matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Assortative matching with large firms (2018)
Eeckhout, Jan; Kircher, Philipp;Zitatform
Eeckhout, Jan & Philipp Kircher (2018): Assortative matching with large firms. In: Econometrica, Jg. 86, H. 1, S. 85-132. DOI:10.3982/ECTA14450
Abstract
"Two cornerstones of empirical and policy analysis of firms, in macro, labor and industrial organization, are the determinants of the firm size distribution and the determinants of sorting between workers and firms. We propose a unifying theory of production where management resolves a tradeoff between hiring more versus better workers. The span of control or size is therefore intimately intertwined with the sorting pattern. We provide a condition for sorting that captures this tradeoff between the quantity and quality of workers and that generalizes Becker's sorting condition. A system of differential equations determines the equilibrium allocation, the firm size, and wages, and allows us to characterize the allocation of the quality and quantity of labor to firms of different productivity. We show that our model nests a large number of widely used existing models. We also augment the model to incorporate labor market frictions in the presence of sorting with large firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour (2018)
Ehrenfried, Felix; Holzner, Christian;Zitatform
Ehrenfried, Felix & Christian Holzner (2018): Dynamics and endogeneity of firms' recruitment behaviour. (CESifo working paper 7283), München, 51 S.
Abstract
"Models of random search, directed search, or stock-ow matching differ substantially in the way they assume that job seekers and firms behave during the recruitment process. In this paper we identify new patterns about the recruitment behaviour of firms using the entropy balancing technique and argue that stock-flow matching models - if suitably amended by a timeconsuming screening technology - are best able to explain why the vacancy-filling hazard is increasing during the planned search period and decreases thereafter, why most applicants arrive early in the recruitment process, and why the willingness to pay higher wages or to hire less qualified or experienced applicants increases for firms, which have been unlucky and unable to hire until the intended starting date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage (2018)
Zitatform
Faberman, R. Jason & Guido Menzio (2018): Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 67-79. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.01.003
Abstract
"Using data from the Employment Opportunity Pilot Project, we examine the relationship between the starting wage paid to the worker filling a vacancy, the number of applications attracted by the vacancy, the number of candidates interviewed for the vacancy, and the duration of the vacancy. We find that the wage is positively related to the duration of a vacancy and negatively related to the number of applications and interviews per week. We show that these surprising findings are consistent with a view of the labor market in which firms post wages and workers direct their search based on these wages if workers and jobs are heterogeneous and the interaction between the worker's type and the job's type in production satisfies some rather natural assumptions." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration (2018)
Zitatform
Fernández-Blanco, Javier & Edgar Preugschat (2018): On the effects of ranking by unemployment duration. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 104, H. May, S. 92-110. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.02.003
Abstract
"We propose a theory based on the firm's hiring behavior that rationalizes the observed significant decline of callback rates for an interview and exit rates from unemployment and the mild decline of reemployment wages over unemployment duration. We build a directed search model with symmetric incomplete information on worker types and non-sequential search by firms. Sorting due to firms' testing of applicants in the past makes expected productivity fall with duration, which induces firms to rank applicants by duration. In equilibrium callback and exit rates both fall with unemployment duration. In our numerical exercise using U.S. data we show that our model can replicate quite well the observed falling patterns, with the firm's ranking decision accounting for a sizable part." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Household search or individual search: does it matter? (2018)
Zitatform
Flabbi, Luca & James Mabli (2018): Household search or individual search: does it matter? In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1086/693864
Abstract
"Most labor market search models ignore the fact that decisions are often made at the household level. We fill this gap by developing and estimating a household search model with on-the-job search and labor supply. We find that ignoring the household as a decision-making unit has relevant empirical consequences. In estimation, the individual search model implies gender wage offer differentials almost twice as large as the household search model. In the application, the individual search model implies female lifetime inequality 30% lower than the household search model. Labor market policy effects on lifetime inequality are also sensitive to the specification." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms (2018)
Zitatform
Gehrke, Britta & Enzo Weber (2018): Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 110, H. November, S. 18-40., 2018-07-17. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.07.006
Abstract
"This paper proposes a novel approach to identify structural long-term driving forces of the labor market and their short-run state-dependent effects. Based on search and matching theory, our empirical model extracts these driving forces within an unobserved components approach. We relate changes in the labor market structures to reforms that enhance the flexibility of the labor market in expansion and recession. Results for Germany and Spain show that labor market reforms have substantially weaker beneficial effects in the short run when implemented in recessions. From a policy perspective, these results highlight the costs of introducing reforms in recessions." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time-varying job creation and macroeconomic shocks (2018)
Zitatform
Guglielminetti, Elisa & Meradj Pouraghdam (2018): Time-varying job creation and macroeconomic shocks. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 156-179. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.09.008
Abstract
"In this paper we investigate the time-varying properties of job creation in the United States in connection to the macro-economy. We address this issue through a time-varying parameter VAR (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility. We identify four structural shocks by combining zero long-run restrictions and short-run sign restrictions based on a NK-DSGE model with frictional labor markets. Our main findings are as follows. First, at business cycle frequencies for most part of the sample the lion share of the volatility of job creation is explained by non-technology shocks; this challenges the conventional practice of addressing the labor market volatility puzzle (Shimer, 2005) under the assumption that technology shocks are the main driver of fluctuations in hiring. Second, permanent supply shocks had a negative impact on job creation during the Great Inflation period - a result reminiscent of the 'hours puzzle' (Galí, 1999). We show that the main candidate in explaining such structural change is the more passive conduct of monetary policy at that time. It follows that the results derived from partial equilibrium models of the labor market, which imply a rise in hiring as technology improves, neglect important transmission channels and may be misleading." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The cyclicality of labor-market flows: a multiple-shock approach (2018)
Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Zhutova, Anastasia;Zitatform
Hairault, Jean-Olivier & Anastasia Zhutova (2018): The cyclicality of labor-market flows. A multiple-shock approach. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 103, H. April, S. 150-172. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.01.008
Abstract
"In this paper, we aim to establish some stylized facts about the relative contributions of the job-finding and separation rates to unemployment dynamics depending on the nature of structural shocks. The shocks in our Bayesian Structural VAR model are identified using a sign-restriction approach, and capture shifts in the three conditions determining labor-market equilibrium in matching models: the Beveridge curve, and the job-creation and job-destruction conditions. Using both US and French data, we identify an aggregate shock to match profitability (the aggregate-profitability shock), a shock specific to existing jobs (the reallocation shock) and a shock to the efficiency of the matching process (the matching-efficiency shock). We find that the relative contributions of the job finding and separation rates are notably different across shocks in both countries, but are similar across countries for each type of shock. Labor market dynamics appear to be Transatlantic despite well-known institutional differences. However, it must be emphasized that the reaction of the labor market variables to the matching-efficiency shock seems more muted in the US than in France." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 8558 -
Literaturhinweis
Wage dispersion and search behavior : The importance of nonwage job values (2018)
Zitatform
Hall, Robert E. & Andreas I. Mueller (2018): Wage dispersion and search behavior : The importance of nonwage job values. In: Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 126, H. 4, S. 1594-1637. DOI:10.1086/697739
Abstract
"We use a rich new body of data on the experiences of unemployed job seekers to determine the sources of wage dispersion and to create a search model consistent with the acceptance decisions the job seekers made. We identify the distributions of four key variables: offered wages, offered nonwage job values, job seekers' nonwork alternatives, and job seekers' personal productivities. We find that, conditional on personal productivity, the standard deviation of offered log wages is moderate, at 0.24, whereas the dispersion of the offered nonwage component is substantially larger, at 0.34. The resulting dispersion of offered job values is 0.38." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Discretion in hiring (2018)
Zitatform
Hoffman, Mitchell, Lisa B. Kahn & Danielle Li (2018): Discretion in hiring. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 133, H. 2, S. 765-800. DOI:10.1093/qje/qjx042
Abstract
"Job-testing technologies enable firms to rely less on human judgment when making hiring decisions. Placing more weight on test scores may improve hiring decisions by reducing the influence of human bias or mistakes but may also lead firms to forgo the potentially valuable private information of their managers. We study the introduction of job testing across 15 firms employing low-skilled service sector workers. When faced with similar applicant pools, we find that managers who appear to hire against test recommendations end up with worse average hires. This suggests that managers often overrule test recommendations because they are biased or mistaken, not only because they have superior private information." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 21709 -
Literaturhinweis
Social network formation and labor market inequality (2018)
Horvath, Gergely; Zhang, Rui;Zitatform
Horvath, Gergely & Rui Zhang (2018): Social network formation and labor market inequality. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 166, H. May, S. 45-49. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2018.01.026
Abstract
"We study how differences in interpersonal skills lead to inequality among workers when social connections are endogenously formed and workers find jobs through their contacts. We show that the equilibrium network structure is very unequal in terms of links and access to jobs. The equilibrium network is not socially optimal because workers impose negative externality on each other by forming more links. The degree of inequality is larger in the equilibrium than what would be socially optimal. In the equilibrium, high-skilled individuals overinvest in networking while low-skilled individuals underinvest, which enlarges the impact of differences in interpersonal skills. The degree of inequality is largest when job availability is moderate." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Oxford Handbook of job loss and job search (2018)
Zitatform
Klehe, Ute-Christine & Edwin A. J. van Hooft (Hrsg.) (2018): The Oxford Handbook of job loss and job search. (Oxford Library of psychology), New York: Oxford University Press, 615 S.
Abstract
"Job search is and always has been an integral part of people's working lives. Whether one is brand new to the labor market or considered a mature, experienced worker, job seekers are regularly met with new challenges in a variety of organizational settings. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin A.J. van Hooft, The Oxford Handbook of Job Loss and Job Search provides readers with one of the first comprehensive overviews of the latest research and empirical knowledge in the areas of job loss and job search.
Multidisciplinary in nature, Klehe, van Hooft, and their contributing authors offer fascinating insight into the diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives from which job loss and job search have been studied, such as psychology, sociology, labor studies, and economics. Discussing the antecedents and consequences of job loss, as well as outside circumstances that may necessitate a more rigorous job hunt, this Handbook presents in-depth and up-to-date knowledge on the methods and processes of this important time in one's life. Further, it examines the unique circumstances faced by different populations during their job search, such as those working job-to-job, the unemployed, mature job seekers, international job seekers, and temporary employed workers.
Job loss and unemployment are among the worst stressors individuals can encounter during their lifetimes. As a result, this Handbook concludes with a discussion of the various types of interventions developed to aid the unemployed. Further, it offers readers important insights and identifies best practices for both scholars and practitioners working in the areas of job loss, unemployment, career transitions, outplacement, and job search." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie das Inhaltsverzeichnis. -
Literaturhinweis
The role of fit theories in job analysis (2018)
Korulczyk, Tomasz; Korulczyk, Natalia;Zitatform
Korulczyk, Tomasz & Natalia Korulczyk (2018): The role of fit theories in job analysis. In: A. Biela (Hrsg.) (2018): European Questionnaire for Job Analysis (EQJA) : Theoretical and methodological bases (Polish studies in economics, 12), S. 65-85.
