Berufliche Mobilität
Eine Tätigkeit, die mehr Spaß verspricht, ein höheres Gehalt oder bessere Entwicklungsperspektiven: Es gibt viele Gründe, nicht länger im erlernten oder ausgeübten Beruf tätig zu sein. Nicht immer sind sie jedoch so erfreulich: Auslöser kann auch eine Entlassung sein.
Dieses Themendossier bietet Literaturhinweise zur beruflichen Mobilitätsforschung in Deutschland und in anderen Ländern. Sie erschließt theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse - beispielsweise zu den Fragen: Sind Berufswechsel lohnend? Für wen sind sie mit besonderen Risiken verbunden? Wie gut lassen sich bei einem beruflichen Neustart die bisher erworbenen Qualifikationen verwerten?
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Theoretische Konzepte und Methoden
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Berufliche Mobilität in Deutschland
- Institutionelle und sozioökonomische Determinanten beruflicher Mobilität
- Berufliche Mobilität bei Einzelberufen/Berufsgruppen/Fachrichtungen
- Berufliche Mobilität bei besonderen Personengruppen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Qualifikation
- Berufliche Mobilität und Einkommen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Auf-/Abstiegsprozesse
- Berufliche Mobilitätsverläufe
- Berufliche Mobilität in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Trends in sector switching: evidence from employer-employee data (2013)
Zitatform
Frederiksen, Anders & Jesper Rosenberg Hansen (2013): Trends in sector switching. Evidence from employer-employee data. (University Aarhus. Economics working paper 2013-11), Aarhus, 34 S.
Abstract
"Sector switching is new to the public administration literature and our knowledge about the prevalence and trends is limited. Yet, sector switching is an important phenomenon which casts light on public-private differences. We study sector switching in a modern economy using unique Danish register-based employer-employee data covering more than 25 years. We find that sector switching constitutes 18.5 percent of all job-to-job mobility and the trend is increasing both in general, for administrative professionals, for top managers and, in particular, for middle managers. These findings are robust to controlling for general trends in labour market mobility, unemployment and economic growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Repeated job quits: stepping stones or learning about quality? (2013)
Gielen, Anne C.;Zitatform
Gielen, Anne C. (2013): Repeated job quits. Stepping stones or learning about quality? In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 2, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1186/2193-9012-2-7
Abstract
"Increasing labor mobility is high on the political agenda because of its supposedly positive effects on labor market functioning. However, little attention has been paid to information imperfections, and to what extent they limit potential efficiency gains of labor mobility. When the quality of a new job offer is known ex ante, job quits serve as a stepping stone to better jobs. Yet, if job quality is only observed ex post, job quits may lead to worse matches. This paper argues that actual job quit behavior is characterized by a mixture of both, and investigates the relative empirical content of both extremes in quit decisions. A variance decomposition shows that for nearly 70% of job quits job quality was observed ex-ante; the remaining 30% was learned ex post. Hence, stimulating job mobility mostly improves labor market outcomes, though governments may aim to further reduce information imperfections in order to maximize the efficacy of labor policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Diverging top and converging bottom: labour flexibilization and changes in career mobility in the USA (2013)
Kim, Young-Mi;Zitatform
Kim, Young-Mi (2013): Diverging top and converging bottom. Labour flexibilization and changes in career mobility in the USA. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 27, H. 5, S. 860-879. DOI:10.1177/0950017012464418
Abstract
"The purpose of this study is to explore changes in career mobility in the US labour market during the late 1990s and early 2000s, a period in which career boundaries weakened and workers' employment options became increasingly flexible. Using multiple panel data of a nationally representative sample of US employees between 1990 and 2003, the pattern of workers' short-term movement across various types of boundaries in the labour market is analysed, as well as change over time and by skill group. The result shows that although the probability of switching firms increased for all workers, the career trajectories of lower-skilled groups showed increasingly opposite trends from those of higher-skilled groups. In particular, occupational immobility was reduced significantly for workers in lower-skilled occupations, yet their changes of occupation occurred mainly within their origin class, resulting in strengthening of class boundaries. Implications of this finding are discussed in light of recent debate on class stratification." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational occupational mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850 (2013)
Long, Jason; Ferrie, Joseph;Zitatform
Long, Jason & Joseph Ferrie (2013): Intergenerational occupational mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850. In: The American economic review, Jg. 103, H. 4, S. 1109-1137. DOI:10.1257/aer.103.4.1109
Abstract
"The US tolerates more inequality than Europe and believes its economic mobility is greater than Europe's, though they had roughly equal rates of intergenerational occupational mobility in the late twentieth century. We extend this comparison into the nineteenth century using 10,000 nationally-representative British and US fathers and sons. The US was more mobile than Britain through 1900, so in the experience of those who created the US welfare state in the 1930s, the US had indeed been 'exceptional'. The US mobility lead over Britain was erased by the 1950s, as US mobility fell from its nineteenth century levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Theory of worker turnover and knowledge transfer in high-technology industries (2013)
Shankar, Kameshwari; Ghosh, Suman;Zitatform
Shankar, Kameshwari & Suman Ghosh (2013): Theory of worker turnover and knowledge transfer in high-technology industries. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 107-129. DOI:10.1086/671188
Abstract
"This paper builds a theoretical model to address evidence on labor mobility patterns in high-technology firms engaged in R&D. Worker turnover in these industries enables the efficient transfer of R&D knowledge across firms in a production environment characterized by volatile returns to R&D investment.We show that both the size and composition of labor turnover are affected by the extent to which R&D knowledge can be transferred and applied across the production processes of different firms. Our analysis also provides implications of such labor mobility for industry growth. We explain how labor turnover in the presence of knowledge transfer has contributed to the success of the high-technology cluster in Silicon Valley." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Money on the table?: firms' and workers' gains from productivity spillovers through worker mobility (2013)
Stoyanov, Andrey; Zubanov, Nikolay;Zitatform
Stoyanov, Andrey & Nikolay Zubanov (2013): Money on the table? Firms' and workers' gains from productivity spillovers through worker mobility. (IZA discussion paper 7702), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"We estimate how much of the gains from productivity spillovers through worker mobility is retained by the hiring firms, by the workers who bring spillovers, and by the other workers. Using linked employer-employee data from Danish manufacturing for the period 1995-2007, we find that at least two-thirds of the total output gain of 0.11% per year is netted by the firms, while the workers who bring spillovers receive at most 6% of it as the wage premium. The large share retained by the firms implies that spillovers through worker mobility are mostly a positive externality to them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of career adaptabilities for mid-career changers (2012)
Brown, Alan; Bimrose, Jenny; Hughes, Deirdre; Barnes, Sally-Anne;Zitatform
Brown, Alan, Jenny Bimrose, Sally-Anne Barnes & Deirdre Hughes (2012): The role of career adaptabilities for mid-career changers. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 80, H. 3, S. 754-761. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.003
Abstract
"Career adaptability is mediated by personality factors and socio-psychological processes, with learning playing an important role. Using a five-fold career adapt-abilities competency framework (defined here as control, curiosity, commitment, confidence and concern), which was developed from the international quantitative study that is the focus of this special edition, an explicitly qualitative study of the career biographies of mid-career changers from two European countries was undertaken. Data from 64 in-depth interviews with adults in contrasting labor markets from Norway and the UK were analysed deductively, using a career adapt-abilities framework. Results demonstrate the utility of the framework, as well as how adaptive adults used both formal and informal learning to develop career adapt-ability competencies, over time, across occupations and occupational sectors. A key conclusion relates to how this career adapt-abilities competency framework could be used to motivate adults in mid-career to adopt behaviors that help them effect positive career change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
To be or not to be... a scientist? (2012)
Chevalier, Arnaud;Zitatform
Chevalier, Arnaud (2012): To be or not to be... a scientist? (IZA discussion paper 6353), Bonn, 26 S.
