungen erklären lässt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Sippli, Khira, Pia Schmalzried, Monika A. Rieger & Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht (2021): Challenges arising for older workers from participating in a workplace intervention addressing work ability. A qualitative study from Germany. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 94, H. 5, S. 919-933. DOI:10.1007/s00420-020-01639-x

Abstract

"Studies examining what renders workplace interventions to sustain and promote work ability of older workers successful have largely neglected older workers´ perspective. This paper outlines the results of a study with regard to older workers´ experiences and expectations of a workplace intervention. Based on these findings, some reflections on how to improve the design and the implementation of workplace interventions for older workers are provided." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Tophoven, Silke (2021): Ältere erwerbstätige Frauen und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit. In: G. Richter (Hrsg.) (2021): Arbeit und Altern, S. 129-140. DOI:10.5771/9783748909378-129

Abstract

"Der Anteil älterer Beschäftigter ist in den letzten 20 Jahren stark gestiegen. Dies zeigt sich besonders deutlich für Frauen: 2018 sind über die Hälfte der Frauen der Altersgruppe der 60- bis unter 65-Jährigen erwerbstätig,1998 waren es nur 11 %. Vor diesem Hintergrund müssen die Erwerbssituationen älterer erwerbstätiger Frauen in den Fokus rücken. Der Beitrag betrachtet die funktionale körperliche Gesundheit bei älteren erwerbstätigen Frauen in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Merkmalen ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit. Dabei zeigt sich unter anderem ein klarer sozialer Gradient in Hinblick auf das Anforderungsniveau der ausgeübten Tätigkeit." (Autorenreferat, © 2021 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft)

Zitatform

Turek, Konrad & Kène Henkens (2021): Participation in training at older ages: A European perspective on path dependency in life course trajectories. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 48. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100396

Zitatform

Vandenberghe, Vincent (2021): Work Beyond the Age of 50. What Role for Mental v.s. Physical Health? (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 796), Maastricht, 36 S.

Abstract

"This paper contributes to the literature on old employment barriers by exploring empirically the relative importance of mental v.s. physical health in determining work. It combines regression and variance decomposition analyses to quantify the respective role of mental v.s. physical health. The data used are from SHARE and inform in great detail on the health but also work status (i.e. employment and hours) of individuals aged 50+, interviewed between 2004 and 2017 in 21 European countries. The main result of the paper is that of the rather limited role of mental health | in comparison to physical health | in accounting for older individuals' work. The paper also shows that health (physical or mental) is much better at predicting old people's propensity to be in employment than the number of hours they work. Finally, the paper reveals that, in comparison to women, men's work is more driven by their health status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Walwei, Ulrich & Jürgen Deller (2021): Labor Market Participation of Older Workers in International Comparison. (IAB-Discussion Paper 16/2021), Nürnberg, 26 S.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive mit Treibern und Hemmnissen der Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Älteren. Der Fokus der Studie richtet sich auf Länderbeispiele, die prototypisch für bestimmte Kontexte stehen. Ausgehend von unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen am Arbeitsmarkt und wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Regulierungen in Europa und benachbarten Ländern wurden mit Deutschland, Israel, Italien und Schweden vier Länder ausgewählt, in denen der Entwicklung und Situation älterer Beschäftigter am Arbeitsmarkt nachgegangen wird. Jedes der ausgewählten Länder steht für eine spezifische Konstellation, sei es, dass eine Trendwende erreicht wurde, ein langfristig hoher Beschäftigungsstand realisiert werden konnte oder anhaltende Probleme zu beobachten sind. Die Fallbeispiele befassen sich u.a. mit rentenpolitischen Reformen sowie arbeitsmarktpolitischen Ansätzen zum Management alternder Belegschaften. Sie zeigen, dass es keinen Königsweg zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktsituation Älterer gibt. Unabhängig von staatlichen Politiken kommt der Entwicklung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit über den Lebenszyklus große Bedeutung bei. Mit Blick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen sind geeignete betriebliche Praktiken für das Management alternder Belegschaften unverzichtbar. Entscheidend sind dabei insbesondere Initiativen, die auf ein lebenslanges Lernen und ein gesundes Arbeitsumfeld zielen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Walwei, Ulrich & Jürgen Deller (2021): Labour Market Participation of Older Workers: Drivers and Obstacles. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 56, H. 6, S. 341-347. DOI:10.1007/s10272-021-1010-9

