Zitatform

Ette, Andreas (2015): Nachhaltigere Politikansätze zur Gestaltung von Flucht und Migration in den internationalen Beziehungen. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 36, H. 5, S. 17-22.

Abstract

"Die Steuerbarkeit von Migration entlang eng definierter Kategorien von Fähigkeiten und Motiven der Migranten ('Arbeitsmigranten') ist nach den Entwicklungen der vergangenen Zeit ganz offensichtlich an Grenzen gelangt. Daher gibt der Beitrag einen Ausblick auf längerfristige Perspektiven einer möglicherweise nachhaltigen Gestaltung von Flucht und Migration und diskutiert unter anderem die bisherigen Bemühungen der Europäischen Union." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fasani, Francesco (2015): Understanding the role of immigrants' legal status. Evidence from policy experiments. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 722-763. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv006

Abstract

"Programmes aimed at reducing the presence of unauthorized immigrants are often at the core of the migration policy debate in host countries. In recent years, a growing body of empirical literature has attempted to understand the effect of lacking legal status on immigrants' outcomes and behaviour. The main difficulties in this field are the scarcity of data and the identification challenge posed by endogenous selection into legal status. The vast majority of these articles have therefore used amnesty programmes (or similar policy changes) to establish causal relationships. In this article, we propose a first systematic review of the empirical literature for the USA and Europe on the impact of legal status on different immigrants' outcomes. We then present some new evidence of the relationship between labour market outcomes and legal status in the Italian context. In our empirical analysis, we first provide some descriptive evidence on differences in the outcomes for groups with different residence statuses, and we then exploit a specific amnesty programme to produce causal estimates of the impact of legal status. Our results confirm previous findings in the literature and show that the design of the specific amnesty analysed matters in shaping its effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Foged, Mette & Giovanni Peri (2015): Immigrants' effect on native workers. New analysis on longitudinal data. (IZA discussion paper 8961), Bonn, 47 S.

Abstract

"Using longitudinal data on the universe of workers in Denmark during the period 1991-2008 we track the labor market outcomes of low skilled natives in response to an exogenous inflow of low skilled immigrants. We innovate on previous identification strategies by considering immigrants distributed across municipalities by a refugee dispersal policy in place between 1986 and 1998. We find that an increase in the supply of refugee-country immigrants pushed less educated native workers (especially the young and low-tenured ones) to pursue less manual-intensive occupations. As a result immigration had positive effects on native unskilled wages, employment and occupational mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Galloway, Moira, Monika Smit & Mariska Kromhout (2015): Between control and support. The protection of unaccompanied minor asylum seekers at risk. The Dutch case. In: International migration, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 51-61. DOI:10.1111/imig.12178

Abstract

"Drawing on research by the Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice (Kromhout et al., 2010), this article describes how the Dutch government tried to protect Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers (UMAs) who were (at risk of becoming) victims of human trafficking by implementing 'Protected Reception'. It was concluded that the three objectives of this pilot programme were met to some extent: the influx of risk groups and the number of disappearances decreased, yet there was no (immediate) increase in return migration to the country of origin, after leaving Protected Reception. An important question that was raised was how far a state can go in protecting these vulnerable young people, by (partially) limiting their freedom of movement. It was concluded that placement and stay in Protected Reception had to be qualified as a deprivation of liberty for which Dutch legislation did not offer any ground." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gateley, Davina E. (2015): A policy of vulnerability or agency? Refugee young people's opportunities in accessing further and higher education in the UK. In: Compare, Jg. 45, H. 1, S. 26-46. DOI:10.1080/03057925.2013.841030

Abstract

"The UK government's austerity cuts have negatively impacted many voluntary-sector interventions that provided support to refugees. One such intervention, the Refugee Integration and Employment Service (RIES), is discussed in this paper. The RIES was a UK Border Agency-funded integration programme for recognised refugees and operated through voluntary-sector organisations nationwide. Findings of this small, qualitative study tentatively suggest that without bespoke support such as RIES, refugees will struggle to make informed and strategic decisions about their future education choices, restricting their ability to exercise autonomous agency. Current UK policy of counting refugees alongside other types of migrants will not cater for the specificity and multiplicity of issues faced by refugee young people. This will inhibit their opportunities and increase vulnerabilities, compounding their precarious position in UK society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grieger, Nadine (2015): Anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte am Arbeitsmarkt. Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt, September 2015. Wien, 4 S.

Abstract

"Ende September 2015 waren 18.968 anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte in Österreich beim Arbeitsmarktservice gemeldet. Das entspricht einer Zunahme von rund 50% gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat und einem Anteil von 4,8% an allen beim Arbeitsmarktservice arbeitslos gemeldeten oder in Schulung befindlichen Personen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hatton, Timothy J. (2015): Asylum policy in the EU. The case for deeper integration. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 605-637. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv002

Abstract

"Over the last 15 years, the locus of policymaking towards asylum seekers and refugees has shifted away from national governments and towards the European Union (EU) as the Common European Asylum Policy has developed. Most of the focus has been on the harmonization of policies relating to border control, the processing of asylum claims, and reception standards for asylum seekers. But this still falls far short of a fully integrated EU-wide policy. This article examines the basis upon which a joint EU policy can be justified. I then ask whether superior outcomes can be achieved by harmonization alone or if more centralized policymaking is necessary. I chart the progress of harmonization and burden-sharing in the development of the Common European Asylum System and explore its effects. I also study the political feasibility of deeper policy integration by analysing public attitudes in the European Social Survey. I conclude that deeper integration is both" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ho, Giang & Kazuko Shirono (2015): The Nordic labor market and migration. (IMF working paper 2015,254), Washington, DC, 44 S.

Abstract

"The large influx of migrants to Nordic countries in recent years is challenging the adoptability of Nordic labor market institutions while also adding to potential growth. This paper examines the trends, economic drivers, and labor market implications of migration to Nordic countries with a particular focus on economic migration as distinct from the recent large flows of asylum seekers. Our analysis finds that migration inflows to the Nordics are influenced by both cyclical and structural factors. Although migration helpfully dampens overheating pressures during periods of strong demand, and over the longer term will cushion the decline in labor supply from population aging, in the near-term unemployment can rise, especially among the young and lower-skilled. The analysis highlights the need to adapt Nordic labor market institutions in a manner that better facilitates the integration of migrants into employment. In particular, greater wage flexibility at the firm level and continued strong active labor market measures will help improve labor market outcomes among immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina, Franziska Schreyer & Angela Bauer (2015): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Asylbewerbern und Flüchtlingen in Schweden, Dänemark und Großbritannien. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Berichte 18/2015), Nürnberg, 15 S.

