matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Imperfect monitoring of job search: structural estimation and policy design (2018)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart, Muriel Dejemeppe, Andrey Launov & Bruno Van der Linden (2018): Imperfect monitoring of job search. Structural estimation and policy design. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 75-120. DOI:10.1086/693868
Abstract
"We build and estimate a nonstationary structural job search model that incorporates the main stylized features of a typical job search monitoring scheme in unemployment insurance (UI) and acknowledges that search effort and requirements are measured imperfectly. On the basis of Belgian data, monitoring is found to affect search behavior only weakly because assessments were scheduled late and infrequently, the monitoring technology was not sufficiently precise, and lenient Belgian UI results in caseloads that are less responsive to incentives than elsewhere. Simulations show how changing the aforementioned design features can enhance effectiveness and that precise monitoring is key in this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10487 -
Literaturhinweis
Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour (2018)
Ehrenfried, Felix; Holzner, Christian;Zitatform
Ehrenfried, Felix & Christian Holzner (2018): Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour. (CESifo working paper 7283), München, 51 S.
Abstract
"Models of random search, directed search, or stock-ow matching differ substantially in the way they assume that job seekers and firms behave during the recruitment process. In this paper we identify new patterns about the recruitment behaviour of firms using the entropy balancing technique and argue that stock-flow matching models - if suitably amended by a timeconsuming screening technology - are best able to explain why the vacancy-filling hazard is increasing during the planned search period and decreases thereafter, why most applicants arrive early in the recruitment process, and why the willingness to pay higher wages or to hire less qualified or experienced applicants increases for firms, which have been unlucky and unable to hire until the intended starting date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time-varying job creation and macroeconomic shocks (2018)
Zitatform
Guglielminetti, Elisa & Meradj Pouraghdam (2018): Time-varying job creation and macroeconomic shocks. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 156-179. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.09.008
Abstract
"In this paper we investigate the time-varying properties of job creation in the United States in connection to the macro-economy. We address this issue through a time-varying parameter VAR (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility. We identify four structural shocks by combining zero long-run restrictions and short-run sign restrictions based on a NK-DSGE model with frictional labor markets. Our main findings are as follows. First, at business cycle frequencies for most part of the sample the lion share of the volatility of job creation is explained by non-technology shocks; this challenges the conventional practice of addressing the labor market volatility puzzle (Shimer, 2005) under the assumption that technology shocks are the main driver of fluctuations in hiring. Second, permanent supply shocks had a negative impact on job creation during the Great Inflation period - a result reminiscent of the 'hours puzzle' (Galí, 1999). We show that the main candidate in explaining such structural change is the more passive conduct of monetary policy at that time. It follows that the results derived from partial equilibrium models of the labor market, which imply a rise in hiring as technology improves, neglect important transmission channels and may be misleading." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage dispersion and search behavior : The importance of nonwage job values (2018)
Zitatform
Hall, Robert E. & Andreas I. Mueller (2018): Wage dispersion and search behavior : The importance of nonwage job values. In: Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 126, H. 4, S. 1594-1637. DOI:10.1086/697739
Abstract
"We use a rich new body of data on the experiences of unemployed job seekers to determine the sources of wage dispersion and to create a search model consistent with the acceptance decisions the job seekers made. We identify the distributions of four key variables: offered wages, offered nonwage job values, job seekers' nonwork alternatives, and job seekers' personal productivities. We find that, conditional on personal productivity, the standard deviation of offered log wages is moderate, at 0.24, whereas the dispersion of the offered nonwage component is substantially larger, at 0.34. The resulting dispersion of offered job values is 0.38." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Urbanization, commuting and regional labor markets (2018)
Haller, Peter;Zitatform
Haller, Peter (2018): Urbanization, commuting and regional labor markets. (IAB-Bibliothek 368), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 124 S. DOI:10.3278/300972w
Abstract
"Deutschland ist durch seine regionale Struktur - mit vielen Zentren intensiver wirtschaftlicher Aktivität - besonders interessant für Analysen zu räumlichen Mechanismen von Städten und zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen Regionen. Mit steigender Bevölkerungszahl in den Städten dient das Pendeln zwischen Wohn- und Arbeitsort als räumlicher Ausgleichsmechanismus und führt zu Interaktionen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten. Der Autor untersucht, wie lokale Arbeitsmärkte interagieren, wie stark besiedelte Märkte bei der Suche nach einem neuen Arbeitsplatz helfen und wie Beschäftigte auf Änderungen ihrer Pendlerdistanzen reagieren. Die verschiedenen Blickwinkel und die Verwendung von Mikro- und georeferenzierten Daten bieten neue empirische Erkenntnisse über die Interaktionen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten und das Mobilitätsverhalten in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
E-Book Open Access -
Literaturhinweis
Big Data bei der BA: Neue Erkenntnisse zum Suchverhalten am Arbeitsmarkt (2018)
Zitatform
Hartl, Tobias, Christian Hutter & Enzo Weber (2018): Big Data bei der BA: Neue Erkenntnisse zum Suchverhalten am Arbeitsmarkt. In: IAB-Forum H. 29.05.2018, o. Sz., 2018-05-24.
