Prekäre Beschäftigung
Unter den Begriff "Prekäre Beschäftigung" fallen Arbeitsverhältnisse mit niedrigen Löhnen, die häufig nicht auf Dauer und Kontinuität angelegt sind, keine Absicherung durch die Sozialversicherung und nur geringe arbeitsrechtliche Schutzrechte aufweisen. Der Begriff ist umstritten - und noch viel mehr die Frage: Wirken prekäre Beschäftigungsverhältnisse immer ausgrenzend oder leisten sie auch einen notwendigen Beitrag zur Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsmarktes? Die Infoplattform erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
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Literaturhinweis
Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study (2025)
Aronsson, Amanda E.; Mangot-Sala, Lluís ; Hernando-Rodriguez, Julio C.; Badarin, Kathryn ; Alfayumi-Zeadna, Samira; Gunn, Virginia; Thern, Emelie ; Muntaner, Carles ; Kreshpaj, Bertina; Julià, Mireia ; Kvart, Signild ; Bodin, Theo ; Matilla-Santander, Nuria;Zitatform
Aronsson, Amanda E., Emelie Thern, Nuria Matilla-Santander, Signild Kvart, Julio C. Hernando-Rodriguez, Kathryn Badarin, Mireia Julià, Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna, Virginia Gunn, Bertina Kreshpaj, Carles Muntaner, Theo Bodin & Lluís Mangot-Sala (2025): Parental precarious employment and the mental health of adolescents: a Swedish registry study. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 59-67. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4210
Abstract
"This study investigates the association between parental precarious employment (PE) and the mental health of their adolescent children, with a particular focus on how the association differs based on whether the mother or father is in PE. This register-based study used the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort. A sample of 117 437 children aged 16 years at baseline (2005) were followed up until 2009 (the year they turned 20). A multidimensional construct of PE (SWE-ROPE 2.0) was used to classify parental employment as either precarious, substandard or standard. The outcome, adolescents’ mental disorders, wasmeasured as a diagnosis of a mental disorder using ICD-10 codes or by prescribed psychotropic drugs using ATC codes. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models produced hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between parental PE and adolescents’mental health. Adolescents with parents in PE exhibited a higher risk of developing mental disorders. The association was more pronounced for paternal PE (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.35) compared to maternal PE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.21). These associations largely persisted after adjusting for important confounders, including parental mental health. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature on parental PE and adolescents’ mental health. As PE is growing more common across countries, this study provides relevant insights into the intergenerational role that parental low-quality employment may have in terms of mental health within families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Making low-wage work and family fit: perceptions and strategies among working families (2025)
Zitatform
Bruns, Angela, Hilary Wething & Heather D. Hill (2025): Making low-wage work and family fit: perceptions and strategies among working families. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2505719
Abstract
"Workplaces have changed dramatically over the past 50 years. Jobs have become more precarious, particularly for workers at the bottom of the income and occupational distributions, and this shift has created new challenges for balancing work and family roles. Previous research suggests that precarious work can make it difficult for families to manage childcare and schedule family time, but questions remain about the subjective experiences and perspectives of workers in low-wage jobs juggling work and family responsibilities. Using a work-family fit and balance perspective, which emphasizes individuals’ subjective appraisals of the work-family interface, and data from three waves of in-depth interviews with 50 workers earning low-wages, we document the demands and resources (at work and at home) that are most salient as they make subjective appraisals of work-family fit and the strategies they use to reduce perceived misfit. Our results highlight workers’ agency amidst a series of constrained choices. Workers in our sample were exceptionally skilled at making precarity work for their families but not without considerable labor and additional sacrifices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Families, Welfare States and Resilience: Low-Resource Families Navigating Care, Employment and Welfare in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Daly, Mary (Hrsg.) (2025): Families, Welfare States and Resilience. Low-Resource Families Navigating Care, Employment and Welfare in Europe. Boca Raton: Elgar, 213 S. DOI:10.4337/9781035346769
Abstract
"This pioneering book critically reviews and develops the concept of resilience in relation to family life. It examines the experiences of low-resourced families in Belgium, Croatia, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, assessing how they manage challenges such as low income and poor working conditions whilst also caring for children and others needing care. It considers the resources that are available to families, how they are utilised and the role and effectiveness of the welfare state system in supporting families with low resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elgar) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Feeling disadvantaged? Type of employment contract and political attitudes (2025)
Zitatform
Gatskova, Kseniia, Michal Pilc & Maciej Beresewicz (2025): Feeling disadvantaged? Type of employment contract and political attitudes. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 787-811., 2024-02-05. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae011
Abstract
"We tested the theory of relative deprivation in the context of the Polish labour market during the post-crisis period from 2009 to 2015. This period witnessed the highest incidence of temporary contracts in the European Union, providing novel evidence on the causal relationship between the type of employment contract and political attitudes. Our findings suggest that temporary workers are more supportive of income redistribution but less supportive of democracy. Additionally, a shift from permanent to temporary contracts among prime-aged employees leads to a decrease in their support for democracy. Although this effect is modest in magnitude, the article points to an important mechanism influencing shifts in political attitudes. Our findings suggest that the effect of temporary employment on political attitudes is more pronounced among socio-demographic groups less accustomed to unstable employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford Academic) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Activating Welfare State and Precarisation: a Temporal Analysis of the Perceived Unemployment Risk in Switzerland, 1999–2019 (2025)
Zitatform
Gibilisco, Saro, Monica Budowski & Andreas Hadjar (2025): The Activating Welfare State and Precarisation: a Temporal Analysis of the Perceived Unemployment Risk in Switzerland, 1999–2019. In: Work, Employment and Society, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1177/09500170251361817
Abstract
"Existing research predominantly examines precarisation processes within the framework of the welfare state crisis. This study diverges from this conventional practice as it explores precarization in terms of a product of welfare state intervention. Specifically, the main argument is that welfare state interventions towards individual responsibility and activation centre on precarisation as a governance principle. Through a temporal examination of the perceived risk of unemployment – a key aspectof precarisation in the labour market – utilizing data from the Swiss Household Panel spanning 1999 to 2019, the study reveals a growing prevalence of the perceived risk of unemployment within the group of individuals in more privileged employment arrangements, notably stable and full-time contracts. Results suggest that precarisation is diffusing into segments of society considered secure and protected by the welfare state. This seems to be closely linked to the new activation mode of welfare state intervention." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Contextualizing inequalities in the gig economy: evidence from online cleaning platforms in five European cities (2025)
Zitatform
Giuliani, Giovanni Amerigo & Rebecca Paraciani (2025): Contextualizing inequalities in the gig economy: evidence from online cleaning platforms in five European cities. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1108/ijssp-12-2024-0619
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper explores the impact of national contexts on the profile of workers in the gig economy, with a specific focus on online cleaning platforms. The study aims to understand how national contexts influence the gender and ethnic composition of workers on domestic cleaning platforms, examining the intersectional effects of gender and ethnicity in platform-based work. Design/methodology/approach: Focusing on the case of the Yoopies platform operating in five Western European cities – Berlin, Copenhagen, Paris, Rome and Stockholm – this exploratory research is based on an original dataset that combines platform-based data directly collected from Yoopies with national-level data provided by Eurostat. Hypotheses were tested using simple correlation analysis to assess cross-country differences. Findings: The study shows that national contexts play an important role in shaping the gender and ethnic composition of workers on online cleaning platforms. Specifically, it identifies how structural features of the offline labor market influence the gendering and racialization of these platforms, highlighting variations across countries. The research also finds evidence of intersectional effects, where gender and ethnicity intersect to shape the profile of platform workers. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the growing literature on domestic work in the digital platform economy by providing a comparative perspective on cross-country differences in the composition of the platform workforce. It highlights the importance of national offline labor market characteristics in contributing to shaping platform-mediated work and provides new insights into the intersectionality of gender, ethnicity, and work in the gig economy. The findings contribute to both platform economy research and labor market studies, offering implications for policy and future research on the dynamics of digital work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Expanding Domains of Degraded Work in the United States: Constructing a More Comprehensive Typology of Non-standard Employment Arrangements (2025)