Abstract

"Die stark gestiegene Fluchtmigration stellt den Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland vor große Herausforderungen. Der Aktuelle Bericht stellt dar, wie ausgewählte europäische Länder (Schweden, Dänemark, Großbritannien) bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Schutzsuchenden vorgehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Koyama, Jill (2015): Constructing gender: refugee women working in the United States. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 258-275. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feu026

Abstract

"Drawing on data collected during a 26-month ethnographic study of refugees in a city in upstate New York, I examine the gendered and gendering training and work contexts with which refugee women engage. Utilizing the notion of assemblage, a term often associated with actor-network theory (ANT), I ask, among other questions, how do the gathered collages of texts, aims, histories, resources, knowledges, and practices that instantiate what we might recognize as resources for newcomers, come to frame refugee women as they enter the workforce? I demonstrate that through the processes of becoming employed, certain material objects, such as completed job applications, combine with case workers' assessments of employability, and employers' ethnic and gender stereotypes, to create socio-material renderings of refugee women. However, even as they participate in the labour market, the refugee women push against the constraints imposed by their limited English-language ability, lack of formal education, initial lack of socio-economic connections, culturally-defined gender roles, and gender stereotypes. I argue that greater efforts through changes in the national policy and also the related practices of local resettlement agencies should address gender more explicitly. Greater time investment in educational programmes, a longer period of workforce training in more varied, less gender-stereotypical areas, and explicit programmes educating the receiving community about the refugees could result not only in greater economic adaptation, but also increased social integration for refugee women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Leithold, Daniel (2015): Asylum in Europe. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 55-58.

Abstract

"Asylum regulations in European countries still differ significantly. There is a minimum standard set by the European Union that all countries have to reach. This ensures that an asylum seeker has the same chance of gaining protection regardless of the country in which s/he applies for asylum. However, regulations that determine the long-term perspective for refugees differ and therefore influence host country decisions. The more national regulations are harmonized, the less influential they will be in the host country decisions made by asylum seekers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lewis, Hannah, Peter Dwyer, Stuart Hodkinson & Louise Waite (2015): Hyper-precarious lives. Migrants, work and forced labour in the global north. In: Progress in Human Geography, Jg. 39, H. 5, S. 580-600. DOI:10.1177/0309132514548303

Abstract

"This paper unpacks the contested inter-connections between neoliberal work and welfare regimes, asylum and immigration controls, and the exploitation of migrant workers. The concept of precarity is explored as a way of understanding intensifying and insecure post-Fordist work in late capitalism. Migrants are centrally implicated in highly precarious work experiences at the bottom end of labour markets in Global North countries, including becoming trapped in forced labour. Building on existing research on the working experiences of migrants in the Global North, the main part of the article considers three questions. First, what is precarity and how does the concept relate to working lives? Second, how might we understand the causes of extreme forms of migrant labour exploitation in precarious lifeworlds? Third, how can we adequately theorize these particular experiences using the conceptual tools of forced labour, slavery, unfreedom and precarity? We use the concept of 'hyper-precarity' alongside notions of a 'continuum of unfreedom' as a way of furthering human geographical inquiry into the intersections between various terrains of social action and conceptual debate concerning migrants' precarious working experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas & Hillel Rapoport (2015): Tradable refugee-admission quotas, matching and the new European agenda for migration. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 13, H. 2, S. 50-56.

Abstract

"The recent proposal by the EU Commission to introduce a distribution key for refugees and asylum seekers is a welcome concrete measure to give solidarity and responsibility sharing in the field of asylum a practical content. It is akin to the distribution of initial quotas. We propose to extend this policy proposal in two directions. First, we propose to implement a matching mechanism to take refugees' and host countries' preferences into account. In doing so, the matching mechanism will contribute to lower the expected cost of hosting refugees for host countries and will improve refugees' long-term integration prospects. Second, we propose that the initial quotas allocated through the distribution key could be traded in a market for refugee-admission visas. The two proposed components are linked in the sense that the matching mechanism makes it possible to design a sanction scheme ensuring that receiving countries will have incentives to be attractive from the perspective of refugees and asylum seekers, that is, to offer them good treatment and conditions." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas & Hillel Rapoport (2015): Tradable refugee-admission quotas, matching and the new European agenda for migration. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 4, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1186/s40174-015-0045-y

Abstract

"The Syrian Civil War gave rise to the largest refugee flight reaching Europe since the Yugoslavian wars in the 1990s. The crisis evidenced the deficiencies of the European Union Asylum Policy, which struggled both to offer solutions to Syrian refugees and to efficiently allocate costs across Member States. We draw on previous theoretical work to simulate how a system of tradable refugee-admission quotas coupled with a matching mechanism assigning refugees to their preferred destinations and destinations to their preferred types of refugees would give more flexibility to Member States while respecting refugee rights and preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Dieser EMN-Synthesebericht fasst die Ergebnisse von nationalen EMN-Studien aus 27 Ländern zu dem Thema 'Politiken, Praktiken und Daten über Unbegleitete Minderjährige in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten und Norwegen' zusammen. Der deutsche Beitrag ist als Studie unter dem Titel 'Unbegleitete Minderjährige in Deutschland' erschienen. Der EMN-Synthesebericht liegt nur in Englisch vor" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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(2015): Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge im Auftrag der Bundesregierung. (Migrationsbericht 2014). (Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge im Auftrag der Bundesregierung 13), Berlin, 298 S.