Abstract
"The following work frames fit theory for job analysis. It presents various theoretical backgrounds of the fit theory, definitions, and types of fit along their coherent classification and the dynamic nature of the concepts. Finally, the text considers the use of EQIA in determining the level of various types of fit." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment protection and unemployment benefits: on technology adoption and job creation in a matching model (2018)
Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Vagstad, Steinar; Straume, Odd Rune;Zitatform
Lommerud, Kjell Erik, Odd Rune Straume & Steinar Vagstad (2018): Employment protection and unemployment benefits. On technology adoption and job creation in a matching model. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 3, S. 763-793. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12244
Abstract
"We analyse the effects of different labour-market policies (employment protection, unemployment benefits, and payroll taxes) on job creation and technology choices in a model where firms are matched with workers of different productivity and wages are determined by ex post bargaining. The model is characterized by two intertwined sources of inefficiency, namely a matching externality and a hold-up externality associated with the bargaining strength of workers. The results depend on the relative importance of the two externalities and on worker risk aversion. 'Flexicurity', meaning low employment protection and generous unemployment insurance, can be optimal if workers are sufficiently risk-averse and the hold-up problem is relatively important." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Long-term effects of job-search assistance: experimental evidence using administrative tax data (2018)
Manoli, Dayanand S.; Patel, Ankur; Michaelides, Marios;Zitatform
Manoli, Dayanand S., Marios Michaelides & Ankur Patel (2018): Long-term effects of job-search assistance. Experimental evidence using administrative tax data. (NBER working paper 24422), Cambrige, Mass., 49 S. DOI:10.3386/w24422
Abstract
"This paper uses administrative tax data to examine the long-term effects of an experimental job-search assistance program operating in Nevada in 2009. The program required randomly-selected unemployed workers who had just started collecting unemployment insurance (UI) benefits to undergo an eligibility review and receive personalized job-counseling services. The program led to substantial short-term reductions in UI receipt, and to persistent, long-term increases in employment and earnings. The program also affected participants' family outcomes, including total income, tax filing, tax liability, and home ownership. These findings show that job-search assistance programs may produce substantial long-term effects for participants and their families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mismatch unemployment and the geography of job search (2018)
Zitatform
Marinescu, Ioana & Roland Rathelot (2018): Mismatch unemployment and the geography of job search. In: American Economic Journal. Macroeconomics, Jg. 10, H. 3, S. 42-70. DOI:10.1257/mac.20160312
Abstract
"Could we significantly reduce US unemployment by helping job seekers move closer to jobs? Using data from the leading employment board CareerBuilder.com, we show that, indeed, workers dislike applying to distant jobs: job seekers are 35 percent less likely to apply to a job 10 miles (mi.) away from their zip code of residence. However, because job seekers are close enough to vacancies on average, this distaste for distance is fairly inconsequential: our search and matching model predicts that relocating job seekers to minimize unemployment would decrease unemployment by only 5.3 percent. Geographic mismatch is thus a minor driver of aggregate unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 22672 -
Literaturhinweis
Unemployment volatility in a behavioural search model (2018)
Martin, Chris; Wang, Bingsong;Zitatform
Martin, Chris & Bingsong Wang (2018): Unemployment volatility in a behavioural search model. (Warwick economic research paper 1179), Coventry, 24 S.
Abstract
"Recent evidence that the opportunity cost of employment is pro cyclical implies that existing models based around search frictions in the labour market cannot match the large volatilities of unemployment and vacancies observed in the data. In this paper, we incorporate insights from behavioural economics into the search frictions framework. The resultant model can match observed volatilities even if the opportunity cost is strongly pro cyclical. The key mechanism in the model is that the pro-cyclicality of the opportunity cost has a limited impact on the reference wage of workers; this feeds through into a limited volatility of the wage and so to a large unemployment volatility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor mismatches: Effects on wages and on job satisfaction in 17 OECD countries (2018)
Mateos-Romero, Lucía; del Mar Salinas-Jiménez, María;Zitatform
Mateos-Romero, Lucía & María del Mar Salinas-Jiménez (2018): Labor mismatches: Effects on wages and on job satisfaction in 17 OECD countries. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 140, H. 1, S. 369-391. DOI:10.1007/s11205-017-1830-y
Abstract
"This study analyzes the effects of labor mismatches on wages and on job satisfaction in seventeen OECD countries by distinguishing between educational mismatch and skills mismatch. Using data from PIAAC, the results suggest that whereas educational mismatch shows greater effects on wages, the effects of labor mismatch on job satisfaction are generally better explained by skills mismatches. Both phenomena appear to be relevant for understanding the economic effects of labor mismatch and suggest that educational mismatch is not an accurate proxy for skills mismatch, mainly when the non-monetary effects of labor mismatch are addressed." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Short-time work subsidies in a matching model (2018)
Meier, Volker;Zitatform
Meier, Volker (2018): Short-time work subsidies in a matching model. (CESifo working paper 7281), München, 35 S.
Abstract
"We consider positive and normative aspects of subsidizing work arrangements where subsidies are paid in time of low demand and reduced working hours so as to stabilize workers' income. In a matching framework such an arrangement increases labor demand. Tightening eligibility to short-time work benefits tends to reduce the wage while the impact on unemployment remains ambiguous. We develop a modified Hosios condition characterizing an efficient combination of labor market tightness and short-time benefit loss rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Education outcomes and the labor market (2018)
Zitatform
Obiols-Homs, F. & V. Sánchez-Marcos (2018): Education outcomes and the labor market. In: Labour economics, Jg. 54, H. October, S. 14-28. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2018.06.001
Abstract
"The quality of education appears to be negatively correlated with both the overeducation of workers at the tasks they perform and the unemployment rate across EU-15 countries, and positively correlated with the wage premium associated to tertiary education. We develop a model of the labor market with frictions to quantitatively investigate the impact of the education outcomes on the labor market. We show that both the ability of educated and non educated workers have sizable effects on the incentives of firms regarding the type of vacancies they open and also regarding the incentives of educated workers as of where to search for a job. Therefore education outcomes are relevant to understand the overeducation phenomena observed in the labor market. According to our quantitative analysis had the quality of education observed in Spain been similar to the European average then the overeducation rate would have been between 5 and 10 percentage points lower and the unemployment rate of the two types of workers would be reduced by 40%, but the tertiary education wage premium would be slightly smaller than in the benchmark economy." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Essays on unemployment, job search behavior and policy interventions (2018)
Pohlan, Laura ; Nolte, André; Blömer, Maximilian; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Bergemann, Annette; Berg, Gerard J. van den; Stichnoth, Holger; Uhlendorff, Arne;Zitatform
Pohlan, Laura, André Nolte, Maximilian Blömer, Nicole Gürtzgen, Annette Bergemann, Gerard J. van den Berg, Holger Stichnoth & Arne Uhlendorff (2018): Essays on unemployment, job search behavior and policy interventions. Mannheim, XIV, 235 S.