Abstract
"Policy makers generally advocate that to remain competitive countries need to train more scientists. Employers regularly complain of qualified scientist shortages blaming the higher wages in other occupations for luring graduates out of scientific occupations. Using a survey of recent British graduates from Higher Education we report that fewer than 50% of science graduates work in a scientific occupation three years after graduation. The wage premium observed for science graduates stems from occupational choice rather than a science degree. Accounting for selection into subject and occupation, the returns to working in a scientific occupation reaches 18% and there is no return to a science degree outside scientific occupations. Finally, scientists working in a scientific occupation are more satisfied with their educational and career choices, which suggests that those not working in these occupations have been pushed out of careers in science." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The mover's advantage: scientific performance of mobile academics (2012)
Zitatform
Franzoni, Chiara, Giuseppe Scellato & Paula Stephan (2012): The mover's advantage. Scientific performance of mobile academics. (NBER working paper 18577), Cambridge, Mass., 45 S. DOI:10.3386/w18577
Abstract
"We investigate performance differentials associated with mobility for research active scientists residing in a broad spectrum of countries and working in a broad spectrum of fields using data from the GlobSci survey. We distinguish between two categories of mobile scientists: (1) those studying or working in a country other than that of origin and (2) those who have returned to their native country after a spell of study or work abroad. We compare the performance of these mobile scientists to natives who have never experienced a spell of mobility and are studying or working in their country of origin. We find evidence that mobile scientists perform better than those who have not experienced mobility. Among the mobile, we find some evidence that those who return perform better than the foreign born save in the United States, suggesting that positive selection is not at work in determining who remains outside the country. This is supported by the finding that for most countries the performance of returnees is no different than that of compatriots who remain abroad after controlling for other effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Trends in occupational mobility in France: 1982-2009 (2012)
Zitatform
Lalé, Etienne (2012): Trends in occupational mobility in France: 1982-2009. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 373-387. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2012.03.005
Abstract
"Are labor markets more turbulent now than thirty years ago? Most job and worker flows imply that the answer is 'no', with one exception: occupational mobility, which increased substantially in the United States. This paper remedies the lack of comparable evidence by focusing on France for the years 1982 to 2009. After correcting for various statistical biases and discrepancies that affect the measurement of occupational mobility, it documents this reallocation process overall and in different subgroups. The data reveal that, over the period considered, the fraction of workers switching occupation exhibits no trend in the aggregate because changing demographics mask increases in mobility within several age and education groups. After taking these composition effects into account, occupational mobility increased sharply in France as well." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The relationship between external job mobility and salary attainment across career stages (2012)
Lam, Simon S. K.; Feldman, Daniel C.; Ng, Thomas W. H.;Zitatform
Lam, Simon S. K., Thomas W. H. Ng & Daniel C. Feldman (2012): The relationship between external job mobility and salary attainment across career stages. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 129-136. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.002
Abstract
"The current study examines the relationship between external job mobility and salary for employees in different career stages. Based on career stage and career timetable theories, we predict that external job mobility would generate the greatest salary benefits for early-career employees whereas external job mobility would generate fewer salary benefits for employees in mid- and late career stages. Data collected from multiple industries in Hong Kong and the United States consistently show that, as expected, highly mobile early-career employees earn significantly greater salaries than their less mobile peers do. The positive effects of external job mobility on salary were stronger for early-career workers than for mid-and late-career workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lohnentwicklung 1994 bis 2008: Berufswechsler in Deutschland und Großbritannien (2012)
Zitatform
Nisic, Natascha & Parvati Trübswetter (2012): Lohnentwicklung 1994 bis 2008: Berufswechsler in Deutschland und Großbritannien. (IAB-Kurzbericht 01/2012), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Das Ausmaß beruflicher Mobilität wird häufig als Indikator für die Flexibilität von Arbeitsmärkten gesehen. Aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Perspektive steht dabei die Anpassungsfähigkeit an den Strukturwandel im Vordergrund. Aus Sicht der einzelnen Arbeitnehmer eröffnen berufliche Veränderungen die Möglichkeit, in attraktivere Berufe zu wechseln. Hier werden die kurz- und langfristigen Effekte eines Berufswechsels auf die Löhne von abhängig Beschäftigten in Deutschland und Großbritannien untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich die Bedeutung institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen, die zum Teil sehr unterschiedliche Erwerbs- und Arbeitsmarktchancen für Arbeitnehmer erzeugen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Trübswetter, Parvati; -
Literaturhinweis
Perceived career challenges and response strategies of women in the advanced technology sector (2012)
Orser, Barbara; Stanley, Joanne; Riding, Allan;Zitatform
Orser, Barbara, Allan Riding & Joanne Stanley (2012): Perceived career challenges and response strategies of women in the advanced technology sector. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 24, H. 1/2, S. 73-93.
Abstract
"The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the perceived barriers to career advancement specific to women in the advanced technology sectors. Strategies employed in response to perceived barriers are also examined. Empirical results are based on analysis of qualitative data from a sample of 115 women members of Canadian Women in Technology. Personal-, firm- and industry-level barriers to career advancement were documented. The respondents attributed a high proportion of the challenges they encountered to gender. Respondents were most likely to resolve challenges through personal, or 'do-it-yourself', solutions. Few cited firm- or industry-related support structures. While mentoring was identified as a frequently used response strategy through which women address career challenges, the majority of firms in the advanced technology sector lack sufficient numbers of suitable women mentors. The lack of mentorship opportunities is particularly acute for women entrepreneurs. The findings are discussed from the context of contradictions between an industry need to attract and retain entrepreneurial talent and respondents' perceived career barriers. Industry-level remedial strategies are advanced in the form of: a women's mentoring programme; case studies about successful women entrepreneurs and a website to inform women about career advancement strategies. The programmes were designed by the research team to respond to the challenges cited by women and were implemented in cooperation with the trade association as a critical component of an on-going applied research programme." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance and job turnover in Spain (2012)
Rebollo-Sanz, Yolanda;Zitatform
Rebollo-Sanz, Yolanda (2012): Unemployment insurance and job turnover in Spain. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 403-426. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2012.02.008
Abstract
"The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the potential relationships between the unemployment insurance system and labour market turnover. This study assumes the incentives embedded in the unemployment insurance system have a heterogeneous impact, depending on the type of labour market transition (quits versus layoffs and recalls versus new job entrances) and on a worker's attachment to the labour market (gender and type of contract). The layoff hazard rate increases as workers qualify for unemployment benefits, whilst the quit hazard rate remains stable. Similarly, employment inflow increases sharply after the exhaustion of unemployment benefits. The timing and importance of the exit differ between recalls and new job entry and depend on a worker's attachment to the labour market. The results show that unemployment benefits appear to favour job turnover and both firms' and workers' decisions seem to matter" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational mobility and the change in the occupational structure in Britain and Germany, 1993-2008 (2012)
Rhein, Thomas; Trübswetter, Parvati;Zitatform
Rhein, Thomas & Parvati Trübswetter (2012): Occupational mobility and the change in the occupational structure in Britain and Germany, 1993-2008. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 19, H. 7, S. 653-656., 2011-05-25. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2011.593492
Abstract
Auf der Basis des British Household Panel Survey und des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels für Deutschland werden mit Hilfe der International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO-88) für den Zeitraum 1993 bis 2008 Veränderungen der Berufsstruktur für die beiden Länder ermittelt. Es zeigt sich, dass die berufliche Mobilität in Großbritannien mehr als dreimal so groß ist wie in Deutschland. In einem weiteren Untersuchungsschritt wird festgestellt, dass das stark regulierte berufliche System in Deutschland allerdings kein Hinderungsgrund für den beruflichen Wandel darstellt. (IAB)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Trübswetter, Parvati; -
Literaturhinweis
Die berufliche Mobilität: eine Analyse aufgrund der Ergebnisse der Schweizerischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung (SAKE) von 1993 bis 2011 (2012)
Zitatform
Schweiz, Bundesamt für Statistik (2012): Die berufliche Mobilität. Eine Analyse aufgrund der Ergebnisse der Schweizerischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung (SAKE) von 1993 bis 2011. (BFS Aktuell : 03, Arbeit und Erwerb), Neuchâtel, 15 S.