Abstract

"Der Migrationsbericht beinhaltet neben den allgemeinen Wanderungsdaten zu Deutschland (Kapitel 1) inklusive der EU-Binnenmigration von Unionsbürgern (Kapitel 2) und der detaillierten Darstellung der verschiedenen Migrationsarten (Kapitel 3) einen europäischen Vergleich zum Migrationsgeschehen und zur Asylzuwanderung (Kapitel 5). Zusätzlich behandelt der Bericht das Phänomen der illegalen/irregulären Migration (Kapitel 6), geht auf die Abwanderung von Deutschen und Ausländern (Kapitel 4) ein und informiert über die Struktur und die Demografie der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund (Kapitel 7 und 8). Dabei wird in den jeweiligen Kapiteln auf die Bedeutung der einzelnen Migrationsstatistiken und die Grenzen ihrer Aussagefähigkeit eingegangen. Zudem werden kurz die Rechtsgrundlagen der einzelnen Zuwanderergruppen dargestellt sowie auf aktuelle Rechtsänderungen und relevante Gerichtsurteile eingegangen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Bevelander, Pieter & Nahikari Irastorza (2014): Catching up: The labor market integration of new immigrants in Sweden. Washington, DC, 23 S.

Abstract

"The considerable diversity among Sweden's immigrants reflects a humanitarian migration policy. Refugees have arrived in the country since the 1970s and 1980s, with their countries of origin shifting according to the ethnic and political conflicts of any given period. Sweden is also a longstanding magnet for labor migration from surrounding Scandinavia, and has attracted mobile EU citizens since its entry into the European Union in 1995 -- and especially following the EU enlargements of 2004 and 2007. Sweden's immigration flows continue to change today, as policy reforms in 2008 allowed employers to bring non-EU labor migrants to the country for the first time in decades.
This report assesses how new immigrants to Sweden fare in the country's labor market. It shows that employment rates during newcomers' initial years in Sweden are relatively depressed for low-educated refugees and migrants who come based on family ties, in comparison to natives and labor migrants from EU countries. Since Sweden's refugees and family arrivals are not selected through employment-related criteria, they are likely to lack locally in-demand skills and are often out of work in the years immediately after arrival. The obstacles these groups face can be exacerbated by certain features of Sweden's labor market, such as high minimum wages, a relatively small pool of low-skilled jobs, and stringent employment protection for permanent work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bevelander, Pieter & Ravi Pendakur (2014): The labour market integration of refugee and family reunion immigrants. A comparison of outcomes in Canada and Sweden. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 40, H. 5, S. 689-709. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2013.849569

Abstract

"This paper assesses the employment and earnings trajectories of refugee and family reunion category immigrants in Canada and Sweden using two national level sources of data. The Canadian Immigration Database (IMDB) is a file that links the intake record of post-1979 immigrants with annual taxation records. The 2007 Swedish Register Data includes information on all legal permanent residents. Using standard regression methods, we compare labour force outcomes of age - sex - schooling - place of birth cohorts looking specifically at non-economic (family reunion and refugee intake) immigrants from Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the former Yugoslavia. We find that the employment and earning trajectories of the selected non-economic migrant groups are quite similar in the two host countries, although earnings are higher in Canada than in Sweden." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Corrigan, Owen (2014): Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 223-239. DOI:10.1177/0958928714525819

Abstract

"This article adds to our theoretical understanding of the determination of third-country national (TCN) migrant deprivation and poverty in western Europe. The stratifying effects of different types of legal status on migrant outcomes have been established in previous research. The conditionality that states attach to securing different types of legal status has heretofore been overlooked as an important explanatory factor, however. A measure of the conditionality attached to attaining the key social rights - granting status of long-term residency (LTR) is operationalized using cross-national policy data. Building on existing theory, we hypothesize that the negative impact of welfare generosity on TCN material deprivation is moderated by a state's level of LTR conditionality, such that deprivation will be greatest where conditionality is high and generosity is low. This hypothesis is tested using large-scale European microdata in the context of multilevel modelling. The empirical results are consistent with the central hypothesis. These findings have implications for policymakers and for extant accounts of migrant welfare, the welfare state and the factors implicated in the determination of poverty and deprivation in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Gerdes, Christer & Eskil Wadensjö (2014): Receiving countries' perspectives: The case of Sweden. (IZA discussion paper 8408), Bonn, 24 S.

Abstract

"Sweden has made its labour market more open for labour immigration since the mid1990s: becoming member of the common labour market of EES/EU in 1994, no transitional rules introduced at the enlargement of European Union in 2004 and 2007, and opening up for labour migration from non-EES/EU countries in December 2008. The changes have led to increased labour immigration. The labour immigration expanded for example after the enlargement in 2004 but not so much as in for example the United Kingdom and Ireland. Other forms of immigration have been more important. On the other hand, the migration has been rather stable in the years after the crisis in 2008. The main explanation is most likely that the recession in Sweden was only for one year, 2009, and that it was concentrated to some parts of the manufacturing industry where few migrant workers were employed. If the present EMU crisis is spreading to Sweden the result may of course be different." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Irastorza, Nahikari & Pieter Bevelander (2014): Economic integration of intermarried labour migrants, refugees and family migrants to Sweden. Premium or selection? (IZA discussion paper 8065), Bonn, 38 S.

Abstract

"We use Swedish register data to compare the employment and income of immigrants who intermarry natives versus those of immigrants who intramarry other immigrants in Sweden. We conduct the same analyses on three subsamples: labour migrants, refugees and family migrants. We find that intermarried immigrants outperformed intramarried ones in employment rates and salaries before and after marriage, in 1997 and 2007 respectively, and the same in true for each of the three subsamples analyzed. There is a statistically significant difference in income growth between intermarried and intramarried immigrants within that time period, but this difference is only significant for the subsample of family migrants. Finally, the upward mobility in employment status between 1997 and 2007 is higher for intermarried immigrants than for intramarried ones, with this being also the case for each of the three groups of labour migrants, refugees and family migrants. Our findings provide evidence to support both the selection hypothesis and the intermarriage premium hypothesis for the whole group of immigrants to Sweden. They also fully support the selection hypothesis for labour and family migrants but only partially for refugees; whereas they fully confirm the intermarriage premium hypothesis for family migrants but only partially for refugees and labour migrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jackson, Samantha & Harald Bauder (2014): Neither temporary, nor permanent: the precarious employment experiences of refugee claimants in Canada. In: Journal of refugee studies, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 360-381. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fet048

Abstract

"Although refugee claimants are often portrayed as a drain on Canada's economic resources, their employment experiences and contributions to the labour market remain under-represented in the literature. This study explores the employment experiences of refugee claimants in Toronto, Canada. Through the lens of refugeeness, it traces the subjective employment trajectories of refugee claimants, as well as the objective forces compromising their employability. Drawing on 17 interviews with refugee claimants, our analysis shows both that refugee claimants face distinct barriers stemming from their precarious legal status, and that refugee claimants' employability is perceived as shaped by real and ascribed barriers associated with this status. In addition, refugee claimants perceive employment as an expression of belonging and citizenship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Parusel, Bernd (2014): Spurwechsel im Migrationsprozess. Erfahrungen aus Schweden. In: Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 115-122.