Abstract
"Mit der Jobbörse der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) und der Vermittler-Software 'VerBIS' erschließen sich für die Forschung ganz neuartige Datenquellen. Sie erlauben die Messung von Such- und Vermittlungsintensitäten und ermöglichen innovative Analysen des Arbeitsmarktgeschehens." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Of carrots and sticks: The effect of workfare announcements on the job search behaviour and reservation wage of welfare recipients (2018)
Hohmeyer, Katrin; Wolff, Joachim;Zitatform
Hohmeyer, Katrin & Joachim Wolff (2018): Of carrots and sticks: The effect of workfare announcements on the job search behaviour and reservation wage of welfare recipients. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-23., 2018-09-23. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0245-9
Abstract
"The German workfare scheme 'One-Euro-Jobs', which provides additional jobs of public interest for welfare recipients, has a number of different goals. On the one hand, One-Euro-Jobs are intended to increase the participants' employment prospects in the medium term. On the other hand, they can be used to test welfare recipients' willingness to work. We use survey data from the Panel Study 'Labour Market and Social Security' and propensity score matching methods to study the intention-to-treat effect of receiving a One-Euro-Job announcement on job search behaviour, reservation wage and labour market performance of welfare recipients. We find that receiving a One-Euro-Job announcement increases job search activities significantly and decreases the reservation wage for women and individuals who have been employed within the last 4 years, but does not affect the short-term employment probability." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How demanding are activation requirements for jobseekers (2018)
Zitatform
Immervoll, Herwig & Carlo Knotz (2018): How demanding are activation requirements for jobseekers. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 215), Paris, 53 S. DOI:10.1787/2bdfecca-en
Abstract
"This paper presents new information on activity-related eligibility criteria for unemployment and related benefits in OECD- and EU-countries in 2017, comparing the strictness of 'demanding' elements built into unemployment benefits across countries and over time. Eligibility criteria for unemployment benefits determine what claimants need to do to successfully claim benefits initially or to continue receiving them. Benefit systems feature specific rules that define the type of job offers that claimants need to accept, requirements for papering on the outcomes of independent job-search efforts, obligations to participate in active labour market programmes, as well as sanctions for failing to meet these requirements. Such rules aim to strengthen incentives to look for, prepare for, and accept employment. They may also be used as a targeting device to reduce demands on benefit systems, and on associated employment services. While this may serve to limit support to genuine jobseekers, strict requirements can also exclude some intended recipients from financial and re-employment support, e.g., by discouraging them from applying. This paper presents detailed information on policy rules in 2017, summarises them into an overall policy indicator of eligibility strictness, and gauges recent policy trends by documenting changes in the strictness measures. A novelty is the inclusion of lower-tier unemployment or social assistance benefits in the compilation of policy rules. Results document a large number of reforms enacted after the Great Recession and suggest a slight convergence of policy rules across countries even though overall measures of the strictness of activity-related eligibility criteria have remained broadly unchanged during the recent past. In countries with multiple layers of support for the unemployed, availability requirements tend to be more demanding for lower-tier assistance benefits, while sanction rules tend to be more stringent for first-tier programmes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 11716 -
Literaturhinweis
Social networks and the labour market mismatch (2018)
Zitatform
Kalfa, Eleni & Matloob Piracha (2018): Social networks and the labour market mismatch. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 877-914. DOI:10.1007/s00148-017-0677-5
Abstract
"This paper assesses the extent to which social contacts and ethnic concentration affect the education-occupation mismatch of natives and immigrants. Using Australian panel data and employing a dynamic random effects probit model, we show that social capital exacerbates the incidence of over-education, particularly for females. Furthermore, for the foreign born, ethnic concentration significantly increases the incidence of over-education. Using an Alternative Index, we also show that social participation, friends and support and ethnic concentration are the main contributors in generating a mismatch, while reciprocity and trust does not seem to have any effect on over-education for both, immigrants and natives. Finally, we show that social networks are more beneficial for the relatively better educated." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Oxford Handbook of job loss and job search (2018)
Zitatform
Klehe, Ute-Christine & Edwin A. J. van Hooft (Hrsg.) (2018): The Oxford Handbook of job loss and job search. (Oxford Library of psychology), New York: Oxford University Press, 615 S.
Abstract
"Job search is and always has been an integral part of people's working lives. Whether one is brand new to the labor market or considered a mature, experienced worker, job seekers are regularly met with new challenges in a variety of organizational settings. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin A.J. van Hooft, The Oxford Handbook of Job Loss and Job Search provides readers with one of the first comprehensive overviews of the latest research and empirical knowledge in the areas of job loss and job search.
Multidisciplinary in nature, Klehe, van Hooft, and their contributing authors offer fascinating insight into the diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives from which job loss and job search have been studied, such as psychology, sociology, labor studies, and economics. Discussing the antecedents and consequences of job loss, as well as outside circumstances that may necessitate a more rigorous job hunt, this Handbook presents in-depth and up-to-date knowledge on the methods and processes of this important time in one's life. Further, it examines the unique circumstances faced by different populations during their job search, such as those working job-to-job, the unemployed, mature job seekers, international job seekers, and temporary employed workers.
Job loss and unemployment are among the worst stressors individuals can encounter during their lifetimes. As a result, this Handbook concludes with a discussion of the various types of interventions developed to aid the unemployed. Further, it offers readers important insights and identifies best practices for both scholars and practitioners working in the areas of job loss, unemployment, career transitions, outplacement, and job search." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie das Inhaltsverzeichnis. -
Literaturhinweis
Theory and evidence on employer collusion in the franchise sector (2018)
Krueger, Alan B.; Ashenfelter, Orley;Zitatform
Krueger, Alan B. & Orley Ashenfelter (2018): Theory and evidence on employer collusion in the franchise sector. (NBER working paper 24831), Cambrige, Mass., 28 S. DOI:10.3386/w24831
Abstract
"In this paper we study the role of covenants in franchise contracts that restrict the recruitment and hiring of employees from other units within the same franchise chain in suppressing competition for workers. Based on an analysis of 2016 Franchise Disclosure Documents, we find that 'no-poaching of workers agreements' are included in a surprising 58 percent of major franchisors' contracts, including McDonald's, Burger King, Jiffy Lube and H&R Block. The implications of these no-poaching agreements for models of oligopsony are also discussed. No-poaching agreements are more common for franchises in low-wage and high-turnover industries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who gets hired? The importance of finding an open slot (2018)
Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.; Stanton, Christopher T.;Zitatform
Lazear, Edward P., Kathryn L. Shaw & Christopher T. Stanton (2018): Who gets hired? The importance of finding an open slot. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. S1, S. S133-S181. DOI:10.1086/694908
Abstract
"Being hired into a job depends not only on one's own skill but also on that of other applicants. When another able applicant applies, a well-suited worker may be forced into unemployment or into accepting an inferior job. A model of this process defines over- and underqualification and provides predictions on its prevalence and on the wages of mismatched workers. It also implies that unemployment is concentrated among the least skilled workers, while vacancies are concentrated among high-skilled jobs. Four data sets are used to confirm the implications and establish that the hiring probability is low when competing applicants are able." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 22202 -
Literaturhinweis
Employment protection and unemployment benefits: on technology adoption and job creation in a matching model (2018)
Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Vagstad, Steinar; Straume, Odd Rune;Zitatform
Lommerud, Kjell Erik, Odd Rune Straume & Steinar Vagstad (2018): Employment protection and unemployment benefits. On technology adoption and job creation in a matching model. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 3, S. 763-793. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12244
Abstract
"We analyse the effects of different labour-market policies (employment protection, unemployment benefits, and payroll taxes) on job creation and technology choices in a model where firms are matched with workers of different productivity and wages are determined by ex post bargaining. The model is characterized by two intertwined sources of inefficiency, namely a matching externality and a hold-up externality associated with the bargaining strength of workers. The results depend on the relative importance of the two externalities and on worker risk aversion. 'Flexicurity', meaning low employment protection and generous unemployment insurance, can be optimal if workers are sufficiently risk-averse and the hold-up problem is relatively important." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor mismatches: Effects on wages and on job satisfaction in 17 OECD countries (2018)
Mateos-Romero, Lucía; del Mar Salinas-Jiménez, María;Zitatform
Mateos-Romero, Lucía & María del Mar Salinas-Jiménez (2018): Labor mismatches: Effects on wages and on job satisfaction in 17 OECD countries. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 140, H. 1, S. 369-391. DOI:10.1007/s11205-017-1830-y
Abstract
"This study analyzes the effects of labor mismatches on wages and on job satisfaction in seventeen OECD countries by distinguishing between educational mismatch and skills mismatch. Using data from PIAAC, the results suggest that whereas educational mismatch shows greater effects on wages, the effects of labor mismatch on job satisfaction are generally better explained by skills mismatches. Both phenomena appear to be relevant for understanding the economic effects of labor mismatch and suggest that educational mismatch is not an accurate proxy for skills mismatch, mainly when the non-monetary effects of labor mismatch are addressed." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Short-time work subsidies in a matching model (2018)
Meier, Volker;Zitatform
Meier, Volker (2018): Short-time work subsidies in a matching model. (CESifo working paper 7281), München, 35 S.
