Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Başaran, Altan (2025): Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis. In: Sustainability, Jg. 17, H. 5. DOI:10.3390/su17051906
Abstract
"Digital nomadism is more than just a tourism idea. It represents a new working paradigm in which digital trends are transforming relationships between employers, work, and employees. Our study focuses on digital nomadism and the platforms that enable remote work relationships, which are the result of digitalization. The present study seeks to identify the current research trends and to rationalize future research opportunities in regards to digital nomads. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of available literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2006 and 2024 will be conducted. The study uses RStudio version 2024.12.0 Build 467 and Biblioshiny as tools to perform the bibliometric analysis of the extracted data. The research findings indicate that the publication of articles demonstrated an annual growth rate of 26.31% between 2006 and 2024. The average number of citations per document is 11.19. The UK, Portugal, Spain, and the USA are the most prominent contributors to digital nomad literature. Even though the conceptual discussions of this phenomenon are carried out in different disciplines, bibliometric analysis is used in our study to observe the areas in which the subject attracts attention in the academic literature and to predict the trends for the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health (2025)
Zitatform
Blasco, Sylvie, Julie Rochut & Benedicte Rouland (2025): Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 40-76. DOI:10.1111/irel.12356
Abstract
"Automation may destroy jobs and change the labor demand structure, thereby potentially impacting workers' mental health. Implementing propensity score matching on French individual survey data, we find that working in an automatable job is associated with a 3 pp increase in the probability of suffering from mental disorders. Fear of automation through fear of job loss, expectation of a required change in skills, and fear of unwanted job mobility seem to be relevant channels to explain the findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries (2025)
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Chueri, Juliana & Marius R. Busemeyer (2025): Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries. In: Competition and Change, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1177/10245294251318440
Abstract
"Platform work has introduced a new dimension of precarity in the labor market, as platform workers face high labor market risks and have limited access to social protection. The expansion of this employment status raises the question of whether platform workers have distinct social policy preferences from workers with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who are not employed in the platform economy. This paper empirically examines how and under what circumstances the social policy preferences of platform workers differ from those of other workers. We find that platform workers are more likely to demand more compensatory labor market policies than regular workers. Also, they are more likely to demand more social investment-type policies than regular and atypical workers who do not engage in the platform economy. We also find evidence for contextual effects: whereas welfare state generosity is associated with weaker demand from platform workers for compensatory labor market policies, it is associated with higher support for social investment. Our results suggest that the expansion of platform work will fuel demands for welfare expansion, specifically focusing on social investment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does the Technological Transformation of Firms Go Along With More Employee Control Over Working Time? Empirical Findings From an EU-Wide Combined Dataset (2025)
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Greenan, Nathalie & Silvia Napolitano (2025): Does the Technological Transformation of Firms Go Along With More Employee Control Over Working Time? Empirical Findings From an EU-Wide Combined Dataset. In: Review of Political Economy, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 500-522. DOI:10.1080/09538259.2024.2445096
Abstract
"We investigate the links between the technological transformation of firms and employee control over working time. We conduct EU-wide analysis at the meso-level by relating information from the European Company Survey 2019 (Eurofound and Cedefop) with the Labour Force Survey ad hoc module 2019 (Eurostat). This dataset allows analysing the technological transformation of firms as a relationship between three types of investments (in R&D, digital technologies and learning capacity of the organisation) that spur innovation outputs. We then study the consequences of the technological transformation on the spread of unfavourable working time arrangements, distinguishing between individual and organisation-oriented arrangements. Our model considers the direct effects of investments in Digital technologies adoption and use and Learning capacity of the organisation and the mediating role of firms' innovation strategies. Results indicate that the Learning capacity of the organisation is directly associated with more individual-oriented working time flexibility, but entails higher organisation-oriented working time flexibility. The effect of Digital technologies adoption and use depends instead on firms' innovation strategy: product innovation leads to more employee control over working time, while marketing innovation has the opposite outcome. Process and organisational innovations yield mixed consequences buffering employees from organisation-oriented working time flexibility in more time-constrained work environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms (2025)
Zitatform
Griesbach, Kathleen (2025): Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70026
Abstract
"Platform-based gig work illustrates a broader erosion of the spatial boundaries of work. While geographers have long theorized space as an integral part of capitalist work processes and social life, sociological research has often treated space as a backdrop for work processes rather than an active process shaping the social world, contemporary work, inequality, and resistance. However, important work in urban and rural sociology emphasizes the central role place plays in social life and inequality. This review synthesizes insights on space, place, and inequality and identifies key spatial continuities between platform labor and other forms of precarious work. I find common throughlines across disciplines: the intertwining of space, place, and social relations and the relevance of space and place for understanding inequality. Next, I relate spatial theories of capitalist development to contemporary precarious work. Finally, I suggest 3 promising avenues for incorporating space into research on contemporary work and inequality today: analyzing how existing inequalities intersect with the spatial features of new and enduring work structures; examining how contemporary work processes are reshaping rural and urban geographies; and identifying the spatial practices of contemporary organizing and resistance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Support and employment preferences in online platform work: A cluster analysis of German-speaking workers (2025)
Zitatform
Klaus, Dominik, Maddalena Lamura, Marcel Bilger & Barbara Haas (2025): Support and employment preferences in online platform work. A cluster analysis of German-speaking workers. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12659. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12659
Abstract
"Online platform work is an emerging field of non-standard employment. Up to now, there has been little knowledge of the perspective of online platform workers on social protection and regulation. We provide quantitative data (n = 1727) on their needs for support and on their employment status preferences. Given the heterogeneity of German-speaking online platform workers, we have conducted a cluster analysis to group workers according to task length, hourly wage, working hours and experience on online platforms. Most of the respondents are solo-self-employed and hybrid workers. They prefer support instruments that improve their skills and income over those that aim to strengthen their rights. The majority of platform workers are in favour of working outside of platforms. The study also shows that despite the low dependence on platform income, the actual poverty risk is relatively high." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality Regimes in Coworking Spaces: How New Forms of Organising (Re)produce Inequalities (2025)
Zitatform
Knappert, Lena, Boukje Cnossen & Renate Ortlieb (2025): Inequality Regimes in Coworking Spaces: How New Forms of Organising (Re)produce Inequalities. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 43-63. DOI:10.1177/09500170241237188
Abstract
"Coworking is a rapidly growing worldwide phenomenon. While the coworking movement emphasizes equality and emancipation, there is little known about the extent to which coworking spaces as new forms of organizing live up to this ideal. This study examines inequality in coworking spaces in the Netherlands, employing Acker’s framework of inequality regimes. The findings highlight coworking-specific components of inequality regimes, in particular stereotyped assumptions regarding ‘ideal members’ that establish the bases of inequality, practices that produce inequality (e.g. through the commodification of community) and practices that perpetuate inequality (e.g. the denial of inequality). The study provides an update of Acker’s framework in the context of coworking and speaks, more broadly, to the growing body of literature on (in)equality in emerging organizational contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das Produktionsmodell der deutschen Automobilindustrie auf dem Prüfstand: Arbeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsanforderungen in Montagewerken im Wandel? (2025)
Zitatform
Kuhlmann, Martin, Britta Matthes & Stefan Theuer (2025): Das Produktionsmodell der deutschen Automobilindustrie auf dem Prüfstand. Arbeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsanforderungen in Montagewerken im Wandel? (SOFI-Impulspapier), Göttingen, 6 S.
Abstract
"Das in den 1980er-Jahren etablierte Produktionsmodell der deutschen Automobilhersteller lässt sich beschreiben als innovations- und exportorientierte Produktion qualitativ hochwertiger Produkte auf Basis qualifizierter Arbeit, guter Bezahlung und hoher Beschäftigungssicherheit sowie starken gewerkschaftlichen Interessenvertretungen. Politische Vorgaben, wie die Umstellung auf die Produktion von Elektroautos, veränderte Wettbewerbsbedingungen sowie die weiter voranschreitende Digitalisierung haben dazu geführt, dass dieses Produktionsmodell derzeit auf dem Prüfstand steht. Getrieben durch aufkommende Zweifel an der technologischen Überlegenheit deutscher Automobilhersteller und Nachfrageschwächen beim Übergang auf Elektromobilität ist die Unsicherheit in der Branche gegenwärtig groß. In einem laufenden Forschungsprojekt untersuchen wir, inwiefern sich durch die Produktion von Elektroautos und die fortschreitende Digitalisierung Arbeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsanforderungen in den Endmontagewerken der deutschen Automobilhersteller verändert haben und ob sich arbeitsbezogen ein Wandel des deutschen Produktionsmodells abzeichnet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Good Jobs or Bad Jobs? Immigrant Workers in the Gig Economy (2025)
Zitatform
Liu, Cathy Yang & Rory Renzy (2025): Good Jobs or Bad Jobs? Immigrant Workers in the Gig Economy. In: International migration review, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1177/01979183241309585
Abstract
"New work arrangements enabled by online platforms, or gig work, saw substantive growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various estimates have suggested the wide participation of workers in the gig economy, with minority and immigrant workers well represented. The quality of work is a multi-dimensional concept that goes beyond earnings. One framework of good jobs and bad jobs centers on control over work schedule, content and duration, stability, safety, benefits and insurance, as well as career advancement opportunities. Using a newly released national survey focused on entrepreneurs and workers in the United States, we find that about 18.5 percent immigrant workers and 21.1 percent native-born workers participated in the gig economy as their primary or secondary job. In terms of job quality, immigrant gig workers work shorter hours and have significantly less fringe benefits than non-gig workers as well as U.S.-born gig workers, reflecting a double disadvantage. However, they tend to have higher entrepreneurial aspirations, suggesting the transient nature of gig arrangements and potential for career advancements. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and implication of immigrants’ engagement with the gig economy and offers policy and theoretical discussions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inklusion - KI und die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft (2025)
Zitatform
Matthes, Britta (2025): Inklusion - KI und die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft. In: Die Berufliche Rehabilitation, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 6-15., 2025-04-04.