Abstract

"Beruhend auf einem Vortrag im Rahmen eines Workshops zum Thema 'Asyl: Motive, Gesetze und Realitäten' bei den vierten Nürnberger Tagen zum Asyl- und Aufenthaltsrecht am 14.11.2013 soll die vorliegende Abhandlung Spurwechsel von Zuwanderern zwischen verschiedenen Aufenthaltszwecken bzw. Zuwanderungskanälen am Beispiel Schwedens näher untersuchen. Wechsel zwischen Aufenthalten im Rahmen der Zuwanderung aus humanitären Gründen und der Zuwanderung zu Erwerbszwecken stehen dabei im Vordergrund. Nach einem groben Überblick über Schweden als Zielland von Asylsuchenden und anderen Zuwanderern und Grundlinien der gegenwärtigen schwedischen Migrationspolitik werden Zusammenhänge - und Widersprüche bzw. Konflikte - zwischen der gesetzlichen Regulierung der Zuwanderung nach bestimmten Aufenthaltszwecken und den Motiven der Asylsuchenden und Zuwanderer anhand von administrativen Daten zu Spurwechseln im Jahr 2012 beleuchtet. Abschließend geht es um die Frage, inwieweit Spurwechsel möglich sind oder ermöglicht werden sollten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Ott, Eleanor (2013): The labour market integration of resettled refugees. Genf, 64 S.

Abstract

"This literature review aims to synthesise what is currently known about labour market integration of resettled refugees. One aspect, widely acknowledged in the literature, is that a 'refugee gap' appears when comparing resettled refugees to other immigrants in terms of labour market integration. Analyses in multiple countries have shown that resettled refugees perform worse in measures of labour market integration compared to other immigrants and individuals in the short-term, even when controlling for differences in demographics such as age, education level, and level of host country language acquisition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Seukwa, Louis Henri (Hrsg.) (2013): Integration of refugees into the European education and labour market. Requirements for a target group oriented approach. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 302 S.

Abstract

"For the first time in the history of the EU, from 2002 to 2007 asylum seekers and refugees had been explicitly considered in an employment programme trough EQUAL. Despite the success of this programme, EQUAL as a participant-oriented programme was not restarted after 2007. This book analyzes the results achieved by EQUAL with respect to the EU Council Directive laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers as well as for the promotion of access to education and employment. Based on case studies in four European cities, the question of access to education and training programmes as well as to the labour market for refugees and asylum seekers is examined. The legal, political, structural and individual conditions for the success of such measures are also highlighted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Content:
Louis Henri Seukwa: General introduction (7);
Margherita Buchetti, Rita Cardini, Daria Franceschini, Chiara Trevisan, Maria Omodeo Nicola Solimano, Claudia Zaccai: The paradox of being a recognized refugee in Italy: Living in an open prison, Florence, Tuscany (19);
Pamela Clayton, Paul McGill & Sarah-Jane Pretty: A life in limbo: Barriers to VET and labour market integration for asylum-seekers waiting for the granting of Leave to Remain (111);
Maren Gag: Vocational integration of refugees and Asylum-seekers in Hamburg - roundabout routes from model to structure (143);
Maren Gag, Joachim Schroeder: Refugee Monitoring : Research status, conceptual basis and implementation proposals, taking the example of the City of Hamburg (195);
Maren Gag, Joachim Schroeder: Refugee Monitoring in Hamburg - first steps taken! (213);
Eva Norstrom and Anna Norberg: The reception and introduction of asylum seekers and new arrivals in Gothenburg. Successes and failures in the development of a new system (231);
Maren Gag, Paul McGill, Eva Norstrom, Maria Omodeo, Sarah Jane Pretty, Maike Schroder, Louis Henri Seukwa, Claudia Zaccai: Lessons learned : Recommendations on the European level and conclusive remarks (285).

Zitatform

Grönqvist, Hans, Per Johansson & Susan Niknami (2012): Income inequality and health: lessons from a refugee residential assignment program. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2012,11), Uppsala, 35 S.

Abstract

"This paper examines the effect of income inequality on health for a group of particularly disadvantaged individuals: refugees. Our analysis draws on longitudinal hospitalization records coupled with a settlement policy where Swedish authorities assigned newly arrived refugees to their first area of residence. The policy was implemented in a way that provides a source of plausibly random variation in initial location. The results reveal no statistically significant effect of income inequality on the risk of being hospitalized. This finding holds also for most population subgroups and when separating between different types of diagnoses. Our estimates are precise enough to rule out large effects of income inequality on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hussein, Shereen, Jill Manthorpe & Martin Stevens (2011): Exploring the potential of refugees and asylum seekers for social care work in England. A qualitative study. In: Health and Social Care in the Community, Jg. 19, H. 5, S. 468-475. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2011.00989.x

Abstract

"Literature highlights the potential for refugees to contribute to the labour force of receiving countries. Such a contribution may be welcomed in sectors, such as social care, where demand for labour is increasing and high vacancy rates exist. This article reports on empirical data examining the potential of refugee communities to work in social care in England. The analysis is based primarily on 20 interviews with refugees and asylum seekers and five representatives of refugee support groups, conducted in 2008 - 2009. The findings of this sub-study are set within results obtained from other interviews as part of a multi-methods study examining the contribution of migrants to the English care sector. In-depth interviews were analysed thematically, guided by a theoretical framework linking employment, migration and the nature of care work. The findings highlight a general willingness of refugee participants to join the care workforce. Individual and structural barriers to increased employability were identified, as well as possible strategies to overcome them. Although the findings and discussions presented are based on data collected in England and are specific to the care sector, most are more generalisable and may inform strategies aiming at maximising refugees' employability in other sectors and in other developed states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Shutes, Isabel (2011): Welfare-to-work and the responsiveness of employment providers to the needs of refugees. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 40, H. 3, S. 557-574. DOI:10.1017/S0047279410000711