Abstract
"In der Analyse geht es um die berufliche Mobilität in Bezug auf Stellenwechsel oder Austritte aus dem Erwerbsleben. 18,2% der im Jahr 2010 Erwerbstätigen haben innerhalb eines Jahres ihren Arbeitsplatz verlassen; sie haben die Stelle gewechselt (11,6%) oder ihren Arbeitsmarktstatus verändert (6,6% sind entweder neu erwerbslos gemäß ILO oder aus dem Erwerbsleben ausgetreten). In den vergangenen 20 Jahren waren hinsichtlich der Stellenwechsel keine langfristigen Tendenzen (weder steigende noch sinkende) festzustellen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Career mobility in Italy: a growth curves analysis of occupational attainment in the twentieth century (2011)
Barone, Carlo; Schizzerotto, Antonio; Lucchini, Mario;Zitatform
Barone, Carlo, Mario Lucchini & Antonio Schizzerotto (2011): Career mobility in Italy. A growth curves analysis of occupational attainment in the twentieth century. In: European Societies, Jg. 13, H. 3, S. 377-400. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.568254
Abstract
"This article examines the role of social origins and education for career mobility in contemporary Italy by means of growth curves models. We find that opportunities for career advancement are rather limited and that risks of downward mobility are virtually negligible. Although this picture displays a noticeable degree of stability over time, a moderate increase of career fluidity across cohorts can be detected. Moreover, social origins and education exert a marked influence on the first occupation, while the subsequent career-adjustment of these initial social inequalities is rather limited. Furthermore, the small influence of origins and education on career opportunities does not display any systematic trend across cohorts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Education, social origins and career (im)mobility in contemporary Italy: a holistic and categorical approach (2011)
Bison, Ivano;Zitatform
Bison, Ivano (2011): Education, social origins and career (im)mobility in contemporary Italy. A holistic and categorical approach. In: European Societies, Jg. 13, H. 3, S. 481-503. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.568257
Abstract
"Italy has always been characterized by low rates of career mobility. However, whilst the essential features of intragenerational (im)mobility in Italy are relatively well known, much less is known about the pattern of the specific paths linking the class of the first job with later class positions. To date, no studies of career mobility have been conducted in holistic terms; that is, based on examination of the entire sequence of the class positions occupied by an individual during his/her work history. This paper develops a typology of sequences of transition from one social class to another which preserves the qualitative differences among individual sequences. We introduce a new method to measure resemblance among sequences in order to identify the main career paths observable in Italy. We then examine how these profiles have changed over time because of transformations in the economic system and of the changing size of different social classes. Furthermore, we will try to determine whether and how social origins and education affect the probabilities of following those paths. The results show that social origins: 1) still influence the career patterns of younger cohorts); and 2) play a very important role in modifying the chances of highly-educated people to enter the upward career patterns leading to the service class or to white-collar positions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A longitudinal study of the determinants and outcomes of career change (2011)
Carless, Sally A.; Arnup, Jessica L.;Zitatform
Carless, Sally A. & Jessica L. Arnup (2011): A longitudinal study of the determinants and outcomes of career change. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 80-91. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.09.002
Abstract
"The present longitudinal field study investigated the antecedents and consequences of an actual career change. The framework for this study was Rhodes and Doering's (1983) model of career change. We examined the effect of individual and organisational characteristics on career change behaviour. The individual characteristics were: traits (Openness to Experience, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and general self-efficacy), demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, and children), human capital (education level and occupational tenure), job satisfaction, job search activity and intentions to leave; and organisational factors (job security and salary). The findings showed that a range of individual characteristics were associated with career change including, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, gender, age, educational level, and occupation tenure. However, job security was the only organisational factor related to career change. One year after career change, individuals reported higher job satisfaction, improved job security and a reduction in the number of hours worked." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job mobility and the gender wage gap in Italy (2011)
Zitatform
Del Bono, Emilia & Daniela Vuri (2011): Job mobility and the gender wage gap in Italy. In: Labour economics, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 130-142. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.06.002
Abstract
"This paper investigates the way in which job mobility contributes to the emergence of a gender wage gap in the Italian labour market. We show that men experience higher wage growth than women during the first 10 years of their career, and that this difference is particularly large when workers move across firms. This gender mobility penalty is robust to the inclusion of individual, job and firm characteristics, to different ways of accounting for individual unobserved heterogeneity, and is mainly found for voluntary job moves. Exploring the wage growth of job movers, we find that a significant gender wage penalty emerges when workers move to larger firms. This might be explained by the fact that bigger establishments offer jobs more highly valued by women than men or that the relationship between job satisfaction and firm size is less negative for women than men. Using data on job satisfaction, we find evidence for the latter hypothesis as well as some indication that wages and fringe benefits compensate for lower levels of job satisfaction in larger firms, but that this is so only for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career changers in teaching jobs: a case study based on the Swiss vocational education system (2011)
Zitatform
Hof, Stefanie, Mirjam Strupler & Stefan C. Wolter (2011): Career changers in teaching jobs. A case study based on the Swiss vocational education system. (IZA discussion paper 5806), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates the determinants and motives of professionals who change career to vocational teaching. The framework for this study is the Swiss vocational education system, which requires that teachers of vocational subjects must have a prior career in that specific field. Thus, to work in teaching, every vocational teacher has to change his or her initial career. This paper focuses on the relevance of monetary motives for changing a career to teaching. Using a unique data set of trainee teachers, we show that professionals who change their careers to teaching earned on average more in their first career than comparable workers in the same occupation. Our findings additionally demonstrate that the average career changer still expects to earn significantly more as a teacher than in the former career. However, the study shows substantial heterogeneity and a zero wage elasticity of the teacher supply, suggesting that non-monetary motives are more relevant for career change than monetary factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How destructive is creative destruction? Effects of job loss on job mobility, withdrawal and income (2011)
Huttunen, Kristiina; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Møen, Jarle;Zitatform
Huttunen, Kristiina, Jarle Møen & Kjell G. Salvanes (2011): How destructive is creative destruction? Effects of job loss on job mobility, withdrawal and income. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 9, H. 5, S. 840-870. DOI:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01027.x
Abstract
"We analyze short and long-term effects of worker displacement. Our sample consists of male workers displaced from Norwegian manufacturing plants. We find that displacement increases the probability of leaving the labor force by 31%. The drop-out rate from the labor force is particularly high in the first years following displacement. The average earnings effects for those who remain in the labor force are moderate, a 3% loss relative to non-displaced workers after seven years. Splitting displaced workers on within- and between-firm movers, we find that the estimated earnings loss is entirely driven by between-firm movers who experience a 3.6% loss. Transfers to other plants within multi-plant firms upon displacement are quite common. Our results support the view that human capital is partly firm specific and partly industry specific. We find no evidence suggesting that human capital is plant specific." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lohnentwicklung von Berufswechslern in Deutschland und Großbritannien: Wann lohnt sich der Weg aus der Backstube? (2011)
Zitatform
Nisic, Natascha & Parvati Trübswetter (2011): Lohnentwicklung von Berufswechslern in Deutschland und Großbritannien: Wann lohnt sich der Weg aus der Backstube? In: IAB-Forum H. 1, S. 64-69., 2011-08-01. DOI:10.3278/IFO1101W064
Abstract
"Während die hohe Bedeutung von Ausbildungszertifikaten in Deutschland Geringqualifizierten den Zugang zu besser bezahlten Berufen verwehrt, können Hochschulabsolventen berufliche Wechsel zum Karriereaufstieg nutzen. In der weniger starren Berufsstruktur Großbritanniens lohnen sich Berufswechsel hingegen für alle. Der Wechsel erfolgt allerdings zumeist dann, wenn Beschäftigte in ihrem bisher ausgeübten Beruf Gehaltseinbußen hinnehmen mussten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Trübswetter, Parvati; -
Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and occupational mobility at the beginning of employment career in Germany and the UK (2011)
Schmelzer, Paul;Zitatform
Schmelzer, Paul (2011): Unemployment and occupational mobility at the beginning of employment career in Germany and the UK. (IAB-Discussion Paper 25/2011), Nürnberg, 24 S.