Abstract
"Es ist absehbar, dass die rasanten technologischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre, insbesondere die enorme Steigerung der Rechenleistung und die Entwicklung selbstlernender algorithmischer Systeme, die heute allgemein als Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) bezeichnet werden, ihre Spuren auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hinterlassen werden. Welche das genau sein werden, können wir leider aber auch nicht sagen. Denn gerade in solch disruptiven Zeiten, wie wir sie derzeit erleben, wissen wir nicht, wie schnell und in welche Richtung sich bestehende Berufe verändern, welche Berufe verschwinden und welche neu entstehen werden. Zwar können Prognosen etwas darüber sagen, wie sich die Zahl der Berufseinsteiger*innen auf die verschiedenen Berufe und Qualifikationsniveaus verteilen würde, wenn sich die Entwicklung wie in der Vergangenheit fortsetzt. Allerdings scheinen die Potenziale, die sich aus dem Einsatz von KI ergeben, bekannte Zusammenhänge in Frage zu stellen. Hinzu kommt, dass diese Prognosemodelle sehr komplex sind, um daraus sinnvolle Schlussfolgerungen für den Einzelnen zu ziehen. So lässt sich die Frage, inwiefern KI und andere digtale Technolgien auch die Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für Menschen mit Behinderungen erweitern könnten, damit kaum beantworten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe: Evidence from Spain and Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Pesole, Annarosa (2025): Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe: Evidence from Spain and Germany. In: The Indian Journal of Labour Economics. DOI:10.1007/s41027-024-00544-y
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of digital tools and algorithmic management on work organisation and working conditions, with a focus on the growing platformisation of work. The research focuses on three main aspects: the use of digital devices and platforms, the collection and processing of data by these platforms, and the role of algorithms in managing labour activities. Drawing on data from the AMPWork survey conducted in Spain and Germany, the analysis explores the prevalence and effects of digital monitoring and algorithmic management within traditional and platform work settings. Findings highlight the significant diffusion of digital tools and reveal that over two-thirds of workers use such technologies in their tasks. However, the extent of platformisation varies by occupation, sector, and digital tool usage. The findings reveal that a significant number of workers now rely on digital devices in their daily tasks, with digital monitoring and algorithmic management prevalent across various work environments. The survey highlights higher levels of platformisation among clerks and operators in high-tech industries, knowledge-intensive services, and public administration. Additionally, remote workers or those operating outside traditional employer premises are more likely to experience platformisation. While the use of platforms can lead to more structured and efficient work procedures, it also introduces challenges, such as increased monotony and stress, suggesting a complex relationship between platformisation and job satisfaction. This study underscores the transformative impact of platformisation on the nature of work, calling attention to the need for further research and policy consideration. The findings emphasise the importance of addressing the implications of digital labour platforms and algorithmic management for job quality, economic value, and the evolving landscape of employment in the digital era. Indeed, the study confirms that the integration of algorithmic management and surveillance technologies in the workplace poses significant risks to workers’ privacy, datarights, freedom of association, and overall well-being. These practices can erode working conditions and harm mental and physical health. Addressing these issues requires strict regulation of intrusive surveillance and the development of a comprehensive policy framework for algorithmic management and digital monitoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technostress and work-family interface in the face of COVID-19-related remote work: the moderator role of goals setting and prioritization skills (2025)
Zitatform
Procentese, Fortuna, Flora Gatti & Emiliano Ceglie (2025): Technostress and work-family interface in the face of COVID-19-related remote work: the moderator role of goals setting and prioritization skills. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 272-290. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2247147
Abstract
"During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Italy, a nationwide lockdown required a massive shift to remote work – that is, from workers’ houses. The risk of conflict between work and family domains increased due to the collapse of both into private houses and may have been further burdened due to no training being issued to help workers adjust to these changes in their work activities, producing higher rates of technostress. This study deepens the impact of technostress creators on the conflicts between work and family domains and the role of workers’ goal setting and prioritization skills as moderators easing these relationships. Data were gathered from 375 remote workers during the Italian nationwide lockdown using an online questionnaire. Results show that higher scores in technostress creators positively associate with both work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts and the former relationship becomes stronger as workers’ planning skills increase. They highlight the need to consider the pitfalls of remote work, as it can also have detrimental effects on workers’ family and relational life, and to find a better balance between work and family domains from a systemic perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are they coming for us? Industrial robots and the mental health of workers (2024)
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Abeliansky, Ana Lucia, Matthias Beulmann & Klaus Prettner (2024): Are they coming for us? Industrial robots and the mental health of workers. In: Research Policy, Jg. 53, H. 3. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.104956
Abstract
"How does the increasing use of robots affect the mental health of workers? To investigate this question, we combine individual mental health data from the German Socioeconomic Panel with data on the stock of robots in 14 manufacturing sectors provided by the International Federation of Robotics for the period 2002–2018. Using mediation analysis andan instrumental variable approach, we find that higher robot intensity is associated with deteriorating mental health, an effect that is mainly driven by worries about job security and a lower sense of achievement on the job. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that higher robot intensity has particularly severe negative effects on the mental health of workers close to retirement, in low-skilled occupations and performing routine jobs. Women and men are affected similarly, as are workers of all educational levels. Our results indicate the presence of hidden (health) costs of automation that policymakers need to address." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Organisational inhibition and promotion of flexible working in digitalised work environments (2024)
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Abendroth, Anja-Kristin & Mareike Reimann (2024): Organisational inhibition and promotion of flexible working in digitalised work environments. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 39-62. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.12275
Abstract
"Work-related use of digital information and communication technology (ICT) is not restricted to specific working sites and times. For employees, this can involve opportunities for flexible working, that is, having control over when and where to work. Applying an organisational comparative perspective, we examined whether adherence to the ideal worker norm inhibits and adherence to family-friendliness promotes flexible working as a consequence of ICT use. Linked employer–employee survey data from large German work organisations revealed that employees worked more flexibly in time and place due to work-related ICT use when supervisory work-life support was common. Mixed evidence is provided for the prevalence of ideal worker norm expectations. We conclude that work-life support in the organisation is a required complementary practice of flexible working for employees, promoting its dissemination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms (2024)
Zitatform
Alacovska, Ana, Eliane Bucher & Christian Fieseler (2024): A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 161-179. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103146
Abstract
"Based on interviews with 49 visual artists, graphic designers and illustrators working on two leading global digital labour platforms, this article examines how creative workers perform relational work as a means of attenuating labour commodification, precarity, and algorithmic normativity. The article argues that creative work on online labour platforms, rather than being entirely controlled by depersonalised, anonymised and algorithm-driven labour market forces, is also infused in relational infrastructures whose upkeep, solidity and durability depends on the emotional efforts undertaken by workers to match economic transactions and their media of exchange to meaningful client relations. By applying a relational work perspective from economic sociology to the study of platform-mediated gig work, the article elucidates the micro-foundations of creative work in the digital gig economy, including how labour inequalities are produced and reproduced within and around micro-level interpersonal interactions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour (2024)
Zitatform
Altenried, Moritz (2024): Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1113-1128. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211054846
Abstract
"The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America (2024)
Zitatform
Ametowobla, Dzifa & Stefan Kirchner (2024): Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America. In: Socio-economic review. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae079
Abstract
"This article challenges the idea of platform capitalism, that digital platforms implement a uniform model based on a self-employed labor force. Expanding on empirical evidence of a diversity of platform models, we theorize expectations about platform diversity from competition and comparative capitalism research. Using a unique cross-national dataset of leading food delivery platforms in 32 countries across North America and Europe, we compare platform models and competitive relations across national institutional regimes. Our analyses uncover a considerable diversity of platform models across Europe, in contrast to a clear uniformity in North America. We also find that the use of self-employment varies across and within large multinational corporations and is most prevalent in countries of the lightly regulated regime type. Our results call for an economic sociology perspective on the platform economy that integrates a general concept of platforms but allows for diversity stemming from competition and different national regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are we yet sick of new technologies? The unequal health effects of digitalization (2024)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Sebastian Findeisen, Stephan Maurer & Oliver Schlenker (2024): Are we yet sick of new technologies? The unequal health effects of digitalization. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 1984), London, 52 S.
Abstract
"This study quantifies the relationship between workplace digitalization, i.e., the increasing use of frontier technologies, and workers' health outcomes using novel and representative German linked employer-employee data. Based on changes in individual-level use of technologies between 2011 and 2019, we find that digitalization induces similar shifts into more complex and service-oriented tasks across all workers but exacerbates health inequality between cognitive and manual workers. Unlike more mature, computer-based technologies, frontier technologies of the recent technology wave substantially lower manual workers' subjective health and increase sick leave, while leaving cognitive workers unaffected. We provide evidence that the effects are mitigated in firms that provide training and assistance in the adjustment process for workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
auch erschienen als: Working Papers 19, University of Konstanz -
Literaturhinweis
Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work (2024)
Aroles, Jeremy ; Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, Aurelie ; Granter, Edward ; Hassard, John ; Foster, William M.;Zitatform
Aroles, Jeremy, Aurelie Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, John Hassard, William M. Foster & Edward Granter (2024): Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work. In: Work, Employment and Society. DOI:10.1177/09500170241300948
Abstract
"This article outlines how notions of novelty define today’s work practices and debates what the discursive construction of work as ‘new’ means. On the one hand, we highlight a misplaced emphasis on change and novelty that can lead to unnecessary dichotomization in the characterization and discursive construction of work practices and organizational phenomena. On the other, we specify substantive continuities in a range of strategic, organizational and employment arrangements. As such, we contend that a critical evaluation of key characteristics of contemporary work reveals that they are often not unique. Instead, these characteristics reflect the extending, rebranding or reshaping of measures and processes fashioned in earlier forms of value production. Ultimately, we theorize how the promotion of the ‘new’ world of work reflects structures and practices somehow altered in appearance, yet still analogous in substance, to those found in the traditional employment and production fabric of organizations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Crowdwork: Kontext und Kompetenzentwicklung in den Ländern Italien, den Niederlanden, Schweden und dem Vereinigten Königreich (2024)
Azzellini, Dario;Zitatform
Azzellini, Dario (2024): Crowdwork: Kontext und Kompetenzentwicklung in den Ländern Italien, den Niederlanden, Schweden und dem Vereinigten Königreich. (Working papers des Forschungsclusters OPAL der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität 14), Hamburg, 112 S. DOI:10.24405/17002
Abstract
"Ein zentraler auf Deutschland bezogener Befund des bis Ende 2024 laufenden Verbundprojekts „Crowdwork und Crowdworker – Kompetenz-/Subjektivierungseffekte, individuelle Beruflichkeit und lernförderliche Plattformgestaltung (CKoBeLeP) ist, dass die Plattformen selbst kaum strukturierte Lernangebote für die Crowdworker machen, sondern darauf bauen, dass die Crowdworker:innen eigene für die Aufgabenerledigung erforderliche Kompetenzen in die Tätigkeit einbringen oder diese on the job entwickeln. Zugleich wird ersichtlich, dass für einen nicht kleinen Teil der untersuchten Crowdworker das Erlernen neuer Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen in der Tätigkeit gerade ein Motiv dafür bildet, auf Crowdwork-Plattformen aktiv zu sein. Die vorliegende Studie dient dazu, die eigenen, auf Deutschland und primär deutschsprachige Plattformen bezogenen Projektbefunde im internationalen Kontext einzuordnen und dadurch umfassender zu verorten. Die Länderauswahl wurde auf europäische Länder beschränkt, um den Kontrast der institutionellen und sozioökonomischen Kontextbedingungen begrenzt zu halten und zugleich eine kontrollierte Variation der als Kontextbedingungen relevanten Wohlfahrts- und Ausbildungsregime zu ermöglichen. Dementsprechend fokussiert die vorliegende Studie auf Crowdwork-Plattformen in den vier kontrastiv ausgewählten europäischen Ländern Italien, Niederlande, Schweden und Vereinigtes Königreich. Herausgearbeitet werden auf Grundlage des Forschungsstands die jeweiligen länderspezifischen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und Ausprägungen von Crowdwork sowie zentrale Befunde zu Kompetenzentwicklung der Crowdworker. Vertiefend werden in einem zweiten Untersuchungsschritt 34 exemplarisch ausgewählte Crowdworkplattformen, die in einem der vier Länder angesiedelt sind oder transnational operieren und in den Untersuchungsländern aktiv sind, in ihren Grundstrukturen dargestellt; acht davon werden im Hinblick auf das Kompetenzentwicklungsangebot ausführlich analysiert. Auf der Grundlage einer detaillierten Literatur- und Datenrecherche gibt die Studie etliche Anhaltspunkte nicht nur für die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen rechtlichen und materiellen Ressourcen von Crowdworkern und den organisationalen und infrastrukturellen Begrenzungen und Möglichkeiten von formalisierter Weiterbildung, Lernen im unmittelbaren Arbeitszusammenhang und individueller Kompetenzentwicklung, sondern sie wirft auch den Blick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Wohlfahrtsregimen, Crowdwork und individueller Arbeitsmarktintegration und auf Karrieremöglichkeiten via Weiterbildung in und durch Crowdwork. Die Studie bietet sowohl für das dtec-Projekt CKoBeLeP als auch für die Crowdworkforschung eine umfassende und orientierende Analysefolie." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States (2024)