Abstract

"Improving the responsiveness of service providers to the needs of users has been a principal aim of welfare state reform. In the context of employment provision, this article explores the effects of a job outcome-oriented performance system on the responsiveness of providers to the needs of unemployed refugees. These effects concern, first, the type of refugees to whom providers are responsive and, second, the type of employment assistance provided. It is argued that an emphasis on short-term job outcomes may conflict with supporting refugees who are 'harder to help', particularly those with English language needs. It may also conflict with supporting refugees to access employment related to their skills and interests by encouraging providers to focus on placing refugees in 'easy to access', low-skilled and low-paid jobs. The effects may, therefore, serve to reproduce labour market inequalities experienced by refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Connor, Phillip (2010): Explaining the refugee gap. Economic outcomes of refugees versus other immigrants. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 377-397. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feq025

Abstract

"It is often assumed that refugees in the US are at an economic disadvantage compared to other immigrants. A number of hypotheses have been postulated to explain this 'refugee gap'. Refugees, on average, have less English language ability, less educational experience, different forms of family support, poorer mental and physical health, and generally reside in more disadvantaged neighbourhoods than other immigrants. Although these factors are well supported by evidence for specific refugee groups, a lack of representative data for both refugee and non-refugee migrants has made the testing of this refugee gap challenging. Using the first wave of the New Immigrant Survey, these hypotheses are tested on employment, occupation, and earnings outcomes using multivariate modelling techniques among recent immigrants in the United States. Findings demonstrate that accounting for each of the aforementioned explanatory factors minimizes the earnings and occupational differences between refugees and all other immigrants. Despite the inclusion of these factors within the model, however, a refugee disparity in earnings and occupational attainment continues to exist." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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De Vroome, Thomas & Frank van Tubergen (2010): The employment experience of refugees in the Netherlands. In: International migration review, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 376-403. DOI:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2010.00810.x

Abstract

"This study focuses on the economically disadvantaged position of refugees. We use survey data of refugees from Somalia, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the former Yugoslavia in the Netherlands, to analyze refugees' odds of employment and their occupational status. In line with human capital and social capital theory, we find that host country specific education, work experience, language proficiency, and contacts with natives are positively related to the chances of employment and occupational status. The study shows that health problems, integration courses, and the time spent in refugee reception centers form important additional explanations of the economic integration of refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Parusel, Bernd (2010): Abschottungs- und Anwerbungsstrategien. EU-Institutionen und Arbeitsmigration. (VS research), Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften, 269 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-531-92323-9

Abstract

"Die Asyl- und Zuwanderungspolitik in Europa ist nicht mehr nur eine Aufgabe der Nationalstaaten, sondern auch der Europäischen Union. Nachdem mit verschiedenen EU-Richtlinien und -Verordnungen im Bereich Asyl und 'illegale' Zuwanderung bereits gemeinschaftliche Regeln und Kriterien geschaffen wurden, rückt seit einigen Jahren verstärkt auch die 'legale' Migration, einschließlich der Zuwanderung von Arbeitskräften aus Drittstaaten, ins Blickfeld der europäischen Entscheidungsträger und Institutionen. Bernd Parusel analysiert, welche ökonomischen, demografischen, sozial- und entwicklungspolitischen Interessen die EU-Akteure vertreten, und untersucht, wodurch sie beeinflusst werden. Es wird deutlich, dass das europäische Institutionengefüge über eine eigene Dynamik verfügt, die eine prägende Wirkung auf die Steuerungsmittel der Zuwanderungspolitik ausübt und schrittweise neue - europäische - Politikergebnisse generiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Smyth, Geri & Henry Kum (2010): 'When they don't use it they will lose it': professionals, deprofessionalization and reprofessionalization. The case of refugee teachers in Scotland. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 503-522. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feq041

Abstract

"This article discusses issues faced by refugees and asylum seekers in Scotland who were teachers in their country of origin as they seek to re-engage professionally. Refugees are frequently placed in low paid unskilled jobs, yet have often been well educated in their original country. This article draws on research conducted between 2006 and 2008, by the RITeS (Refugees Into Teaching in Scotland) project, funded by the West of Scotland Wider Access Forum (West Forum). In order to teach in Scotland, a candidate needs to register with the General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS). This process has presented difficult challenges for refugee teachers, many of whom require intensive support to access the profession in Scotland. Additional structural barriers to employment are created by refusing to allow asylum seekers, who do not have leave to remain, to engage in paid employment. This article adopts a critical approach to the data gathered and explores the personal, cultural, institutional and structural barriers to employment faced by this particular group. The article draws conclusions and recommendations related to the reprofessionalization of a wider range of refugee professionals. As such it offers insights into the post arrival experiences of professional refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Valenta, Marko & Nihad Bunar (2010): State assisted integration: refugee integration policies in Scandinavian welfare states. The Swedish and Norwegian experience. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 463-483. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feq028

Abstract

"This paper sets out to provide an analysis of refugee integration policies in Sweden and Norway, by means of comparative analysis. There is a particular focus on the ideological foundations of the Swedish and Norwegian refugee integration policies, and the main programmes drawn on by the countries' authorities in order to integrate refugees. Further, the focus is widened to identify and analyse the changes, disparities and ambiguities in the Swedish and Norwegian refugee integration policies. The paper also seeks to examine how their experience can help in understanding the limitations of extensive state assisted integration measures. It is maintained here that these Scandinavian countries have developed extensive state sponsored integration programmes of a magnitude which is unique in a European context and elsewhere, and that housing and employment assistance are the two major pillars in both Swedish and Norwegian refugee integration policies. The findings suggest that Sweden and Norway have undergone similar experiences in respect of the challenges and long term outcomes of refugee integration policy-making. Although based on the principle of a strong welfare state, which provides extensive resettlement and integration assistance to refugees, refugee integration policies in Sweden and Norway have not succeeded in equalizing the initial inequalities between refugees and the rest of the population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ager, Alastair & Alison Strang (2008): Understanding integration. A conceptual framework. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 166-191. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fen016