Zitatform
Gonos, George (2025): The Expanding Domains of Degraded Work in the United States: Constructing a More Comprehensive Typology of Non-standard Employment Arrangements. In: Critical Sociology, Jg. 51, H. 7-8, S. 1383-1406. DOI:10.1177/08969205241283938
Abstract
"The spread of non-standard employment (NSE) is widely considered to have contributed to the deterioration of labor standards. Yet, in the United States, there is no definitive roster of non-standard work arrangements and no reliable estimate of the size of the non-standard workforce. For over 25 years, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has produced artificially low estimates of employers’ use of ‘alternative employment arrangements’. Its 2018 Contingent Work Supplement (CWS) reported that since 1995 the proportion of US workers in these arrangements had declined. This article proposes a more systematic framework for understanding NSE in the United States and fleshes out a more comprehensive typology better suited toward addressing the needs of policymakers and labor activists. It fundamentally reorients the study of NSE by recognizing that so-called ‘alternative’ arrangements are abusive and more aptly understood as degraded work arrangements (DWAs). The article then explores the key categories of DWAs and provides a deeper analysis of one group, dissociative arrangements, that enable the flourishing use of ‘non-employee’ workers. Concluding sections address the undertheorized state of this subject area and the challenge of union organizing in fractured labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms (2025)
Zitatform
Griesbach, Kathleen (2025): Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70026
Abstract
"Platform-based gig work illustrates a broader erosion of the spatial boundaries of work. While geographers have long theorized space as an integral part of capitalist work processes and social life, sociological research has often treated space as a backdrop for work processes rather than an active process shaping the social world, contemporary work, inequality, and resistance. However, important work in urban and rural sociology emphasizes the central role place plays in social life and inequality. This review synthesizes insights on space, place, and inequality and identifies key spatial continuities between platform labor and other forms of precarious work. I find common throughlines across disciplines: the intertwining of space, place, and social relations and the relevance of space and place for understanding inequality. Next, I relate spatial theories of capitalist development to contemporary precarious work. Finally, I suggest 3 promising avenues for incorporating space into research on contemporary work and inequality today: analyzing how existing inequalities intersect with the spatial features of new and enduring work structures; examining how contemporary work processes are reshaping rural and urban geographies; and identifying the spatial practices of contemporary organizing and resistance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance and job polarization (2025)
Zitatform
Griffy, Benjamin, Adrian Masters & Kai You (2025): Unemployment insurance and job polarization. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 93. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102690
Abstract
"This paper considers how the structure of the UI system interacts with the observed profile of separations to generate “job-polarization” – wage and separation rate persistence. We extend a standard on-the-job labor search model to include an initial period of high separation rates until the job stochastically becomes more stable. Meanwhile a worker’s UI entitlement varies in generosity (based on their former wage) and duration (based on their employment history). The separation structure means that some workers have extended periods of frequent job loss. The UI system amplifies these effects because workers with low benefit eligibility apply for low wage jobs. Their subsequent applications then leave them more highly susceptible to future job loss. Our calibration suggests that this effect accounts for around 1% lower lifetime average wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress (2025)
Zitatform
Guo, Ya, Sizhan Cui, Zhuofei Lu & Senhu Wang (2025): Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress. In: The British journal of sociology. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.70028
Abstract
"While there is a growing body of literature examining platform dependence and its implications for mental health, much of the research has focused on gig workers with small sample sizes. The lack of large-scale quantitative research, particularly using longitudinal representative data, limits a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between platform dependence and mental distress. This study uses nationally representative data from the UK and fixed effects models to explore the heterogeneity of gig work, specifically examining differences in mental distress between high-dependence workers (those solely engaged in gig work) and low-dependence workers (those also employed in other jobs). The findings reveal that high-dependence gig workers have greater mental distress compared to low-dependence and full-time workers, with their mental well-being similar to those with no paid work. Low-dependence gig workers have lower mental distress than those without paid work. Financial precarity and loneliness partly explain these differences, with the impact stronger for highly educated high-dependence workers and less educated low-dependence workers. These findings highlight the significance of recognizing the heterogeneity of gig work in addressing future well-being challenges in a post-pandemic economy, as well as broadening the scope of the latent deprivation model to encompass the unique dynamics of gig work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The triangular relationship in platform gig work: Consumers, platform beneficence and worker vulnerability (2025)
Zitatform
Healy, Joshua & Andreas Pekarek (2025): The triangular relationship in platform gig work: Consumers, platform beneficence and worker vulnerability. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 265-284. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.12310
Abstract
"Platform gig work is created and contested in dynamic, triangular relationships between platforms, workers, and consumers. Compared with the first two groups, however, evidence about the role of the third - consumers - is sparse. In this paper, we investigate consumers' changing perceptions of work in the platform gig economy and argue that their perspective warrants greater attention in sociological analyses. Using data from two Australian public opinion surveys conducted 5 years apart (2017 and 2022), we explore how consumers' views of platform gig work evolved during a period of rapid change that includes the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that while overall platform use increased markedly, many consumers felt conflicted about gig workers' conditions and key features of platforms' typical labour practices. There is a pronounced, enduring, and consequential tension in consumers' views of the merits and drawbacks of this work; between, on the one hand, an acceptance that platforms do benefit workers to some extent and, on the other hand, misgivings about workers' vulnerability to harm. In centring consumers, our paper empirically enriches current triangular conceptions of labour relations in the platform gig economy, by showing how consumers mediate the interests of platforms and workers, to shape how gig work manifests and who benefits from it. We also contribute useful new practical knowledge, by elucidating the prevailing concerns of consumers that could be developed into resonant themes for campaigns aimed at improving platform gig workers' rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From Precarious Work to Precarious Lives: Managing and Navigating Uncertainty at the Intersections of Employment, Households and the State (2025)
Zitatform
Herman, Eva, Gail Hebson & Jill Rubery (2025): From Precarious Work to Precarious Lives: Managing and Navigating Uncertainty at the Intersections of Employment, Households and the State. In: Work, Employment and Society. DOI:10.1177/09500170251359125
Abstract
"This article investigates the intersection between precarious work and precarious lives through interviews with workers in the care, hospitality and art sectors. These revealed that workers experienced precarity as a double-edged sword of time and income uncertainty shaped by the context in which they were embedded – namely their employment, their household and their relations with state welfare and care systems. These three domains shaped both the constraints they faced and the buffers and resources available to them as they managed these time and income uncertainties. A dynamic work–life articulation framework is developed that embeds the strategies workers deploy to mitigate uncertainty within these three domains and their intersections. These strategies may still only result in the least bad and often far from sustainable outcome due to changing contexts and trade-offs between time and income uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Support and employment preferences in online platform work: A cluster analysis of German-speaking workers (2025)
Zitatform