Abstract
"We consider positive and normative aspects of subsidizing work arrangements where subsidies are paid in time of low demand and reduced working hours so as to stabilize workers' income. In a matching framework such an arrangement increases labor demand. Tightening eligibility to short-time work benefits tends to reduce the wage while the impact on unemployment remains ambiguous. We develop a modified Hosios condition characterizing an efficient combination of labor market tightness and short-time benefit loss rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers: Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters (2018)
Zitatform
Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf, Robin Samuel & Stefan Sacchi (2018): How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers. Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0239-7
Abstract
"We ask how employers contribute to unemployment scarring in the recruitment process in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. By drawing on recruitment theories, we aim to better understand how recruiters assess different patterns of unemployment in a job candidate's CV and how this affects the chances of young applicants being considered for a vacancy. We argue that in contexts with tight school-work linkage and highly standardised Vocational Education and Training systems, the detrimental effect of early unemployment depends on how well the applicant's profile matches the requirements of the advertised position. To test this assumption, we surveyed Swiss recruiters who were seeking to fill positions during the time of data collection. We employed a factorial survey experiment that tested how the (un)employment trajectories in hypothetical young job applicants' CV affected their chances of being considered for a real vacancy. Our results show that unemployment decreases the perceived suitability of an applicant for a specific job, which implies there is a scarring effect of unemployment that increases with the duration of being unemployed. But we also found that these effects are moderated by how well the applicant's profile matches the job's requirements. Overall, the worse the match between applicant's profile and the job profile, the smaller are the scarring effects of unemployment. In sum, our findings contribute to the literature by revealing considerable heterogeneity in the scarring effects of unemployment. Our findings further suggest that the scarring effects of unemployment need to be studied with regard to country-specific institutional settings, the applicants' previous education and employment experiences, and the job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work as foraging: a smartphone study of job search and employment after prison (2018)
Sugie, Naomi F.;Zitatform
Sugie, Naomi F. (2018): Work as foraging: a smartphone study of job search and employment after prison. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 123, H. 5, S. 1453-1491. DOI:10.1086/696209
Abstract
"The past several decades have seen a decline in employment rates and labor force participation, particularly among low-skilled, minority men living in poor areas. As low-skill jobs disappear from poor places, how do marginalized job seekers navigate this landscape? Using over 8,000 daily measures of search and work collected from smartphones distributed to 133 men recently released from prison, this article presents the concept of work as foraging, where people work a variety of extremely precarious opportunities that span across job types. Sequence analysis methods describe distinct patterns of search and work that unfold over time, where most people cease their search efforts after the first month and maintain a state of very irregular and varied work. Although there is substantial heterogeneity in patterns, foraging is a common strategy of survival work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labour market policies in Germany: do regional labour markets benefit? (2018)
Wapler, Rüdiger; Wolf, Katja; Werner, Daniel;Zitatform
Wapler, Rüdiger, Daniel Werner & Katja Wolf (2018): Active labour market policies in Germany. Do regional labour markets benefit? In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 51, S. 5561-5578., 2018-05-01. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2018.1487526
Abstract
"This article examines on a regional level whether active labour market policies (ALMP) improve the matching process. To take the fact of heterogeneous search effectiveness during programme participation into account, we distinguish between current and former programme participants. Our findings based on a regional augmented matching function show that higher search effectiveness due to ALMP is not outweighed by indirect effects on nonparticipants. The total number of matches in a region increases with a higher share of former programme participants among the jobseekers. However, these effects largely differ between programme types." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the optimal diversification of social networks in frictional labour markets with occupational mismatch (2018)
Zitatform
Zaharieva, Anna (2018): On the optimal diversification of social networks in frictional labour markets with occupational mismatch. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 112-127. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.04.002
Abstract
"This paper incorporates social networks into a frictional labour market framework. There are two worker types and two occupations, which are subject to correlated fluctuations in output. The equilibrium is characterized by occupational mismatch which is associated with a wage penalty. Every worker has a fixed number of social contacts in the network. The fraction of contacts of the same occupational type defines homophily of the social network, so this paper investigates the optimal level of network homophily. Workers are risk-neutral and take aggregate variables as given, so their optimal individual choice is full homophily. This is different from the social planner's perspective. The planner internalizes external effects of workers' network choices on aggregate variables, so there exists a unique interior value of network homophily maximizing the present value of income. On the one hand, higher homophily is associated with lower occupational mismatch. But on the other hand, higher homophily separates the two groups of workers, prevents exchange of information about open vacancies, and leads to more unemployment, especially in recessions. So it is the trade-off between these two effects and not the desire to reduce income volatility, as in standard portfolio theory, which gives rise to network diversification. Comparative statics shows that optimal network homophily is lower and diversification is stronger with a lower wage penalty from mismatch, lower unemployment benefit and negative correlation in output fluctuations." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of unemployment insurance on job search: evidence from Google search data (2017)
Baker, Scott R.; Fradkin, Andrey;Zitatform
Baker, Scott R. & Andrey Fradkin (2017): The impact of unemployment insurance on job search: evidence from Google search data. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 99, H. 5, S. 756-768. DOI:10.1162/REST_a_00674
Abstract
"Job search is a key choice variable in theories of labor markets but is difficult to measure directly. We develop a job search activity index based on Google search data, the Google Job Search Index (GJSI). We validate the GJSI with both survey- and web-based measures of job search. Unlike those measures, the GJSI is high frequency, geographically precise, and available in real time. We demonstrate the GJSI's utility by using it to study the effects of unemployment insurance policy changes between 2008 and 2014. We find no evidence of an economically meaningful effect of these changes on aggregate search." (Author's abstract, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Local labor market size and qualification mismatch (2017)
Zitatform