Abstract
"Gerade am Anfang der Erwerbskarriere ist Arbeitslosigkeit keine Seltenheit. In diesem Artikel argumentieren wir, dass in Abhängigkeit von institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen Arbeitslosigkeit verschiedene Konsequenzen für die zukünftige Erwerbskarriere in Großbritannien und Deutschland hat. Während Such- und Matchingmodelle positive Effekte prognostizieren, sagen die Humankapitaltheorie und Signaltheorie negative Effekte voraus. Der berufsorientierte Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland mit seinem starken Kündigungsschutz könnte zur Stigmatisierung von Arbeitslosen führen, was sich negativ auf die zukünftige Erwerbskarriere auswirken könnte. Die 'trial and error' Strategie in einem liberalen Arbeitsmarkt wie Großbritannien könnte dagegen die berufliche Position nach der Arbeitslosigkeit verbessern. Bei Auswertung der Daten werden GSEP und BHPS Datensätze benutzt und simultan die Hazard-Raten und die Veränderung im beruflichen Status geschätzt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Job mobility in Europe, Japan and the U.S. (2010)
Borghans, Lex; Golsteyn, Bart H. H.;Zitatform
Borghans, Lex & Bart H. H. Golsteyn (2010): Job mobility in Europe, Japan and the U.S. (IZA discussion paper 5386), Bonn, 42 S.
Abstract
"Evidence about job mobility outside the U.S. is scarce and difficult to compare crossnationally because of non-uniform data. We document job mobility patterns of college graduates in their first three years in the labor market, using unique uniform data covering 11 European countries and Japan. Using the NLSY, we replicate the information in this survey to compare the results to the U.S. We find that (1) U.S. graduates hold more jobs than European graduates. (2) Contrasting conventional wisdom, job mobility in Japan is only somewhat lower than the European average. (3) There are large differences in job mobility within Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobility versus job stability: assessing tenure and productivity outcomes (2010)
Cruz-Castro, Laura; Sanz-Menendez, Luis;Zitatform
Cruz-Castro, Laura & Luis Sanz-Menendez (2010): Mobility versus job stability. Assessing tenure and productivity outcomes. In: Research Policy, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 27-38. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.008
Abstract
"Based on the data from survey responses and publications of 1583 academic scientists in Spain, this paper examines the relationship between scientific performance and reward, considering tenure and permanent positions as key academic rewards in early phases of academic career and focusing especially on the mediating effect of mobile versus stable career paths. Although widely practiced, inbreeding has often been considered to be at odds with universalism and merit in science. Our findings indicate that inbred faculty does not get tenure with less scientific merits than PhDs from other institutions; we also find that non-mobile careers are a strong predictor of the timing of rewards in the form of early permanent positions. Our results question the assumption mainly based on US evidence that mobility enhances career. These findings must be interpreted in the context of organizational and institutional features of the Spanish academic system that promote the development of internal academic research job markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Interne Arbeitsmärkte und die Karrieremobilität von Akademikerinnen und Akademikern in Deutschland und Großbritannien (2010)
Zitatform
Leuze, Kathrin (2010): Interne Arbeitsmärkte und die Karrieremobilität von Akademikerinnen und Akademikern in Deutschland und Großbritannien. In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 24-47.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag untersucht ländervergleichend Beschäftigungsmuster von Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen im öffentlichen Dienst und in der Privatwirtschaft sowie in professionellen und nicht-professionellen Berufen. Basierend auf dem Konzept der internen Arbeitsmärkte wird gefragt, inwiefern die landestypische Kopplung von Hochschulsystem und Arbeitsmarktsegmenten sowie deren soziale Schließung den Übergang von der Hochschule in den Arbeitsmarkt beeinflussen. Dafür werden zwei Länder betrachtet, die sich stark in der Organisation von öffentlichem Dienst und Professionen unterscheiden: Deutschland und Großbritannien. Die empirische Überprüfung der Bedeutung von Arbeitsmarktsegmentierung für die Karrieremobilität zeigt, dass sowohl die Kopplung zwischen Hochschulsystem und internen Arbeitsmarktsegmenten als auch die soziale Schließung dieser Segmente in Deutschland stärker ausgeprägt ist als in Großbritannien, was zu höheren Übergangsraten in den öffentlichen Dienst und Professionen als auch zu geringerer Mobilität zwischen den Segmenten führt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational change in Britain and Germany (2010)
Longhi, Simonetta; Brynin, Malcolm;Zitatform
Longhi, Simonetta & Malcolm Brynin (2010): Occupational change in Britain and Germany. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 655-666. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.02.001
Abstract
"We use British and German panel data to analyse job changes involving a change in occupation. We assess: (1) the extent of occupational change, taking into account the possibility of measurement error in occupational codes; (2) whether job changes within the occupation differ from occupation changes in terms of the characteristics of those making such switches; and (3) the effects of the two kinds of moves in terms of wages and job satisfaction. We find that occupation changes differ from other job changes, generally reflecting a less satisfactory employment situation, but also that the move in both cases is positive in respect of change in wages and job satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Modeling earnings dynamics (2009)
Zitatform
Altonji, Joseph G., Anthony Smith & Ivan Vidangos (2009): Modeling earnings dynamics. (NBER working paper 14743), Cambridge, Mass., 47 S., Anhang. DOI:10.3386/w14743
Abstract
"In this paper we use indirect inference to estimate a joint model of earnings, employment, job changes, wage rates, and work hours over a career. Our model incorporates duration dependence in several variables, multiple sources of unobserved heterogeneity, job-specific error components in both wages and hours, and measurement error. We use the model to address a number of important questions in labor economics, including the source of the experience profile of wages, the response of job changes to outside wage offers, and the effects of seniority on job changes. We provide estimates of the dynamic response of wage rates, hours, and earnings to various shocks and measure the relative contributions of the shocks to the variance of earnings in a given year and over a lifetime. We find that human capital accounts for most of the growth of earnings over a career although job seniority and job mobility also play significant roles. Unemployment shocks have a large impact on earnings in the short run as well a substantial long long-term effect that operates through the wage rate. Shocks associated with job changes and unemployment make a large contribution to the variance of career earnings and operate mostly through the job-specific error components in wages and hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobilités professionnelles et cycle de vie (2009)
Zitatform
Dupray, Arnaud & Isabelle Recotillet (2009): Mobilités professionnelles et cycle de vie. In: Economie et Statistique H. 423, S. 31-58.