Zitatform
Baber, Ashley (2024): Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 723-743. DOI:10.1177/09500170221150087
Abstract
"Gig work – accessing job opportunities through an app – has brought renewed attention to precarious non-standard labour arrangements. Scholars have begun to consider the intermediary role that platforms such as Uber, Lyft and Doordash play in exploiting and controlling workers. Yet, literature on labour market intermediaries has muddied conceptions of their role, impact and outcomes for workers by lumping a variety of institutions under the same umbrella term. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical works throughout the temporary help and gig industries, this article proposes a reconceptualisation of labour market intermediaries as labour market engineers highlighting four mutually reinforcing features. This sociological reconceptualisation updates the understanding of for-profit labour market intermediaries by demonstrating the market making behaviours of firms of on-demand labour in the US context. Likewise, this reconceptualisation notes how gig firms have adapted and expanded these features in ways that increase precarity for workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance for platform workers: Challenges and approaches from a comparative perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Barrio, Alberto (2024): Unemployment insurance for platform workers: Challenges and approaches from a comparative perspective. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 251-265. DOI:10.1177/13882627241267989
Abstract
"This contribution presents an overview of the challenges involved in ensuring that persons performing platform work (as either employees, self-employed, or in a third category) are able to effectively access unemployment insurance protection. It also addresses the specific approaches taken by European countries to tackle these challenges, relying especially on the contributions to this special issue on unemployment protection for the self-employed and platform workers. After presenting a brief definition of platform work, the contribution provides an overview of the main challenges linked to unemployment protection insurance posed by the features of platform work; we use primarily the Council Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed as an evaluative framework. These challenges relate to both formal exclusion (due to classification as self-employed or marginal work) and effective exclusion (due to difficulties meeting minimum work requirements and lack of transparency on algorithmic management and platform work). The contribution then analyses some of the main approaches taken by European countries to address such challenges. Actions targeting platform work comprise (a) employment status reclassification; (b) establishment of a presumption of an employment relationship; (c) the setting of requirements to inform on the use of algorithmic management; (d) facilitation of transparency on platform work information; and (e) exemption from formal social security coverage of some forms of (marginal) platform work. General approaches with consequences for the unemployment insurance protection of platform workers include the application of the same criteria for access to unemployment benefits across employment statuses, as well as greater leniency on these criteria for certain forms of non-standard work. The contribution ends with a conclusion, which highlights the main gaps in unemployment insurance protection for platform work, and discusses avenues for action regarding platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Investigating social protection amongst platform workers in Germany: forced individualisation, hybrid income generation and undesired regulation (2024)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian, Sabrina Glanz, Fabian Hoose & Serkan Topal (2024): Investigating social protection amongst platform workers in Germany: forced individualisation, hybrid income generation and undesired regulation. In: Journal of Social Policy, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1017/s0047279424000217
Abstract
"The social protection of platform workers is considered one of the most precarious features and political challenges of this new form of employment. Still, there have only been a few empirical investigations on this issue to date. This article presents an explorative empirical analysis of the social protection of platform workers in Germany – a conservative welfare regime with a strong link between standard employment and institutionalized social protection. On the basis of an online survey amongst 719 self-employed platform workers, we examine how different employment patterns correspond to institutionalized protection against sickness and old age. We empirically explore different protection types and analyse how they differ regarding working conditions in platform work and individual social policy preferences. Findings reveal that conditions of platform work and social protection as well as demands and regulatory preferences vary notably across different clusters of platform workers. Still, the vast majority votes against obligatory social insurances for platform workers and favors self-employment over dependent employment. Against this background, we discuss challenges for future attempts aiming at improving social protection for platform workers. This study adds to the literature by empirically exploring platform workers’ social protection and social policy preferences, which have been overlooked to date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Casualization of work, free riding and institutional distrust: Explaining social protection preferences of platform workers in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian, Fabian Hoose, Lara Obereiner & Serkan Topal (2024): Casualization of work, free riding and institutional distrust: Explaining social protection preferences of platform workers in Germany. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 225-247. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2023-0024
Abstract
"The social protection of platform workers is widely recognized as a major political challenge but remains vastly understudied. The few existing investigations focus on social protection coverage and the employment status of platform workers, while their social protection preferences remain a black box to date. In this article, we investigate the social protection preferences of platform workers using a mixed methods design based on an online survey (n = 719) and qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 20) with self-employed platform workers in Germany. While the quantitative data indicate that the vast majority of respondents reject compulsory social insurance contributions for platform workers and favour self-employment over dependent employment, the qualitative interviews reveal three main types of explanations for this regulation aversion in different segments of platform work: The casualization of work in the platform economy, free riding on protection derived from ‘regular ’ employment and distrust in established welfare state institutions. Against this background, we discuss challenges for social policies aiming at improving social protection for platform workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Technologies and Firms' Employment and Training (2024)
Zitatform
Caselli, Mauro, Edwin Fourrier-Nicolai, Andrea Fracasso & Sergio Scicchitano (2024): Digital Technologies and Firms' Employment and Training. (CESifo working paper 11056), München, 63 S.
Abstract
"This study examines the causal influence of digital technologies, specifically operational (ODT) and information digital technologies (IDT), on firms' employment structure using Italian firm-level data. It employs a unique empirical approach, constructing instrumental variables based on predetermined employment composition and global technological progress, proxied by patents. Findings indicate that IDT investment positively affects employment, favoring a skilled, IT-competent workforce, as supported by firms' training and recruitment plans. Conversely, ODT investment does not significantly alter total employment but skews the workforce towards temporary contracts. The study contributes methodologically by distinguishing between ODT and IDT and highlighting nuanced employment dynamics within firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation von Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt? (Podium) (2024)
Dauth, Wolfgang ; Solms, Anna; Grienberger, Katharina; Lehmer, Florian ; Moritz, Michael ; Müller, Steffen ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Plümpe, Verena; Falck, Oliver ; Bauer, Anja ; Sonnenburg, Anja; Janser, Markus ; Schneemann, Christian ; Diegmann, André ; Matthes, Britta ; Solms, Anna;Zitatform
Dauth, Wolfgang & Michael Moritz; Katharina Grienberger, Florian Lehmer, Steffen Müller, Bernd Fitzenberger, Verena Plümpe, Oliver Falck, Anja Bauer, Anja Sonnenburg, Markus Janser, Christian Schneemann, André Diegmann, Britta Matthes & Anna Solms (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2024): Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation von Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt? (Podium). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.05.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240506.01
Abstract
"Was bedeuten die absehbaren Transformationsprozesse der kommenden Jahrzehnte auf regionaler Ebene und wie können sie gemeistert werden? Antworten auf diese Fragen gab der IWH/IAB-Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik, der in diesem Jahr erstmals am IAB in Nürnberg stattfand." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Dauth, Wolfgang ; Grienberger, Katharina; Lehmer, Florian ; Moritz, Michael ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Janser, Markus ; Schneemann, Christian ; Diegmann, André ; Matthes, Britta ; -
Literaturhinweis
Robots, occupations, and worker age: A production-unit analysis of employment (2024)
Zitatform
Deng, Liuchun, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe & Jens Stegmaier (2024): Robots, occupations, and worker age: A production-unit analysis of employment. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 170, 2024-10-10. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104881
Abstract
"We analyze the impact of robot adoption on employment composition using novel micro data on robot use of German manufacturing plants linked with social security records and data on job tasks. Our task-based model predicts more favorable employment effects for the least routine-task intensive occupations and for young workers, the latter being better at adapting to change. An event-study analysis for robot adoption confirms both predictions. We do not find decreasing employment for any occupational or age group but churning among low-skilled workers rises sharply. We conclude that the displacement effect of robots is occupation-biased but age neutral whereas the reinstatement effect is age-biased and benefits young workers most." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige: Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven (2024)
Depperschmidt, Rina; Matton, Heleen; Probst, Pia; Pongratz, Hans;Zitatform
Depperschmidt, Rina, Heleen Matton, Hans Pongratz & Pia Probst (2024): Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige. Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 33, H. 1-2, S. 3-27. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2024-0002
Abstract
"Plattformarbeit ist für Solo-Selbstständige zu einem wichtigen Erwerbszugang geworden. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde noch wenig untersucht, obwohl der Forschungsstand für beide Erwerbsformen ähnliche Bedingungen ausweist. Mittels einer qualitativen Befragung haben wir die Plattformerfahrungen von 20 Solo-Selbstständigen aus drei Berufsfeldern in vergleichender Perspektive analysiert: Yoga-Lehrer*innen, Sprachlehrer*innen und Creator*innen von Inhalten für die sozialen Medien. Trotz verschiedener Formen der Nutzung von Plattformdiensten sind die Resultate ähnlich: Für kleinere Zusatzeinnahmen ist beträchtlicher Aufwand erforderlich, aber Tools und Informationsangebote der Plattformen machen Arbeitserleichterungen möglich. Die Solo-Selbstständigen erleben viele der aus der Plattformforschung bekannten Abhängigkeiten und verschärften Konkurrenzbedingungen auf Online-Märkten. Nur für wenige Creator*innen führt Plattformarbeit aus einer prekären Selbstständigkeit heraus. Der Beitrag plädiert dafür, die beiden Forschungsfelder stärker zu verbinden und mit institutionellen Absicherungen des solo-selbstständigen Erwerbs auch die Bedingungen von Plattformarbeit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Gig work as migrant work: The platformization of migration infrastructure (2024)
Zitatform
Doorn, Niels van & Darsana Vijay (2024): Gig work as migrant work: The platformization of migration infrastructure. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1129-1149. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211065049
Abstract
"With markets concentrating predominantly in and around large cities, gig platforms across the globe seem to depend as much on the cheap labor of migrants and minorities as on investment capital and permissive governments. Accordingly, we argue that there is an urgent need to center migrant experiences and the role of migrant labor in gig economy research, in order to generate a better understanding of how gig work offers certain opportunities and challenges to migrants with a variety of backgrounds and skill levels. To fill this research gap, this article examines why migrant workers in Berlin, Amsterdam, and New York take up platform labor and how they incorporate it into their everyday lives and migration trajectories. Additionally, it considers the extent to which gig platforms are emerging as actors in the political economy of migration, as a result of how they absorb migrant labor and mediate migrant mobilities. We move beyond the existing parameters of gig economy research by engaging with two strands of literature on migration and migrant labor that, we feel, are particularly useful for framing our analysis: the autonomy of migration approach and the migration infrastructures perspective. Combining these conceptual lenses enables us not only to critically situate migrant gig workers’ experiences but also to identify a broader development: the platformization of low-wage labor markets that are an integral component of migration infrastructures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wishing for More: Technological Change, the Rise of Involuntary Part-Time Employment and the Role of Active Labour Market Policies (2024)
Zitatform
Doorn, Lars Van & Olaf van Vliet (2024): Wishing for More: Technological Change, the Rise of Involuntary Part-Time Employment and the Role of Active Labour Market Policies. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, H. 3, S. 751-771. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000629
Abstract
"Technological change has squeezed the demand for middle-skill jobs, which typically involve routine-intense tasks. This squeeze has coincided with an increase in the number of part-time working individuals who wish to work more hours. We argue that these two trends are linked. Due to the decline of middle-skill employment, medium-educated workers shift into low-skill employment, increasing the supply of labor for jobs in this segment of the labor market. This pushes those dependent on these jobs to accept part-time jobs, even if these involve fewer hours than they prefer. To empirically assess this claim, we analyze involuntary part-time employment across 16 European countries between 1999 and 2010. Our analysis confirms that a decline in middle-skill employment is associated with an increase in involuntary part-time employment at the bottom end of the labor market. This finding implies that the automation of routine-intense labour worsens employment possibilities in this segment of the labor market. However, we show that training and job creation schemes mitigate this effect. These programs cushion competition either by providing medium-educated workers with the necessary skills to shift into high-skill jobs or by increasing employment possibilities. Thus, governments have the tools to support workers facing challenges in the knowledge economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitsrisiken und Prävention in der digitalen Arbeitswelt - Technostress, Ergonomie und Unfallsicherheit (2024)
Zitatform
Dragano, Nico (2024): Gesundheitsrisiken und Prävention in der digitalen Arbeitswelt - Technostress, Ergonomie und Unfallsicherheit. In: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, Jg. 74, H. 36-37, S. 30-35.
Abstract
"Der Einsatz digitaler Technologien im Arbeitskontext soll Arbeit besser organisieren, sie effizienter und sicherer machen. Gleichzeitig wachsen damit auch die Potenziale für psychische und physische Belastungen, die eine Diskussion über Technikfolgenabschätzung erfordern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of automation in the apparel and automotive sectors and their gender dimensions (2024)
Fana, Marta ; Tejani, Sheeba; Kucera, David; Esquivel, Valeria ; Bárcia De Mattos, Fernanda; Anzolin, Guendalina;Zitatform
Fana, Marta, Fernanda Bárcia De Mattos, Valeria Esquivel, Guendalina Anzolin, David Kucera & Sheeba Tejani (2024): The effects of automation in the apparel and automotive sectors and their gender dimensions. (JRC science for policy report 136639), Brüssel, 66 S.