Klaus, Dominik, Maddalena Lamura, Marcel Bilger & Barbara Haas (2025): Support and employment preferences in online platform work. A cluster analysis of German-speaking workers. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12659. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12659
Abstract
"Online platform work is an emerging field of non-standard employment. Up to now, there has been little knowledge of the perspective of online platform workers on social protection and regulation. We provide quantitative data (n = 1727) on their needs for support and on their employment status preferences. Given the heterogeneity of German-speaking online platform workers, we have conducted a cluster analysis to group workers according to task length, hourly wage, working hours and experience on online platforms. Most of the respondents are solo-self-employed and hybrid workers. They prefer support instruments that improve their skills and income over those that aim to strengthen their rights. The majority of platform workers are in favour of working outside of platforms. The study also shows that despite the low dependence on platform income, the actual poverty risk is relatively high." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth (2025)
Zitatform
Maestripieri, Lara, Alba Lanau, Roger Soler‐i‐Martí & Míriam Acebillo‐Baqué (2025): Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12709. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12709
Abstract
"The growth of non-standard employment has emerged as a crucial factor that contributes to delays and difficulties in young people's transitions to adulthood. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of multidimensional measures of precariousness. This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of precariousness holistically, using an original database of respondents in Spain from 20 to 34 years of age. Using a mixed-methods approach, we explore young people's understandings of precariousness and examine its key determinants and consequences. The findings illustrate the multidimensional nature of feelings of precariousness, with economic insecurity and work conditions being core elements. Our results point to precarity stemming from a combination of inextricably intertwined objective and subjective components, as well as work and economic dimensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy (2025)
Zitatform
Maffie, Michael David & Hector Hurtado (2025): The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy. In: BJIR. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70004
Abstract
"This study investigates the mechanisms by which gig platforms degrade labor conditions over time, building on the concept of platform decay, or ‘enshittification’, initially developed in the context of social media platforms. In this article, we draw on 30 interviews with long-term gig workers in the ride-hail and grocery delivery sectors, offering insights into how these companies shift from offering attractive working conditions to exploiting labor as these services develop market power via network effects. We identify three mechanisms through which gig companies claw back value from workers over time: burden shifting (transferring operational costs to workers), feature addition and alteration (increasing the demands on workers), and market manipulation (reducing worker bargaining power). We then explore how workers respond to platform decay, finding that workers adopt three responses: effort recalibration , multi-homing and navigating the changing conditions through what we term toxic resilience . This study contributes to the gig work literature by developing a framework to explain how working conditions in the gig economy improve or degrade over time. In doing so, this article provides a framework for organizing the growing constellation of labour research on gig workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work arrangements in digitally mediated care and domestic work (2025)
Zitatform
Molitor, Friederike (2025): Work arrangements in digitally mediated care and domestic work. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2523863
Abstract
"As the need for care has grown, paid care and domestic work in the private home is increasingly being organized on the market. Today, digital platforms serve as intermediaries for care and domestic services but systematic research on the resulting work arrangements between workers and clients remains limited. By understanding platform-mediated care and domestic work arrangements as a (social) exchange of ‘love and money’ between workers and clients, the study explores the working conditions and the worker-client relationships that emerge. Drawing on unique survey data collected on a large digital platform in Germany in 2019, the study shows that care and domestic workers who offer their services on digital platforms often experience informal work arrangements characterized by low working hours and irregular shifts. The worker-client relationships are described as amicable more than professional. They are often built on continuity, long-termism and reliability, which are essential for a lasting relationship. This challenges the on-demand, economic logic characterising other forms of platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why are there so many bad jobs? The role of bargaining power and structural change (2025)
Zitatform
Pacitti, Aaron, Michael Cauvel & Makala Greene (2025): Why are there so many bad jobs? The role of bargaining power and structural change. In: Competition and Change, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1177/10245294251371760
Abstract
"Since 1979, the share of good jobs in the U.S. economy decreased from 32% to 26%. We argue this has been caused by structural changes—declining union membership and institutional changes in labor markets; deindustrialization; globalization; automation; financialization; and rising market concentration and monopsony power in labor markets—that have depressed workers’ bargaining power, as measured by the cost of job loss. We define a quality job as one that pays above the real median wage for men in 1979, and provides employer-sponsored health insurance and pension benefits. Using Census Bureau data, we observe a decline in job quality across our 1979–2022 sample period. Our regression analysis suggests that changes in workers bargaining power and labor market policy, proxied by the real minimum wage, explain this dynamic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Quality as a Framework to Understand Precarious Employment and Beyond in Cross‐National Contexts: Conceptual, Methodological, and Practical Recommendations (2025)
Zitatform
Vanderleyden, Julie & Deborah De Moortel (2025): Employment Quality as a Framework to Understand Precarious Employment and Beyond in Cross‐National Contexts: Conceptual, Methodological, and Practical Recommendations. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 7. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70083
Abstract
"Precarious employment is a growing global concern. However, what constitutes or is perceived as precarious employment varies significantly across regions, particularly between the Global North and Global South. We propose the multidimensional Employment Quality (EQ) framework as a heuristic tool to explore the variety in EQ patterns from a cross-national comparative perspective. This framework, which incorporates a typological analytical approach, enables the exploration of diverse patterns and combinations of (in)secure employment features across the workforce. By doing so the full range of employment arrangements is captured, from highly secure to precarious, while also accounting for “mixed” forms. Yet, comparing the prevalence and forms of EQ globally presents significant conceptual, methodological, and data-related considerations, given the vast differences in employment and labor market features worldwide. Additionally, we provide practical tools for addressing the various considerations, with the aim of advancing EQ research for comparative purposes across diverse contexts. A comprehensive understanding of EQ configurations emerging across different contexts and their differential impacts on specific worker groups offers critical insights for informing labor market policies and strategies aimed at promoting more secure and equitable forms of employment in both the Global North and Global South." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
‘Woeful Pay, But Still, I Enjoy It’: Refining Subjective Job Quality in Ride‐Share Work (2025)
Zitatform
Veen, Alex, Tom Barratt, Caleb Goods & Marian Baird (2025): ‘Woeful Pay, But Still, I Enjoy It’: Refining Subjective Job Quality in Ride‐Share Work. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.70001
Abstract
"Workers who experience structural barriers in the labor market are overrepresented in the gig economy. There is limited research on how the broader context of labor markets and welfare systems shapes workers' motivations for, and subjective understandings of, ride-share work. Using established concepts of ‘constrained agency ’, ‘labor market objectives’ and ‘life stories’ from labor geography, this study develops a conceptual framework to advance subjective understandings of job quality. Drawing upon 59 interviews with workers from three distinct but overlapping disadvantaged groups (workers with disability, caring responsibilities and/or aged 45 and over), we focus on the experiences of and motivations for the work on a market-leading platform in Australia. Our findings highlight that subjective job quality perceptions are a complex mesh of individual circumstances and multi-layered social structures. Our framework helps to better understand why the work organisation and technology of the platform are valued by some yet loathed by others." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bedarf es schärferer Leistungsminderungen beim Bürgergeld? (Serie "Bürgergeld") (2025)
Wolff, Joachim;Zitatform
Wolff, Joachim (2025): Bedarf es schärferer Leistungsminderungen beim Bürgergeld? (Serie "Bürgergeld"). In: IAB-Forum H. 10.03.2025, 2025-03-10. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250310.01
Abstract
"Die Sanktionen im Bürgergeld sind viel zu stark abgemildert worden, ist in der öffentlichen Debatte immer wieder zu hören. Forschungsergebnisse zeigen: Sanktionen wirken, sind aber kein Allheilmittel. Und sie haben auch nicht intendierte Wirkungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Wolff, Joachim; -