Abstract
"Die Gelegenheiten zur beruflichen Mobilität unterscheiden sich je nach dem Alter und der Betriebszugehörigkeit, zwei wesentliche Komponenten des Erwerbslebens. Die Bereitschaft zum Arbeitsplatzwechsel nimmt im Laufe des Erwerbslebens ab, insbesondere in den ersten zehn Jahren und ab dem 45. Lebensjahr. Ab Vollendung des 40. Lebensjahrs findet in der Regel fünf Jahre lang kein Arbeitsplatzwechsel statt. Die Mobilität außerhalb des Unternehmens ist für den Aufstieg eines Arbeitnehmers umso vorteilhafter für die Entlohnung und umso weniger riskant im Hinblick auf etwaige Beschäftigungsunterbrechungen, wenn sie in der Berufslaufbahn frühzeitig erfolgt. Dagegen sind die Perspektiven der internen Mobilität über einen längeren Zeitraum günstig, da sie erst ca. ab dem 45. Lebensjahr stagnieren. So ist die interne Mobilität insgesamt vorteilhafter als die externe. Über die Beförderungen hinaus, die ihre Mitwirkung erfordern, sind die Arbeitgeber wichtige Akteure der Mobilität, da sie zu mehr als vier von zehn beitragen. Mit der Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit nehmen die Chancen, dass die Mobilität förderlich ist, mittelfristig zu. In Ermangelung interner Gelegenheiten steigt danach das Risiko, dass die Mobilität mit Beschäftigungsunterbrechungen einhergeht. Frauen sind in stärkerem Maße von der externen Mobilität und insbesondere von Beschäftigungsunterbrechungen betroffen, wohingegen sich Männern mehr Gelegenheiten zur internen Mobilität bieten. Mehr als der Hälfte der Männer gelingt es, im Fall von Mobilität ihre Bedingungen für das Ausscheiden aus dem Unternehmen durchzusetzen. Frauen sind in ihrer Mobilität stärker eingeschränkt, da ihre Beschäftigungsbedingungen weniger günstig sind und außerberufliche Gründe wie Familienereignisse oder die Mobilität ihres Ehemanns eine Rolle spielen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Job characteristics and voluntary mobility in The Netherlands: differential education and gender patterns? (2009)
Gesthuizen, Maurice;Zitatform
Gesthuizen, Maurice (2009): Job characteristics and voluntary mobility in The Netherlands. Differential education and gender patterns? In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 549-566. DOI:10.1108/01437720910988975
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to address the impact of the subjective evaluation of job characteristics on voluntary mobility, the impact of voluntary mobility on changes in these job characteristics, and differential education and gender patterns. Ordered and multinominal logistic regression analysis and longitudinal panel analysis. Dissatisfaction with one's wage, the match between job content and personal capacities, working hours, and the job in general cause voluntary external mobility. The latter two also increase the odds of voluntary internal mobility. Voluntary internal and external mobility in turn decreases dissatisfaction with several job characteristics. The higher the educational level, the weaker the impact of dissatisfaction with working hours on voluntary internal mobility. For women, wage dissatisfaction has a stronger impact on voluntary external mobility than for men. Moreover, dissatisfaction with the number of working hours and the job in general more often cause voluntary internal mobility for women than for men. The revenues of changing positions within or between firms, however, do not substantially differ across education and gender. This paper shows that subjectively evaluated job characteristics are important push factors and result in voluntary mobility, and in some cases for women to a stronger degree than for men. Even though it could be expected that returns to voluntary mobility are lower for women and lower educated individuals, they do not differ substantially from the returns that men and higher educated workers receive." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and intent to leave the nursing profession in Europe (2009)
Laine, Marjukka; Heijden, Beatrice I. J. M. van der; Wickström, Gustav; Tackenberg, Peter; Hasselhorn, Hans-Martin;Zitatform
Laine, Marjukka, Beatrice I. J. M. van der Heijden, Gustav Wickström, Hans-Martin Hasselhorn & Peter Tackenberg (2009): Job insecurity and intent to leave the nursing profession in Europe. In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 420-438. DOI:10.1080/09585190802673486
Abstract
"To determine the occupational factors affecting nurses' decision to leave their profession before reaching retirement age, a large epidemiological study (Nurses' early exit study - NEXT)1 was carried out in ten European countries. Altogether 32,037 registered nurses answered a questionnaire, covering, for example, questions on job insecurity and intention to leave nursing work. The data were analysed statistically using Chi2 test and binary logistic regression models. Concern about becoming unemployed and difficulties to find a new job if laid off was reported by 40% of the respondents. More than half of the respondents were worried about their qualitative job security (being transferred to another job or changes in work schedule), while less than 40% had concerns about becoming unable to work. Thoughts about leaving the profession were reported by 15% of the respondents. The hypothesis, that nurses will show higher intention to leave if they experience high levels of job insecurity, was partly supported by the results of the study. The concern about the qualitative aspects of job security correlated positively with intent to leave nursing in almost all the participating countries; most strongly among the Finnish and Norwegian nurses. The relationship between the concern about employment security and intent to leave varied from country to country, probably due to differences in the labour market situation. The correlation was positive for the Dutch and British nurses while, for the Polish and German sample, nurses who reported worry about their employment security appeared to be less willing to leave the profession than those who were not too worried. The concern about being unable to work correlated positively with intent to leave in several countries, reflecting the demands of the profession. The effects of job insecurity can be reduced if nurses feel that they are important to the health care institution they work for, and that the institution cares about them, and values their opinion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational change in Britain and Germany (2009)
Longhi, Simonetta; Brynin, Malcolm;Zitatform
Longhi, Simonetta & Malcolm Brynin (2009): Occupational change in Britain and Germany. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 204), Berlin, 29 S.
Abstract
"We use British and German panel data to analyse job changes involving a change in occupation. We assess: (1) the extent of occupational change, taking into account the possibility of measurement error in occupational codes; (2) whether job changes within the occupation differ from occupation changes in terms of the characteristics of those making such switches; and (3) the effects of the two kinds of moves in terms of wages and job satisfaction. We find that occupation changes differ from other job changes, generally reflecting a less satisfactory employment situation, but also that the move in both cases is positive in respect of change in wages and job satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufswechsel beim Übergang von der Lehre in den Arbeitsmarkt (2009)
Müller, Barbara; Schweri, Jürg;Zitatform
Müller, Barbara & Jürg Schweri (2009): Berufswechsel beim Übergang von der Lehre in den Arbeitsmarkt. (Leading House working paper 44), Zürich, 26 S.
Abstract
"Anhand des Jugend-Längsschnittdatensatzes TREE auf der Basis der PISA-2000-Erhebung untersuchen wir das Vorkommen, die Gründe und Auswirkungen von Berufswechseln im Übergang von der Lehre in den Arbeitsmarkt. Rund 9 Prozent der Lehrabsolventen, welche ein Jahr nach Lehrabschluss erwerbstätig sind, arbeiten in einem erheblich anderen Beruf als dem erlernten. Als wichtigste Einflussfaktoren auf diese Berufswechsel erweisen sich die Charakteristika des erlernten Berufs wie Anforderungsniveau und Arbeitslosigkeit im Beruf sowie die Zufriedenheit mit der Ausbildung. Wenig Einfluss haben der persönliche Hintergrund und die Fähigkeiten der Absolvierenden, gemessen an den Lehrabschlussnoten und den PISA-Testscores. Die Berufswechsler/-innen verdienen im Schnitt rund 5 Prozent weniger als jene, die auf dem erlernten Beruf arbeiten. Dies weist darauf hin, dass in der beruflichen Grundbildung eine Spezialisierung stattfindet; das erworbene berufsspezifische Humankapital wird bei einer Tätigkeit im erlernten Beruf vom Arbeitsmarkt vergütet. Allerdings sind die Lohnwirkungen von Berufswechseln nicht einheitlich. Im Schnitt verdienen Berufswechsler/-innen zudem signifikant mehr als Ungelernte. Vergleicht man dual und vollschulisch ausgebildete Lernende, zeigt sich bei letzteren ein generell leicht tieferer Lohn sowie eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit, den Beruf zu wechseln. Nach Berufswechseln zeigen sich für die beiden Gruppen im Schnitt keine Lohnunterschiede mehr." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Job mobility in the European Union: optimising its social and economic benefits. Final report. Policy and business analysis (2008)
Andersen, Tine; Hout, Michael; Koning, Jaap de; Stambo, Lasse S.; Haahr, Jens Henrik; Adnett, Nick; Hansen, Martin Eggert; Holm-Pedersen, Mikkel;Zitatform
Andersen, Tine, Jens Henrik Haahr, Martin Eggert Hansen & Mikkel Holm-Pedersen (2008): Job mobility in the European Union. Optimising its social and economic benefits. Final report. Policy and business analysis. Tastrup, 158 S.