Abstract
"This report is the final output of a research project investigating the effects of automation on employment in the automotive, apparel and footwear industries in five countries, namely Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Romania, and Spain. The main objective of this project has been to improve our understanding of how ongoing processes of technological upgrading, particularly automation, impact women's and men's employment and work in these industries. Our findings suggest that, in the short term, close to the introduction of new automation technology, the impact on employment takes the form of reassignment of workers directly involved in automated processes to other positions, tasks, and occupations. This study also explored the impact of automation in terms of work organization and working conditions. Across the case studies, it emerged that the adoption of automation technologies has reduced heavy and repetitive tasks and improved health and safety for workers directly concerned by automation. Another interesting and related common finding is the reduction of workers' autonomy who are now subject to more standardization of tasks together with an ongoing process of deskilling of operators. Finally, in the apparel and footwear sector, we did not find evidence of defeminisation at the establishment level as well as the automotive factories remains highly male-dominated. Cultural norms and stereotypes which influence not only the jobs women and men apply to and get hired for, but also which training and education they engage in, contribute to this gender segregation in both sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job Satisfaction and the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Autonomy (2024)
Zitatform
Fleischer, Julia & Camilla Wanckel (2024): Job Satisfaction and the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Autonomy. In: Review of Public Personnel Administration, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 431-452. DOI:10.1177/0734371X221148403
Abstract
"Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gig-Work bei Lieferdiensten in Deutschland: Beschäftigung hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen (2024)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin, Ines Helm, Ramona Jost, Julia Lang & Christoph Müller (2024): Gig-Work bei Lieferdiensten in Deutschland: Beschäftigung hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. In: IAB-Forum H. 03.04.2024, 2024-03-28. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240403.01
Abstract
"Die Fahrer*innen von App-basierten Lieferdiensten sind auch in Deutschland aus dem Stadtbild nicht mehr wegzudenken. Gleichzeitig wird in der Öffentlichkeit kontrovers über die Arbeitsbedingungen in der sogenannten Plattform-Ökonomie diskutiert. Das IAB untersucht nun erstmals das Wachstum und die Struktur dieser Beschäftigungsform sowie die individuellen Merkmale der abhängig Beschäftigten bei zehn großen App-basierten Lieferdiensten in Deutschland. Fast die Hälfte dieser Menschen ist geringfügig beschäftigt und ihr Einkommen ist geringer als in vergleichbaren Helferberufen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gig-work in the German delivery-services sector: Employment has increased significantly in recent years (2024)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin, Ramona Jost, Julia Lang & Christoph Müller (2024): Gig-work in the German delivery-services sector: Employment has increased significantly in recent years. In: IAB-Forum H. 08.07.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.202407.01
Abstract
"Die Fahrer*innen von App-basierten Lieferdiensten sind auch in Deutschland aus dem Stadtbild nicht mehr wegzudenken. Gleichzeitig wird in der Öffentlichkeit kontrovers über die Arbeitsbedingungen in der sogenannten Plattform-Ökonomie diskutiert. Das IAB untersucht nun erstmals das Wachstum und die Struktur dieser Beschäftigungsform sowie die individuellen Merkmale der abhängig Beschäftigten bei zehn großen App-basierten Lieferdiensten in Deutschland. Fast die Hälfte dieser Menschen ist geringfügig beschäftigt und ihr Einkommen ist geringer als in vergleichbaren Helferberufen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Balancing Act: the role of digital platforms in shaping the conditions of creative work (2024)
Gardiner, Drew;Zitatform
Gardiner, Drew (2024): Balancing Act: the role of digital platforms in shaping the conditions of creative work. (ILO working paper / International Labour Organization 123), Geneva, 49 S. DOI:10.54394/jduj2404
Abstract
"The platformization of the creative industry has fundamentally transformed the landscape of creative work. This working paper examines the impact of digital platforms on creative workers, focusing on the dichotomy between platform control and worker autonomy. It focuses on both conventional artistic occupations like musicians and photographers as well as “new” professions like bloggers and podcasters. Although social media and streaming platforms have democratized access to global audiences and fostered unprecedented creativity, they also pose significant challenges. The precarious nature of platform-based work, characterized by irregular income, lack of job security, and the concentration of power in a few dominant platforms, or gatekeepers, raises concerns about exploitative practices and the stifling of creativity. This paper calls into question the performative nature of platform algorithms and governance structures to actively shape and influence the behaviour of creative workers, social norms and market dynamics through their design and operational logic. The paper advocates for comprehensive policies and strategies to harness the benefits of creative platforms while mitigating their downsides, ensuring fair compensation, protecting intellectual property rights, and promoting a sustainable and inclusive digital creative economy. Future research should explore definitions and measurements of creative workers on platforms, the long-term impact of platformization, and the transformative potential of artificial intelligence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Challenges and potentials of evaluating platform work against established job-quality measures (2024)
Zitatform
Gundert, Stefanie & Janine Leschke (2024): Challenges and potentials of evaluating platform work against established job-quality measures. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 696-718., 2023-06-08. DOI:10.1177/0143831X231199891
Abstract
"Working conditions in platform work are often, yet rarely explicitly, assessed according to criteria similar to those applied to the quality of jobs outside the gig economy. In this article the authors argue that future research would benefit from analytical schemes that enable a systematic analysis of working conditions in platform work. They discuss the advantages and challenges of applying existing job-quality frameworks to platform work and present a suggestion for modifications that consider the particularities of platform work. The use of such a novel analytical framework could help systematise evidence from qualitative research, promote the heretofore rare initiatives of quantitative representative data collection, and inspire theoretical developments at the interface of job quality and platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformarbeit: Herausforderungen im deutschsprachigen Kontext (2024)
Zitatform
Haas, Barbara, Dominik Klaus & Maddalena Lamura (Hrsg.) (2024): Plattformarbeit: Herausforderungen im deutschsprachigen Kontext. (Arbeitsgesellschaft im Wandel), Weinheim: Beltz Juventa, 217 S.
Abstract
"In Zeiten der Digitalisierung verändern sich auch die Erwerbsmöglichkeiten fundamental. Onlinevermittelte Plattformarbeit bietet sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Aktuelle Theorien und Entwicklungen für analog oder digital durchgeführte Tätigkeiten werden für den deutschsprachigen Raum erklärt. Empirische Fallstudien können anhand von Interviews und Umfragen zeigen, wie sich die Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen aus Sicht der Erwerbstätigen konkret gestalten. Diskutiert werden Fragen der Prekarisierung und Gesundheit genauso wie sozialpolitische Optionen und rechtliche Ansätze auf EU-Ebene." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Advertising in Online Labor Markets: A Signal of Freelancer Quality? (2024)
Hannane, Jonas;Zitatform
Hannane, Jonas (2024): Advertising in Online Labor Markets: A Signal of Freelancer Quality? (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2087), Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"Freelancers face cold-start problems in online labor markets: getting hired is very difficult without ratings, while obtaining a rating is impossible unless already having been hired. According to economic theory and empirical evidence, advertising can serve as a signal of product quality for experience goods. As such, advertising might help skilled new freelancers without reputation on a platform to obtain a first job, by providing a quality signal to employers. This study empirically explores the role of advertising in online labor markets using transactional data from a major platform. While indeed newer freelancers tend to advertise, I find that buyers dislike ads once I control for the increased visibility of ads. This negative effect is amplified for new and unrated freelancers compared to already rated freelancers. Furthermore, I find that new freelancers who advertise do not perform significantly better in the long-run compared to similar freelancers who do not advertise. Taken together, my results contrast the hypotheses derived from signaling models of advertising." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Generative Künstliche Intelligenz reduziert Nachfrage nach Freelance-Arbeit auf Online-Plattformen (2024)
Zitatform
Hannane, Jonas, Ozge Demirci & Xinrong Zhu (2024): Generative Künstliche Intelligenz reduziert Nachfrage nach Freelance-Arbeit auf Online-Plattformen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 91, H. 35, S. 539-545. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2024-35-1
Abstract
"Einführung generativer KI birgt das Potenzial für höheres Wirtschaftswachstum, stellt. Arbeitnehmer*innen aber auch vor große Herausforderungen • Auftragszahlen auf Online-Arbeitsmärkten zeigen: Nachfrage nach leicht automatisierbaren Tätigkeiten bleibt deutlich hinter der nach anderen Tätigkeiten zurück. Auftragszahlen für leicht ersetzbare Arbeiten wie Schreib- oder Grafikarbeiten sind aufgrund der Einführung generativer KI bis zu 30 Prozent zurückgegangen. Bei verbleibenden Aufträgen steigen die Anforderungen, also die Komplexität der Aufträge – sie werden zugleich aber auch besser dotiert. Weiter- und Fortbildungsmaßnahmen unerlässlich – insbesondere für Frauen und Ältere, die KI deutlich weniger am Arbeitsplatz nutzen als Männer und Jüngere." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Basiswissen BWL: New Work (2024)
Hillebrecht, Steffen;Zitatform
Hillebrecht, Steffen (2024): Basiswissen BWL: New Work. In: Das Wirtschaftsstudium, Jg. 53, H. 3, S. 227-228.
Abstract
"New Work ist das Bemühen, Arbeit anders als bislang zu organisieren, anders mit ihr umzugehen und ihr neuen Sinn zu verleihen. (vgl. Väth, S.41 ff.; vgl. Rehfeld). Der Begriff reflektiert zugleich die neuen Anforderungen, die sich durch die neue Arbeitswelt, insbesondere durch die Globalisierung, die Digitalisierung, neue Arten der Zusammenarbeit und durch die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ergeben. Richtig umgesetzt kann New Work zu einem Kulturwandel im Unternehmen führen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku, © Lange Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Entgelte von sog. UGC-Plattformen für künstlerisch/publizistische Leistungen und deren Einbeziehung in die Künstlersozialabgabe (2024)
Zitatform
Hoose, Fabian & Sophie Rosenbohm (2024): Entgelte von sog. UGC-Plattformen für künstlerisch/publizistische Leistungen und deren Einbeziehung in die Künstlersozialabgabe. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 640), Berlin, 60 S.