Literaturhinweis
Mental health as a determinant of work: a scoping review on the impact of mental health on precarious employment (2025)
Zitatform
de Oliveira, Claire, Margaret Jamieson & Sara Bonato (2025): Mental health as a determinant of work: a scoping review on the impact of mental health on precarious employment. In: Health Policy, Jg. 161. DOI:10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105395
Abstract
"Background: While many studies have examined the impact of precarious employment on mental health, the reverse relationship has received less attention. Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review were to ascertain the existing literature examining the impact of mental health on precarious employment and to describe, synthesize, and critically appraise it. Methods: Business Source Premier, EconLit, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 1980 to 30 August 2024. Additionally, searches were undertaken in Google and specific websites; references of key papers were also examined. Relevant data were extracted from studies, and their quality was assessed, namely whether they accounted for endogeneity. Evidence was synthesized by mental disorder/illness/problem using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: After duplicates were removed, the search yielded 10,048 unique records; ultimately, 19 relevant papers, corresponding to 20 unique studies, were deemed relevant. Few specifically focused on mental health as a determinant of precarious employment and/or recognised the potential presence of endogeneity. Studies found mixed evidence on the relationship between mental health and precarious employment. While the evidence suggests that psychological distress and mental health complaints likely increase the probability of precarious employment, anxiety and emotional exhaustion likely do not. The evidence on depressive disorders is mixed/inconclusive. Conclusion: Some of the existing literature suggests that people with poor mental health may be at a higher risk of precarious employment; however, in some instances, the evidence was either mixed/inconclusive or absent. More high-quality studies are needed to inform clear policy recommendations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour (2024)
Zitatform
Altenried, Moritz (2024): Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1113-1128. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211054846
Abstract
"The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsausbeutung im Reinigungsgewerbe: Problemlagen, Hilfestrukturen, Handlungsmöglichkeiten (2024)
Böhme, René;Zitatform
Böhme, René (2024): Arbeitsausbeutung im Reinigungsgewerbe. Problemlagen, Hilfestrukturen, Handlungsmöglichkeiten. (Working paper Forschungsförderung / Hans Böckler Stiftung 333), Düsseldorf, 89 S.
Abstract
"Arbeitsausbeutung ist in Deutschland alltägliche Praxis. Zahlreiche Hürden führen dazu, dass es in den seltensten Fällen zur Strafverfolgung der Täter:innen kommt - das macht Ausbeutung zu einem lukrativen Geschäftsmodell. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, sind Bund, Länder und Kommunen aufgefordert, eine Gesamtstrategie zur Bekämpfung von Arbeitsausbeutung zu entwickeln. Diese sollte Erleichterungen bei der Strafverfolgung, quantitative und qualitative Verbesserungen der Kontrollmechanismen sowie eine Stärkung des Hilfesystems umfassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige: Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven (2024)
Depperschmidt, Rina; Matton, Heleen; Probst, Pia; Pongratz, Hans;Zitatform
Depperschmidt, Rina, Heleen Matton, Hans Pongratz & Pia Probst (2024): Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige. Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 33, H. 1-2, S. 3-27. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2024-0002
Abstract
"Plattformarbeit ist für Solo-Selbstständige zu einem wichtigen Erwerbszugang geworden. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde noch wenig untersucht, obwohl der Forschungsstand für beide Erwerbsformen ähnliche Bedingungen ausweist. Mittels einer qualitativen Befragung haben wir die Plattformerfahrungen von 20 Solo-Selbstständigen aus drei Berufsfeldern in vergleichender Perspektive analysiert: Yoga-Lehrer*innen, Sprachlehrer*innen und Creator*innen von Inhalten für die sozialen Medien. Trotz verschiedener Formen der Nutzung von Plattformdiensten sind die Resultate ähnlich: Für kleinere Zusatzeinnahmen ist beträchtlicher Aufwand erforderlich, aber Tools und Informationsangebote der Plattformen machen Arbeitserleichterungen möglich. Die Solo-Selbstständigen erleben viele der aus der Plattformforschung bekannten Abhängigkeiten und verschärften Konkurrenzbedingungen auf Online-Märkten. Nur für wenige Creator*innen führt Plattformarbeit aus einer prekären Selbstständigkeit heraus. Der Beitrag plädiert dafür, die beiden Forschungsfelder stärker zu verbinden und mit institutionellen Absicherungen des solo-selbstständigen Erwerbs auch die Bedingungen von Plattformarbeit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious employment and associations with socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported health in Wales, UK (2024)
Zitatform
Gray, B.J., M.L. Griffiths, R.G. Kyle, K.R. Isherwood, C. Humphreys & A.R. Davies (2024): Precarious employment and associations with socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported health in Wales, UK. In: Public health, Jg. 236, S. 452-458. DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.08.015
Abstract
"Objectives: The study's aim was to explore the prevalence of precarious employment (PE) in Wales prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associations with PE domains across socio-demographics and self-reported health. Study design: A cross-sectional design was used to explore the prevalence of PE in Wales prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020. Methods: Data were collected from a national household survey carried out in May/June 2020, with a sample of 1032 residents in Wales. PE was determined using the Employment Precariousness Scale. Associations between experiencing PE and socio-demographic/health characteristics were examined using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models (multinomial and binary). Results: Overall, before the pandemic, one in four respondents (26.5%) was in PE, with the most prevalent domains, wages, and disempowerment being experienced by at least 50% of respondents. Worse perceived treatment at work was twice as likely in those reporting pre-existing conditions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.45 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.33–4.49]), poorer general health (aOR: 2.33 95% CI: [1.22–4.47]), or low mental wellbeing (aOR: 2.81 95% CI: [1.34–5.88]). Those with high wage precariousness were three times more likely to report low mental wellbeing (aOR 3.12 95% CI [1.54–6.32]). Conclusions: The creation and Provision of secure, adequately paid job opportunities has the potential to reduce the prevalence of PE in Wales. Targeting such employment opportunities to those people currently unwell would have better population health gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
‘Workers using foodbanks’: the embedding of food insecurity at the nexus of welfare and employment laws (2024)
Hayes, L.J.B.; Maynard, Naomi;Zitatform
Hayes, L.J.B. & Naomi Maynard (2024): ‘Workers using foodbanks’: the embedding of food insecurity at the nexus of welfare and employment laws. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 318-342. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2024d000000026
Abstract
"In this first UK study of ‘Workers using foodbanks’, 65 per cent of research participants, including 76 per cent of those of working age, identified poor-quality employment as the root cause of their food insecurity. This primary problem of the deficient quality of jobs was characterized by insecure work, low wages, and excessive mental stress. Data revealed an environment in which workers are required to claim benefits because available employment cannot sustain their needs. A contemporary generation of ‘in-and-out-of-work[ers]’ are food insecure because of a secondary problem of inadequate welfare support. Post-pandemic welfare laws are interacting with ineffective employment rights protection to scaffold a low-wage labour market in which jobs are stripped of qualities that meet workers ’ basic needs. There is an urgent need to respond to the UKs record high incidence of food insecurity by improving the quality of available employment so that all jobs deliver adequate income, security of working arrangements, and support for good mental and physical health. ‘Workers using foodbanks’ is an aphorism that captures a contemporary reality in which the risk of food insecurity is embedded in contractual arrangements for work that are forged at the nexus of welfare and employment laws." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Werkverträge – wachsende Parallelwelt in transnationalen Arbeitsmärkten (2024)
Zitatform
Hüttenhoff, Frederic & Karen Jaehrling (2024): Werkverträge – wachsende Parallelwelt in transnationalen Arbeitsmärkten. (IAQ-Report 2024-04), Duisburg ; Essen, 19 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/81838
Abstract
"In manchen Branchen wie dem Baugewerbe und Schiffbau haben Werkverträge zugenommen und einen Funktionswandel durchlaufen. Dort zeichnet sich ein Produktionsmodell ab, das mittels Subunternehmen und unter Rückgriff auf internationale Arbeitsmärkte Firmenstrukturen verschleiert und die Feststellung der verantwortlichen Arbeitgeber erschwert. Diese Intransparenz hat eine erhebliche Prekarisierung der Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen der betroffenen, in der Regel migrantischen Arbeitskräfte zur Folge. Um dem zu begegnen, haben Gewerkschaften, Betriebsräte und Beratungsorganisationen begonnen, sich transnationaler auszurichten. Insbesondere vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der neuen Strategien. Nicht alle Probleme können durch eine Rechtsmobilisierung „von unten“ und kollektive Verhandlungen der Sozialpartner gelöst werden. Die Durchsetzung von equal pay und equal treatment bleibt eine staatliche Kernaufgabe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Positioning precarity: The contingent nature of precarious work in structure and practice (2024)