Abstract

"Integration has become both a key policy objective related to the resettlement of refugees and other migrants, and a matter of significant public discussion. Coherent policy development and productive public debate are, however, both threatened by the fact that the concept of integration is used with widely differing meanings. Based on review of attempted definitions of the term, related literature and primary fieldwork in settings of refugee settlement in the UK, the paper identifies elements central to perceptions of what constitutes 'successful' integration. Key domains of integration are proposed related to four overall themes: achievement and access across the sectors of employment, housing, education and health; assumptions and practice regarding citizenship and rights; processes of social connection within and between groups within the community; and structural barriers to such connection related to language, culture and the local environment. A framework linking these domains is presented as a tool to foster debate and definition regarding normative conceptions of integration in resettlement settings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Yakushko, Oksana, Autumn Backhaus, Megan Watson, Katherine Ngaruiya & Jaime Gonzalez (2008): Career development concerns of recent immigrants and refugees. In: Journal of Career Development, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 362-396. DOI:10.1177/0894845308316292

Abstract

"The number of recent immigrants and refugees in the United States is growing dramatically. Among key reasons for migration is search for adequate employment and hope for opportunities to develop occupationally. However, recent immigrants and refugees face multiple obstacles in their career development in the United States. This article uses social cognitive career theory to examine the role of relocation circumstances, stressors of migration, acculturation patterns, and oppression on the career development and employment functioning of recent immigrants and refugees. Specific suggestions for career counselors working with this population are provided." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Scheiber, Gudrun (2007): Dequalifikation von anerkannten Flüchtlingen auf dem oberösterreichischen Arbeitsmarkt, mit einem Beispiel eines möglichen Lösungsweges anhand von Schweden. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 153-166.

Abstract

"Menschen mit migrantischem Hintergrund bringen oft genug berufliche Kompetenzen mit nach Österreich, die allerdings hier brachliegen. Anerkannte Flüchtlinge haben gegenüber anderen MigrantInnen den Vorteil, dass sie keine Arbeitserlaubnis und Ähnliches brauchen, um auf dem heimischen Arbeitsmarkt einer Beschäftigung nachgehen zu können. Dennoch sind auch sie von Dequalifizierung betroffen. Welche Ausbildungen und Berufe die Flüchtlinge mitbringen und in welchen beruflichen Positionen sie in Österreich eingesetzt werden, ob ihre Ausbildungen in Österreich anerkannt sind und ob sie sich auf dem österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt diskriminiert fühlen und nach weiteren Ursachen einer möglichen Dequalifizierung wurde in dieser Untersuchung gefragt. Auch wurden mögliche Lösungswege beschrieben und anhand eines Beispieles aus Schweden ein möglicher, gangbarer Weg zur Behebung der Probleme der Anerkennung von mitgebrachten Qualifikationen aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Stevenson, Jacqueline & John Willott (2007): The aspiration and access to higher education of teenage refugees in the UK. In: Compare, Jg. 37, H. 5, S. 671-687. DOI:10.1080/03057920701582624

Abstract

"Refugee young people are an educationally diverse group. However, unlike groups such as Gypsy/Roma and Travellers, in the UK they do not attract targeted educational funding. In addition, neither the UK integration or refugee educational strategies nor the Higher Education Funding Council for England's strategic plan refer to higher education as a progression route for young refugees, as distinct from other minority ethnic young people. Our research with young refugees has shown that many have specific issues affecting their educational achievements, including interrupted education, experience of trauma, concerns about status and English language difficulties. Our findings also show that that despite these multiple disadvantages many view higher education as a route out of poverty and discrimination and are highly aspirational and motivated. We argue that homogenizing the support needs of young refugees along with those of other minority ethnic students is both inappropriate and insufficient and the continued failure to focus on them as a specific widening participation group will perpetuate their continued absence from the UK higher education system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wauters, Bram & Johan Lambrecht (2007): Potentieel en realisatie van ondernemerschap bij vluchtelingen. In: Tijdschrift voor economie en management, Jg. LII, H. 1, S. 37-63.

Abstract

"The integration of refugees in Western societies is often perceived as problematic. By promoting refugee entrepreneurship, both their integration in society can be aided and domestic entrepreneurship can be boosted. Refugee entrepreneurship has been an underdeveloped domain of scientific research though. Most of the time, scholarly attention was devoted to ethnic entrepreneurship or to the employment positions in general of refugees. Also policy attention has been limited. There clearly exists a potential for refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium, but this is too seldom realized in practice. Male refugees who have been selfemployed in the past and whose family is active as an entrepreneur, have a higher appetite for entrepreneurship. We also found that refugee entrepreneurs earn less than other entrepreneurs. This income difference can be found in each sector.than other entrepreneurs. This income difference can be found in each sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Damm, Anna Piil & Michael Rosholm (2006): Employment effects of spatial dispersal of refugees. (CReAM discussion paper 2006,05), London, 42 S.; 492 KB.

Abstract

"We argue that spatial dispersal influences labour market assimilation of refugees through two mechanisms: first, the local job offer arrival rate and, second, place utility. Our partial search model with simultaneous job and residential location search predicts that the reservation wage for local jobs decreases with place utility. We argue that spatial dispersal decreases average place utility of refugees which decreases the transition rate into first job due to large local reservation wages. We investigate both mechanisms empirically and test the predictions of the theoretical model by evaluating the employment effects of the Danish spatial dispersal policy carried out 1986-1998." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Carter, Thomas J. (2005): Undocumented immigration and host-country welfare. Competition across segmented labor markets. In: Journal of regional science, Jg. 45, H. 4, S. 777-795.

Abstract

"In this paper's model, undocumented workers are endogenously sorted into secondary labor markets. When further illegal immigration occurs, some new migrants follow their fellows into already migrant-dominated jobs, lowering migrant wages and raising real incomes of host-country labor and capital. Some submarkets switch from employing legal workers to employing migrants, lowering demand for and wages of legal workers. Undocumented immigration is Pareto-improving when enforcement reserves primary-sector jobs for legal workers. Pareto-dominant policies target the number of migrant-dominated submarkets, not the number of migrants. This appears consistent with U.S. enforcement practices. The effects of deportations, employer sanctions, and amnesties are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Constant, Amelie & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2005): Legal status at entry, economic performance, and self-employment proclivity. A bi-national study of immigrants. (IZA discussion paper 1910), Bonn, 41 S.