Abstract

"From an international comparative point of view the paper deals with driving forces and potential obstacles for the labour market participation of older workers. It goes into depth by focusing on four case studies that seem to be typical for different contexts. Germany, Israel, Italy and Sweden were selected in order to examine the development and the situation of older workers in detail. Each country stands for a specific configuration, e.g. because it may represent a trend reversal, a continuously outstanding performance, or lasting problems. The cases also provde information on pension reforms and approaches to better manage ageing workforces, in some cases including a new balance of work and retirement. Being aware of the different country situations, it becomes obvious that one size of politics does not fit all. Independent of national policies, employability over the life cycle should gain more attention. Regarding future developments, continuous skill improvement and a healthy work environment are indispensable to keep older workers in work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Walwei, Ulrich (2021): Ältere Erwerbspersonen in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Jg. 76, H. 3, S. 207-219.

Abstract

"Ältere Personen zählten zu den Gewinnerinnen und Gewinnern des Beschäftigungsaufschwungs zwischen der Finanzkrise und der Covid-19-Pandemie. Die Erwerbstätigenquoten der über 50-Jährigen nähern sich immer mehr denjenigen der jüngeren Altersgruppen an. Gleichzeitig legte auch die Zahl derjenigen Erwerbstätigen spürbar zu, die nach Erreichen der Regelaltersgrenze noch am Arbeitsmarkt aktiv sind. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie sich die Covid19-Pandemie bereits auf die Beschäftigungssituation älterer Erwerbspersonen ausgewirkt hat und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für deren zukünftige Partizipation am Arbeitsmarkt ergeben könnten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Ältere in der Tendenz zwar weniger häufig von Beschäftigungsverlusten betroffen sind, sich eine Rückkehr in den Arbeitsmarkt aber als schwierig darstellt. Durch die langanhaltende Krise und die wohl noch längere Zurückhaltung bei den Neueinstellungen könnte sich dieses Problem im Nachgang zur Covid-19-Pandemie als noch gravierender erweisen als in früheren Rezessionen. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass die gesundheitlichen Risiken der Covid-19-Pandemie für Ältere besonders hoch sind, was deren Erwerbsfähigkeit und -neigung sowie die Präferenz von Arbeitgebern beeinflussen kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

(2021): Arbeitsmarkt 65 plus. Doppelt so viele Erwerbstätige wie vor zehn Jahren. In: Sozialrecht + Praxis, Jg. 31, H. 8, S. 499-503.

Abstract

"Erwerbstätige müssen bis zur Rente immer länger arbeiten. Seit 2012 steigt das Renteneintrittsalter stufenweise von 65 auf 67 Jahre bis 2031, zuletzt wurde auch eine Anhebung danach auf 68 Jahre diskutiert. Schon jetzt sind ältere Menschen deutlich häufiger erwerbstätig als vor zehn Jahren: Im Jahr 2019 waren hierzulande acht Prozent der Menschen im Alter ab 65 erwerbstätig, wie das Statistische Bundesamt mitteilt. 2009 betrug ihr Anteil noch vier Prozent." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Blank, Florian, Markus Hofmann & Annelie Buntenbach (Hrsg.) (2020): Neustart in der Rentenpolitik. Analysen und Perspektiven. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 262 S. DOI:10.5771/9783748906889

Abstract

"Rentenpolitik ist und bleibt umstritten. Diskutiert werden Instrumente, aber auch grundlegende Ziele der Alterssicherung. Die Beiträge beinhalten Bestandsaufnahmen zum Alterssicherungssystem und Vorschläge zu seiner Weiterentwicklung. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der öffentlichen Rentenversicherung. Behandelt werden u.a. die Stellung der Grundrente in der Rentenversicherung, der Zusammenhang von Arbeit und Alterseinkommen, die Behandlung von Sorgearbeit in der Alterssicherung und die Entwicklung der Alterssicherung im demografischen Wandel. Drei Beiträge bringen zudem eine europäisch vergleichende Perspektive ein." (Autorenreferat, © Nomos)