Zitatform
Jankowski, Krzysztof Z. (2024): Positioning precarity: The contingent nature of precarious work in structure and practice. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 75, H. 5, S. 715-730. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13125
Abstract
"Conceptualizing precarity has come to rest on the multi-dimensional and differentiated insecurities of job and worker, this however belies the relationship between structure and experience where precarity originates. To bridge that relationship, I employ the landscape concept to position workers relative to the structural contingency of precarious work. To study this landscape, I conducted an ethnography involving job searching, working, and interviewing workers. While certainly insecure, these jobs displayed parallel characteristics of streamlined hiring and short-notice starts which workers took advantage of. I explore three ideal-typical ‘jobs’—the first, only, and best job—to examine how vulnerability is balanced with contingency to produce precarity. This analysis and the landscape approach locate the political-economic transformation of work in the context of workers' lives and their labor market position. Taking precarious work is an act of balancing one's vulnerabilities in a way that constructs and thus naturalizes precarity. Overall, the article contributes an image of an economy where workers have to be opportunistic in a continual struggle for work while stratified by their personal circumstances and position in this labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Welfare Conditionality on Experiences of Job Quality (2024)
Zitatform
Jones, Katy, Sharon Wright & Lisa Scullion (2024): The Impact of Welfare Conditionality on Experiences of Job Quality. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 6, S. 1658-1679. DOI:10.1177/09500170231219677
Abstract
"This article contributes to emerging debates about how behavioural conditionality within welfare systems influences job quality. Drawing upon analysis of unique data from three waves of qualitative longitudinal interviews with 46 UK social security recipients (133 interviews), we establish that the impact of welfare conditionality is so substantial that it is no longer adequate to discuss job quality without reference to its interconnections to the welfare system. More specifically, we identify how conditionality drives welfare recipients’ experience of four core dimensions of jobquality: disempowering and propelling claimants towards inadequate pay, insecurity and poor employment terms, undermining multiple intrinsic characteristics of work and creating what we term a new ‘Work–Life–Welfare balance’. Instead of acting as a neutral arbitrator between jobseekers and employers, the welfare system is exposed as complicit in reinforcing one-sided flexibility through one-sided conditionality, by emphasising intensive job-seeking, while leaving poor-quality work provided by employers unchecked." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Subjective Job Insecurity and the Rise of the Precariat: Evidence from the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States (2024)
Zitatform
Manning, Alan & Graham Mazeine (2024): Subjective Job Insecurity and the Rise of the Precariat: Evidence from the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 106, H. 3, S. 748-761. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01196
Abstract
"There is a widespread belief that work is less secure than in the past, that an increasing share of workers are part of the “precariat.” It is hard to find much evidence for this in objective measures of job security, but perhaps subjective measures show different trends. This paper shows that in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, workers feel as secure as they ever have in the past 30 years. This is partly because job insecurity is very cyclical and (pre-COVID) unemployment rates very low, but there is also no clear underlying trend towards increased subjective measures of job insecurity. This conclusion seems robust to controlling for the changing mix of the labor force, and it is true for specific subsets of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stratified pathways into platform work: Migration trajectories and skills in Berlin's gig economy (2024)
Zitatform
Orth, Barbara (2024): Stratified pathways into platform work: Migration trajectories and skills in Berlin's gig economy. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 476-490. DOI:10.1177/0308518X231191933
Abstract
"Platform labour scholars have noted the prevalence of migrant workers in the gig economy. This paper builds on this research but interrogates the broad concept of 'migrant labour'. The study draws on biographical interviews with platform workers in grocery delivery and domestic work platforms in Berlin, Germany as well as expert interviews with union representatives, migrant organisations and white-collar platform company employees. Through an examination of the mobility strategies of platform workers in this subset of the platform economy, the study reveals a stratification of migrant trajectories and of skills needed to engage in platform work across different types of labour platforms. The study finds that platform companies draw on a workforce that consists of recently arrived young migrants with comparatively high education, language skills and digital literacy. Through close analysis of an understudied section of the gig economy, the paper contributes to the ongoing theorisation of the nexus of migration regimes and platform-mediated labour regimes. The findings complicate the notion of 'accessibility' of platform work and call for the inclusion of visa regimes, immigration categories and particular skill sets in future research on platform labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unpacking cross‐country variations in domestic worker protection regimes: Adopting a policy regime perspective (2024)
Zitatform
PAUL, Anju Mary (2024): Unpacking cross‐country variations in domestic worker protection regimes: Adopting a policy regime perspective. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 163, H. 3, S. 377-396. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12432
Abstract
"Domestic workers are some of the most vulnerable and least protected workers in the world. However, there is significant variation in domestic worker protections across countries. Using a policy regime perspective, I unpack how differing ideas, institutional arrangements and interest groups inform differences in the degree of legal protections that a country provides domestic workers. I posit that only if all three of these building blocks are present and supportive will a country institute a strong domestic worker protection regime. I apply this model to explain the incomplete/weak domestic worker protection regimes in Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa and Sweden." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Advancing Workers' Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power: The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions (2024)
Zitatform
Però, Davide & John Downey (2024): Advancing Workers' Rights in the Gig Economy through Discursive Power: The Communicative Strategies of Indie Unions. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 140-160. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103160
Abstract
"Finding limited representation in established unions, a growing number of precarious and migrant workers of the gig economy have been turning to self-organization. Yet little is known about how these workers can compensate for their lack of material resources and institutional support and negotiate effectively with employers. Drawing on interviews, frame, and content analysis grounded in ethnographic research with the precarious and migrant workers of British ‘indie’ unions, we examine the significance of self-mediation practices in facilitating effective negotiations. We find that the effectiveness of campaigns can be enhanced by strategically integrating vibrant direct action of workers and allies with self-mediated messages, which are framed to resonate with the general public and mainstream media – a practice that we call communicative unionism. These findings extend labour movement scholarship by showing the analytical importance of considering workers’ discursive power-building practices. They also contribute to addressing social movement studies’ historical neglect of workers’ collective engagements with employers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Dynamics of Control of Migrant Agency Workers: Over-Recruitment, 'The Bitchlist' and the Enterprising-Self (2024)
Zitatform
Tarrabain, Chloe & Robyn Thomas (2024): The Dynamics of Control of Migrant Agency Workers: Over-Recruitment, 'The Bitchlist' and the Enterprising-Self. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 27-43. DOI:10.1177/09500170221100934
Abstract
"This article explores migrant workers’ experiences of organisational control while undertaking temporary agency work. This study is based on a ‘covert’ ethnographic study set at a temporary employment agency that short-term contracts workers to the catering and hospitality industry. The findings show how control is perceived by workers to emerge from the over-recruitment, coupled with the allocation of work through an informal ranking system. Migrant workers’ specific socio-economic circumstances and their race and gender identities informed their responses to these systems, resulting in the buy-in to discourses of enterprise. The result was actors who are complicit, if not active, participants in self and peer regulation. As such, this article contributes to the literature on enterprising-selves, control of temporary agency workers and the wider manufacturing consent literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Marginalisierten: (Über-) Leben zwischen Mangel und Notwendigkeit (2024)
Wimmer, Christopher;Zitatform
Wimmer, Christopher (2024): Die Marginalisierten. (Über-) Leben zwischen Mangel und Notwendigkeit. Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, 302 S.