Berlingieri, Francesco (2017): Local labor market size and qualification mismatch. (ZEW discussion paper 17-055), Mannheim, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effect of the size of the local labor market on skill mismatch. Using survey data for Germany, I find that workers in large cities are both less likely to be overqualified for their job and to work in a different field than the one they are trained for. Different empirical strategies are employed to account for the potential sorting of talented workers into more urbanized areas. Results on individuals never moving from the place of childhood and fixed-effects estimates obtaining identification through regional migrants suggest that sorting does not fully explain the existing differences in qualification mismatch across areas. This provides evidence of the existence of agglomeration economies through better matches. However, lower qualification mismatch in larger cities is found to explain only a small part of the urban wage premium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Landing a job, sinking a career?: The trade-off between occupational downgrading and quick reemployment according to unemployed jobseekers' career stage and job prospects (2017)
Buchs, Helen; Buchmann, Marlis; Murphy, Emily;Zitatform
Buchs, Helen, Emily Murphy & Marlis Buchmann (2017): Landing a job, sinking a career? The trade-off between occupational downgrading and quick reemployment according to unemployed jobseekers' career stage and job prospects. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 52, H. December, S. 26-35. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2017.10.001
Abstract
"A critical aspect of individual careers is the quality of jobs the unemployed match to at reemployment. The present study examines a trade-off the unemployed face in occupationally segmented labor markets: quickly exiting unemployment via downgraded reemployment or holding out for a skill adequate job while remaining unemployed. We analyze how the likelihood of involuntary status downgrading relates to the relative availability of 'best fit' vacancies at particular stages of a career. This study thus contributes to the broader literature on scar effects incurred from the experience of unemployment. Another contribution is the construction of refined measures of accessible vacancies at the micro level. Proportional hazard rate models are estimated using an inflow sample (2006 - 2014) of unemployed men with vocational education in Switzerland. Our results show that a higher relative availability of 'best fit' vacancies lowers jobseekers' risk of taking up a lower prestige job than the one sought. Career stage also matters for the trade-off between the quality and speed of reemployment, with trial stage unemployed being most responsive to job prospects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regional mobility of unemployed workers: Experimental evidence on decision-making and behaviour in flexible labour markets (2017)
Zitatform
Bähr, Sebastian (2017): Regional mobility of unemployed workers. Experimental evidence on decision-making and behaviour in flexible labour markets. (IAB-Bibliothek 365), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 172 S. DOI:10.3278/300943w
Abstract
"Moderne Arbeitsmärkte erfordern ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität von Arbeitskräften und insbesondere von Arbeitslosen. Dabei kommt der Bereitschaft zur regionalen Mobilität im Zuge der tiefgreifenden Hartz-Reformen des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes eine zentrale Rolle zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht diese Forschungsarbeit die Bedeutung überregionaler Mobilität im Stellensuchprozess von Arbeitslosen. Basierend auf innovativen experimentellen Forschungsdesigns, reichhaltigen administrativen und Befragungsdaten und unter Verwendung aktueller ökonometrischer Analysen leistet Sebastian Bähr einen wichtigen Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte über die Wirkung von Flexibilisierung auf soziale Ungleichheit am Arbeitsmarkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
E-Book Open Access -
Literaturhinweis
Signaling cooperation (2017)
Heinz, Matthias; Schumacher, Heiner;Zitatform
Heinz, Matthias & Heiner Schumacher (2017): Signaling cooperation. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 98, H. September, S. 199-216. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.06.017
Abstract
"We examine what an applicant's vita signals to employers about her willingness to cooperate in teams. Intensive social engagement may credibly reveal that an applicant cares about others and is less likely to free-ride in teamwork situations. We find that contributions to a public good strongly increase in a subject's degree of social engagement as indicated on her résumé. In a prediction experiment with human resource managers, we find that employers use résumé content effectively to predict relative differences in subjects' willingness to cooperate. Thus, a young professional's vita signals important behavioral characteristics to potential employers. Our results complement the findings from recent studies which analyze the effects of social engagement on wages and job market prospects." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Downward flexibility: Who is willing to take an inferior job? (2017)
Wilson, Shaun; Hadler, Markus;Zitatform
Wilson, Shaun & Markus Hadler (2017): Downward flexibility: Who is willing to take an inferior job? In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 187-204. DOI:10.1177/0959680116659816
Abstract
"Most workers look forward to better jobs across their careers, but in an age of rising inequality and insecurity at work, some are willing to accept an inferior job in order to avoid joblessness. We use the Work Orientations III survey from the 2005 International Social Survey Programme to explore such 'downward flexibility' and develop several regression models specified for 19 OECD countries to test hypotheses and explore macro- and individual-level variations. Workers in liberal 'labour market regimes' are more tolerant of downward adaptations, in line with evidence that these regimes produce strongly institutionalized norms of flexibility. Tolerance of a worse job is also higher among those with weak labour market positions (low-income respondents, women and young people). Further macro-level analysis suggests that the 'model' country with the most downwardly flexible workers would be rich and unequal, with weak unions and low levels of social protection and industrial rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Differential overeducation in East and West Germany: extending Frank's theory on economic returns changes the picture of disadvantaged women (2016)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina & Julian Sebastian Leppin (2016): Differential overeducation in East and West Germany. Extending Frank's theory on economic returns changes the picture of disadvantaged women. In: Labour, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 455-504. DOI:10.1111/labr.12084
Abstract
"We test the theory of differential overeducation which predicts that women and particularly partnered women are more affected by overeducation than men. Our OLS and FE estimations based on German SOEP data confirm that women indeed exhibit more years of excess education in both regions. Women's higher educational mismatch accounts for 5 pp of the West German pay gap. However, women suffer lower wage penalties from overeducation than men in both regions and, for partnered people, higher female wage penalties vanish in the FE estimations. Hence, women are more rationed than men concerning overeducation magnitude, confirming Frank's theory, but rather less disadvantaged with respect to economic returns." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of social capital in the job-related regional mobility decisions of unemployed individuals (2016)
Zitatform
Bähr, Sebastian & Martin Abraham (2016): The role of social capital in the job-related regional mobility decisions of unemployed individuals. In: Social Networks, Jg. 46, H. July, S. 44-59., 2015-12-23. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2015.12.004
Abstract
"Social capital is an important factor in interregional mobility. Although most prior research has focused on its role in the job-finding process, this study investigates the function of social networks and the social capital embedded therein after an interregional job offer has been received. This subject is particularly important for the unemployed, who should be able to exploit a mobility strategy to re-enter the labour market. Unemployed persons rely on their social networks to cope with joblessness, but there is evidence that social contexts can also act as mobility traps for this group (Windzio, 2004). We examine whether the unemployed weight social capital in a unique manner when making decisions regarding mobility.