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Bryson, Alex, John Forth, Helen Gray & Lucy Stokes (2020): Does employing older workers affect workplace performance? In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 59, H. 4, S. 532-562. DOI:10.1111/irel.12265

Abstract

"Using a panel of workplaces in Britain, we investigate the implications for businesses of employing older workers. Workplace labor productivity falls where the proportion of older or younger workers rises. These raw associations are attenuated somewhat after controlling for aspects of human capital. In contrast, there is no significant association between age shares and workplace financial performance, suggesting that any reluctance by employers to employ greater numbers of older workers may be misplaced." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Cho, Heepyung & Mark Borgschulte (2020): Minimum wages and retirement. In: ILR review, Jg. 73, H. 1, S. 153-177. DOI:10.1177/0019793919845861

Abstract

"The authors study the effect of the minimum wage on the employment outcomes and Social Security claiming of older US workers from 1983 to 2016. The probability of work at or near the minimum wage increases substantially near retirement, and previous researchers and policies suggest that older workers may be particularly vulnerable to any disemployment effects of the minimum wage. Results show no evidence that the minimum wage causes earlier retirements. Instead, estimates suggest that higher minimum wages increase earnings and may have small positive effects on the labor supply of workers in the key ages of 62 to 70. Consistent with increased earnings and delayed retirement, higher minimum wages decrease the number of Social Security beneficiaries and amount of benefits disbursed. The minimum wage appears to increase financial resources for workers near retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Dahl, Gordon B. & Matthew M. Knepper (2020): Age Discrimination across the Business Cycle. (NBER working paper 27581), 54 S. DOI:10.3386/w27581

Abstract

"A key prediction of discrimination models is that competition in the labor market serves as a moderating force on employer discrimination. In the presence of market frictions, however, recessions create excess labor supply and thus generate opportunities to engage in discriminatory behaviors far more cheaply. A natural question arises: does discrimination increase during recessions? We focus on age discrimination and test this hypothesis in two ways. We first use employee discrimination charges filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), along with an objective measure of the quality of those charges. For each one percentage point increase in a state-industry's monthly unemployment rate, the volume of age discrimination firing and hiring charges increases by 4.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Even though the incentive to file weaker claims is stronger when unemployment is high, the fraction of meritorious claims also increases significantly when labor market conditions deteriorate. This is a sufficient condition for real (versus merely reported) discrimination to be increasing under mild assumptions. Second, we repurpose data from a correspondence study in which fictitious resumes of women were randomly assigned older versus younger ages and circulated across different cities and time periods during the recovery from the Great Recession. Each one percentage point increase in the local unemployment rate reduces the relative callback rate for older women by 14%." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Gray, Gillian & Helen Lawton Smith (2020): Experience versus youth: An exploratory study of the motivations of older entrepreneurs. (CIMR research working paper 46), London, 23 S.

Abstract

"People over 50 have accumulated significant resources over their working lives. However, they can find it difficult to find a job after redundancy or they may become disenfranchised with traditional employment. Accordingly, they can often become an under-used economic resource. With an ageing population, a solution to both the UK Government’s and individuals’ challenges could be entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial opportunities have grown significantly in the last two decades. Contrary to media perception older people are more successful than their younger counterparts. Through the three theoretical concepts of motivation, resources and environmental determinants, this study looks at the factors that influence individuals over 50 to switch from traditional employment to entrepreneurship. The research was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs based in London, who have had professional or managerial careers. The findings revealed that there are complex interdependences among the three concepts explored, and that contrary to previous research, neither push or pull motivations were predominant. Environmental determinants were found to have significant impact; an area that has had little attention in previous research focussed on the over 50s." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hasselhorn, Hans-Martin, Martina Michaelis & Peter Kujath (2020): Die betriebsärztliche Betreuung von Erwerbstätigen. Ergebnisse der repräsentativen lidA-Studie. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 186-191.