Abstract
"Christopher Wimmer blickt nach »ganz unten«. Seine These trifft den Kern der deutschen Gegenwart: Ein - wenn nicht sogar das zentrale - Ergebnis kapitalistischer Vergesellschaftung besteht in der Marginalisierung von Menschen in sozialen, politischen und kulturellen Zusammenhängen. Wimmer zeigt, wie sich Marginalisierung konkret auswirkt. Er beschäftigt sich mit der Sozialisation der Marginalisierten und stellt daraufhin ihre Arbeitssituation, ihr Alltagsleben und ihre sozialen Beziehungen ins Zentrum. Überall dort zeigen sich Auswirkungen ihrer sozialen Position. Doch auch das Bewusstsein der Marginalisierten ist von ihrer Lage beeinflusst. All dies hat Folgen für eine Politik, die sich mit sozialer Marginalisierung auseinandersetzen will." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltstext -
Literaturhinweis
Natives' and migrants' employment uncertainty and childbearing during the great recession: a comparison between Italy and Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Alderotti, Giammarco, Eleonora Mussino & Chiara Ludovica Comolli (2023): Natives' and migrants' employment uncertainty and childbearing during the great recession. A comparison between Italy and Sweden. In: European Societies, Jg. 25, H. 4, S. 539-573. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2022.2153302
Abstract
"This study contributes to the empirical research on the fertility decline registered in Europe in the aftermath of the Great Recession adopting a comparative perspective. We explore childbearing behavior during the crisis across three dimensions of vulnerability: migration background (measured as: country of origin and length of stay in the destination country), labor market uncertainty, and country of residence. We compare childbearing behavior by parity among native and migrant women with different employment statuses in Sweden and Italy. Using the Swedish population registers and the Italian Labor Force Survey, we investigate the change in childbearing probabilities between the pre-crisis (2006?2009) and the years following the onset of the crisis (2010?2015). We find that the chances of motherhood in the aftermath of the Great Recession decreased substantially among recently arrived migrant women, but also among unemployed natives and women with unstable careers. The migration and labor market vulnerabilities, however, do not accumulate: unemployment and career instability negatively affect only native women?s probability of motherhood. Finally, the country comparison demonstrates that while the duration of stay and the weaker labor market attachment reduces the chances of motherhood in both contexts, the negative effect of unemployment is particularly strong in Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Beschäftigung und depressive Symptomatik – geschlechtsabhängige Assoziationen (2023)
Zitatform
Burr, Hermann (2023): Prekäre Beschäftigung und depressive Symptomatik – geschlechtsabhängige Assoziationen. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 58, H. 5, S. 318-326. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-273034
Abstract
"Einleitung: Längsschnittstudien deuten darauf hin, dass das Risiko für die Entwicklung einer depressiven Symptomatik bei prekärer Beschäftigung bei Männern höher ist als bei Frauen. Eine südkoreanische Studie lässt vermuten, dass die Position im Haushalt diesen Unterschied erklären könnte. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob diese Risikounterschiede durch die Position im Haushalt (d.h. alleinlebend ohne Partnerin/Partner oder zusammenlebend mit Partnerin/Partner) erklärt werden können. Methoden: Die Analyse basiert auf einer Kohorte von 2009 Beschäftigten der „Studie Mentale Gesundheit bei der Arbeit“ (S-MGA) (Rose et al. 2017). Hierbei wurden fünf Indikatoren prekärer Beschäftigung verwendet: subjektive Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit, geringfügige Beschäftigung, zeitlich befristete Beschäftigung, Niedriglohn (Nettostundenlohn < 60 % des Medians) und Episoden von Arbeitslosigkeit in der Vergangenheit – ebenfalls zusammengefasst in einem Index prekärer Beschäftigung. Mögliche Assoziationen zwischen prekärer Beschäftigung im Zeitraum 2012–2017 und einer depressiven Symptomatik im Jahr 2017 wurden durch logistische Regressionsanalysen untersucht – stratifiziert nach Geschlecht und Haushaltsstatus (d. h. alleinlebend ohne Partnerin/Partner oder zusammenlebend mit Partnerin/Partner) im Jahr 2012 und adjustiert für depressive Symptomatik, Alter, beruflichen Status und Partnerschaftsstatus im Jahr 2012. Ergebnisse: Der Haushaltsstatus zeigte keine signifikanten Interaktionen mit den Indikatoren einer prekären Beschäftigung bzw. dem Index prekärer Beschäftigung, weder bei Frauen noch bei Männern. Schlussfolgerung: Es ist immer noch ungeklärt, warum in vielen Studien die Risiken von prekärer Beschäftigung für die Entwicklung einer depressiven Symptomatik bei Männern höher sind als bei Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention (2023)
Zitatform
Doorn, Niels van, Fabian Ferrari & Mark Graham (2023): Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1099-1111. DOI:10.1177/09500170221096581
Abstract
"In urban gig economies around the world, platform labour is predominantly migrant labour, yet research on the intersection of the gig economy and labour migration remains scant. Our experience with two action research projects, spanning six cities on four continents, has taught us how platform work impacts the structural vulnerability of migrant workers. This leads us to two claims that should recalibrate the gig economy research agenda. First, we argue that platform labour simultaneously degrades working conditions while offering migrants much-needed opportunities to improve their livelihoods. Second, we contend that the reclassification of gig workers as employees is by itself not sufficient to counter the precarisation of migrant gig work. Instead, we need ambitious policies at the intersection of immigration, social welfare, and employment regulation that push back against the digitally mediated commodification of migrant labour worldwide." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A multidimensional operationalization of precarious employment with a counting approach: evidence from Spain (2023)
Zitatform
García-Pérez, Carmelo, Mercedes Prieto, Jorge Seva, Hipólito Simón & Raquel Simón-Albert (2023): A multidimensional operationalization of precarious employment with a counting approach: evidence from Spain. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 5, S. 546-561. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2091744
Abstract
"The article proposes a novel multidimensional operationalization of precarious employment using the Alkire-Foster dual threshold counting approach methodology. The proposal is made in a context in which, although precarious employment tends to be considered a multidimensional construct characterized by an accumulation of unfavourable features of employment quality, there is neither a standard and generally accepted definition nor operationalization of the phenomenon in the literature. The proposed methodology has the advantages that it can be easily applied to the usual content of most labour surveys, and that it allows an analysis of both the scale and the nature of precariousness. The illustrative evidence obtained for Spain reveals both a high incidence of multidimensional precariousness (affecting almost 40% of wage earners) and a high intensity (multidimensional precarious wage earners suffer from around 3 job deprivations). Moreover, it shows that employment precariousness is highly persistent over time and tends to grow over time and that there is great heterogeneity in the scope of the phenomenon according to its individual incidence and among different groups of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jung, akademisch, prekär: Studentische Beschäftigte an Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen : eine Ausnahme vom dualen System regulierter Arbeitsbeziehungen (2023)
Zitatform
Hopp, Marvin, Ann-Kathrin Hoffmann, Aaron Zielke, Lukas Leslie & Martin Seeliger (2023): Jung, akademisch, prekär. Studentische Beschäftigte an Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen : eine Ausnahme vom dualen System regulierter Arbeitsbeziehungen. Bremen, 178 S.