Abstract
"This dissertation explores through which channels unemployment leads to exclusion from society and how policy interventions and technological innovations affect individual job search behavior and are able to bring unemployed persons back into the labor market. All four chapters contained in this dissertation are based on large individual-level data sets from Germany and aim at identifying causal relationships by employing different empirical methods. This thesis starts in the first chapter with an analysis of how job loss impacts different dimensions of social exclusion and shows that unemployment has detrimental economic and social effects. In the second chapter, which is co-authored by Annette Bergemann and Arne Uhlendorff, we study employment effects of participation in job creation schemes in the years after German reunification. We find that participation in job creation programs is beneficial for high skilled women in times of economic instability. In the third chapter, my co-authors Maximilian Blömer, Nicole Gürtzgen, Holger Stichnoth, Gerard van den Berg and I estimate an equilibrium job search model and simulate the introduction of different minimum wage levels. The results indicate that minimum wage effects on unemployment are non-linear and highly dependent on the labor market structure. In the last chapter, which is co-authored by Nicole Gürtzgen, André Nolte and Gerard van den Berg, we find that high-speed internet leads to higher reemployment probabilities with a certain time delay. This effect is particularly pronounced for unemployed males." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers: Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters (2018)
Zitatform
Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf, Robin Samuel & Stefan Sacchi (2018): How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers. Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0239-7
Abstract
"We ask how employers contribute to unemployment scarring in the recruitment process in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. By drawing on recruitment theories, we aim to better understand how recruiters assess different patterns of unemployment in a job candidate's CV and how this affects the chances of young applicants being considered for a vacancy. We argue that in contexts with tight school-work linkage and highly standardised Vocational Education and Training systems, the detrimental effect of early unemployment depends on how well the applicant's profile matches the requirements of the advertised position. To test this assumption, we surveyed Swiss recruiters who were seeking to fill positions during the time of data collection. We employed a factorial survey experiment that tested how the (un)employment trajectories in hypothetical young job applicants' CV affected their chances of being considered for a real vacancy. Our results show that unemployment decreases the perceived suitability of an applicant for a specific job, which implies there is a scarring effect of unemployment that increases with the duration of being unemployed. But we also found that these effects are moderated by how well the applicant's profile matches the job's requirements. Overall, the worse the match between applicant's profile and the job profile, the smaller are the scarring effects of unemployment. In sum, our findings contribute to the literature by revealing considerable heterogeneity in the scarring effects of unemployment. Our findings further suggest that the scarring effects of unemployment need to be studied with regard to country-specific institutional settings, the applicants' previous education and employment experiences, and the job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work as foraging: a smartphone study of job search and employment after prison (2018)
Sugie, Naomi F.;Zitatform
Sugie, Naomi F. (2018): Work as foraging: a smartphone study of job search and employment after prison. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 123, H. 5, S. 1453-1491. DOI:10.1086/696209
Abstract
"The past several decades have seen a decline in employment rates and labor force participation, particularly among low-skilled, minority men living in poor areas. As low-skill jobs disappear from poor places, how do marginalized job seekers navigate this landscape? Using over 8,000 daily measures of search and work collected from smartphones distributed to 133 men recently released from prison, this article presents the concept of work as foraging, where people work a variety of extremely precarious opportunities that span across job types. Sequence analysis methods describe distinct patterns of search and work that unfold over time, where most people cease their search efforts after the first month and maintain a state of very irregular and varied work. Although there is substantial heterogeneity in patterns, foraging is a common strategy of survival work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labour market policies in Germany: do regional labour markets benefit? (2018)
Wapler, Rüdiger; Wolf, Katja; Werner, Daniel;Zitatform
Wapler, Rüdiger, Daniel Werner & Katja Wolf (2018): Active labour market policies in Germany. Do regional labour markets benefit? In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 51, S. 5561-5578., 2018-05-01. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2018.1487526
Abstract
"This article examines on a regional level whether active labour market policies (ALMP) improve the matching process. To take the fact of heterogeneous search effectiveness during programme participation into account, we distinguish between current and former programme participants. Our findings based on a regional augmented matching function show that higher search effectiveness due to ALMP is not outweighed by indirect effects on nonparticipants. The total number of matches in a region increases with a higher share of former programme participants among the jobseekers. However, these effects largely differ between programme types." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the optimal diversification of social networks in frictional labour markets with occupational mismatch (2018)
Zitatform
Zaharieva, Anna (2018): On the optimal diversification of social networks in frictional labour markets with occupational mismatch. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 112-127. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.04.002
Abstract
"This paper incorporates social networks into a frictional labour market framework. There are two worker types and two occupations, which are subject to correlated fluctuations in output. The equilibrium is characterized by occupational mismatch which is associated with a wage penalty. Every worker has a fixed number of social contacts in the network. The fraction of contacts of the same occupational type defines homophily of the social network, so this paper investigates the optimal level of network homophily. Workers are risk-neutral and take aggregate variables as given, so their optimal individual choice is full homophily. This is different from the social planner's perspective. The planner internalizes external effects of workers' network choices on aggregate variables, so there exists a unique interior value of network homophily maximizing the present value of income. On the one hand, higher homophily is associated with lower occupational mismatch. But on the other hand, higher homophily separates the two groups of workers, prevents exchange of information about open vacancies, and leads to more unemployment, especially in recessions. So it is the trade-off between these two effects and not the desire to reduce income volatility, as in standard portfolio theory, which gives rise to network diversification. Comparative statics shows that optimal network homophily is lower and diversification is stronger with a lower wage penalty from mismatch, lower unemployment benefit and negative correlation in output fluctuations." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Insight into job search self-regulation: effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity (2018)
Zitatform
da Motta Veiga, Serge P. & Daniel B. Turban (2018): Insight into job search self-regulation. Effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 108, H. October, S. 57-66. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.010
Abstract
"This study builds on a self-regulation framework to examine the influence of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity. Results from a repeated-measures study with new labor market entrants indicated that job seekers with higher between-person chronic employment self-efficacy put more intensity in their job search compared to those with lower chronic employment self-efficacy. Notably, however, within-person analyses indicated that as employment self-efficacy increased, job search intensity subsequently decreased. These results provide support for social cognitive theory for between-person employment self-efficacy, and for control theory for within-person employment self-efficacy. Furthermore, increased perceived progress was positively related to subsequent job search intensity. The positive relationship of perceived progress with subsequent job search intensity was moderated by chronic employment self-efficacy, such that the relationship was positive only for job seekers with lower chronic employment self-efficacy." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of unemployment insurance on job search: evidence from Google search data (2017)
Baker, Scott R.; Fradkin, Andrey;Zitatform
Baker, Scott R. & Andrey Fradkin (2017): The impact of unemployment insurance on job search: evidence from Google search data. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 99, H. 5, S. 756-768. DOI:10.1162/REST_a_00674
Abstract
"Job search is a key choice variable in theories of labor markets but is difficult to measure directly. We develop a job search activity index based on Google search data, the Google Job Search Index (GJSI). We validate the GJSI with both survey- and web-based measures of job search. Unlike those measures, the GJSI is high frequency, geographically precise, and available in real time. We demonstrate the GJSI's utility by using it to study the effects of unemployment insurance policy changes between 2008 and 2014. We find no evidence of an economically meaningful effect of these changes on aggregate search." (Author's abstract, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The demand side of hiring: employers in the labor market (2017)
Zitatform
Bills, David B., Valentina DiStasio & Klarita Gërxhani (2017): The demand side of hiring: employers in the labor market. In: Annual review of sociology, Jg. 43, S. 291-310. DOI:10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074255
Abstract
Soziologische Untersuchungen des Arbeitsmarkts haben sich bislang auf die Angebotsseite konzentriert, also etwa auf die Merkmale der Arbeitsuchenden und Arbeitsplatzinhaber. Trotz seiner wichtigen und vorrangigen Bedeutung bei den Arbeitsmarktprozessen hat die Nachfrageseite, haben insbesondere die Einstellungsentscheidungen der Arbeitgeber nach Ansicht der Autoren bisher zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Das Arbeitsverhältnis hat aber eine Nachfrage- und eine Angebotsseite sowie einen matching-Prozess, der beide zusammenführt. In der Soziologie der Nachfrageseite betrachten die Autoren mit dem Human-, Sozial- und kulturellen Kapital die drei Informationsquellen, auf denen die Einstellungsentscheidungen beruhen, und befassen sich damit auch mit den Mechanismen, die mit jeder einzelnen Informationsquelle verbunden sind. In diesem Ansatz sind die Arbeitgeber aktive Agenten, deren Einstellungsverhalten beschränkt, aber durch einen größeren gesellschaftlichen, organisationalen und institutionellen Kontext überhaupt erst möglich wird. Erforderlich dafür ist ein Forschungsprogramm, das zu einem umfassenderen empirischen und theoretischen Verständnis des Einstellungsverhaltens und dessen Stellenwerts in der Schichtenbildung des Arbeitsmarkts führt. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of productivity and benefits on unemployment: Breaking the Link (2017)
Zitatform
Brown, Alessio J. G., Britta Kohlbrecher, Christian Merkl & Dennis J. Snower (2017): The effects of productivity and benefits on unemployment. Breaking the Link. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 51), Maastricht, 38 S.