Abstract

"Zielstellungen: Gegenwärtig wird in Fachkreisen diskutiert, ob für die betriebsärztliche Betreuung Beschäftigter in Deutschland ausreichend aktive Betriebsärztinnen und -ärzte zur Verfügung stehen. Mit den hier vorgestellten empirischen Ergebnissen zur Häufigkeit betriebsärztlicher Kontakte soll ein Erkenntnisbeitrag aus der Sicht von Beschäftigten in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe sozialversicherter älterer Erwerbstätiger geleistet werden.

Methoden: Die Daten stammen aus der laufenden Längsschnittstudie lidA (www.lida-studie.de), in der Zusammenhänge von Arbeit, Alter, Gesundheit und Erwerbsteilhabe bei Erwerbstätigen der Geburtsjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 untersucht werden. In die Analysen gingen die Daten von 3039 Befragten ein, die zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung 2018 in einem Arbeitsverhältnis in Voll- oder Teilzeit beschäftigt waren. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte deskriptiv und berufsgruppenbezogen bei mindestens 25 Fällen pro Berufsgruppe.

Ergebnisse: Von allen Befragten berichteten 62,1 % (n=1888) von einem Betriebsarzt im Betrieb. 52,1 % aller Beschäftigten hatten mit ihm bereits persönlichen Kontakt gehabt, die Hälfte von ihnen in den zurückliegenden 12 Monaten. Ein Zusammenhang mit dem Ausmaß körperlicher Belastung bei der Arbeit war statistisch nicht feststellbar. Angehörige technischer und medizinischer Professionen, auch Wissenschaftler1, gaben hohe Kontaktraten an, Angehörige mancher manueller oder Dienstleistungsberufe (z. B. Bau- oder Reinigungsberufe) und Verwaltungsberufe sowie Verkäufer niedrige.

Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse weisen nicht direkt auf einen betriebsärztlichen Mangel in Deutschland hin. Allerdings legen sie eine unausgewogene Verteilung betriebsärztlicher Ressourcen nahe: Manche Berufsgruppen berichten in geringem Maße betriebsärztliche Kontakte, obwohl mehr zu erwarten wären, bei anderen ist dies genau umgekehrt.

Schlussfolgerungen: Wünschenswert wäre die vertiefte wissenschaftliche Analyse der gegenwärtigen Ausgestaltung und Qualität der betriebsärztlichen Versorgung in der Praxis in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kaboth, Arthur & Martin Brussig (2020): Trotz steigender Altersgrenzen stagniert das durchschnittliche Rentenzugangsalter. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Rentenzugang. (Altersübergangs-Report / Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universität Duisburg-Essen 2019-02), Duisburg, 14 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/71299

Abstract

"Das gesetzliche Renteneintrittsalter steigt schrittweise an, dennoch erfolgt über die Hälfte aller Rentenzugänge im Jahr 2017 vor dem 65. Lebensjahr. Der Anteil der Regelaltersrente an den Rentenzugängen geht zurück. Die abschlagsfreie Altersrente für besonders langjährig Versicherte („Rente ab 63“) erfreut sich hoher Beliebtheit. Das durchschnittliche Rentenzugangsalter ist seit 2013 nahezu konstant, wenn der Einmaleffekt der „Mütterrente“ herausgerechnet wird. Männer gingen im Jahr 2017 im Durchschnitt mit 64,3 und Frauen mit 64,4 Jahren in Rente. Der Rentenzugang polarisiert sich: Renteneintritte erfolgen entweder frühestmöglich oder an der Regelaltersgrenze. Zugänge zwischen diesen beiden Zeitpunkten gehen zurück. Der Anteil der Renten mit Abschlägen hat sich seit 2007 halbiert. Aktuell wird jede vierte Altersrente (2017: 23,3 Prozent) wurde mit Abschlägen in Anspruch genommen (2007: 46,8 Prozent). Bei Männern und Frauen ist in etwa dieselbe Entwicklung zu beobachten. Zurückzuführen ist dies auf das Auslaufen der Altersrente für Frauen und der Altersrente wegen Arbeitslosigkeit oder nach Altersteilzeit. Übergänge aus stabiler versicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung in Altersrente nehmen weiterhin zu, sind allerdings nicht die Regel. Lediglich jeder dritte Renteneintritt der Frauen erfolgt 2017 aus stabiler sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung direkt in eine Altersrente. Soweit eine Anhebung der Altersgrenzen erforderlich scheint, ist darauf zu achten, Arbeiten bis zur Regelaltersgrenze zu unterstützen und dort, wo eine Verlängerung der Beschäftigung nicht zumutbar ist, Übergänge in Rente zu ermöglichen, die zielgenau und sozial abgesichert sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Konzelmann, Laura, Andreas Mergenthaler & Norbert F. Schneider (2020): Gemeinsam in die Rente? Ruhestand als Projekt für Zweiverdienerpaare. (Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung. Policy brief), Wiesbaden, 4 S.