Abstract
"User-Generated-Content-Plattformen (UGC-Plattformen), zu denen bekannte Social-Media Plattformen zählen, gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese sind fester Bestandteil der Mediennutzung und stellen wichtige Wirtschaftsakteure dar. Ihr Geschäftsmodell beruht darin, Werbeplätze zu vermarkten, wobei jedoch der mit Werbung verknüpfte Content nicht selbst produziert wird. Dies erfolgt durch Plattform-Nutzer*innen und hat sich zu einem Feld selbstständiger Erwerbsarbeit entwickelt. Damit rückt die Frage in den Fokus, ob die plattformseitige Verwertung von künstlerisch/publizistischen Leistungen durch eine Gesetzesänderung umfassend in die Abgabepflicht im Sinne des Künstlersozialversicherungsgesetzes (KSVG) einbezogen werden sollte, selbst wenn die betreffenden Plattformen ihren Sitz im Ausland haben. Der für eine Beurteilung dieser Frage relevante Informationsstand zum Volumen hinsichtlich der Verwertung künstlerisch-publizistischer Leistung durch bzw. auf Plattformen ist jedoch verbesserungsbedürftig. Diese Studie erweitert das Verständnis über die Monetarisierung von User-Generated-Content und analysiert die Vergütungs- und Auszahlungsmodelle der Plattformen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
"Künstliche Künstliche Intelligenz": Gigging auf Amazons Plattform Mechanical Turk (2024)
Zitatform
Kassem, Sarrah (2024): "Künstliche Künstliche Intelligenz". Gigging auf Amazons Plattform Mechanical Turk. In: Prokla, Jg. 54, H. 217, S. 627-649. DOI:10.32387/prokla.v54i217.2158
Abstract
"In diesem Artikel geht es um die Entfremdung der Arbeiter*innen bei Amazons Mechanical Turk (MTurk), die hinter ihren Bildschirmen monotone und sich wiederholende Mikroaufgaben erledigen. Angesichts verschiedener »virtueller Fließbänder«, die weltweit Daten produzieren, kann ihre Arbeit für das maschinelle Lernen im Besonderen und die Künstliche Intelligenz im Allgemeinen genutzt werden. Die Beschäftigung mit diesen Arbeiter*innen und ihrer Arbeit ist zentral für die allgemeinen gegenwärtigen und künftigen technologischen Entwicklungen, die zwangsläufig ihre eigenen Auswirkungen mit sich bringen werden – einschließlich der wachsenden und zentralen Rolle von Algorithmen bei der Verwaltung der Arbeitswelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot)
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Literaturhinweis
KI-Kompetenzen gefragt: Studie zeigt tendenziell steigende Nachfrage in Stellenanzeigen (Interview) (2024)
Zitatform
Keitel, Christiane; Michael Stops & Lennert Peede (interviewte Person) (2024): KI-Kompetenzen gefragt: Studie zeigt tendenziell steigende Nachfrage in Stellenanzeigen (Interview). In: IAB-Forum H. 27.11.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20241127.01
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren gab es eine Vielzahl von Innovationen im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI). Die öffentliche Debatte schwankt zwischen der Befürchtung, dass viele Tätigkeiten künftig nicht mehr von Menschen erledigt werden und Arbeitsplätze wegfallen, und der Hoffnung, dass neue Tätigkeitsfelder und damit eine neue Qualität von Arbeit entstehen. In einer Studie untersuchen die IAB-Forscher Michael Stops und Lennert Peede unter anderem anhand einer Analyse von Stellenanzeigen aus den Jahren 2015 bis 2019, wie sich KI-Technologien in dieser frühen Phase bereits auf die Arbeitsnachfrage und die Beschäftigung auf Betriebsebene auswirkten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Caring in the Gig Economy: A Relational Perspective of Decent Work (2024)
Zitatform
Khan, Maria Hameed, Jannine Williams, Penny Williams & Robyn Mayes (2024): Caring in the Gig Economy: A Relational Perspective of Decent Work. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 1107-1127. DOI:10.1177/09500170231173586
Abstract
"The rapidly expanding gig economy has been criticized for creating precarious and indecent working conditions. These critiques draw on decent work debates centred on employment classification, regulation and platform fairness, with less focus on the interactions between workers, platforms and clients, which are central to the experience of platform-mediated work. This article adopts a worker-centric relational perspective to explore decent work in the gig economy. Drawing on the experiences of workers in platform-mediated domestic care work, the insights from this study highlight the importance of social interactions and relationships, using an ethics of care lens, to elucidate how relational aspects shape workers' experiences. The findings reveal platform workers centre mutuality of interests, responsiveness and reciprocity, attentiveness and solidarity to maintain a balance of care (care-for-self and care-for-others) when negotiating platform-mediated care work. This article contributes relationality as a key dimension of decent work currently overlooked in studies exploring gig work arrangements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial Intelligence and Worker Stress: Evidence from Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Koch, Michael & Magnus Lodefalk (2024): Artificial Intelligence and Worker Stress: Evidence from Germany. (Working Papers / Örebro University, School of Business 2024,5), Örebro, 38 S.
Abstract
"We use individual survey data providing detailed information on stress, technology adoption, and work, worker, and employer characteristics, in combination with recent measures of AI and robot exposure, to investigate how new technologies affect worker stress. We find a persistent negative relationship, suggesting that AI and robots could reduce the stress level of workers. We furthermore provide evidence on potential mechanisms to explain our findings. Overall, the results provide suggestive evidence of modern technologies changing the way we perform our work in a way that reduces stress and work pressure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mehr als nur ein Zeitvertreib: Arbeitsorientierungen und Erwerbsprojekte von Plattformarbeitenden (2024)
Zitatform
Kramer, Paul-Fiete (2024): Mehr als nur ein Zeitvertreib. Arbeitsorientierungen und Erwerbsprojekte von Plattformarbeitenden. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 338 S.
Abstract
"Plattformarbeit wird nicht zuletzt aufgrund der oft prekären Erwerbsbedingungen nur der Stellenwert eines (zeitweisen) Nebenerwerbs oder eines bezahlten Hobbys zugesprochen. Gleichzeitig zeichnen sich auf Seiten der Plattformarbeitenden vielfältige Interessenlagen und Erwerbskonstellationen ab, die über derartige Motive und Funktionen der Plattformarbeit hinausweisen. Die vorliegende Studie fragt ausgehend davon nach den längerfristigen erwerbsbezogenen Interessen und Strategien von Plattformarbeitenden und untersucht deren individuelle Ausgestaltung der Erwerbsprojekte. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Plattformarbeit teils langfristiger Bestandteil solo-selbstständiger Erwerbsprojekte ist und die Umsetzung individueller arbeitsbezogener Ansprüche ermöglicht; prekäre Erwerbsbedingungen werden dabei teils bewusst in Kauf genommen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Predictability and transparency of working conditions for food delivery platform workers across selected EU countries (2024)
Zitatform
Leschke, Janine & Laura Scheele (2024): Predictability and transparency of working conditions for food delivery platform workers across selected EU countries. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 4, S. 638-657. DOI:10.1111/spol.13038
Abstract
"While prior research has demonstrated the poor and unpredictable working conditions and ambiguous working arrangements characteristic of platform-based food delivery, we lack research on the question of how well these workers are informed about essential aspects of their work, including protection of their rights, working time and schedules, and earnings. Comprehensive and transparent information on working conditions at an early stage is indispensable if workers are to be able to make informed decisions on taking up work and, where relevant, investing in equipment and exercising rights linked to a specific job. Drawing on the multi-dimensional job quality literature, this article focuses on digital labour platforms in the food delivery sector across four countries: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. We exploit firm-level variations, including with regard to the types of work arrangements used and the application—or not—of collective agreements. We draw on information provided to riders during the application process prior to the start of employment, including via websites and FAQs, as well as scrutiny of contracts, service agreements and collective bargaining agreements, where relevant. This information is complemented with interviews with trade union representatives. Our findings point to the relationship between a firm's choice of employment status and form of contract, on one hand, and the predictability and transparency of information provided to workers, on the other. Differences and similarities in such information seem to be more strongly bound to firm-level decisions than to the welfare and industrial relations regimes in which the platform companies operate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk (2024)
Zitatform
Maffie, Michael David (2024): Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 63, H. 1, S. 59-79. DOI:10.1111/irel.12337
Abstract
"How do gig platforms prevent workers from defecting to a competitor? Drawing on 40 original interviews and survey data from 210 ride-hail drivers, the author finds that platform companies calibrate workers' exposure to market risk using gamified reward systems. These rewards protect compliant workers from changes in market conditions, raising the costs of accepting work from a competitor. Yet those who do not comply are “pushed” to the periphery, increasing their market risk. This article illustrates how platform companies can use their “visible hands” to harness and control market forces, shaping worker behavior within and across platforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coverage for platform workers and the self-employed in case of unemployment in Switzerland: Access to protection and ways of improvement (2024)
Zitatform
Magoga-Sabatier, Sabrine (2024): Coverage for platform workers and the self-employed in case of unemployment in Switzerland: Access to protection and ways of improvement. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 198-213. DOI:10.1177/13882627241256003
Abstract
"Whether they are self-employed, atypical employees, or self-employed using an umbrella company, there is still almost no social protection against unemployment or partial loss of activity in Switzerland for platform workers. The same can be said for the self-employed in general. This contribution shows that platform workers, irrespective of their exact legal status, and the self-employed in general, risk sanctions for taking on unsuitable work, for being insufficiently available for decent work or unable to prove a loss of income. However hard they try, they cannot even contribute to a voluntary unemployment insurance scheme. We show that the Swiss social protection scheme, a product of years of federal direct democracy, is hardly able to adapt to the fast-moving platform work environment, thus increasing the risks of precariousness and the burden on the cantons' social assistance for the next generation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Platform cooperatives and the dilemmas of platform worker-member participation (2024)
Zitatform
Mannan, Morshed & Simon Pek (2024): Platform cooperatives and the dilemmas of platform worker-member participation. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 219-237. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.12273
Abstract
"Despite the surge of interest in platform cooperatives, we have a limited understanding of the dynamics of platform worker-member participation in these cooperatives. Drawing on interviews with 21 senior leaders and founders of platform worker cooperatives, we investigate the dynamics of platform worker-member participation, finding that these cooperatives experience some successes and many challenges. We then build theory about how four distinct features of platform worker cooperatives—the facilitation of multihoming, the physically untethered nature of work, the relatively high importance of scale as a strategic imperative, and the relatively low importance of initial platform worker-member investment—influence these participation dynamics. We find that the platform and worker cooperative organisational models are in tension with one another when brought together within a platform worker cooperative, leading to positive and negative effects on participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Essays on institutions in health care and labor markets (2024)
Müller-Rehm, Rebekka;Zitatform
Müller-Rehm, Rebekka (2024): Essays on institutions in health care and labor markets. (Untersuchungen zur Wirtschaftspolitik 145), Köln, 145 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Band der Untersuchungen zur Wirtschaftspolitik ist institutionellen Besonderheiten des Gesundheitswesens und von Arbeitsmärkten gewidmet. Gesundheits- und Arbeitsmärkte unterliegen aus guten Gründen einer stärkeren Regulierung als andere Märkte: Der Schutz von Patient*innen und Arbeitnehmer*innen genießt in unserer Gesellschaft hohe Priorität. Die Wirkung der Regulierung auf diesen Märkten zu verstehen, ist nicht zuletzt deshalb wichtig, weil sie in besonderem Maße von Entwicklungen betroffen sind, die sich der Kontrolle der politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen weitegehend entziehen, z.B. dem demografischen Wandel, dem technologischen Fortschritt und dem damit verbundenen Wandel hin zu einer Dienstleistungsökonomie. Im ersten Teil geht es um Plattformarbeit, das heißt um Arbeitsaufträge, die ortsunabhängig über digitale Plattformen abgewickelt werden. Da häufig die Befürchtung geäußert wird, dass Arbeitgeber Plattformarbeit nutzen, um Arbeitsmarktregulierung zu umgehen, liegt der Fokus auf dem Zusammenhang zwischen der Nachfrage nach Plattformarbeit und der Stärke des Kündigungsschutzes in OECD-Staaten. Im zweiten Teil werden die Niederlassungsentscheidungen von Hausärzt*innen in unterversorgten Gebieten in Deutschland untersucht, wobei nach Geschlecht und zwischen Einzel- und Gemeinschaftspraxen differenziert wird. Auf dieser Grundlage werden zwei Regulierungsszenarien simuliert: eine Angleichung der Vergütung von für die Behandlung von gesetzlich- und privatversicherten Patient*innen und eine striktere Begrenzung der Zulassung in überversorgten Gebieten. Der dritte Teil ist unfreiwilliger Teilzeitarbeit gewidmet. In Zeiten konjunkturellen Abschwungs reduzieren viele Arbeitgeber in eher liberalen Arbeitsmärkten, wie in den USA und in Großbritannien, die Arbeitszeit ihrer Beschäftigten, was zu einem Anstieg unfreiwilliger Teilzeitarbeit führt. Das wirft die Fragen auf, ob die striktere Regulierung in Deutschland, die eine einseitige Reduzierung der Arbeitszeit durch den Arbeitgeber untersagt, einen solchen Anstieg unfreiwilliger Teilzeitbeschäftigung in konjunkturellen Abschwungphasen verhindert und wie die Regulierung die Marktanpassungsmechanismen verändert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Robots, meaning, and self-determination (2024)