Abstract
"The overall objective of this study is to inform the discussion in the European Union's Member States on how to optimise job mobility in Europe from a social as well as from an economic perspective. Three other objectives have guided this study, with a view to achieving the overall objective:
To prepare and present a description of the current extent and character of job mobility in Europe.
To examine ways to assess how much job mobility is desirable for European labour markets from an economic and social point of view.
Taking these two analyses into account, to discuss how to optimise job mobility in economic and social terms, taking into consideration both benefits and challenges in connection with increased job mobility.
The results:
Significant differences in job mobility across Member States.
Also significant differences in mobility across sectors - but depending on the country.
Age significant, gender not so significant.
The economic effects of job mobility: too little and too much job mobility is detrimental.
Factors affecting job mobility have wider implications.
The challenge: a policy mix which facilitates job mobility for growth and high employment.
Not possible to specify context-independent optimal levels of job mobility.
'Balanced job mobility': appropriate levels of job mobility coupled with high employment.
Liberal and social democratic employment regimes are found to facilitate 'balanced job mobility'.
Flexicurity and 'balanced job mobility'.
Why is it useful to consider balanced job mobility.
What can Member States do? Review labour market regulation, promote growth.
What could the Commission do? Induce further reforms and monitor developments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Wenn Menschen den Beruf wechseln (2008)
Fleischmann, Daniel; Tête, Monique; Schmid, Evi; Meier, Urs; Stalder, Barbara E.; Puippe, Pierre-Yves; Cardinaux, Miriam;Zitatform
Fleischmann, Daniel, Evi Schmid, Barbara E. Stalder, Urs Meier, Pierre-Yves Puippe, Miriam Cardinaux & Monique Tête (2008): Wenn Menschen den Beruf wechseln. In: Panorama. Bildung, Beratung, Arbeitsmarkt, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 3-11.
Abstract
Die Zahl der Berufswechsler hat in den letzten dreißig Jahren ständig zugenommen. Das ist für die Berufsbildung und die Berufsberatung von großer Bedeutung, da mit den Berufswechslern auch die Zahl der Personen steigt, die lebenslang lernen müssen und wollen. Die statistische Erfassung von Berufswechslern ist in erster Linie eine Frage der Definition von Berufen, Berufsarten und ihre Zuordnung zu Berufsabteilungen (nach Schweizer System). Die Beiträge behandeln den Zusammenhang von formaler Berufsausbildung und tatsächlich ausgeübter Tätigkeit unter der Fragestellung, ob und wann Spezialisierung in einen Berufswechsel mündet, beschreiben an Beispielen Berufswechsel als Gratwanderung zwischen persönlicher Erfüllung und beruflicher Sicherheit, erläutern die spezifischen Angebote der Berufs- und Laufbahnberatung des Kantons Wallis für Stellensuchende, die vor einem Berufswechsel stehen und untersuchen, warum viele Jugendliche nach einer Lehrvertragsauflösung den Lehrberuf wechseln. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Assiste-t-on à une transformation uniforme des carrières professionnelles vers plus de mobilité?: une exploitation de l'enquête "Histoire de vie" (2008)
Larquier, Guillemette de; Remillon, Delphine;Zitatform
Larquier, Guillemette de & Delphine Remillon (2008): Assiste-t-on à une transformation uniforme des carrières professionnelles vers plus de mobilité? Une exploitation de l'enquête "Histoire de vie". In: Travail et emploi H. 113, S. 13-30.
Abstract
"This paper considers whether there has been an increase in mobility on French labour market over the past 40 years. The authors use data on 4508 careers from a French survey called Histoire de vie - Construction des identites (INSEE). They find no increase in mobility inside employment but an increase in mobility between employment and unemployment for specific segments of the labour force. Thus, the issue shows that the main transformation in careers is not a generalization of mobility but rather an increase in the risk of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Finding a path: Investigating the labour market trajectories of high-skilled immigrants in Denmark (2008)
Liversage, Anika;Zitatform
Liversage, Anika (2008): Finding a path: Investigating the labour market trajectories of high-skilled immigrants in Denmark. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 203-226. DOI:10.1080/13691830802586195
Abstract
"The labour market incorporation of high-skilled immigrants is of key concern to receiving societies and migrating individuals alike. This paper draws on life-story interviews with 19 high-skilled Eastern Europeans in Denmark to develop a time-geographical trajectory notation for analysing immigrants' individual movements in social space across time. I propose a typology of five paths, each partly shaped by variations in the intersections of individual and historical temporalities. Three of these paths-'re-entry', 'ascent' and 're-education'-lead into the higher parts of the host country labour market, while the two paths of 're-migration' and 'marginalisation' remain outside." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational mobility and the business cycle (2008)
Moscarini, Giuseppe; Vella, Francis;Zitatform
Moscarini, Giuseppe & Francis Vella (2008): Occupational mobility and the business cycle. (IZA discussion paper 3369), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"Do workers sort more randomly across different job types when jobs are harder to find? To answer this question, we study the mobility of male workers among three-digit occupations in the matched files of the monthly Current Population Survey over the 1979-2004 period. We clean individual occupational transitions using the algorithm proposed by Moscarini and Thomsson (2008). We then construct a synthetic panel comprising annual birth cohorts, and we examine the respective roles of three potential determinants of career mobility: individual ex ante worker characteristics, both observable and unobservable, labor market prospects, and ex post job matching. We provide strong evidence that high unemployment somewhat offsets the role of individual worker considerations in the choice of changing career. Occupational mobility declines with age, family commitments and education, but when unemployment is high these negative effects are weaker, and reversed for college education. The cross-sectional dispersion of the monthly series of residuals is strongly countercyclical. As predicted by Moscarini (2001)'s frictional Roy model, the sorting of workers across occupations is noisier when unemployment is high. As predicted by job-matching theory, worker mobility has significant residual persistence over time. Finally, younger cohorts, among those in the sample for most of their working lives, exhibit increasingly low unexplained career mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Turning to teaching: gender and career choice (2008)
Raggl, Andrea; Troman, Geoff;Zitatform
Raggl, Andrea & Geoff Troman (2008): Turning to teaching. Gender and career choice. In: British Journal of Sociology of Education, Jg. 29, H. 6, S. 581-595. DOI:10.1080/01425690802423254
Abstract
"As the largest public sector institution in the United Kingdom, education is a key site for studying the context of 'choice' and changes in the identities of professional workers in contemporary society. Recruitment and retention problems in education have led to the creation of new routes into teaching to attract career changers from other professions and occupations. In this paper we focus on career changers within the Economic and Social Research Council project 'Primary Teacher Identity, Commitment and Career in Performative School Cultures' who have entered teaching from other private sector occupations. We analyse these career changes in terms of 'turning points' in the participants' lives in order to assess the extent to which choices are 'self-initiated', 'forced' or 'structural'. We are interested in the basis on which these choices were made and the impact of gender on career decisions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufsverläufe, Berufszufriedenheit, Arbeitsbelastungen und Perspektiven von Altenfachbetreuer/-innen (2008)
Stelzer-Orthofer, Christine; Kranewitter, Helga;Zitatform
Stelzer-Orthofer, Christine & Helga Kranewitter (2008): Berufsverläufe, Berufszufriedenheit, Arbeitsbelastungen und Perspektiven von Altenfachbetreuer/-innen. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 31, H. 4, S. 49-70.