Abstract

"•Der Anteil an Paaren jenseits der 50, bei denen beide Partner erwerbstätig sind, ist in der Vergangenheit stark gestiegen und wird voraussichtlich auch zukünftig weiter steigen.
•Derzeit sind bei mehr als der Hälfte aller Paare zwischen 50 und 69 Jahren beide Partner erwerbstätig (1996 waren es nur 25 Prozent) und bei jedem vierten Paar in diesem Alter sind beide voll erwerbstätig. In Ostdeutschland liegt dieser
Anteil sogar bei knapp 40 Prozent.
•Der gemeinsame Übergang vom Beruf in den Ruhestand wird daher für immer mehr Menschen zu einem Lebensprojekt. Dies gilt insbesondere für Paare mit einem großen Altersabstand.
•Die Synchronisierung des Renteneintritts zwischen Partnern kann zu Abweichungen vom Regelalter des Renteneintritts führen und ist daher auch sozialpolitisch relevant." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lauxen, Oliver, Lora Demireva & Christa Larsen (2020): Betriebliche Aktivitäten in Relation zur Altersstruktur der Beschäftigten. IAB-Betriebspanel Report Hessen 2019. (IAB-Betriebspanel Hessen 2020,04), Frankfurt am Main, 19 S.

Abstract

"Ausgangspunkt für die Betrachtungen im vorliegenden Report waren Prognosen zum altersbedingten Ersatzbedarf in der hessischen Wirtschaft in den kommenden Jahren. Um zukunftsfähig zu bleiben, ist die Sicherung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs für die Betriebe essenziell. Untersucht wurde auf Basis von Daten aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel, ob Betriebe mit vergleichsweise älterer Belegschaft vor diesem Hintergrund anders agieren als Betriebe mit vergleichsweise jüngerer Belegschaft. Mit 35 Prozent zählt mehr als ein Drittel der hessischen Betriebe zu jenen mit älterer Belegschaft, darunter viele Großbetriebe und etwa sechs von zehn Betrieben im Wirtschaftszweig „Öffentliche Verwaltung“. 28 Prozent der Betriebe im Bundesland haben eine vergleichsweise junge Belegschaft, darunter ein recht hoher Anteil derer, die wirtschaftliche und wissenschaftliche Dienstleistungen erbringen. Die Hypothese, dass Betriebe mit älterer Belegschaft aufgrund ihres höheren Handlungsdrucks aktiver sind bei der Sicherung ihres Fachkräftebedarfs als Betriebe mit jüngerer Belegschaft, kann allerdings nicht bestätigt werden. Jüngere Betriebe erscheinen innovativer: Von ihnen investiert ein höherer Anteil in Produkt-, Dienstleistungs- und Prozessentwicklung, setzt Roboter ein oder ist in Forschung und Entwicklung aktiv. Die Offenheit für Neues erscheint größer in Betrieben mit jüngerer Belegschaft. Da-mit geht auch eine stärkere Dynamik in Sachen Personalbewegungen einher. Von den jüngeren Betrieben hat ein weit größerer Anteil Personalbedarfe angegeben und Neueinstellungen vorgenommen. Auch das Engagement in der betrieblichen Ausbildung erscheint in den Betrieben mit jüngerer Belegschaft stärker ausgeprägt. Gleiches gilt für Aktivitäten zur Fachkräftebindung: Jüngere Betriebe schaffen eher die Möglichkeit einer betrieblichen Weiterbildung und einer Gewinn-, Erfolgs- und Kapitalbeteiligung für ihre Beschäftigten. Lediglich bei der Übernahme von Auszubildenden in ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis unterscheiden sich jüngere von älteren Betrieben kaum." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Loichinger, Elke & Sebastian Klüsener (2020): Ausweitung der Erwerbstätigkeit Älterer. Aktuell Stagnation bei den Babyboomern. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 3-7.