To investigate these issues, we combine a factorial survey module (FSM) with data from the German 'Labour market and social security' (PASS) panel study to generate representative samples of both unemployed and employed persons with a randomised mobility stimulus in the form of hypothetical interregional job offers. Our results reveal the mobilising effects of exposure to conflict-laden relationships with the social network and the household. These are particularly pronounced for unemployed persons, highlighting the importance of factors that influence decision making about mobility beyond simple economic considerations." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Overqualification of graduates: assessing the role of family background (2016)
Erdsiek, Daniel;Zitatform
Erdsiek, Daniel (2016): Overqualification of graduates. Assessing the role of family background. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 253-268., 2016-07-07. DOI:10.1007/s12651-016-0208-y
Abstract
"Ein Mismatch zwischen den Anforderungen einer beruflichen Beschäftigung und den Fähigkeiten eines Arbeitnehmers kann Produktivitätsverluste auf der individuellen sowie gesamtwirtschaftlichen Ebene verursachen, weil das verfügbare Humankapital nicht ausreichend genutzt wird. Überqualifikation beschreibt eine entsprechende Situation in der ein Mismatch vorliegt, weil die Beschäftigung nicht den formalen Bildungsabschluss erfordert, den der Arbeitnehmer erworben hat. Diese Studie untersucht, inwieweit der familiäre Hintergrund von Hochschulabsolventen die Wahrscheinlichkeit beeinflusst, überqualifiziert beschäftigt zu sein. Mögliche Wirkungsmechanismen für einen Effekt der sozialen Herkunft werden diskutiert und anhand von Proxy-Variablen für die folgenden potentiellen Einflussfaktoren empirisch untersucht: individuelle Fähigkeiten, Charakteristika des Studiums, soziales Kapital, finanzielles Kapital und Karriereorientierung. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, sind Hochschulabsolventen aus Akademikerhaushalten seltener überqualifiziert beschäftigt als Bildungsaufsteiger - also Absolventen, deren Eltern nicht über einen Hochschulabschluss verfügen. Die Differenz der Überqualifikationsraten dieser beiden Absolventengruppen beträgt 7,4 Prozentpunkte. Eine Blinder-Oaxaca Dekomposition dieser Differenz zeigt, dass individuelle Fähigkeiten, Studieneigenschaften und soziales Kapital wichtige Wirkungsmechanismen für den Einfluss des familiären Hintergrunds auf das Risiko einer Überqualifikation darstellen." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Search costs and efficiency: do unemployed workers search enough? (2016)
Gautier, Pieter; Wolthoff, Ronald; Moraga-Gonzalez, Jose L.;Zitatform
Gautier, Pieter, Jose L. Moraga-Gonzalez & Ronald Wolthoff (2016): Search costs and efficiency. Do unemployed workers search enough? In: European Economic Review, Jg. 84, H. May, S. 123-139. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.04.001
Abstract
"Many labor market policies affect the marginal benefits and costs of job search. The impact and desirability of such policies depend on the distribution of search costs. In this paper, we provide an equilibrium framework for identifying the distribution of search costs and we apply it to the Dutch labor market. In our model, the wage distribution, job search intensities, and firm entry are simultaneously determined in market equilibrium. Given the distribution of search intensities (which we directly observe), we calibrate the search cost distribution and the flow value of non-market time; these values are then used to derive the socially optimal firm entry rates and distribution of job search intensities. From a social point of view, some unemployed workers search too little due to a hold-up problem, while other unemployed workers search too much due to coordination frictions and rent-seeking behavior. Our results indicate that jointly increasing unemployment benefits and the sanctions for unemployed workers who do not search at all can be welfare-improving." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multi-region job search with moving costs (2016)
Zitatform
Kawata, Keisuke, Kentaro Nakajima & Yasuhiro Sato (2016): Multi-region job search with moving costs. In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 61, H. November, S. 114-129. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2016.10.002
Abstract
"We develop a competitive search model involving multiple regions, geographically mobile workers, and moving costs. Equilibrium mobility patterns are analyzed and characterized, and the results indicate that shocks to a particular region, such as a productivity shock, can propagate to other regions through workers' mobility. Moreover, equilibrium mobility patterns are inefficient due to the existence of moving costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who gets hired? The importance of finding an open slot (2016)
Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.; Stanton, Christopher T.;Zitatform
Lazear, Edward P., Kathryn L. Shaw & Christopher T. Stanton (2016): Who gets hired? The importance of finding an open slot. (NBER working paper 22202), Cambrige, Mass., 46 S. DOI:10.3386/w22202
Abstract
"A model of hiring into posted job slots suggests hiring is based on comparative advantage: being hired depends not only on one's own skill but also on the skills of other applicants. The model has numerous implications. First, bumping of applicants occurs when one job-seeker is slotted into a lower paying job by another applicant who is more skilled. Second, less able workers are more likely to be unemployed because they are bumped. Third, vacancies are higher for harder to fill skilled jobs. Fourth, some workers are over-qualified for their jobs whereas others are under-qualified. These implications are borne out using four different data sets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market sorting in Germany (2016)
Zitatform
Lochner, Benjamin & Bastian Schulz (2016): Labor market sorting in Germany. (CESifo working paper 6066), München, 56 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the allocation of workers to jobs and the wage distribution in Germany. Our main contribution is to reconcile prominent empirical models of wage dispersion (Abowd et al., 1999; Card et al., 2013) with theoretical sorting models (Shimer and Smith, 2000; Eeckhout and Kircher, 2011; Hagedorn et al., 2016). We find that empirical fixed effect models provide a valid approximation of observed wages and matching patterns for a large part of the data. For low-type workers, however, wages are decreasing in the type of the firm a worker is matched with. This prediction of theoretical sorting models is at odds with the monotonicity assumption of fixed effect models. After ranking both workers and firms, we show that low-type workers have become increasingly sorted into low-type firms over time, especially out of unemployment. This increase is driven by selection into wage-maximizing matches at the bottom of the firm type distribution. It can be linked to increased domestic outsourcing of low-type workers to business service firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of binding and non-binding job search requirements (2015)
Arni, Patrick; Schiprowski, Amelie;Zitatform
Arni, Patrick & Amelie Schiprowski (2015): The effects of binding and non-binding job search requirements. (IZA discussion paper 8951), Bonn, 52 S.