Abstract
"Das Forschungsprojekt „Jung, akademisch, prekär?“ wird vom Institut für Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Kooperation mit ver.di und GEW durchgeführt. Gegenstand des Projektes ist eine bundesweite Beschäftigtenbefragung. Insgesamt wurden im Zeitraum vom 30. Januar 2022 bis zum 22. Juli 2022 11.107 studentische/wissenschaftliche Hilfskräfte und Tutor*innen zu ihren Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und Arbeitsbedingungen befragt. Die Studie ist damit die bisher umfassendste Erhebung im Feld. Untersucht wurden unter anderem die Auswirkungen geringer Regulierung. So arbeiten die jungen Studierenden (mit Ausnahme Berlins) in einem nicht tariflich abgesicherten Bereich, sind in den meisten Bundesländern entweder unmittelbar oder mittelbar von den Personalvertretungsgesetzen der Länder ausgenommen und unterliegen Sonderregelungen, die auf Basis des Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetzes im Zeitraum von 6 Jahren freie Hand bei Vertragslaufzeiten und -anzahl lässt. Auf Basis der Datenlage wird gezeigt, welche Auswirkungen diese besondere Konstellation auf die soziale Lage, soziale Zusammensetzung, Ausgestaltung der Verträge und in letzter Konsequenz die Einhaltung von Arbeitnehmer:innenrechten hat. Das Beispiel Berlin zeigt wiederum, dass eine Integration studentischer Beschäftigter in das „duale System“ regulierter Arbeitsbeziehungen möglich ist und dies positive Auswirkungen auf soziale Lage der Beschäftigten sowie die Einhaltung derer Arbeitnehmer*innenrechte hat. Die vorgelegten Forschungsergebnisse werden von den Gewerkschaften ver.di und GEW in die Spitzengespräche mit der Tarifgemeinschaft deutscher Länder (TdL – Arbeitgeberverband der Länder) über eine Bestandsaufnahme zu den Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsbedingungen studentischer Beschäftigter eingebracht. Die Gespräche sollen aus Sicht der Gewerkschaften eine Tarifierung der studentischen/wissenschaftliche Hilfskräfte und Tutor*innen vorbereiten." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New tech, old exploitation: Gig economy, algorithmic control and migrant labour (2023)
Zitatform
Lata, Lutfun Nahar, Jasmine Burdon & Tim Reddel (2023): New tech, old exploitation: Gig economy, algorithmic control and migrant labour. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. e13028. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13028
Abstract
"Digital platforms are the newest technological wave that is reshaping and reconfiguring the economic and labour landscape. Digital platforms often known as the gig economy are increasingly adopting app-based models to connect consumers with workers to complete their on-demand tasks. However, on-demand platforms continue to rely on the unequal division of labour and the precarious nature of the work to create labour markets that can respond accordingly to the increase in service provision. This review highlights two main themes that have emerged within the on-demand gig economy in the current literature—mythical autonomy and algorithmic control and misclassification of labour and the complexity of migrant workers in navigating this space. Finally, this review calls for further research into the inside/outside dichotomy of migrant labour within the gig economy and their experiences of labour exploitation through app-based digital platforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Beschäftigung - prekäre Teilhabe: Ausländische Arbeitskräfte im deutschen Niedriglohnsektor (2023)
Loschert, Franziska; Kolb, Holger; Schork, Franziska;Zitatform
Loschert, Franziska, Holger Kolb & Franziska Schork (2023): Prekäre Beschäftigung - prekäre Teilhabe. Ausländische Arbeitskräfte im deutschen Niedriglohnsektor. (SVR-Studie / Sachverständigenrat für Integration und Migration 2023-1), Berlin, 118 S.
Abstract
"Ausländische Arbeitskräfte sind in vielen Branchen der deutschen Wirtschaft längst unverzichtbar geworden. Dazu zählen auch solche Sektoren, in denen prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse, die durch geringe Entlohnung und harte Arbeitsbedingungen gekennzeichnet sind, oftmals nicht die Ausnahme, sondern die Regel sind. Der SVR untersucht im Rahmen einer qualitativen Interviewstudie die Ursachen und Folgen von Prekaritätsverhältnissen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, die ausländische Arbeitskräfte betreffen. Die Studie gibt praxisorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen für Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Is multidimensional precarious employment higher for women? (2023)
Zitatform
Murillo-Huertas, Inés P., Raul Ramos, Hipólito Simón & Raquel Simón-Albert (2023): Is multidimensional precarious employment higher for women? In: The Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 65, H. 1, S. 44-71. DOI:10.1177/00221856221128873
Abstract
"This article examines the relative employment situation of female employees from a novel perspective based on the construction of multidimensional indicators of employment precariousness that allow examining its scale and nature. The evidence obtained for Spain shows that both the intensity and incidence of precarious employment are significantly higher for women, to the point that half of the women are multidimensionally precarious (with an incidence which is 40% higher than that of men) and precarious females simultaneously suffer on average from nearly three deficiencies in their jobs. Although female employment precariousness is highly persistent over time, it also exhibits significant oscillations plausibly linked to changes in the economy's cyclical position and in labor market regulations. Moreover, it exhibits a great heterogeneity by subgroups (it has even an extreme nature for certain subgroups of females) and by individuals (25% of women suffer between three and six job deficiencies, which compares with 24% of women having jobs without any type of deficiency). Finally, although the greater labor precariousness of women is largely explained by their observed characteristics, particularly by their greater presence in part-time jobs, women still have a greater probability of being precarious than observationally similar men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A world of unstable jobs is far from the empirical trends displayed in the Irish labor market in the 21st century (2023)
Zitatform
Murphy, Caroline & Thomas Turner (2023): A world of unstable jobs is far from the empirical trends displayed in the Irish labor market in the 21st century. In: The Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 65, H. 5, S. 734-744. DOI:10.1177/00221856231193295
Abstract
"Labor market dynamics are complex, limiting the capacity for consensus on a singular phenomenon to account for patterns. In this paper, we present a range of broader empirical trends from the Irish labor market that suggests the possible impact of neoliberal-type policies in the Irish market has been counterbalanced by strong human capital and skills development, growth in higher level occupations and employment protection. Though precarious work is a feature of parts of the labor market, the theoretical assumptions underpinning precarious work we argue should not be extrapolated to explain changes in job stability in the labor market at large." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and labour unrest during the pandemic: Studies from Germany and Austria (2023)
Zitatform
Neuhauser, Johanna & Peter Birke (2023): Migration and labour unrest during the pandemic: Studies from Germany and Austria. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 426-443. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.31
Abstract