Abstract
"Im öffentlichen Bewusstsein werden Betreuungs- und Pflegeberufe oftmals als 'Ausstiegsberufe' wahrgenommen. Jene Personen, die berufsmäßig und professionell ausgebildet alte und pflegebedürftige Menschen betreuen und begleiten, so heißt es, bleiben nur wenige Jahre in ihrem erlernten Beruf und wechseln, sobald sich die Möglichkeit ergibt, in andere Branchen. Begründet wird dies in der Regel mit den hohen psychischen und körperlichen Belastungen, nicht familienkonformen Arbeitszeiten, zu wenigen Aufstiegschancen, zu geringer Bezahlung und kaum vorhandener gesellschaftlicher Anerkennung. Da aber Daten zu dieser vielfach kolportierten kurzen Berufsverweildauer weitgehend fehlen, wurde vom Institut für Gesellschafts- und Sozialpolitik im Auftrag des ISW Linz eine Studie erstellt mit dem Ziel, Berufsverläufe und Arbeitsbedingungen von Altenfachbetreuerinnen in Oberösterreich zu erheben. Warum haben sich die befragten Altenfachbetreuerinnen für den Beruf entschieden? Wie bewerten sie ihre Ausbildung? Was macht Freude im Beruf, welche Anforderungen werden als belastend erlebt? Wie zufrieden sind sie mit der Arbeit an sich und deren Rahmenbedingungen? Darüber hinaus wurde Fragen zur Verweildauer im erlernten Beruf, zu beruflichen Aufstiegen, zu Unterbrechungen und Jobwechsel nachgegangen. Ohne die Ergebnisse vorwegzunehmen, stellt sich heraus, dass der Beruf der Altenfachbetreuung tragfähiger ist als bisher angenommen und in der medialen Diskussion oftmals genannt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does it work? The effect of continuing training on labour market outcomes: a comparative Study of Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom (2007)
Dieckhoff, Martina;Zitatform
Dieckhoff, Martina (2007): Does it work? The effect of continuing training on labour market outcomes. A comparative Study of Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 295-308. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcm002
Abstract
"This article investigates the impact of continuing education and training for adults on labour market performance in Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. The central hypothesis is that training outcomes differ across countries, and that this heterogeneity in outcomes is due to institutional differences, which may affect the quality of the training provided. Drawing on data from the European Community Household Panel the article analyses (i) how far continuing training reduces the risk of future unemployment spells, (ii) if training increases the odds of re-entering the labour market given unemployment, and (iii) whether training fosters upward occupational mobility. The results suggest that the impact of training varies across the three countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational and job mobility in the US (2007)
Moscarini, Giuseppe; Thomsson, Kaj;Zitatform
Moscarini, Giuseppe & Kaj Thomsson (2007): Occupational and job mobility in the US. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 109, H. 4, S. 807-836. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2007.00510.x
Abstract
"We propose a new methodology to measure worker mobility across occupations and jobs in the US, building on the limited longitudinal dimension of monthly CPS data. For the period 1979-2006, we find that about 3.5% of male workers employed in two consecutive months report different three-digit occupations. This rate is procyclical, mildly rising in the 1980s and falling after 1995. We also revise upward current estimates of aggregate job-to-job mobility since 1994, from 2.7% to 3.2% of employment per month. Despite extreme similarity of average levels and time-series behavior, occupational and job mobility are only weakly correlated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational and industrial mobility in the United States (2007)
Parrado, Eric; Caner, Asena; Wolff, Edward N.;Zitatform
Parrado, Eric, Asena Caner & Edward N. Wolff (2007): Occupational and industrial mobility in the United States. In: Labour economics, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 435-455. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2006.01.005
Abstract
"Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and using both the original and the new series of occupation and industry codes, we investigate occupational and industrial mobility of individuals over the 1969-1980 and 1981-1993 periods in the U.S. We find that workers changed both occupations and industries more frequently in the later period. We also find that for men occupational and industrial changes are associated with lower earnings, though this effect has lessened somewhat over time; while for women the results are mixed. Our results also indicate that older and better paid men are less likely to shift occupation or industry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Studienabbruch nach einem Berufswechsel in den Lehrerberuf: Häufigkeit und subjektive Deutungen (2007)
Weinmann-Lutz, Birgit; Ammann, Tina;Zitatform
Weinmann-Lutz, Birgit & Tina Ammann (2007): Studienabbruch nach einem Berufswechsel in den Lehrerberuf. Häufigkeit und subjektive Deutungen. In: Bildungsforschung, Jg. 4, H. 2, S. 1-22.
Abstract
Die Ergebnisse demografischer Studien legen den Schluss nahe, dass Bildung 'gut' ist: Höhere Bildung geht mit besserer Gesundheit und längerer Lebenserwartung, höherem Einkommen und vielen anderen erstrebenswerten Zuständen und Gütern einher. Der Abbruch eines Studiums ist vor diesem Hintergrund ein negatives Ereignis: Ein Versagen oder Scheitern des Individuums oder der Institution. Ziel der Studie ist es, BerufswechslerInnen (ohne Abitur mit dem Ziel einer tertiären Zweitausbildung, genauer dem Lehrerstudium) in ihrem weiteren Studienverlauf sowohl quantitativ hinsichtlich Abbruchquoten und psychologischen Merkmalen, wie auch qualitativ hinsichtlich subjektiven biografischen Deutungen zu untersuchen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf AbbrecherInnen, Absolvierende werden als Vergleichsgruppe herangezogen. Es werden BerufswechslerInnen in den Lehrerberuf nach Abschluss eines allgemeinbildenden Vorstudiums in ihrem weiteren Studienverlauf untersucht. Mithilfe von Verwaltungsdaten wurde eine Abbruchquote bestimmt. Anhand biographischer Interviews wurde die subjektive Sicht auf den Berufswechsel und Studienabbruch beleuchtet und im Vergleich mit Absolvierenden interpretiert. Neben Schwierigkeiten zur Existenzsicherung, ungünstiger Organisation des Studiums für Berufstätige oder beruflicher Neuorientierung, gab es Hinweise auf ungünstige Verarbeitung von Misserfolgen bei den AbbrecherInnen. Aus Sicht der StudienabbrecherInnen wird der Schritt zum Abbruch häufig positiv und als logische Entwicklung der persönlichen Laufbahn interpretiert. Für fast alle scheint der Umgang mit dem Abbruch eher resilient als verleugnend und Ausdruck ihrer Lebensgestaltungskompetenz zu sein. Da ausschließlich BerufswechslerInnen (und Studierende in Erstausbildung) zum Lehrerberuf befragt wurden, können Schlussfolgerungen nicht unmittelbar auf Studierende anderer Fächer übertragen werden. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Developing career trajectories in England: the role of effective guidance (2006)
Bimrose, Jenny; Barnes, Sally-Anne; Hughes, Deirdre;Zitatform
Bimrose, Jenny, Sally-Anne Barnes & Deirdre Hughes (2006): Developing career trajectories in England. The role of effective guidance. Coventry, 69 S.