Zitatform
Nikolova, Milena, Femke Cnossen & Boris Nikolaev (2024): Robots, meaning, and self-determination. In: Research Policy, Jg. 53, H. 5. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.104987
Abstract
"This paper is the first to examine the impact of robotization on work meaningfulness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential to motivation and well-being at work. Using surveys of workers and robotization data for 14 industries in 20 European countries spanning 2005–2021, we find a consistent negative impact of robotization on perceived work meaningfulness and autonomy. Using instrumental variables, we find that doubling robotization leads to a 0.9 % decrease in work meaningfulness and a 1 % decline in autonomy. To put this in perspective, if the robotization levels of the top 5 industry were to match those of the leading industry in terms of robot adoption in 2020 (equivalent to a 7.5-fold increase), it would result in a decline of 6.8 % in work meaningfulness and 7.5 % in autonomy. The link between robotization, competence, and relatedness is also negative but less robust. We also examine how tasks, skills, and socio-demographic characteristics moderate the main relationships. We find that workers with routine tasks experience an even greater negative effect of robotization in terms of declines in their autonomy, competence, and relatedness. However, we also discover that utilizing computers as tools for independent work can help workers maintain a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in industries and job roles that adopt robots. Our results highlight that by deteriorating work meaningfulness and self-determination, robotization can impact work life above and beyond its consequences for employment and wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stratified pathways into platform work: Migration trajectories and skills in Berlin's gig economy (2024)
Zitatform
Orth, Barbara (2024): Stratified pathways into platform work: Migration trajectories and skills in Berlin's gig economy. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 476-490. DOI:10.1177/0308518X231191933
Abstract
"Platform labour scholars have noted the prevalence of migrant workers in the gig economy. This paper builds on this research but interrogates the broad concept of 'migrant labour'. The study draws on biographical interviews with platform workers in grocery delivery and domestic work platforms in Berlin, Germany as well as expert interviews with union representatives, migrant organisations and white-collar platform company employees. Through an examination of the mobility strategies of platform workers in this subset of the platform economy, the study reveals a stratification of migrant trajectories and of skills needed to engage in platform work across different types of labour platforms. The study finds that platform companies draw on a workforce that consists of recently arrived young migrants with comparatively high education, language skills and digital literacy. Through close analysis of an understudied section of the gig economy, the paper contributes to the ongoing theorisation of the nexus of migration regimes and platform-mediated labour regimes. The findings complicate the notion of 'accessibility' of platform work and call for the inclusion of visa regimes, immigration categories and particular skill sets in future research on platform labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Boundary Work Tactics and Their Effects on Information and Communication Technology Use After Hours and Recovery (2024)
Zitatform
Reinke, Kathrin, Lisa Niederkrome & Sandra Ohly (2024): Boundary Work Tactics and Their Effects on Information and Communication Technology Use After Hours and Recovery. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 36-48. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000335
Abstract
"With an increasing use of work-related technologies after hours and mobile working, boundaries between work and personal life domains blur more and more, impairing recovery. Qualitative studies have shown that individuals use various boundary work tactics to actively manage their work–nonwork boundaries. However, it remains largely unknown how the use of such tactics contributes to recovery. This research differentiates types of availability-related boundary work tactics and organizes them according to their underlying motives: preventive, restrictive, and rejecting tactics. The results of a cross-sectional study (N = 249) and a validation study (N = 175) support the proposed motive-oriented structure of tactics and show differential prediction of psychological detachment and relaxation. Implications for practice and future research are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effects of AI-based technologies on employees’ work engagement: Implications for the human-centered design of digital work (2024)
Rick, Vera B.; Nitsch, Verena ; Dräger, Larissa; Stebner, Marie; Mertens, Alexander ; Franken, Annika;Zitatform
Rick, Vera B., Marie Stebner, Larissa Dräger, Annika Franken, Alexander Mertens & Verena Nitsch (2024): Effects of AI-based technologies on employees’ work engagement: Implications for the human-centered design of digital work. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 78, H. 3, S. 323-334. DOI:10.1007/s41449-024-00438-1
Abstract
"Ein wichtiges Ziel des regionalen Kompetenzzentrums AKzentE4.0 ist die Unterstützung von Unternehmen im Rheinischen Revier bei der menschengerechten Gestaltung ihrer digitalen Transformation auf Basis arbeitswissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse. Um evidenzbasierte Leitlinien für die menschengerechte Gestaltung von KI-gestützter Arbeit ableiten zu können, sind weitere Erkenntnisse darüber notwendig, wie sich der Einsatz von KI auf die Merkmale menschengerechter Arbeitsgestaltung auswirkt und wie sich dies von der Nutzung digitaler Technologien im Allgemeinen unterscheiden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Sekundäranalyse einer im Kontext von AKzentE4.0 durchgeführten Fragebogenstudie vorgenommen. Der analysierte Datensatz umfasste Rückmeldungen von N= 825 digitalen Informationsarbeitenden. Dabei wurden zwei zentrale Forschungsfragen untersucht: 1. Unterscheidet sich die Wahrnehmung des Arbeitsengagements zwischen Nutzenden von KI-Systemen und Nicht-Nutzenden? 2. Welche Merkmale der menschengerechten Arbeitsgestaltung sagen das Arbeitsengagement bei der Arbeit mit KI voraus und gibt es Unterschiede im Vergleich zu denjenigen, die nicht mit KI arbeiten? Praktische Relevanz: Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass eine menschzentrierte und menschengerechte Gestaltung KIgestützter Arbeit insbesondere auf die Bereitstellung sinnvoller Aufgaben für die Beschäftigten, die Unterstützung durch Vorgesetzte und die Wahrung der Autonomie der Beschäftigten ausgerichtet sein sollte. Insbesondere der Aspekt der sinnvollen Arbeit kann durch die Technik gefährdet werden. Damit KI-Systeme am Arbeitsplatz gesundheitserhaltend und lernförderlich wirken können, sollte bereits bei ihrer Entwicklung darauf geachtet werden, dass sie die Arbeit gezielt unterstützen und nicht ersetzen sowie sinnvolle Arbeitsaufgaben fördern. Zudem sollten die Beschäftigten mit Unterstützung ihrer Vorgesetzten auch die Möglichkeit haben, über den Einsatz und die Nutzung von KI-Systemen selbst zu bestimmen, um eine größere Autonomie und Handlungsfähigkeit zu erhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market institutions and technology-induced labor adjustment along the extensive and intensive margins (2024)
Rujin, Svetlana;Zitatform
Rujin, Svetlana (2024): Labor market institutions and technology-induced labor adjustment along the extensive and intensive margins. In: Journal of macroeconomics, Jg. 79. DOI:10.1016/j.jmacro.2023.103571
Abstract
"What is the composition of total hours response to a technology shock in countries with different labor market institutions in terms of extensive and intensive margin movements? To answer this question, I identify technology shocks using structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) and decompose the responses of hours into adjustments along the extensive and intensive margins. I compare the adjustments along the two margins between groups of countries with strict and flexible labor market institutions. I find that both margins play a large role in accommodating technology shocks, with adjustments along the intensive margin being more important. Furthermore, countries with flexible labor market institutions display a larger drop in employment, whereas the results for the intensive margin are mixed. Finally, the cross-country differences in fluctuations along the two margins can be linked to the strictness of institutions that target quantity and price adjustments in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nürnberger Gespräche: Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation? (Podium) (2024)
Schludi, Martin; Lötzsch, Markus; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Heilmaier, Andrea; Deckbar, Laura; Schnitzer, Monika ; Wallheinke, Anna; Niebuhr, Annekatrin ; König, Marcus; Gropp, Reint;Zitatform
Schludi, Martin, Anna Wallheinke & Laura Deckbar; Markus Lötzsch, Bernd Fitzenberger, Andrea Heilmaier, Monika Schnitzer, Annekatrin Niebuhr, Marcus König & Reint Gropp (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2024): Nürnberger Gespräche: Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation? (Podium). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.05.2024 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240506.02
Abstract
"Energiewende, Mobilitätswende, Digitalisierung, Künstliche Intelligenz: Die aktuellen Herausforderungen sind gewaltig. Die digitale und die ökologische Transformation setzen Staat und Unternehmen unter massiven Anpassungsdruck. Zugleich ist jede Region in unterschiedlicher Weise mit den Chancen und Risiken der Transformation konfrontiert. Resultieren daraus auch unterschiedliche regionale Anpassungsstrategien? Wie effektiv ist regionale Wirtschaftsförderung? Und führen die Transformationsprozesse zu einer Reorganisation von Wirtschaftsräumen? Diese und weitere Fragen diskutierten Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Regionalpolitik am 13. März dieses Jahres bei den „Nürnberger Gesprächen“." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization (2024)
Zitatform
Scholze, Alexander & Achim Hecker (2024): The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization. In: Computers in Human Behavior, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108177
Abstract
"With digitization continuing to reshape work environments, organizations must confront the challenges of comprehending its “bright side” and “dark side” effects. A growing imperative exists to comprehend how digitization affects employee well-being and to create sustainable health-centric workplaces. The established Job Demands-Resources model offers a pertinent theoretical framework for gaining fresh insights into alterations in job demands and resources caused by digitization. This study extends the Job Demands-Resources model to include digital job demands and resources by utilizing a sample of 898 white-collar employees. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to investigate digitization's interrelationships and dependencies within an organizational context. The results confirm that the Job Demands-Resources model offers a holistic approach to investigating the concrete effects of the “dark side" and “bright side" of digitization in a concrete work scenario and to classify them in a theoretically structured way. This study offers starting points for the future design of workplaces and strategies for organizations to harness the positive aspects of digitization while concurrently mitigating the psychological stress on employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Skill Specificity on High-Skill Online Gig Platforms: Same as in Traditional Labour Markets? (2024)
Zitatform
Slageren, Jaap van & Andrea M. Herrmann (2024): Skill Specificity on High-Skill Online Gig Platforms: Same as in Traditional Labour Markets? In: Social forces, Jg. 102, H. 4, S. 1332-1351. DOI:10.1093/sf/soad153
Abstract
"Political economists and labor sociologists alike have studied how the skill specificity of workers can be explained, as it significantly affects workers’ performance. However, the emergence of the gig economy may substantially change skill hiring and specificity in online labor markets because gig workers do not need formal educational credentials to offer their services. Instead, skills are “unbundled” from occupations, and platforms provide alternative ways to signal competencies, for example, via their rating and review systems. To shed light on the applicability of existing theories to explain the skill profiles of gig workers, we examine what predicts the skills hired in the online gig economy. Based on multilevel ordinal logistic regression analyses of 2336 gig worker profiles, we show that—as in traditional labor markets—gig workers with a vocational degree and longer online work experience are hired for more specific skills. However, national labor market institutions and educational systems affect the gig workers’ skill specificity in the opposite direction than in traditional labor markets. Our findings thus suggest that online gig platforms allow workers to overcome restrictions imposed by national institutions as they are hired for those skills in the online gig economy that are institutionally less facilitated in their home labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation and flexible labor contracts: Firm-level evidence from Italy (2024)
Traverso, Silvio; Zaninotto, Enrico; Vatiero, Massimiliano;Zitatform
Traverso, Silvio, Massimiliano Vatiero & Enrico Zaninotto (2024): Automation and flexible labor contracts: Firm-level evidence from Italy. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1425), Essen, 33 S.