Abstract
"Job search requirements constrain the effort choice of unemployment insurance recipients by enforcing a minimum number of monthly applications. This paper is the first to assess how individual search effort, job finding and job stability react to this constraint. Standard job search theory predicts that requirements affect each job seeker relative to her unconstrained effort choice. Therefore, the behavioral treatment intensity of interest is the incremental effort necessary to comply with the requirement. Using novel Swiss register data, we measure this intensity as the difference between the individual requirement threshold and the search effort provided just before requirement imposition. Our econometric approach exploits that - conditional on a broad set of choice fixed effects - the match between the job seeker's unconstrained effort choice and the caseworker's requirement setting behavior is arbitrary. Therefore, it provides exogenous variation in the treatment assignment. We find that binding search requirements that exceed the job seeker's unconstrained effort choice, increase job finding in a substantial way. These effects are highly heterogeneous with respect to the job seeker's characteristics. They come at the cost of increased non-compliance and sanction imposition rates. Moreover, binding requirements have striking negative effects on job stability. Finally, we find that non-binding requirements can also affect search outcomes. This suggests that requirements can operate as signals, thereby generating behavioral effects that are not predicted by standard job search theory." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious employment and bargaining power: results of a factorial survey analysis (2015)
Zitatform
Auspurg, Katrin & Stefanie Gundert (2015): Precarious employment and bargaining power. Results of a factorial survey analysis. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 99-117., 2014-10-13.
Abstract
"Welche Rolle spielt die Verhandlungsmacht von Arbeitnehmern für ihre Bereitschaft, befristete Arbeitsverträge zu akzeptieren? In welchem Ausmaß ist ihre Konzessionsbereitschaft durch individuelle Merkmale oder Kontextfaktoren beeinflusst, welche die Verhandlungsmacht gegenüber Arbeitgebern bestimmen? In einem faktoriellen Survey-Modul wurden im Panel 'Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung' (PASS) im Jahr 2011 etwa 3.700 Erwerbspersonen in Deutschland zu ihrer Annahmebereitschaft hinsichtlich fiktiver Jobangebote (Vignetten) befragt, die in Merkmalen wie der Beschäftigungsdauer experimentell variiert wurden. Erwartungsgemäß reduziert eine gute Verhandlungsposition (z.B. in Form von ökonomischen Ressourcen oder einer starken Arbeitsmarktintegration) die Konzessionsbereitschaft im Hinblick auf Beschäftigungssicherheit. Der Vorteil einer solchen Position zeigt sich zudem in höheren finanziellen Kompensationen bei der Annahme befristeter Verträge. Dabei finden sich Variationen nach familiärem Hintergrund und Geschlecht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Providing advice to job seekers at low cost: an experimental study on on-line advice (2015)
Belot, Michele; Kircher, Philipp; Muller, Paul;Zitatform
Belot, Michele, Philipp Kircher & Paul Muller (2015): Providing advice to job seekers at low cost. An experimental study on on-line advice. (CESifo working paper 5641), München, 69 S.
Abstract
"Helping job seekers to identify suitable jobs is a key challenge for policy makers. We develop and evaluate experimentally a novel tool that provides tailored advice at low cost and thereby redesigns the process through which job seekers search for jobs. We invited 300 job seekers to our computer facilities for 12 consecutive weekly sessions. They searched for real jobs using our web interface. After 3 weeks, we introduced a manipulation of the interface for half of the sample: instead of relying on their own search criteria, we displayed relevant other occupations to them and the jobs that were available in these occupations. These suggestions were based on background information and readily available labor market data. We recorded search behavior on our site but also surveyed participants every week on their other search activities, applications and job interviews. We find that these suggestions broaden the set of jobs considered by the average participant. More importantly, we find that they are invited to significantly more job interviews. These effects are predominantly driven by job seekers who searched relatively narrowly initially and who have been unemployed for a few months." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A theory of dual job search and sex-based occupational clustering (2015)
Zitatform
Benson, Alan (2015): A theory of dual job search and sex-based occupational clustering. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 54, H. 3, S. 367-400. DOI:10.1111/irel.12095
Abstract
"This paper theorizes and provides evidence for the segregation of men into clustered occupations and women into dispersed occupations in advance of marriage and in anticipation of future colocation problems. Using the Decennial Census, and controlling for occupational characteristics, I find evidence of this general pattern of segregation, and also find that the minority of the highly educated men and women who depart from this equilibrium experience delayed marriage, higher divorce, and lower earnings. Results are consistent with the theory that marriage and mobility expectations foment a self-fulfilling pattern of occupational segregation with individual departures deterred by earnings and marriage penalties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktsituation von Aufstockern: Vor allem Minijobber suchen nach einer anderen Arbeit (2015)
Zitatform
Bruckmeier, Kerstin, Johannes Eggs, Carina Sperber, Mark Trappmann & Ulrich Walwei (2015): Arbeitsmarktsituation von Aufstockern: Vor allem Minijobber suchen nach einer anderen Arbeit. (IAB-Kurzbericht 19/2015), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Die positive Beschäftigungsentwicklung in Deutschland hält an und der Arbeitsmarkt ist in einer guten Grundverfassung. Dennoch ist die Zahl der Menschen, die gleichzeitig Leistungen der Grundsicherung und ein Erwerbseinkommen erhalten, in den letzten Jahren nahezu unverändert geblieben. Diese erwerbstätigen Arbeitslosengeld-II-Bezieher, die sogenannten Aufstocker, stehen im besonderen Fokus von Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik. Die Haushaltsbefragung 'Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung' zeigt für das Jahr 2013, dass die Tätigkeiten von Aufstockern oft durch eine geringe Stundenzahl und/oder geringe Stundenlöhne gekennzeichnet sind. Ihre Beschäftigungssituation könnte sich verbessern, wenn sie nach einer anderen oder weiteren Tätigkeit suchen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Job search, locus of control, and internal migration (2015)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Juliane Hennecke & Arne Uhlendorff (2015): Job search, locus of control, and internal migration. (IZA discussion paper 9600), Bonn, 42 S.