Abstract
"In the standard macroeconomic search and matching model of the labor market, there is a tight link between the quantitative effects of (i) aggregate productivity shocks on unemployment and (ii) unemployment benefits on unemployment. This tight link is at odds with the empirical literature. We show that a two-sided model of labor market search where the household and firm decisions are decomposed into job offers, job acceptances, firing, and quits can break this link. In such a model, unemployment benefits affect households' behavior directly, without having to run via the bargained wage. A calibration of the model based on U.S. JOLTS data generates both a solid amplification of productivity shocks and a moderate effect of benefits on unemployment. Our analysis shows the importance of investigating the effects of policies on the households' work incentives and the firms' employment incentives within the search process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sorting through search and matching models in economics (2017)
Chade, Hector; Eeckhout, Jan; Smith, Lones;Zitatform
Chade, Hector, Jan Eeckhout & Lones Smith (2017): Sorting through search and matching models in economics. In: Journal of Economic Literature, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 493-544. DOI:10.1257/jel.20150777
Abstract
"Toward understanding assortative matching, this is a self-contained introduction to research on search and matching. We first explore the nontransferable and perfectly transferable utility matching paradigms, and then a unifying imperfectly transferable utility matching model. Motivated by some unrealistic predictions of frictionless matching, we flesh out the foundational economics of search theory. We then revisit the original matching paradigms with search frictions. We finally allow informational frictions that often arise, such as in college-student sorting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Simultaneous search and efficiency of entry and search intensity (2017)
Gautier, Pieter A.; Holzner, Christian L.;Zitatform
Gautier, Pieter A. & Christian L. Holzner (2017): Simultaneous search and efficiency of entry and search intensity. In: American Economic Journal. Microeconomics, Jg. 9, H. 3, S. 245-282. DOI:10.1257/mic.20160088
Abstract
"We consider a model where firms open vacancies and post and commit to a wage mechanism. Search is costly and workers simultaneously apply to multiple jobs. Firms can be connected to multiple workers and workers to multiple firms. We use a new method to derive the expected maximum number of matches in a large market as a function of the number of applications and market tightness. We also derive the conditions under which firm entry, worker participation, and search intensity are socially efficient. Finally, we show that a sequential auction under incomplete information can establish the social optimum and discuss some alternative mechanisms that can, under complete information of the entire network, also deliver social efficiency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Identifying equilibrium models of labor market sorting (2017)
Hagedorn, Marcus; Law, Tzuo Hann; Manovskii, Iourii;Zitatform
Hagedorn, Marcus, Tzuo Hann Law & Iourii Manovskii (2017): Identifying equilibrium models of labor market sorting. In: Econometrica, Jg. 85, H. 1, S. 29-65. DOI:10.3982/ECTA11301
Abstract
"We assess the empirical content of equilibrium models of labor market sorting based on unobserved (to economists) characteristics. In particular, we show theoretically that all parameters of the classic model of sorting based on absolute advantage in Becker, 1973 with search frictions can be nonparametrically identified using only matched employer - employee data on wages and labor market transitions. In particular, these data are sufficient to nonparametrically estimate the output of any individual worker with any given firm. Our identification proof is constructive and we provide computational algorithms that implement our identification strategy given the limitations of the available data sets. Finally, we add on-the-job search to the model, extend the identification strategy, and apply it to a large German matched employer - employee data set to describe detailed patterns of sorting and properties of the production function." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Signaling cooperation (2017)
Heinz, Matthias; Schumacher, Heiner;Zitatform
Heinz, Matthias & Heiner Schumacher (2017): Signaling cooperation. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 98, H. September, S. 199-216. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.06.017
Abstract
"We examine what an applicant's vita signals to employers about her willingness to cooperate in teams. Intensive social engagement may credibly reveal that an applicant cares about others and is less likely to free-ride in teamwork situations. We find that contributions to a public good strongly increase in a subject's degree of social engagement as indicated on her résumé. In a prediction experiment with human resource managers, we find that employers use résumé content effectively to predict relative differences in subjects' willingness to cooperate. Thus, a young professional's vita signals important behavioral characteristics to potential employers. Our results complement the findings from recent studies which analyze the effects of social engagement on wages and job market prospects." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mismatch and the forecasting performance of matching functions (2017)
Zitatform
Hutter, Christian & Enzo Weber (2017): Mismatch and the forecasting performance of matching functions. In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 101-123., 2016-04-19. DOI:10.1111/obes.12142
Abstract
"This paper investigates the role of structural imbalance between job seekers and job openings for the forecasting performance of a labour market matching function. Starting from a Cobb-Douglas matching function with constant returns to scale (CRS) in each frictional micro market shows that on the aggregate level, a measure of mismatch is a crucial ingredient of the matching function and hence should not be ignored for forecasting hiring figures. Consequently, we allow the matching process to depend on the level of regional, qualificatory and occupational mismatch between unemployed and vacancies. In pseudo out-of-sample tests that account for the nested model environment, we find that forecasting models enhanced by a measure of mismatch significantly outperform their benchmark counterparts for all forecast horizons ranging between one month and a year. This is especially pronounced during and in the aftermath of the Great Recession where a low level of mismatch improved the possibility of unemployed to find a job again. The results show that imposing CRS helps improve forecast accuracy compared to unrestricted models." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Open-Access-Version -
Literaturhinweis
Learning to hire? Hiring as a dynamic experiential learning process in an online market for contract labor (2017)
Leung, Ming D.;Zitatform
Leung, Ming D. (2017): Learning to hire? Hiring as a dynamic experiential learning process in an online market for contract labor. (IRLE working paper 2017-103), Berkeley, CA, 49 S.