Abstract
"This study examines the association between investments in automation technologies and employment outcomes at the firm level, utilizing a panel dataset of about 10,450 Italian firms. Focusing on the proliferation of non-standard, flexible labor contracts introduced by labor market reforms in the 2000s, we identify a positive relationship between automation investments and the adoption of flexible labor arrangements. With the aid of a conceptual framework, we interpret these findings as evidence of complementarity between flexible capital, represented by automation technologies, and flexible labor, manifested through non-standard contractual arrangements. This complementarity is crucial for enhancing operational flexibility, a critical determinant of firm performance in the modern market environment. However, while this adaptability is beneficial for firms, it raises concerns about job security, the potential for lower wages among workers, and the reduction of workers' incentives to invest in human capital. In terms of policy implications, our analysis underscores the need for measures that safeguard workers' interests without compromising the efficiency gains from automation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From efficiency to illness: do highly automatable jobs take a toll on health in Germany? (2024)
Zitatform
Vasiakina, Mariia & Christian Dudel (2024): From efficiency to illness: do highly automatable jobs take a toll on health in Germany? (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2024-041), Rostock, 30 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2024-041
Abstract
"Automation transforms work at a rapid pace, with gradually increasing shares of the workforce being at risk of replacement by machines. However, little is known about how this risk is affecting workers. In this study, we investigate the impact of exposure to a high risk of automation at work on the subjective (self-reported health, anxiety, and health satisfaction) and objective (healthcare use and sickness absence) health outcomes of workers in Germany. We base our analysis on survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and administrative data from the Occupational Panel for Germany (2013-2018). Employing panel regression, we demonstrate that for workers, exposure to a high risk of automation at the occupational level is associated with lower self-reported health and health satisfaction, increased sickness absence, and, depending on how the risk is measured, anxiety. No effect on healthcare use is found. Our heterogeneity analysis provides evidence that none of the analyzed demographic and occupational groups is disproportionally affected by high automation risk. We also conduct several robustness checks (i.e., alternative model specifications and risk measures with different thresholds), with the results remaining largely consistent with our main findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisation and workers wellbeing: The impact of digital technologies on work-related psychosocial risks (2024)
Vazquez, Ignacio Gonzalez ; Starren, Annick; Anyfantis, Ioannis; Brun, Emmanuelle; Curtarelli, Maurizio;Zitatform
Vazquez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Maurizio Curtarelli, Ioannis Anyfantis, Emmanuelle Brun & Annick Starren (2024): Digitalisation and workers wellbeing: The impact of digital technologies on work-related psychosocial risks. (JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology 2024,03), Sevilla, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the psychosocial risks associated with the digital transformation of work, focusing on the automation of tasks, digitalization of work processes, and the platformisation of work. It highlights that while automation and digitalization can offer ergonomic and occupational safety and health benefits, they may also diminish worker autonomy and increase mental health risks. The adoption of digital technologies can improve communication and engagement but may lead to intensified workloads and can incentivise an 'always-on' culture. Platform work, with its precarious employment conditions, can also exacerbate occupational safety and health risks. The paper also argues that the spread of platform-like worker monitoring and algorithmic management to traditional workplaces can exacerbate certain psychosocial risks. The paper confirms that addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that includes worker consultation, integration of OSH considerations from the design phase, and a holistic risk assessment that considers both technological and organizational contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor-capital relations on digital platforms: Organization, algorithmic discipline and the social factory again (2024)
Zitatform
Wang, June & Julia Tomassetti (2024): Labor-capital relations on digital platforms: Organization, algorithmic discipline and the social factory again. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13192
Abstract
"Digital platform labor and its complex relationship with capital have stirred scholarly inquiry, calling for a systemic review that bridges foundational theories and various currents of development. In this review, we revisit Marxist and autonomist Marxist theses on the changing nature of work in the platform economy. Following that, we review two major strands of studies on the organization of production at the macro level and labour control at the micro level, which have revealed variegated types of workplace fissuring and different techniques of algorithmic control over bodies. However, we argue that the path forward must transcend these boundaries. We call for a revival of the ‘social factory’ thesis to rekindle ‘networking’ as a way of understanding labor-capital relations on digital platforms. Our premise is that capital and labor mutually constitute the platform economy through their agency of networking the internet and ‘outernet’. We outline four key directions for future research based on this premise: networking with public elements, networking with market-driven elements, networking for financialization in the digital landscape, and networking for resistance. By reinvigorating the social factory approach, we aim to enrich scholarly understandings of labor-capital relations in the platform economy by articulating digital labor in a wider web of sociocultural, technical, political and economic relationships extending beyond and transcending the internet." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Work(Load)?: Gestaltungsansätze für selbstorganisierte Formen der Arbeitsorganisation (2023)
Ahlers, Elke;Zitatform
Ahlers, Elke (2023): New Work(Load)? Gestaltungsansätze für selbstorganisierte Formen der Arbeitsorganisation. (WSI Policy Brief / Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut 78), Düsseldorf, 15 S.
Abstract
"Ziel dieses Policy Briefs ist, die veränderten Arbeitskulturen der digitalen Arbeitswelt und die dadurch entstehenden Arbeitsbelastungen aufzuzeigen. Kapitel 2 gibt dazu einen einführenden Überblick. Im Anschluss daran wird auch das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Selbstorganisation, Eigenverantwortung, Leistung und den entstehenden sozialen und gesundheitlichen Risiken thematisiert (Kapitel 3). Darauf aufbauend werden passende Gestaltungsansätze Guter Arbeit (Kapitel 4) sowie ein partizipationsorientiertes Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (Kapitel 6) skizziert. Zusammenfassend werden in einem Fazit Gestaltungsnotwendigkeiten aufgezeigt" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mutualism, class composition, and the reshaping of worker organisation in platform work and the gig economy (2023)
Zitatform
Alberti, Gabriella & Simon Joyce (2023): Mutualism, class composition, and the reshaping of worker organisation in platform work and the gig economy. In: Global Labour Journal, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 220-235. DOI:10.15173/glj.v14i3.5332
Abstract
"This article contributes an understanding of mutualism as a foundational element in emergent worker collectivism. We challenge mainstream institutionalist accounts in industrial relations, especially from the Global North, that downplay processes of bottom-up regeneration of working-class organization. We discuss compositional accounts of class formation and examine previous understandings of mutualism, then apply our conceptual framework to evidence from international literature and our own research on platform work in Italy and the UK. Three important themes emerge in understanding worker self-organization: the demographics of the workforce, including migration backgrounds and social ties beyond the workplace; the existence of social relations in the ethnic/political/local community; and the relevance of free spaces of resource sharing and recomposition in the absence of a fixed place of work. We conclude that an understanding of mutualism can help to grasp emergent solidarities among new groups of workers within and beyond both platform work and trade unions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt? (2023)
Allmendinger, Jutta; Schroeder, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Allmendinger, Jutta & Wolfgang Schroeder (2023): Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt? In: J. Legrand, B. Linden & H.-J. Arlt (Hrsg.) (2023): Transformation und Emanzipation, S. 113-124. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-39911-5_10
Abstract
"Die Arrangements der Plattformökonomie stehen für eine weitreichende Transformation, an deren Ende sich das rechtliche und soziale Band der Erwerbsarbeit auflöst. Solange die Plattformarbeit eher ein Randphänomen bleibt, wird die regulierte Arbeitsgesellschaft nicht grundlegend infrage gestellt. Entwickelt sich dieses Phänomen aber in der heutigen Form ungezügelt weiter, werden unsere Prinzipien des Sozialversicherungsstaats bedroht. Die neuen Konstellationen von Beschäftigung, Managementstrategien und Interessenvertretung führen dann zu Veränderungen, die das etablierte Akteurs- und Institutionengefüge sprengen und sich herkömmlichen sozialpartnerschaftlichen Aushandlungsformen und politischer Regulierung entziehen. Eine Arbeitspolitik der Souveränität braucht Antworten, die den Kontext der Akteure und Institutionen stärkt. Davon wird es abhängen, ob die Freiheitspotenziale erschlossen werden können. Dafür gibt es Ansätze, wie die bald weltweit verortete Initiative von Fairwork zeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer)
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Literaturhinweis
Platform work, exploitation, and migrant worker resistance: Evidence from Berlin and London (2023)
Zitatform
Alyanak, Oğuz, Callum Cant, Tatiana López Ayala, Adam Badger & Mark Graham (2023): Platform work, exploitation, and migrant worker resistance: Evidence from Berlin and London. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 667-688. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.34
Abstract
"For migrant workers who do not have access to other means of income, the platform economy offers a viable yet exploitative alternative to the conventional labor market. Migrant workers are used as a source of cheap labor by platforms – and yet, they are not disempowered. They are at the heart of a growing platform worker movement. Across different international contexts, migrants have played a key role in leading strikes and other forms of collective action. This article traces the struggles of migrant platform workers in Berlin and London to explore how working conditions, work experiences, and strategies for collective action are shaped at the intersection of multiple precarities along lines of employment and migration status. Combining data collected through research by the Fairwork project with participant observation and ethnography, the article argues that migrant workers are more than an exploitable resource: they are harbingers of change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How new ways of working during COVID-19 affect employee well-being via technostress, need for recovery, and work engagement (2023)
Zitatform
Andrulli, Rémi & Ruud Gerards (2023): How new ways of working during COVID-19 affect employee well-being via technostress, need for recovery, and work engagement. In: Computers in Human Behavior, Jg. 139. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107560
Abstract
"COVID-19 led to a surge in employees experiencing New Ways of Working (NWW), as many had to work from home supported by ICT. This paper studies how experiencing NWW during COVID-19 affected job-related affective well-being (JAWS) for a sample of employees of the Dutch working population. Hypotheses are tested using Preacher and Hayes' (Behav Res Methods 40 (3):879–891, 2008) bootstrap method, including technostress, need for recovery and work engagement as serial mediators. The results show that higher levels of NWW relate to higher JAWS, to more feelings of positive well-being (PAWS), and less feelings of negative well-being (NAWS). Much of these relations is indirect, via reduced technostress and need for recovery, and increased work engagement. Distinguishing the separate facets of NWW and their relations to PAWS/NAWS, the results show that NWW facets management of output, access to colleagues and access to information directly relate to less negative well-being. However, as the NWW facet time- and location-independent work negatively relates to feelings of positive well-being, NWW as a bundle of facets is not a set-and-forget strategy. Therefore, this study recommends that NWW be supplemented with regular monitoring of employees' well-being, technostress, need for recovery and work engagement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Robotization Affect Job Quality?: Evidence from European Regional Labour Markets (2023)
Zitatform
Antón, José-Ignacio, Enrique Fernández-Macías & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2023): Does Robotization Affect Job Quality? Evidence from European Regional Labour Markets. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 233-256. DOI:10.1111/irel.12324
Abstract
"Whereas there are recent papers on the effect of robot adoption on employment and wages, there is no evidence on how robots affect non-monetary working conditions. We explore the impact of robot adoption on several domains of non-monetary working conditions in Europe over the period 1995–2005 combining information from the World Robotics Survey and the European Working Conditions Survey. In order to deal with the possible endogeneity of robot deployment, we employ an instrumental variables strategy, using the robot exposure by sector in other developed countries as an instrument. Our results indicate that robotization has a negative impact on the quality of work in the dimension of work intensity and no relevant impact on the domains of physical environment or skills and discretion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing Inclusivity Through Job Quality in Digital Plat‐Firms (2023)
Zitatform
Arcidiacono, Davide & Giorgio Piccitto (2023): Assessing Inclusivity Through Job Quality in Digital Plat‐Firms. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 4, S. 239-250. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i4.7043
Abstract
"A great deal of the literature has underlined how job quality is a key element in individual well-being. However, the rise in platform work challenges this issue, since not only do “plat-firms” play an increasingly important role in job matching, work organization, and industrial relations, but they also increase the risks of a poorly inclusive socio-technical system in terms of the quality of working conditions and accessibility. In this sense, the platform economy is intertwined with multiple forms of social exclusion by acting on pre-existing inequalities that stratify workers within the labor market. This is particularly true in Italy, a country with a strongly dualistic labor market, which leads to a remarkable gap between insider and outsider workers. Therefore, the goal of our analysis is to evaluate the impact of the platform model on job quality in the Italian context. This will be accomplished by adopting an integrated and multidimensional perspective through the application of the OECD Job Quality Framework. The analysis identifies how job quality is differently affected by the type of platform work involved in terms of creating differentiated patterns of social inclusion/exclusion in the case of platform workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technostress and Job Performance: Understanding the Negative Impacts and Strategic Responses in the Workplace (2023)
Atrian, Armita; Ghobbeh, Saleh;Zitatform
Atrian, Armita & Saleh Ghobbeh (2023): Technostress and Job Performance: Understanding the Negative Impacts and Strategic Responses in the Workplace. (arXiv papers), 13 S.