Abstract
"Internal migration can substantially improve labor market efficiency. Consequently, policy is often targeted towards reducing the barriers workers face in moving to new labor markets. In this paper we explicitly model internal migration as the result of a job search process and demonstrate that assumptions about the timing of job search have fundamental implications for the pattern of internal migration that results. Unlike standard search models, we assume that job seekers do not know the true job offer arrival rate, but instead form subjective beliefs - related to their locus of control - about the impact of their search effort on the probability of receiving a job offer. Those with an internal locus of control are predicted to search more intensively (i.e. across larger geographic areas) because they expect higher returns to their search effort. However, they are predicted to migrate more frequently only if job search occurs before migration. We then test the empirical implications of this model. We find that individuals with an internal locus of control not only express a greater willingness to move, but also undertake internal migration more frequently." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Home-ownership, unemployed's job search behavior and post-unemployment outcomes (2015)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Anne C. Gielen & Robert Mahlstedt (2015): Home-ownership, unemployed's job search behavior and post-unemployment outcomes. (IZA discussion paper 8972), Bonn, 15 S.
Abstract
"Although home-ownership has been shown to restrict geographic labor mobility and to affect job search behavior of unemployed, there is no evidence so far on how it affects their future re-employment outcomes. We use two waves of detailed German survey data of newly unemployed individuals to study the effect of home-ownership on the job search behavior of unemployed and their re-employment outcomes. We show that unemployed who own a home are less willing to move and also less likely to apply for jobs for which one would have to move. However, we do not find any evidence for compensations of their restricted mobility by more intensive (more search channels or applications) or different (more active or informal) search behavior. Furthermore, we find that home-ownership does not seem to harm the employment prospects of the unemployed. Although the re-employment probability in the short-run is slightly lower, we find that after one year home-owning unemployed have found better re-employment jobs, in terms of wages and job satisfaction, than their renting counterparts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Locus of control and job search strategies (2015)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Arne Uhlendorff (2015): Locus of control and job search strategies. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 97, H. 1, S. 71-87. DOI:10.1162/REST_a_00459
Abstract
"Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. In this paper, we present an alternative model which assumes instead that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of his or her search effort on the rate at which job offers arrive. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control, i.e., the extent to which a person believes that future outcomes are determined by his or her own actions as opposed to external factors. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a novel panel data set of newly-unemployed individuals in Germany. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Job seekers' search intensity and wage flexibility: does age matter? (2015)
De Coen, An; De Cuyper, Nele; Forrier, Anneleen; Sels, Luc;Zitatform
De Coen, An, Anneleen Forrier, Nele De Cuyper & Luc Sels (2015): Job seekers' search intensity and wage flexibility. Does age matter? In: Ageing and Society, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 346-366. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X13000731
Abstract
"Although studies on job search implicitly presume that relationships between antecedents and indicators of job search are similar for job seekers from different ages, few studies have tested this assumption even though lifespan theories state that individual motives and behaviour significantly change as people age. From this theoretical perspective, we examine how age moderates the relationships between re-employment efficacy, employment commitment and financial hardship, on the one hand, and job search intensity and wage flexibility, on the other hand. Path analysis on a sample of 240 Belgian job seekers who were at the start of an outplacement programme showed that re-employment efficacy relates positively to job search intensity and wage flexibility for older job seekers, while we find negative relationships for younger job seekers. For employment commitment and financial hardship, we do not find any interaction effects with age. Employment commitment relates positively to search intensity, whereas financial hardship relates negatively to wage flexibility, irrespective of age. We discuss implications for theory, practice and future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search intention, theory of planned behavior, personality and job search experience (2015)
Fort, Isabelle; Pacaud, Catherine; Gilles, Pierre-Yves;Zitatform
Fort, Isabelle, Catherine Pacaud & Pierre-Yves Gilles (2015): Job search intention, theory of planned behavior, personality and job search experience. In: International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Jg. 15, H. 1, S. 57-74. DOI:10.1007/s10775-014-9281-3
Abstract
"Diese Studie beabsichtigte nicht nur die Beziehungen zwischen Variablen der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens und der Absicht zur Jobsuche innerhalb einer französischen Stichprobe zu bestätigen, sondern auch moderierende Effekte für diese Beziehungen durch Erfahrungen bezüglich der Jobsuche und durch zwei Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (Extraversion und Gewissenhaftigkeit) zu überprüfen. 154 Teilnehmer beurteilten die relevanten Konzepte auf einer Reihe von mehreren Skalen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Variablen der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens signifikant im Zusammenhang mit der Absicht zur Jobsuche stehen, und dass Extraversion sowie Gewissenhaftigkeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Einstellungen und der Absicht zur Jobsuche moderieren. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug zu bisheriger Forschung und praktischen Implikationen diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do geographical mobility requirements for the unemployed affect their exit rate to work?: evidence from a policy change (2015)
Hofmann, Barbara;Zitatform
Hofmann, Barbara (2015): Do geographical mobility requirements for the unemployed affect their exit rate to work? Evidence from a policy change. In: ILR review, Jg. 68, H. 5, S. 1195-1219., 2014-11-05. DOI:10.1177/0019793915592376
Abstract
"A policy change tightened job search requirements regarding geographical mobility for unemployment insurance - benefit recipients in Germany. Those affected by the policy change were individuals without family ties and whose reemployment prospects were low in their home labor market region. The author finds that the policy change increased employment after one year by 4.6 percentage points among women without children who lived in regions with relatively high unemployment. Women responded by taking up jobs in the home labor market region as well as outside the home labor market region. The author does not find any effects of the tightened mobility requirements for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pflegende in Arbeitslosengeld-II-Haushalten: Wie Leistungsbezieher Pflege und Arbeitsuche vereinbaren (2015)
Hohmeyer, Katrin; Kopf, Eva;Zitatform
Hohmeyer, Katrin & Eva Kopf (2015): Pflegende in Arbeitslosengeld-II-Haushalten: Wie Leistungsbezieher Pflege und Arbeitsuche vereinbaren. (IAB-Kurzbericht 05/2015), Nürnberg, 7 S.