Abstract
"We know a job applicant's social category affects an employer's likelihood of hiring them, but we do not know whether, or how, employers update their beliefs regarding members of these social categories. I examine how prior negative and positive hiring experiences of employees from particular countries affects an employer's subsequent likelihood of hiring applicants from those countries. Analyses of over 26 million applications, from freelancers worldwide, for over 2.2 million jobs on an online labor market demonstrate that employers react more strongly to negative hiring experiences than positive ones. Employers are 14% less likely (versus 8% more likely) to hire freelancers from a country following a prior negative (versus positive) experience. The similarity of the prior job moderates this effect. Prior negative experiences with similar jobs (versus dissimilar jobs) lead employers to be 92% less likely (versus 7% less likely) to hire from that country. Conversely, positive experiences with similar jobs (versus dissimilar jobs) lead employers to be 23% more likely (versus 3% more likely) to subsequently hire from that country. The consequences for switching countries, following negative experiences, are analyzed and wage differences, made to compensate for employer reactions, are calculated. Contributions to the hiring discrimination, impression formation, and gig-economy literatures are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The fundamental surplus (2017)
Ljungqvist, Lars; Sargent, Thomas J.;Zitatform
Ljungqvist, Lars & Thomas J. Sargent (2017): The fundamental surplus. In: The American economic review, Jg. 107, H. 9, S. 2630-2665. DOI:10.1257/aer.20150233
Abstract
"To generate big responses of unemployment to productivity changes, researchers have reconfigured matching models in various ways: by elevating the utility of leisure, by making wages sticky, by assuming alternating-offer wage bargaining, by introducing costly acquisition of credit, by assuming fixed matching costs, or by positing government-mandated unemployment compensation and layoff costs. All of these redesigned matching models increase responses of unemployment to movements in productivity by diminishing the fundamental surplus fraction, an upper bound on the fraction of a job's output that the invisible hand can allocate to vacancy creation. Business cycles and welfare state dynamics of an entire class of reconfigured matching models all operate through this common channel." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Comparing econometric methods to empirically evaluate job-search assistance (2017)
Muller, Paul; Heyma, Arjan; Klaauw, Bas van der;Zitatform
Muller, Paul, Bas van der Klaauw & Arjan Heyma (2017): Comparing econometric methods to empirically evaluate job-search assistance. (IZA discussion paper 10531), Bonn, 56 S.
Abstract
"We test whether different empirical methods give different results when evaluating job search assistance programs. Budgetary problems at the Dutch unemployment insurance (UI) administration in March 2010, caused a sharp drop in the availability of these programs. Using administrative data provided by the UI administration, we evaluate the effect of the program using (1) the policy discontinuity as a quasi-experiment, (2) conventional matching methods, and (3) the timing-of-events model. All three methods use the same data to consider the same program in the same setting, and also yield similar results. The program reduces job finding during the first six months after enrollment. At longer durations, the quasi-experimental estimates are not significantly different from zero, while the nonexperimental methods show a small negative effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Formal search and referrals from a firm's perspective (2017)
Zitatform
Rebien, Martina, Michael Stops & Anna Zaharieva (2017): Formal search and referrals from a firm's perspective. (Center for Mathematical Economics Working Paper 578), Bielefeld, 57 S.
Abstract
"This study explores the relationship between firms' characteristics and their recruitment strategies. We propose a model based on a search and matching framework with two search channels: a formal channel which is costly for firms and a costless informal channel, i.e. referrals. There is a continuum of heterogeneous vacancies in our model where every firm with an open vacancy chooses an optimal search effort in order to attract job candidates. This search effort depends on the productivity of the firm and, contrary to the previous literature, workers send simultaneous applications to open vacancies. We assess the model predictions by using the IAB Job Vacancy Survey, a representative survey among human resource managers in Germany reporting information about their most recent recruitment case. Based on the finding that firm size and productivity are positively correlated we show that: (1) Larger firms invest more effort into formal search activities; (2) Firms invest more formal search effort in labour markets for more educated workers; (3) The positive relationship between firm's size and formal search intensity can also be observed for firms that don't use referrals; (4) Firms that use referrals as a search channel invest less effort into formal search compared to firms that don't use referrals; (5) Larger firms are less likely to hire an applicant by referral than smaller firms, and (6) More intensive search effort leads to a larger number of applications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Formal search and referrals from a firm's perspective (2017)
Zitatform
Rebien, Martina, Michael Stops & Anna Zaharieva (2017): Formal search and referrals from a firm's perspective. (IAB-Discussion Paper 33/2017), Nürnberg, 66 S.