"This paper presents the results of research, which highlights the situation during the pandemic in sectors characterized by low wages and a high turnover of workers. The empirical basis is formed by company case studies in the meat industry, postal services, and mask production in Germany and Austria. This paper discusses the significance of different locations (at and beyond the workplace) and forms (‘exit’ and ‘voice’) of labor unrest in sectors of the economy that are characterized by a predominance of the use of migrant labor. It questions how conflicts over migrant labor have been articulated and possibly changed in the pandemic, and what factors may have contributed not only to an upsurge but also to the containment, regulation, and repression, of labor unrest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'It was doing my head in': Low-paid multiple employment and zero hours work (2023)
Zitatform
Smith, Andrew & Jo McBride (2023): 'It was doing my head in': Low-paid multiple employment and zero hours work. In: BJIR, Jg. 61, H. 1, S. 3-23. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12689
Abstract
"This article explores the lived experiences and working time complexities of low-paid workers in legitimate multiple employment and zero hours work. Based on detailed qualitative research, these workers have 2, 3, 4, 5 and even 7 different jobs out of necessity due to low-pay, unpredictable working hours and employment precarity. The research reveals that workers need to be available for (potential) work at any point but may not actually be offered any hours, which we argue constitutes unremunerated labour time. The findings highlight a densification of working time with zero hours work as employers maximize productive effort into specifically numbered, demarcated and minimized working hours, which tightens the porosity of labour. There is a dual fragmentation and individualization of employment, as these workers traverse multiple, expansive, complex and dynamic temporalities of work. This study identifies new economic and temporal indeterminacies of labour, which fundamentally transform the employment relationship and wage-effort bargain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Beschäftigung und unsichere Haushaltslagen im Lebensverlauf: gibt es in Deutschland ein verfestigtes Prekariat? (2022)
Zitatform
Allmendinger, Jutta, Kerstin Jahn, Markus Promberger, Brigitte Schels & Stefan Stuth (2022): Prekäre Beschäftigung und unsichere Haushaltslagen im Lebensverlauf. Gibt es in Deutschland ein verfestigtes Prekariat? In: Rosenke, Werena (Hrsg.) (2022): Alles rund ums Wohnen und Nicht-Wohnen, S. 9-36.
Abstract
"Prekäre Beschäftigung und unsichere Haushaltslagen im Lebensverlauf: Gibt es in Deutschland ein verfestigtes Prekariat? Vor dem Hintergrund des Strukturwandels der Erwerbsarbeit in den letzten Jahrzehnten sind die Begriffe Prekariat und Prekarität nach wie vor Gegenstand aktueller Debatten. Prekäre Beschäftigung scheint in Deutschland alltäglich geworden, jedoch in sozialer Hinsicht problematisch geblieben zu sein. Für den statistischen Nachweis und die Größenbestimmung eines Prekariats, verstanden als zeitlich stabile soziale Gruppe, deren Angehörige dauerhaft wenig Chancen auf Besserung ihrer Lage haben, fehlten in Deutschland bisher jedoch Längsschnittstudien. Erschwert wird die wissenschaftliche Befundlage überdies dadurch, dass prekäre Beschäftigung und prekäre Haushaltslagen bisher meist getrennt voneinander analysiert wurden. Der Beitrag untersucht die Frage, ob sich in Deutschland tatsächlich ein verfestigtes Prekariat herausgebildet hat, indem sowohl Beschäftigungs- als auch Haushaltsverläufe mithilfe einer Typisierung durch Sequenzclusteranalysen einbezogen werden. Grundlage ist das Sozio-ökonomische Panel (SOEP) in zwei Zehnjahresperioden von 1993 bis 2012; rund 10?000 befragte Erwerbspersonen werden über eine komplexe Indexbildung auf den Grad der Prekarität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass etwa ein Achtel der deutschen Erwerbsbevölkerung dauerhaft prekär beschäftigt ist und auch im Haushaltskontext unter prekären Umständen lebt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Promberger, Markus; -
Literaturhinweis
Uncertain Time: Precarious Schedules and Job Turnover in the US Service Sector (2022)
Zitatform
Choper, Joshua, Daniel Schneider & Kristen Harknett (2022): Uncertain Time: Precarious Schedules and Job Turnover in the US Service Sector. In: ILR review, Jg. 75, H. 5, S. 1099-1132. DOI:10.1177/00197939211048484
Abstract
"The authors develop a model of cumulative disadvantage relating three axes of disadvantage for hourly workers in the US retail and food service sectors: schedule instability, turnover, and earnings. In this model, exposure to unstable work schedules disrupts workers’ family and economic lives, straining the employment relation and increasing the likelihood of turnover, which can then lead to earnings losses. Drawing on new panel data from 1,827 hourly workers in retail and food service collected as part of the Shift Project, the authors demonstrate that exposure to schedule instability is a strong, robust predictor of turnover for workers with relatively unstable schedules (about one-third of the sample). Slightly less than half of this relationship is mediated by job satisfaction and another quarter by work–family conflict. Job turnover is generally associated with earnings losses due to unemployment, but workers leaving jobs with moderately unstable schedules experience earnings growth upon re-employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
With or without U(nions)? Understanding the diversity of gig workers' organizing practices in Italy and the UK (2022)
Zitatform
Cini, Lorenzo, Vincenzo Maccarrone & Arianna Tassinari (2022): With or without U(nions)? Understanding the diversity of gig workers' organizing practices in Italy and the UK. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 341-362. DOI:10.1177/09596801211052531
Abstract
"Since 2016, mobilizations of gig workers across European countries have become increasingly common within location-based services, such as food delivery. Despite remarkable similarities in workers’ mobilization dynamics, their organizational forms have varied considerably, ranging from self-organization, to work councils, to unionization through rank-and-file or longstanding unions. To start making sense of this diversity in organizing practices, we compare two cases of mobilization in the food delivery sector: in Italy, where workers have initially opted for self-organization, and in the UK, where they have organized through rank-and-file unions. Drawing on interview and observational data gathered between 2016 and 2018, we find that the diversity of organizational forms across the two cases derives from the interaction between agential and contextual factors, namely: the capabilities of rank-and-file unions and the political tradition of militant organizing of the environment within which gig workers are embedded. These findings contribute to the emerging debate on labour relations in the gig economy by showing the central role that factors external to the labour process and to the institutional context play in shaping the structuring of labour antagonism in a still lowly institutionalized sector characterized by transnationally homogenous challenges." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Working While Feeling Awful Is Normal": One Roma's Experience of Presenteeism (2022)
Zitatform
Collins, Helen, Susan Barry & Piotr Dzuga (2022): "Working While Feeling Awful Is Normal": One Roma's Experience of Presenteeism. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 362-371. DOI:10.1177/0950017021998950
Abstract
"This article presents an account of a young Roma man’s lived experience of working in the agricultural sector while sick, and shines a spotlight on the impact of precarious work, low pay and eligibility, and access to sick pay, with particular emphasis on Roma, and how these factors interconnect to foster presenteeism. The repercussions of presenteeism, relayed through Piotr’s personal narrative and reflections about his work, family role, ambition and daily survival, enrich public sociology about this under explored area of migrant Roma’s working life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))