Abstract
"Die Zahl der Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland steigt. Viele Menschen pflegen Angehörige und müssen dies mit ihrer Erwerbstätigkeit vereinbaren. Auch Arbeitslosengeld-II-Bezieher, die ihre Angehörigen pflegen, stehen im Spannungsfeld zwischen der Pflegearbeit und ihrer Pflicht zur Arbeitsuche. Mithilfe von Befragungsdaten des Panels 'Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung' aus dem Zeitraum 2006 bis 2012 untersuchen wir die Situation von pflegenden Leistungsbeziehern sowie deren Kontakt zu ihrem Jobcenter." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Hohmeyer, Katrin;Weiterführende Informationen
- Gründe, warum Leistungsbezieher nicht zur Arbeitsuche verpflichtet sind
- Persönliche Erfahrung der Arbeitslosengeld-II-Bezieher mit ihrem Jobcenter
- Pflegetätigkeiten von Personen ohne Arbeitslosengeld-II-Bezug und Merkmale von Pflegenden und Nichtpflegenden ohne Arbeitlosengeld-II-Bezug
- Unterstützung durch das Jobcenter bei der Suche nach Pflegepersonal
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Literaturhinweis
Efficient firm dynamics in a frictional labor market (2015)
Kaas, Leo; Kircher, Philipp;Zitatform
Kaas, Leo & Philipp Kircher (2015): Efficient firm dynamics in a frictional labor market. In: The American economic review, Jg. 105, H. 10, S. 3030-3060. DOI:10.1257/aer.20131702
Abstract
"We develop and analyze a labor market model in which heterogeneous firms operate under decreasing returns and compete for labor by posting long-term contracts. Firms achieve faster growth by offering higher lifetime wages, which allows them to fill vacancies with higher probability, consistent with recent empirical findings. The model also captures several other regularities about firm size, job flows, and pay, and generates sluggish aggregate dynamics of labor market variables. In contrast to existing bargaining models with large firms, efficiency obtains and the model allows a tractable characterization over the business cycle." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who are the unemployed?: evidence from the United Kingdom (2015)
Moffat, John; Yoo, Hong Il;Zitatform
Moffat, John & Hong Il Yoo (2015): Who are the unemployed? Evidence from the United Kingdom. In: Economics letters, Jg. 132, H. July, S. 61-64. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.04.017
Abstract
"Using the UK Labour Force Survey 2005 - 2012, we analyse heterogeneity among non-employment subgroups in future employment hazards. Based on the results, we propose alternative measures of unemployment that include out-of-the-labour-force subgroups with similar or higher hazards to the officially unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does extending unemployment benefits improve job quality? (2015)
Nekoei, Arash; Weber, Andrea;Zitatform
Nekoei, Arash & Andrea Weber (2015): Does extending unemployment benefits improve job quality? (IZA discussion paper 9034), Bonn, 41 S.
Abstract
"Contrary to standard search model predictions, prior studies failed to estimate a positive effect of unemployment insurance (UI) on reemployment wages. This paper estimates a positive UI wage effect exploiting an age-based regression discontinuity in Austrian administrative data. A search model incorporating duration dependence determines the UI wage effect as the balance between two offsetting forces: UI causes agents to seek higher wage jobs, but also reduces wages by lengthening unemployment. This implies a negative relationship between the UI unemployment duration and wage effects, which holds empirically both in our sample and across studies, reconciling disparate wage-effect estimates. Empirically, UI raises wages by improving reemployment firms' quality and attenuating wage drops." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
For love or money? Gender differences in how one approaches getting a job (2015)
Ng, Weiyi; Leung, Ming D.;Zitatform
Ng, Weiyi & Ming D. Leung (2015): For love or money? Gender differences in how one approaches getting a job. (IRLE working paper 2015-103), Berkeley, CA, 45 S.
Abstract
"Extant supply-side labor market theories conclude that women and men apply to different jobs but are unable to explain gender differences in how they may behave when applying to the same job. We correct this discrepancy by considering gendered approaches to the hiring process. We propose that applicants can emphasize either the relational or the transactional aspects of the job and that this affects whether they are hired. Relational job seekers focus on developing a social connection with their employer. In contrast, transactional job seekers focus on quantitative and mechanical aspects of the job. We expect women to be more relational and men to be more transactional and that this behavior will contribute to differences in hiring outcomes. Specifically, we contend that being relational suggest that one is more committed to the job at hand and therefore should increases the chances of being hired - holding constant competence. We examine behaviors in an online contract labor market for graphic designers, Elance.com where we find that women are more likely to be hired than men by about 4.1%. Quantitative linguistic analysis on the unstructured text of job proposals reveals that women (men) adopt more relational (transactional) language in their applications. These different approaches affect a job seeker's likelihood of being hired and attenuate the gender gap we identified. Attenuation suggests that how one approaches the hiring process matters and that gender is correlated with a particular style of engagement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search self-efficacy: Reconceptualizing the construct and its measurement (2015)
Zitatform
Saks, Alan M., Jelena Zikic & Jessie Koen (2015): Job search self-efficacy: Reconceptualizing the construct and its measurement. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 86, H. February, S. 104-114. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.007
Abstract
"Job search self-efficacy (JSSE) is one of the most studied variables in the job search literature and an important component of the theory of planned behavior and self-regulation theory which have both been used to explain the job search process. However, even though JSSE has been a part of job search research for thirty years, the measurement of JSSE has varied from study to study. This questions both the validity of the measures used and the findings from each study that used a different measure. In this paper, we propose and test a two dimensional measure of JSSE that corresponds to job search behavior (JSSE-B) and job search outcomes (JSSE-O). The results of a longitudinal study of employed and unemployed job seekers support a two-factor model corresponding to the two dimensions of JSSE. We also found differential relationships between each dimension of JSSE and several antecedents and consequences. Among the antecedents, environmental exploration and self-exploration were stronger predictors of JSSE-B while career planning was a stronger predictor of JSSE-O. In terms of consequences, JSSE-B was a stronger predictor of job search intention and behavior while JSSE-O was a stronger predictor of the number of job offers received. These findings provide support for two dimensions of JSSE and have important implications for job search research and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Anspruchslöhne: immer noch Unterschiede zwischen Ost und West (2015)
Zitatform
Weber, Christoph S. & Philipp Dees (2015): Anspruchslöhne. Immer noch Unterschiede zwischen Ost und West. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 68, H. 8, S. 593-603. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2015-8-593
Abstract
"Fast 25 Jahren nach der Wiedervereinigung gibt es weiterhin einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Löhnen, die West- und Ostdeutsche mindestens erwarten, um eine offene Stelle anzunehmen. D.h. es gibt nicht nur ein nach wie vor bestehendes Lohngefälle zwischen West- und Ostdeutschland, sondern auch die Anspruchslöhne sind im Osten geringer. Dieser Unterschied besteht, wie die vorgelegte Analyse zeigt, auch dann noch, wenn für eine Vielzahl von Einflussfaktoren auf die Lohnerwartung, wie bspw. die sektorale und qualifikatorische Zusammensetzung oder das Mietpreisniveau, kontrolliert werden. Diese Befunde verweisen darauf, dass das bestehende niedrigere Lohnniveau in Ostdeutschland auch die Anspruchslöhne absenkt und damit die Lohnlücke zementiert. Mit Blick auf die politisch und gesellschaftlich gewünschte Angleichung der Löhne zwischen Ost und West stellt dies eine Herausforderung dar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)