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen den Zusammenhang zwischen den Merkmalen eines Betriebes und dessen Entscheidung für bestimmte Suchwege bei der Rekrutierung neuer Mitarbeiter. Wir konstruieren ein suchtheoretisches Modell, in dem Betriebe sich für eine oder mehrere Suchstrategien entscheiden können. Dabei unterscheiden wir formale Wege, die für die Unternehmen mit Kosten verbunden sind, und einen informalen Weg, der kostenlos ist und bei dem die Betriebe über Empfehlungen der beschäftigten Mitarbeiter suchen. In unserem Modell unterscheiden wir offene Stellen hinsichtlich ihrer Produktivität. Die Betriebe wählen einen bezüglich der zu erwarteten Kosten und Erträge optimalen Suchaufwand, um potentielle Bewerber für die offenen Stellen anzusprechen. Dabei können sich Arbeitsuchende gleichzeitig auf mehrere offene Stellen bewerben. Unser Modell erlaubt eine Reihe von Vorhersagen zu Rekrutierungsstrategien der Betriebe bei der Suche nach Mitarbeitern. Diese Vorhersagen überprüfen wir mit Hilfe der IAB-Stellenerhebung, bei der Personalverantwortliche in Deutschland detailliert über ihren letzten Fall der Suche nach Mitarbeitern berichten. Wir zeigen, dass (1) größere Unternehmen eher in formale Suchwege investieren; dass (2) Unternehmen höheren formalen Suchaufwand in Arbeitsmärkten mit höher qualifizierten Arbeitskräften betreiben; dass (3) die positive Korrelation zwischen Unternehmensgröße und formaler Suchintensität auch für Unternehmen beobachtet werden kann, die nicht über Mitarbeiterempfehlungen suchen; dass (4) Unternehmen, die Mitarbeiterempfehlungen als Suchkanal benutzen, weniger Aufwand auf formalen Suchwegen betreiben als Unternehmen, die nicht über Mitarbeiterempfehlungen suchen; dass (5) größere Unternehmen mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit einen Bewerber über Mitarbeiterempfehlungen einstellen als kleine Unternehmen; und schließlich dass (6) ein höherer Suchaufwand auf formalen Suchwegen zu einer größeren Anzahl an Bewerbungen führt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Effect of labor market policies on unemployment when firms adapt their recruitment strategy (2017)
Sengul, Gonul;Zitatform
Sengul, Gonul (2017): Effect of labor market policies on unemployment when firms adapt their recruitment strategy. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 60, H. January, S. 169-179. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2016.09.012
Abstract
"Firms conduct interviews to select who to hire. Their recruitment strategies affect not only the hiring rate but also job destruction rate as more interviews increase the chances of finding the right worker for the job; a link mostly overlooked in the literature. I model this recruitment behavior and investigate the effects of labor market policies on unemployment. These policies change the value of hiring the right worker, altering firms' incentives to conduct interviews. Policies further affect job creation and destruction when firms adapt their recruitment strategies. Net effect of a policy on unemployment depends on the magnitude of change in job creation versus destruction. Qualitative analysis reveals that the effect of a policy on unemployment is mostly weakened with the introduction of firms' recruitment behavior to the model. Firing taxes still increase unemployment, albeit at a lower rate. The effect of hiring subsidies on unemployment is even reversed: Unemployment increases with hiring subsidies if firms adapt. Minimum wage and unemployment insurance policies are also analyzed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Payroll taxes, social insurance, and business cycles (2016)
Zitatform
Burda, Michael C. & Mark Weder (2016): Payroll taxes, social insurance, and business cycles. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 438-467. DOI:10.1111/jeea.12145
Abstract
"Payroll taxes represent a major distortionary influence of governments on labor markets. This paper examines the role of time-varying payroll taxes and the social safety net for cyclical fluctuations in a nonmonetary economy with labor market frictions and unemployment insurance, when the latter is only imperfectly related to search effort. A balanced social insurance budget induces countercyclical payroll taxation, renders gross wages more rigid over the cycle and strengthens the model's endogenous propagation mechanism. For conventional calibrations, the model generates a negatively sloped Beveridge curve and countercyclical unemployment as well as substantial volatility and persistence of vacancies and unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupation-specific matching efficiency (2016)
Zitatform
Dengler, Katharina, Michael Stops & Basha Vicari (2016): Occupation-specific matching efficiency. (IAB-Discussion Paper 16/2016), Nürnberg, 29 S.
Abstract
"Auf der Grundlage eines umfangreichen administrativen Datensatzes für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt untersuchen wir die Unterschiede in berufsspezifischen Matchingprozessen. Ein Beruf besteht hierbei aus Jobs, die sich durch Gemeinsamkeiten in den erforderlichen Kenntnissen und Tätigkeiten auszeichnen. Wir zeigen, dass diese Unterschiede durch berufsspezifische Eigenschaften erklärt werden können. Zum einen spielt der Grad der Standardisierung eines Berufes eine Rolle, der durch das Vorhandensein von Ausbildungsvorschriften oder einer gesetzlichen Reglementierung bestimmt wird. Zum anderen kann ein Einfluss der Diversität der Tätigkeiten, sog. Tasks, in einem Beruf nachgewiesen werden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Matchingeffizienz mit einem höheren Grad der Standardisierung und einer niedrigeren Diversität der Tasks steigt. Die möglichen Mechanismen, die unseren Befunden zugrunde liegen, diskutieren wir in einem suchtheoretischen Modell: mit zunehmenden Grad der Standardisierung und abnehmender Diversität der Tasks nehmen die Suchkosten ab und die optimale Suchintensität zu. Allerdings ergibt sich aus dem Modell, dass eine höhere Suchintensität sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen auf die Matching-Effizienz haben kann. Daher diskutieren wir die Bedingungen, unter denen die empirischen Ergebnisse vorhergesagt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Who works for whom?: worker sorting in a model of entrepreneurship with heterogeneous labor markets (2016)
Dinlersoz, Emin M.; Janicki, Hubert P.; Hyatt, Henry R.;Zitatform
Dinlersoz, Emin M., Henry R. Hyatt & Hubert P. Janicki (2016): Who works for whom? Worker sorting in a model of entrepreneurship with heterogeneous labor markets. (IZA discussion paper 9693), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"Young and small firms are typically matched with younger and nonemployed individuals, and they provide these workers with lower earnings compared to other firms. To explore the mechanisms behind these facts, a dynamic model of entrepreneurship is introduced, where individuals can choose not to work, become entrepreneurs, or work in one of the two sectors: corporate or entrepreneurial. The differences in production technology, financial constraints, and labor market frictions lead to sector-specific wages and worker sorting across the two sectors. Individuals with lower assets tend to accept lower-paying jobs in the entrepreneurial sector, an implication that finds support in the data. The effect on the entrepreneurial sector of changes in key parameters is also studied to explore some channels that may have contributed to the decline of entrepreneurship in the United States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Formal education versus learning-by-doing: on the labor market efficiency of educational choices (2016)
Gavrela, Frédéric; Rebière, Thérèse; Lebona, Isabelle;Zitatform
Gavrela, Frédéric, Isabelle Lebona & Thérèse Rebière (2016): Formal education versus learning-by-doing. On the labor market efficiency of educational choices. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 54, H. April, S. 545-562. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2016.01.006
Abstract
"Educational choices are studied in a two-sectors search-and-matching model where qualifications are required for access to good jobs. Qualifications can be acquired either before entering the labor market through formal education, or through learning-by-doing in a low-skill job. Spontaneously, the economy creates too many high-skill jobs and accordingly individuals devote too much effort to formal education. However, educational effort alone becomes insufficient when the rate of creation of these high-skill jobs is reduced to its optimal level. In conclusion, we show that an efficient policy would be to subsidize both education and low-skill firms whose workers quit when obtaining a job in the high-skill sector, both elements financed by a tax on high-skill firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve (2016)
Zitatform
Gries, Thomas, Stefan Jungblut & Wim Naudé (2016): The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve. (IZA discussion paper 9744), Bonn, 17 S.