Abstract

"There are concerns about the attachment of immigrants to the labor force, and the potential policy responses. This paper uses a bi-national survey on immigrant performance to investigate the sorting of individuals into full-time paid-employment and entrepreneurship and their economic success. Particular attention is paid to the role of legal status at entry in the host country (worker, refugee, and family reunification), ethnic networks, enclaves and other differences among ethnicities for their integration in the labor market. Since the focus is on the understanding of the self-employment decision, a two-stage structural probit model is employed that determines the willingness to work full-time (against part-time employment and not working), and the choice between full-time paid work and self-employment. The choices are determined by the reservation wage for full-time work, and the perceived earnings from working in paid-employment and as entrepreneur, among other factors. ! Accounting for sample selectivity, the paper provides regressions explaining reservation wages, and actual earnings for paid-employment and self-employment, which provide the basis for such an analysis. The structural probit models suggest that the expected earnings differentials from working and reservation wages and for self-employment and paid-employment earnings matter much, although only among a number of other determinants. For Germany, legal status at entry is important; former refugees and those migrants who arrive through family reunification are less likely to work full-time; refugees are also less self-employed. Those who came through the employment channel are more likely to be in full-time paid work. In Denmark, however, the status at entry variables do not play any significant role. This suggests that the Danish immigrant selection system is ineffective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Constant, Amelie & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2005): Immigrant performance and selective immigration policy. A European perspective. (IZA discussion paper 1715), Bonn, 29 S.

Abstract

"The European Union aims at a stronger participation by its population in work to foster growth and welfare. There are concerns about the attachment of immigrants to the labour force, and discussions about the necessary policy responses. Integrated labour and migration policies are needed. The employment chances of the low-skilled are limited. Whereas Europe could benefit from a substantive immigration policy that imposes selection criteria that are more in line with economic needs, the substantial immigration into the European Union follows largely non-economic motives. This paper discusses the economic rationale of a selective immigration policy and provides empirical evidence about the adverse effects of current selection mechanisms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Franz, Barbara (2005): Uprooted and Unwanted. Bosnian refugees in Austria and the United States. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 208 S.

Abstract

"The tragedy of war does not end when the soldiers put down their guns. Among the after-effects, the dislocation and relocation of civilians often loom large. The aftermath of the Bosnian conflicts has left many refugees needing to establish new lives, often in radically different cultures. In "Uprooted and Unwanted", Barbara Franz offers a cogent look at how these refugees have fared in two representative cities - Vienna and New York.
Between 1991 and 2001, some 30,000 Bosnian refugees settled in Austria, and 120,000 found their way to the United States. Franz focuses on the strategies, skills, and informal networks used by Bosnian refugees, particularly women, to adapt to official policies and administrative practices in their host societies. Her analysis concludes that historically inaccurate ideas on how to deal with displaced persons have led to policies in both Europe and North America that have adversely affected those whose lives have been devastated by war." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bloch, Alice (2004): Labour market participation and conditions of employment. A comparison of minority ethnic groups and refugees in Britain. In: Sociological research online, Jg. 9, H. 2, S. 1-24.

Abstract

"This paper draws on data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and from a survey of 400 refugees in Britain in order to present an up to data comparison of the labour market experiences of minority ethnic groups and refugees. It will show that refugees experience lower rates of employment than their ethnic minority counterparts and that those refugees in employment are more likely to be in temporary and part-time work with poorer terms and conditions of employment and with lower wages. The reasons why refugees experience greater disadvantage in the labour market than others include structural barriers due to policies such as dispersal that can leave refugees isolated from social and community networks that provide information and advice and informal routes into employment but also leave refugees in areas with higher levels of unemployment. Migration patterns are also influential with refugees for the most part arriving more recently in Britain than people from minority ethnic groups. Refugees are also increasingly reliant on agents and smugglers to plan their route and destination and so asylum seekers can find themselves in countries where they have no social networks. Social networks and community organisations play an important role in the early stages of settlement. Finally, the circumstances of exile, attitudes to the country of origin and the insecurity of having temporary status in Britain all prevent economic activity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Marston, Greg (2004): A punitive policy: labour force participation of refugees on Temporary Protection Visas (TPV). In: Labour & Industry, Jg. 15, H. 1, S. 65-79. DOI:10.1080/10301763.2004.10669305

Abstract

"Labour market participation is a key determinant of a successful refugee resettlement. However, the Australian Government's policy of issuing temporary protection visas (TPV) has a negative impact on labour force participation of refugees on TPVs. In exploring this issue, this article presents findings from a qualitative study into the experience of refugees on TPVs living in Victoria. The major barriers to accessing the labour market identified by the study are: the visa status; lack of proficiency in English; discrimination in relation to the TPV; lack of work experience; and skill recognition in Australia. These barriers need to be overcome through a number of means. The first and most important step in improving access to the labour market for refugees on TPVs is to abolish the policy of temporary protection and the associated restrictions on accessing support services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stobbe, Holk (2004): Undokumentierte Migration in Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten. Interne Migrationskontrollen und die Handlungsspielräume von Sans Papiers. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 249 S.

Abstract

"Die Dissertation setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, welche Auswirkungen interne Migrationskontrollen auf die Handlungsspielräume von Sans Papiers (MigrantInnen ohne gültige Aufenthaltserlaubnis) haben. Dazu werden interne Migrationskontrollen in den Bereichen polizeiliche Kontrollen, Arbeitsmarkt, Gesundheitsversorgung, Meldeauflagen und Wohnen sowie Schule und Kinderbetreuung ländervergleichend untersucht. Empirische Grundlage sind Expertengespräche mit MitarbeiterInnen von staatlichen Behörden und Beratungseinrichtungen sowie vierzig qualitative, teilstrukturierte Interviews mit Sans Papiers. In jedem Untersuchungsland wurden systematisch zwanzig MigrantInnen im erwerbsfähigen Alter und mit einem mindestens sechsmonatigem undokumentierten Aufenthalt nach den Kriterien Geschlecht, Herkunft und Qualifikation auswählt und nach ihren Erfahrungen mit Migration und Kontrollen befragt. In der Migrationsforschung wird diskutiert, ob globale ökonomische, politische und soziale Prozesse die Fähigkeit der fortgeschrittenen Industriestaaten eingeschränkt haben, Migration zu kontrollieren. Derartige ökonomische Prozesse sind der mit dem Schlagwort 'Globalisierung' gekennzeichnete erhöhte Austausch von Waren und Dienstleistungen, vor allem aber von Informationen und Kapital; politische Prozesse sind internationale Rechtskonventionen und das Entstehen von suprastaatlichen Strukturen wie die Europäische Union oder die Freihandelszone NAFTA; soziale Prozesse sind die Herausbildung komplexer sozialer Netzwerke von MigrantInnen und Transnationalismus. VertreterInnen der 'Kontrollverlustthese' sehen ihre Annahme durch die seit Mitte der 1980er beobachtete Konvergenz der Migrationspolitik und durch die Zunahme von undokumentierter Migration in den OECD-Staaten bestätigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die Konvergenz der Migrationspolitik im Bereich der internen Kontrollen nur auf der Ebene der Leitlinien und gesetzlichen Normen (Output- Ebene) stattfindet. Auf der Outcome-Ebene, der Ebene der Implementierung und Umsetzung der Kontrollen, bestehen jedoch nationale Unterschiede fort. Interne Kontrollen sind in Bereiche der Sozial- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik sowie der Politik der inneren Ordnung eingebettet, die in den Untersuchungsländer höchst unterschiedlich verzahnt und mit Ressourcen ausgestattet sind. Zudem konfligieren interne Kontrollen in den USA häufig mit anderen Aufgaben der beauftragen staatlichen Institutionen, während sie in Deutschland häufig kongruieren. Die Reichweite der Kontrollen ist daher in den USA deutlich geringer als in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit machen deutlich, dass kein 'Kontrollverlust' durch globale Faktoren stattgefunden hat und die Handlungsspielräume von Sans Papiers vom nationalen Kontext abhängig sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Wollenschläger, Michael (Hrsg.) (2003): Asylum and integration in member states of the EU. Integration of recognized refugee families as defined by the Geneva Convention considering their status with the respect to the law of residence. Berlin: BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verl., 407 S.