Abstract
Am Warwick Institute for Employment Research wird im Zeitraum 2002 bis 2008 eine Langzeitstudie zur erfolgreichen Berufslaufbahnberatung in England durchgeführt. Der Bericht informiert über den dritten Abschnitt dieses Projektes, das den beruflichen Verbleib der Teilnehmer zwei Jahre nach den Beratungsgesprächen untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Entwicklung ihrer Berufsverläufe unter Berücksichtigung von Hindernissen und Einflüssen sowie die Beurteilung der Beratungsgespräche, der eigenen Berufswahl und Berufsentscheidung durch die Teilnehmer selbst. Die Studie liefert Daten über Berufsverläufe, die Art und Weise, wie Berufsentscheidungen zustande kommen und über das Management der eigenen beruflichen Verläufe. Es zeigt sich, dass das Qualifikationsniveau der Teilnehmer in den letzten beiden Jahren gestiegen ist. Die Teilnehmer lassen sich in drei Gruppen einteilen: diejenigen, die aus verschiedenen Gründen ganz oder teilweise aus dem Arbeitsmarkt herausfallen, diejenigen, die in das eigene Humankapital investieren und schließlich die Berufswechsler, die sich wiederum in zwei Typen unterscheiden lassen: die eine Gruppe betreibt den Berufswechsel aktiv im Sinne eines aktiven Karrieremanagements, während die andere Gruppe den reaktiven Typ repräsentiert, der sich ergebende Chancen in opportunistischer Weise nutzt. Während in der ersten Phase fast alle Teilnehmer ihre Beratung als nützlich einschätzten, waren nach zwei Jahren nur noch 72 Prozent von einem Nutzen der Beratungsgespräche überzeugt. Etwa die Hälfte der Teilnehmer gab an, auch in Zukunft Beratungen nutzen zu wollen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Skill transferability, regret and mobility (2006)
Borghans, Lex; Golsteyn, Bart;Zitatform
Borghans, Lex & Bart Golsteyn (2006): Skill transferability, regret and mobility. (IZA discussion paper 2021), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"After graduation many students start working in sectors not related to their field of study or participate in training targeted at work in other sectors. In this paper, we look at mobility immediately after graduation from the perspective that educational choices have been made when these pupils had little experience of the actual working life in these professions. We develop a model where students accumulate partially transferable human capital but also learn about their professional preferences at the university and during the first years in the labor market. As a consequence of this newly acquired insight, these young workers might realize that working in another occupational field would better fit their preferences, although they are better equipped to work in their own field. The empirical analysis reveals that if wages are 1% lower due to lower skill transferability, the probability that a graduate who regrets his choice actually switches decreases by 2.2 percentage po! ints, while those who switch on average take 0.3 months additional education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retirement as a career transition in ballet dancers (2006)
Di Fabio, Annamaria;Zitatform
Di Fabio, Annamaria (2006): Retirement as a career transition in ballet dancers. In: International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Jg. 6, H. 3, S. 181-193.
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel diskutiert den Abschied von der Bühne bei Balletttänzern und betrachtet dabei die Gründe für die Beendigung einer künstlerisch-darstellenden Karriere und den Wechsel in andersartige Rollen. Die Ergebnisse stellen unterschiedliche Dimensionen der Gründe für diese Wandlungen dar. Der Artikel versucht, sich verändernde Sichtweisen des Lebensalters zu untersuchen und zu entwickeln, die beim Karriere-Abschied von Balletttänzern eine Rolle spielen. Hierzu wurden mit 14 Balletttänzern aus verschiedenen Ländern semistrukturierte Interviews durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage einer Interprätativen Phänomenologischen Analyse (IPA) und Elementen der 'Grounded Theory' wurde ein qualitativer Ansatz verfolgt. Im Schlusskapitel werden praktische Schlussfolgerungen für Berufslaufbahnberater angesprochen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
BerufswechslerInnen am österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt: Perspektiven und Chancen in Klein- und Mittelbetrieben (2006)
Mandl, Irene; Leuprecht, Eva; Egger-Subotitsch, Andrea; Dorr, Andrea;Zitatform
Mandl, Irene, Andrea Dorr, Andrea Egger-Subotitsch & Eva Leuprecht (2006): BerufswechslerInnen am österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt. Perspektiven und Chancen in Klein- und Mittelbetrieben. (AMS-Info 83), S. 1-3.
Abstract
Die Studie zeigt die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Berufswechslern und Berufswechslerinnen in einigen ausgewählten Branchen der österreichischen Wirtschaft sowie entsprechende arbeitsmarktpolitische Handlungsoptionen zur Förderung des beruflichen Umstiegs. Wegen ihres hohen Personalbedarfs und der geringen Qualifikationsanforderungen bieten sich in Österreich folgende Zielbranchen und Zielberufe an: Verkaufspersonal für den Sportartikel- und Baustoffhandel, Koch und Küchenhilfspersonal, Hilfsarbeiter im Tief- und Straßenbau, Berufskraftfahrer, Lagerarbeiter sowie Büroberufe. Bei der Beurteilung der Effizienz und des Erfolgs eines Berufswechsels werden drei Ebenen unterschieden: Arbeitsmarkt, Unternehmen und Individuum. Aus der Sicht des Arbeitsmarktes sind eine möglichst kurze Erwerbsunterbrechung und niedrige Qualifizierungskosten wünschenswert. Aus der Sicht der Individuen spielen Push- und Pull-Faktoren eine Rolle, und der Erfolg wird an der Verbesserung der Lebenssituation gemessen. Diskontinuitäten in der Erwerbsbiografie werden nach wie vor noch negativ gewertet. Bei einem erfolgreichen Berufswechsel spielen Schlüsselkompetenzen eine zentrale Rolle. Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung des Berufswechsels werden in genereller Aufklärungs- und Informationsarbeit gesehen, in indvidueller Karriereberatung und Karrierebegleitung sowie in Fortbildungs- und Umschulungsangeboten. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of service sector employment in Germany and the UK: a comparison using household panel data (2004)
Fagan, Colette; Halpin, Brendan; O'Reilly, Jacqueline;Zitatform
Fagan, Colette, Brendan Halpin & Jacqueline O'Reilly (2004): The dynamics of service sector employment in Germany and the UK. A comparison using household panel data. In: G. Schmid, M. Gangl & P. Kupka (Hrsg.) (2004): Arbeitsmarktpolitik und Strukturwandel : empirische Analysen (Beiträge zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 286), S. 247-270.
Abstract
Vorgestellt wird eine Untersuchung der Beschäftigungsentwicklung im Dienstleistungsbereich in Deutschland und Großbritannien. Aufgrund der in der Vergangenheit angespannten Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt rückten die Beschäftigungspotenziale dieses Sektors verstärkt ins politische Interesse. Als problematisch erwies sich dabei die weite Verbreitung gering qualifizierter und schlecht bezahlter Tätigkeiten. Auf der Grundlage von Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels für Deutschlands und des British Household Panel Surveys für Großbritannien werden die wesentlichen Beschäftigungsmerkmale im Dienstleistungsbereich analysiert. Im Ergebnis konstatieren die Autoren eine Dienstleistungslücke vor allem im Bereich der mittleren Dienstleistungstätigkeiten für Deutschland, wie z.B. bei den konsumentenorientierten Dienstleistungen. Weiterhin stellen sie fest, dass der Zugang zu Positionen im Dienstleistungssektor in der Bundesrepublik vergleichsweise rigide ist, während in Großbritannien gerade das Segment der mittleren Dienstleistungen in der Lage ist, sowohl abwärtsmobile hoch qualifizierte als auch aufwärtsmobile gering qualifizierte Arbeitnehmer aufzunehmen. Abschließend wird der Einfluss der Wirtschaftspolitik auf die Nachfrageentwicklung im Dienstleistungssektor dargestellt. Eine sinkende Nachfrage nach Dienstleistungen resultiert auch aus dem vorherrschenden männlichen Alleinverdiener-Modell, in dem die Frauen haushaltsnahe Dienstleistungen im Wesentlichen selbst erbringen. (IAB)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Theoretische Konzepte und Methoden
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Berufliche Mobilität in Deutschland
- Institutionelle und sozioökonomische Determinanten beruflicher Mobilität
- Berufliche Mobilität bei Einzelberufen/Berufsgruppen/Fachrichtungen
- Berufliche Mobilität bei besonderen Personengruppen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Qualifikation
- Berufliche Mobilität und Einkommen
- Berufliche Mobilität und Auf-/Abstiegsprozesse
- Berufliche Mobilitätsverläufe
- Berufliche Mobilität in anderen Ländern