Abstract

"Von der bereits länger andauernden Alterung der Gesellschaft hat Deutschland bisher eher profitiert. Hierzu trug bei, dass niedrige Geburtenraten zunächst den Anteil von abhängigen jüngeren Personen wie Kinder und Jugendliche reduziert haben. Gleichzeitig stieg der Anteil der Personen im erwerbsfähigen Alter. In den kommenden Jahren wird sich diese Konstellation erheblich verändern, da die besonders stark besetzten „Babyboomer“-Jahrgänge der 1950er und 1960er Jahre das Rentenalter erreichen. Gleichzeitig treten relativ gering besetzte Jahrgänge in das Erwerbsalter ein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Lorenz, Svenja, Mona Pfister & Thomas Zwick (2020): Beware of the employer: financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old age employment. (ZEW discussion paper 2020-007), Mannheim, 39 S.

Abstract

"This paper shows that increasing the normal retirement age and introducing pension deductions for retirement before normal retirement age in Germany did not prolong employment of older men. The reason for this surprising result is that employers encouraged their employees to use the bridge options unemployment or partial retirement instead of the early retirement option for the long-term insured. Bridge options allowed employers to terminate employment considerably earlier than the pension for long-term insured. Employers however had to compensate their employees for the substantially higher costs of the bridge options. Therefore mainly employers with high employment adaption costs induced employees to use a bridge option during the implementation phase of the pension reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mergenthaler, Andreas, Laura Konzelmann, Volker Cihlar, Frank Micheel & Norbert F. Schneider (2020): Vom Ruhestand zu (Un-)Ruheständen. Ergebnisse der Studie „Transitions and Old Age Potential“ (TOP) von 2013 bis 2019. Wiesbaden, 82 S.

Abstract

"Die BiB-Studie „Transitions and Old Age Potential: Übergänge und Alternspotenziale“ (TOP) hat zwischen den Jahren 2013 und 2019 den Übergang in den Ruhestand von älteren Menschen in Deutschland untersucht. Die Broschüre umfasst neue Erkenntnisse zu Ruhestandsübergängen von Paaren." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Naegele, Gerhard & Moritz Hess (Hrsg.) (2020): Alte und neue soziale Ungleichheiten bei Berufsaufgabe und Rentenübergang. Ergebnisse des EXTEND-Projektes. (Dortmunder Beiträge zur Sozialforschung), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 253 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-31663-1

Abstract

"In diesem Sammelband befassen sich die Autor*innen mit sozialen Ungleichheiten im Verrentungsgeschehen in 5 Ländern mit besonderem Fokus auf Deutschland. Berichtet werden eigene, z.T. empirische Forschungsergebnisse aus dem EXTEND-Projekt (Social inequalities in extending working lives) zu institutionellen Veränderungen in den Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenpolitiken und Auswirkungen auf Verrentungsentscheidungen und -praktiken, Beschäftigungssituationen älterer Arbeitnehmer*innen, Einfluss von Gesundheit auf Lebensqualität in der vor- und nachberuflichen Lebensphase, Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Pflege, Arbeitsbedingungen im professionellen Altenpflegesektor, Good Practices und Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen, Empfehlungen für Politik und betriebliche Praxis." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Naegele, Laura (2020): Betriebliches Kompetenzmanagement älterer Arbeitnehmer*innen. Eine betriebssoziologische Analyse im Handwerk. (Vechtaer Beiträge zur Gerontologie), Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer VS, XVIII, 381 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-29253-9