Abstract

Der Band ist in erster Linie an Juristen gerichtet. Er entstand im Rahmen der deutschen Sektion der 'Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem' (AWR). Im ersten Teil werden die internationalen und die europäischen Normen zur Integration von Flüchtlingen vorgestellt. Danach untersucht der Autor die Integrationspolitik von Österreich, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Italiens, der Niederlande und des Vereinigten Königreichs. Im letzten Abschnitt stellt er die Vorschläge der AWR zur Reform von Gesetzen und administrativen Verfahren im Zusammenhang mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen vor. Auch dieser Teil der Studie ist nach einzelnen Ländern geordnet und enthält sehr detaillierte Informationen beziehungsweise Vorschläge. (ZPol, Leske u. Budrich)

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Neumann, Ursula, Heike Niedrig, Joachim Schroeder & Louis Henri Seukwa (Hrsg.) (2002): Wie offen ist der Bildungsmarkt? Rechtliche und symbolische Ausgrenzungen junger afrikanischer Flüchtlinge im Bildungs-, Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem. (Bildung in Umbruchsgesellschaften 01), Münster: Waxmann, 168 S.

Abstract

"Dieses Buch ist eine Zusammenstellung der Beiträge eines Kolloquiums, das sich mit der Frage beschäftigte, in welcher Weise die Bildungssysteme der europäischen Aufnahmeländer mit jungen afrikanischen Flüchtlingen umgehen. Referentinnen und Referenten aus Großbritannien, den Niederlanden, Österreich und Deutschland diskutieren ihre Sicht der Probleme, Bedarfe und Projekterfahrungen in der Bildungsarbeit mit jungen Flüchtlingen im europäischen Kontext.
Es geht insbesondere darum, gegenwärtige Probleme der Bildungs- und Flüchtlingspolitik aus der jeweiligen Ländersicht zu skizzieren, Praxisbeispiele aus der Bildungsarbeit vorzustellen sowie Beiträge zur erziehungswissenschaftlichen Theoriebildung einzubringen.
Ausgrenzungsmechanismen im deutschen Schul- und Ausbildungssystem sowie im Arbeitsmarkt werden aufgezeigt und deren Auswirkungen auf die jungen Flüchtlinge beschrieben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Piguet, Etienne & Jean-Hugues Ravel (2002): Les demandeurs d'asile sur le marché du travail suisse 1996 - 2000. (Forum Suisse pour l'Etude des Migrations et de la Population. Rapport de recherche 19), Neuchâtel, 153 S.

Abstract

"Le présent rapport est structuré de la manière suivante : Le premier chapitre présente en détail les donnés utilisées pour l'étude. Le deuxième chapitre présente le profil sociodémographique des demandeurs d'asile. Il répond à la question de l'évolution de cette population et de sa transformation entre 1996 et 2000. Le troisième chapitre porte sur la situation des demandeurs d'asile sur le marché du travail. Il répond à la question du rôle économique de cette main-d'oeuvre. Le quatrième chapitre met en évidence les principaux facteurs qui facilitent ou freinent l'insertion sur le marché du travail. Il répond à la question de l'effet de la nationalité, du temps de séjour, etc. Il permet d'estimer si les changements conjoncturels ont eu un effet sur l'emploi et dans quelle mesure l'interdiction de travail promulguée en septembre 99 a fait diminuer l'occupation. Ce chapitre permet aussi de répondre à la question du caractère saisonnier ou non de l'emploi des demandeurs d'asile. Le cinquième chapitre étudiera les parcours individuels. Il permettra de mieux comprendre la dynamique du marché du travail pour les demandeurs d'asile et les phénomènes d'alternance entre emploi et inactivité." (Extrait de texte, IAB-Doku) ((fr))

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Warmerdam, John & Harry van der Tillaart (2002): Arbeidspotentieel en arbeidsmarktloopbanen van vluchtelingen en asielgerechtigden. Een verkennend onderzoek naar ervaringen van nieuwkomers op de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt. (OSA-publicatie A189), Den Haag, 207 S.

Abstract

"Dit rapport bevat het verslag van een verkennend onderzoek naar het arbeidspotentieel en de arbeidsmarktloopbanen van vluchtelingen en asielgerechtigden. Het onderzoek is in de periode februari 2001 tot maart 2002 in opdracht van de OSA uitgevoerd door het ITS. Het onderzoek bestond uit drie onderdelen: een kwantitatieve analyse van databestanden van de IND, een reeks diepte-interviews met circa 50 vluchtelingen uit zogenaamde nieuwe etnische groepen (in dit geval Irakezen, Iraniers. Ethiopiers/Eritreers, Somaliers en Vietnamezen) en een aantal gesprekken met vertegenwoordigers van bij inburgering, scholing, toeleiding en bemiddeling betrokken instanties." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((nl))