Abstract
"We propose that the rate of creation and failure of start-up firms can be modelled as a search and matching process, following labor market matching models. Setting out an endogenous growth model with entrepreneurship we derive a Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve, through which we illustrate that entrepreneurial start-ups are the outcome of the efficiency with which entrepreneurial abilities are matched with business opportunities. The Entrepreneurship Beveridge Curve is a potentially useful analytical tool to add to the formalization of the economics of entrepreneurship, and we mention a number of extentions and applications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Imperfections in the German labour market: Essays on educational mismatch and asymmetric information (2016)
Zitatform
Grunau, Philipp (2016): Imperfections in the German labour market. Essays on educational mismatch and asymmetric information. Nürnberg, 174 S.
Abstract
"This dissertation comprises five empirical papers contributing to scientific research in empirical labour economics. All these papers aim at filling research gaps covering topics important to various actors of the labour market. They rely on different micro data sources from Germany, apart from the data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) all of which are register and survey data provided by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The main focus is on the topic of educational mismatch, which four out of the five papers are devoted to, scrutinizing both its causes and its consequences for employers, employees, and labour market policy. By contrast, the last paper addresses asymmetric information in promotion decisions within and across establishments, hence covering another important aspect of imperfection in modern-day labour markets." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. The impact of overeducated and undereducated workers on establishment-level productivity - First evidence for Germany
3. Literacy and numeracy abilities of overeducated and undereducated workers: Revisiting the allocation process in the labour market
4. Not just more jobs but also better ones? Retraining for the unemployed and the quality of the job-worker match
5. Educational mismatch and promotions to managerial positions: A test of the career mobility theory
6. Asymmetric information in internal versus external promotionsWeiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Job search and hiring in local labor markets: spillovers in regional matching functions (2016)
Haller, Peter; Heuermann, Daniel F.;Zitatform
Haller, Peter & Daniel F. Heuermann (2016): Job search and hiring in local labor markets. Spillovers in regional matching functions. In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 60, H. September, S. 125-138., 2016-06-22. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2016.06.007
Abstract
"In this paper we take a fresh look at the job matching process within local labor markets in Germany. Drawing on smaller geographic units than the previous literature, we estimate regional matching functions on NUTS 3 level for the years 2000 to 2010. The elasticity between matches and unemployment ranges between 0.4 and 0.5 with 75% of this effect being driven by the impact that unemployment has on matches in neighboring regions. The effect of vacancies on matches is substantially smaller but also robustly positive. Bayesian model comparison tests suggest that spillovers from unemployment and vacancies are confined to local labor markets, which are best approximated by geographical distance rather than by present or past infrastructure or commuter numbers. Spillovers from unemployment arise exclusively after a series of major labor market reforms ('Hartz Reforms') have been implemented between 2003 and 2005, indicating that the reforms have contributed to an increased spatial mobility of the unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Benefits of dense labour markets: evidence from transitions to employment in Germany (2016)
Zitatform
Hamann, Silke, Annekatrin Niebuhr & Cornelius Peters (2016): Benefits of dense labour markets. Evidence from transitions to employment in Germany. (IAB-Discussion Paper 13/2016), Nürnberg, 38 S.
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, ob die Größe des lokalen Arbeitsmarktes die Qualität von Matches zwischen Arbeitsuchenden und offenen Stellen verbessert, welches sich in einer höheren Produktivität widerspiegeln sollte. Die Analyse basiert auf einem umfangreichen Individualdatensatz mit detaillierten Informationen zu einzelnen Beschäftigungsaufnahmen in Deutschland. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten auf eher geringe Matchingvorteile hin. Eine Verdoppelung der Beschäftigungsdichte erhöht die Produktivität neuer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse um 1,1% bis 1,2%. Allerdings profitieren den Resultaten zufolge ausschließlich Personen mit einem Job-to-Job Wechsel oder einer Beschäftigungsaufnahme nach einer kurzen Beschäftigungsunterbrechung. Die Produktivität nach einer langen Beschäftigungsunterbrechung wird nicht von der Dichte des lokalen Arbeitsmarktes beeinflusst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Inept or badly matched?: effects of educational mismatch in the labor market (2016)
Kleibrink, Jan;Zitatform
Kleibrink, Jan (2016): Inept or badly matched? Effects of educational mismatch in the labor market. In: Labour, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 88-108. DOI:10.1111/labr.12065
Abstract
"Negative wage effects of educational mismatch have become a stylized fact. Whether these are explained by differences in unobserved productivity or poor matching is still to be answered conclusively. In an empirical analysis based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the International Adult Literacy Survey, a broad econometric strategy is applied to solve the problem of unobserved heterogeneity and reveal the mechanism underlying wage differences between matched and mismatched workers. Results show that wage differentials can be explained by a poor matching in the labor market, rejecting the hypothesis that mismatched workers compensate for unobserved productivity differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Business cycle asymmetries and the labor market (2016)
Zitatform
Kohlbrecher, Britta & Christian Merkl (2016): Business cycle asymmetries and the labor market. (CESifo working paper 5803), München, 38 S.
Abstract
"This paper shows that the matching function and the Beveridge curve in the United States exhibit strong nonlinearities over the business cycle. These patterns can be replicated by enhancing a search and matching model with idiosyncratic productivity shocks for new contacts. Large negative aggregate shocks move the hiring cut-off point into a part of the idiosyncratic density function with higher density and thereby generate large, asymmetric job-finding rate and unemployment reactions. Our proposed mechanism is of high relevance as it leads to time varying effects of certain policy interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))