Abstract

"Betriebliches Kompetenzmanagement gewinnt vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen und technologischen Wandels zunehmend auch im Handwerkssektor an Bedeutung. In ihrer Studie untersucht Laura Naegele erstmalig die komplexen Motive und Determinanten, die Betriebe in Bezug auf die Kompetenzentwicklung ihrer älteren Arbeitnehmer°innen nennen. Die Arbeit identifiziert förderliche und hemmende Bedingungen für ältere Beschäftigte und formuliert praxisorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen an den Handwerkssektor. Der Inhalt • Das Handwerk – Eine alternde Arbeitswelt im Wandel • Betriebliches Kompetenzmanagement (BKM) im Handwerkssektor • Handlungsorientierungen für den Handwerkssektor Die Zielgruppen • Dozierende und Studierende der Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Gerontologie, Soziologie, Personalentwicklung sowie der Betriebswirtschaftslehre • Praktiker°innen in Handwerksbetrieben und -organisationen sowie KMU, Personalverantwortliche, Unternehmensberater°innen, Politiker°innen Die Autorin Laura Naegele ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Gerontologie, Fachgebiet Altern und Arbeit an der Universität Vechta. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte liegen auf dem demografischen Wandel in der Arbeitswelt, der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit alternder Belegschaften, dem Kompetenz- und Alter(n)smanagement in klein- und mittelständischen Betrieben (KMU) sowie Fragen der Altersdiskriminierung im Arbeitsmarkt." (Verlagsangaben)

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Philipps, Veronika (2020): Berufliche Weiterbildungsbeteiligung von Älteren im europäischen Vergleich – Welche Rolle spielen Institutionen? In: Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung - Report, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 197-226. DOI:10.1007/s40955-020-00156-1

Abstract

"Personen in der späten Erwerbsphase sind in Europa selten in berufliche Weiterbildung eingebunden. Der Beitrag betrachtet Länderdifferenzen in der Weiterbildungsteilnahme Älterer aus institutionentheoretischer Perspektive und berücksichtigt dabei, dass Institutionen in Verbindung miteinander funktionieren. Daher werden Zusammenhänge zwischen institutionellen Konfigurationen des Arbeitsmarktes und Bildungssystems für die relativen Weiterbildungsnachteile Älterer in 26 europäischen Ländern untersucht und es wird aufgezeigt, dass institutionelle Konfigurationen eine hohe Bedeutung für die Erklärung von Weiterbildungsdisparitäten besitzen. Für geringe Weiterbildungsnachteile Älterer sind insbesondere das Vorhandensein weitreichender staatlicher und betrieblicher Weiterbildungsstrukturen sowie ein duales Berufsausbildungssystem bedeutsam." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © W. Bertelsmann Verlag)

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Riphahn, Regina T. & Rebecca Schrader (2020): Institutional reforms of 2006 and the dramatic rise in old-age employment in Germany. In: ILR review, Jg. 73, H. 5, S. 1185-1225. DOI:10.1177/0019793919863378

Abstract

"The authors investigate whether a cut in unemployment benefit payout periods enacted in Germany in 2006 affected older workers' labor market transitions. The authors use rich administrative data and exploit a difference-in-differences approach. During 2004 - 2007, using monthly observations, they compare a reference group of 40 - 44 year olds with constant benefit payout periods to older treatment groups with reduced payout durations. Compared to the reference group, those groups with reduced payout periods had lower job exit rates, higher rates of finding a job, higher propensity to remain employed, and lower propensity to remain unemployed. These patterns suggest that the reform may have contributed to the recent rise in old-age employment in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schröder-Kunz, Sabine (2020): Gutes Leben und Arbeiten in der zweiten Lebenshälfte. Frühzeitig den Weg zum Älterwerden gestalten. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 279 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-25362-2

Abstract

"Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen, wie man das Älterwerden frühzeitig in den Blick nehmen und aktiv gestalten kann. Mit vielen Beispielen, Übungen, Denkanstößen und Tipps dient es als praktischer Leitfaden für Menschen, die sich am Beginn der zweiten Lebenshälfte befinden, bereits mittendrin sind oder sich darauf vorbereiten möchten.
Im ersten Teil des Buches wird definiert, was Alter ist: Welche Alter gibt es in uns und welche Stärken treten wann neu hervor? Wie kann man mit den Schwierigkeiten umgehen? Was verändert sich in Beziehungen, z.B. zur jüngeren Generation oder in einer Partnerschaft? Im zweiten Teil wird das Älterwerden im Zusammenhang mit der Arbeit betrachtet. Die Autorin erläutert, wie das Berufsleben entsprechend gestaltet werden kann, z.B. im Hinblick auf den Wandel der Arbeitswelt, berufliche Beziehungen, Arbeitsfähigkeit oder eine ausgewogene Work-Life-Balance." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Stiemke, Philipp & Moritz Heẞ (2020): Der Zusammenhang zwischen Bildung und der Freiwilligkeit von Erwerbsaustritten. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 73, H. 4, S. 238-246. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2020-4-238

Abstract

"Die demografische Alterung stellt die (Alters-)Sicherungssysteme langfristig vor große finanzielle Herausforderungen. Daher wurden verschiedene Reformen implementiert, die auf eine Verlängerung des Erwerbslebens abzielen. So wurden unter anderem Frühverrentungsmöglichkeiten eingeschränkt, die Regelaltersgrenze erhöht und aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitiken eingeführt. Fraglich ist jedoch, ob alle älteren Arbeitnehmer*innen die nötigen Ressourcen besitzen, um ihre Erwerbstätigkeit bis zum regulären Renteneintrittsalter auszuüben und ob sie den Erwerbsaustritt als freiwillig empfinden. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und inwieweit Bildung als sozioökonomische Determinante die Freiwilligkeit des Erwerbsaustritts beeinflusst. Basierend auf Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys wird für zwei Renteneintrittskohorten (1999–2006; 2007–2014) dieser Zusammenhang analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass bei Männern der jüngeren Renteneintrittskohorte ein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Bildung und der Freiwilligkeit des Erwerbsaustritts besteht, nicht jedoch bei Frauen und Männern der älteren Renteneintrittskohorte. Dieser Befund kann darauf hinweisen, dass sozioökonomische Faktoren wie die Bildung künftig, also bei folgenden Kohorten, die Freiwilligkeit des Erwerbsaustritts zunehmend beeinflusst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Turek, Konrad & Kène Henkens (2020): How skill requirements affect the likelihood of recruitment of older workers in Poland. The indirect role of age stereotypes. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 550-570. DOI:10.1177/0950017019847943

Abstract

"This article analyses the role of age stereotypes in the employability of older people. Unlike in existing studies, we shift emphasis from a direct consideration of stereotypes, focusing instead on skill requirements during recruitment. Using five waves of an employer survey from Poland, we assess how the likelihood of recruiting people over 50 years old depends on the skill requirements of the post. This study uses a real-life framework by referring to existing vacancies and actual requirements that reflect labour demands at the scale of an entire national labour market. The results suggest that some requirements lead to age bias during recruitment, and the chances of an older candidate being hired are especially hindered in jobs requiring computer, physical, social, creative and training skills. By illustrating an indirect link between age stereotypes and age discrimination, this study contributes to an understanding of the mechanisms that reduce employability of older people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Westermeier, Christian (2020): Trifft die Corona-Krise ältere Erwerbstätige stärker als jüngere? (Serie "Corona-Krise: Folgen für den Arbeitsmarkt"). In: IAB-Forum H. 08.07.2020 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2020-07-07.

Abstract

"Im Zuge der demografischen Entwicklung und des Arbeitsmarktaufschwungs seit der Finanzkrise 2009 hat die Erwerbstätigkeit von Älteren weiter zugenommen. Eine neue monatliche Befragung des IAB über Leben und Erwerbstätigkeit in Zeiten von Corona und aktuelle Arbeitsmarktdaten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit liefern nun erste empirische Befunde zu den Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise auf die Beschäftigung älterer Erwerbspersonen. Die Arbeitslosenquote steigt bei den Älteren nur mäßig. Allerdings dürften viele ältere Minijobber, die in der Krise ihren Job verloren haben, darin nicht erfasst sein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)