Abstract
"This study delves into the increasingly pertinent issue of technostress in the workplace and its multifaceted impact on job performance. Technostress, emerging from the rapid integration of technology in professional settings, is identified as a significant stressor affecting employees across various industries. The research primarily focuses on the ways in which technostress influences job performance, both negatively and positively, depending on the context and individual coping mechanisms. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including surveys and in-depth interviews, the study examines the experiences of employees from diverse sectors. It highlights how technostress manifests in different forms: from anxiety and frustration due to constant connectivity to the pressure of adapting to new technologies. The paper also explores the dual role of technology as both a facilitator and a hindrance in the workplace. Significant findings indicate that technostress adversely impacts job performance, leading to decreased productivity, diminished job satisfaction, and increased turnover intentions. However, the study also uncovers that strategic interventions, such as training programs, supportive leadership, and fostering a positive technological culture, can mitigate these negative effects. These interventions not only help in managing technostress but also in harnessing the potential of technology for enhanced job performance. Furthermore, the research proposes a model outlining the relationship between technostress, coping mechanisms, and job performance. This model serves as a framework for organizations to understand and address the challenges posed by technostress. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, particularly in exploring the long-term effects of technostress and the efficacy of various coping strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Same same but different: Perspektiven der Sozialpartnerschaft in der Plattformökonomie zwischen Atomisierung und Institutionalisierung (2023)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian & Fabian Hoose (2023): Same same but different: Perspektiven der Sozialpartnerschaft in der Plattformökonomie zwischen Atomisierung und Institutionalisierung. In: Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, Jg. 92, H. 4, S. 141-154. DOI:10.3790/vjh.2023.334394
Abstract
"The forms of work in the platform economy pose major challenges to established actors and institutions of industrial relations. Since platform work is performed beyond contractual ties and physical enterprises and is often part of volatile employment patterns on an individual level, it breaks with key features of regular employment. While previous research has mainly focused on empirical studies of institutionalization processes in food delivery services, this article has two aims: First, it identifies the structural challenges of industrial relations and collective interest representation in platform work and discusses conflicts, processes of (de)institutionalization and actor constellations. Second, based on an online survey amongst platform self-employed in Germany, it explores the problem perceptions and organizing preferences of this group of workers and the implications for future forms of collective labor regulation. The findings suggest considerable organizing potential, although the market and information power of platform companies is perceived uncritically by the majority. In the medium term, given the structural peculiarities of this area of employment, the collective regulation of platform work is likely to be characterized by general segmentation and selective institutionalization, and hence, follow the paths of the “analogue” working world." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coworking Atmospheres: On the Interplay of Curated Spaces and the View of Coworkers as Space-acting Subjects (2023)
Bernhardt, Alexandra;Zitatform
Bernhardt, Alexandra (2023): Coworking Atmospheres. On the Interplay of Curated Spaces and the View of Coworkers as Space-acting Subjects. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 475 S.
Abstract
"The study by Alexandra Bernhardt deals with coworking spaces and their atmospheres. In addition to a comprehensive consideration of the role of atmospheres, the special significance of community in the context of these work spaces is examined in more detail. Two case studies in urban coworking spaces form the core of the investigation, following a qualitative research design oriented towards ethnography and a plurality of methods. In the context of the analysis, on the one hand, what constitutes coworking in everyday life and thus the new communality at work is considered: relevant practices and rituals, spatial arrangements and atmospheres are elaborated in their composition. On the other hand, coworkers, their spatial actions, and the attitudes associated with them come into closer focus: It is shown how users access coworking spaces as work and community spaces and what role atmospheres play. In addition, social entities are highlighted that are taken up by coworkers in relation to their coworking space and that help shape everyday coworking space life. Tensions that arise from the coexistence of community and service logic are also uncovered, and how they are dealt with is examined in more detail." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Burnout im Homeoffice: Auswirkungen von Arbeitsanforderungen und Arbeitsressourcen im Homeoffice auf Burnout und Schlafqualität (2023)
Zitatform
Bogodistov, Yevgen, Jürgen Moormann & Mirjam Schweigkofler (2023): Burnout im Homeoffice: Auswirkungen von Arbeitsanforderungen und Arbeitsressourcen im Homeoffice auf Burnout und Schlafqualität. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 77, H. 3, S. 375-389. DOI:10.1007/s41449-023-00373-7
Abstract
"Die Zahl der Abwesenheiten von Mitarbeitenden aufgrund von Burnout steigt mit jedem Jahr weiter an. Gleichzeitig hat sich aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie der Trend zum Homeoffice als neue Arbeitsform massiv verstärkt. Für Unternehmen entsteht daraus die Notwendigkeit, ihre Mitarbeitenden darin zu unterstützen, mit diesen Veränderungen umzugehen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen von Arbeitsanforderungen (Job Demands) und Arbeitsressourcen (Job Resources) im Homeoffice auf Burnout und Schlafqualität untersucht. Die empirischen Ergebnisse, die mittels einer Online-Umfrage erhoben wurden, zeigen, dass die Arbeitsanforderungen zum Auftreten von persönlichem und arbeitsbezogenem Burnout beitragen, während die Arbeitsressourcen keinen Effekt auf die Linderung von Burnout haben. Die Studie zeigt zudem, dass ein arbeitsbezogener Burnout das Risiko eines persönlichen Burnouts erhöht. Persönlicher Burnout erhöht die Schlaflosigkeit, während arbeitsbezogener Burnout die Schlaflosigkeit nur indirekt beeinflusst. Arbeitsanforderungen und Arbeitsressourcen erhöhen die Schlafprobleme nicht direkt; allerdings verschärfen die Arbeitsanforderungen indirekt (über Burnout) die Schlaflosigkeit. Die in dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Ergebnisse bilden den Grundstein für zukünftige Studien zum Themenbereich Neue Arbeitsformen, Burnout und Schlafqualität." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Informal Work and Official Employment Statistics: What’s Missing? (2023)
Zitatform
Bracha, Anat & Mary A. Burke (2023): Informal Work and Official Employment Statistics: What’s Missing? (Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 2023-15), Boston, 59 S.
Abstract
"Using eight consecutive waves of the Survey of Informal Work Participation (SIWP) spanning 2015 through 2022, we investigate informal “gig” work participation in the United States— broadly defined to include online and offline activities—and its implications for the measurement of employment. Our results suggest that employment rates among US household heads were consistently understated in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Under conservative estimates, we find that the employment-to-population ratio would have been 0.25 to 1.1 percentage points higher over the 2015–2022 period and as much as 5.1 percentage points higher under more generous estimates. Along the intensive margin, we find evidence that a significant number of informal work hours are missing from official employment surveys, partly because employed individuals do not fully report their informal hours. Comparing informal workers who are classified as employed by the CPS with those who are arguably misclassified as nonemployed, we find that the latter are, on average, older, less educated, and less likely to cite income as a motivation for gig work, and an elevated share are disabled. The data also indicate that certain types of income-earning activities, such as renting and selling, are less likely to be perceived as “work.” These results suggest ways to improve official surveys to better capture those employed in gig work and obtain a fuller picture of the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working Conditions in Platform Work: Testing Digital Platform Workers' Rights on Platform Cooperatives (2023)
Zitatform
Cano, Melissa Renau, Ricard Espelt & Mayo Fuster Morell (2023): Working Conditions in Platform Work: Testing Digital Platform Workers' Rights on Platform Cooperatives. (SocArXiv papers), [Charlottesville, VA], 28 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/9aycp
Abstract
"The emergence of platform work has provided new opportunities for job creation, yet it also poses numerous challenges, thereby placing the topic at the centre of the policy debate. At the same time, discussion of the platform economy usually fails to acknowledge the coexistence of different platform models and their diverse socioeconomic impact with regard to the SDGs and the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). This paper aims to contribute to the debate on regulating platform work by testing the ‘Charter of digital workers’ rights’ arising from the Platform Labour in Urban Spaces (PLUS) European project, in three platform cooperatives: Fairbnb.coop, SMart, and Katuma. The empirical analysis and testing are based on qualitative surveys, co-creation sessions and interviews. The analysis could prove useful for further EU policy, national transposition of EU legislation and potential legislation worldwide. The results show the importance of providing a clear-cut definition of platform work, as well as considering different platform models. More specifically, the paper reflects on the definition and fair scheduling of working time (total amount of working hours, scheduling and disconnection), fair and decent remuneration, the right to information on contractual conditions and the right to transparency in algorithmic systems, and training rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung aus Beschäftigtensicht: Fehlende Mitgestaltung, belastender Zusatzaufwand, mangelnde Wertschätzung (2023)
Carls, Kristin; Splett, Barbara; Gehrken, Hinrich; Thamm, Lukas; Kuhlmann, Martin;Zitatform
Carls, Kristin, Hinrich Gehrken, Martin Kuhlmann, Barbara Splett & Lukas Thamm (2023): Digitalisierung aus Beschäftigtensicht. Fehlende Mitgestaltung, belastender Zusatzaufwand, mangelnde Wertschätzung. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 76, H. 2, S. 83-92. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2023-2-83
Abstract
"Auf Basis von qualitativen und quantitativen Daten aus vergleichenden Fallstudien werden Beschäftigtenwahrnehmungen von betrieblichen Digitalisierungsprozessen im Hinblick auf Arbeits- und Gesundheitswirkungen analysiert und Ansatzpunkte für eine gesundheitsförderliche Gestaltung von Digitalisierungsprozessen formuliert. Folgende Befunde stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt: Digitalisierung produziert nicht vorrangig neue, sondern verschärft vor allem bestehende körperliche, umgebungs- und leistungsbezogene Belastungen. Grund hierfür sind in erster Linie betriebliche Gestaltungsdefizite in Form fehlender Mitgestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Beschäftigten und eines nicht ausreichend an den Arbeitsprozess angepassten Technikeinsatzes. Diese Konstellation ist nicht nur für das Wohlbefinden der Beschäftigten belastend ; sie führt außerdem zu Missachtungserfahrungen bezogen auf subjektive Anerkennungs- und Gestaltungsansprüche. Für eine gesundheitsförderlichere Gestaltung von Digitalisierungsprozessen ist es somit zentral, dass institutionalisierte Organisationsformen für Technikmitgestaltung geschaffen und so ein unmittelbarer Arbeitsbezug von Gestaltungsprozessen hergestellt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung der Arbeit – eine Zwischenbilanz aus Geschlechterperspektiven (2023)
Carstensen, Tanja;Zitatform
Carstensen, Tanja (2023): Digitalisierung der Arbeit – eine Zwischenbilanz aus Geschlechterperspektiven. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 76, H. 5, S. 374-382. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2023-5-374
Abstract
"Die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt seit der Mitte der 2010er Jahre wurde früh mit weitreichenden Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen für Veränderungen in den Geschlechterverhältnissen diskutiert. Mittlerweile liegen diverse, ein breites Feld an Fragen umspannende empirische Studien vor. Nach einigen Vormerkungen zum Verhältnis von Gender und Technik resümiert der Beitrag die bisherigen Befunde entlang von fünf Themenfeldern, die sich als Schwerpunkte der Digitalisierungsforschung aus Geschlechterperspektiven herausgebildet haben: 1. Ortsflexibilisierung / Homeoffice, 2. Plattformen, 3. Automatisierung und neue Anforderungen, 4. Diskriminierung durch Algorithmen und KI und 5. mangelnde Diversität und (globale) Ungleichheiten in der Technikentwicklung. Die Autorin schließt mit einer Zwischenbilanz dieser bisher vorliegenden Befunde und benennt weiteren Forschungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
ChatGPT, Cobots & Co: Wie neue Automatisierungstechnologien die Arbeitswelt verändern (2023)
Zitatform
Dicks, Alexander, Martin Ehlert, Insa Grüttgen, Benjamin Schulz & Basha Vicari (2023): ChatGPT, Cobots & Co. Wie neue Automatisierungstechnologien die Arbeitswelt verändern. In: WZB-Mitteilungen H. 180, 2023-05-10.
Abstract
"Künstliche Intelligenz und Automatisierung werden zur Zeit heftig diskutiert. Wie können diese neuen Technologien und Anwendungen Menschen bei ihrer Arbeit unterstützen? Werden Arbeitsplätze durch KI ersetzt? Die Angst vor Arbeitsplatzverlust durch Digitalisierung und vor Fremdbestimmung ist eine weit verbreitete Sorge. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Studie ist es herauszufinden, wie weit digitale Assistenzsysteme verbreitet sind, wer sie nutzt und wie sich das auf verschiedene Beschäftigtengruppen auswirkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
also released in English -
Literaturhinweis
Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention (2023)
Zitatform
Doorn, Niels van, Fabian Ferrari & Mark Graham (2023): Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1099-1111. DOI:10.1177/09500170221096581
Abstract
"In urban gig economies around the world, platform labour is predominantly migrant labour, yet research on the intersection of the gig economy and labour migration remains scant. Our experience with two action research projects, spanning six cities on four continents, has taught us how platform work impacts the structural vulnerability of migrant workers. This leads us to two claims that should recalibrate the gig economy research agenda. First, we argue that platform labour simultaneously degrades working conditions while offering migrants much-needed opportunities to improve their livelihoods. Second, we contend that the reclassification of gig workers as employees is by itself not sufficient to counter the precarisation of migrant gig work. Instead, we need ambitious policies at the intersection of immigration, social welfare, and employment regulation that push back against the digitally mediated commodification of migrant labour worldwide." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Nomads: Toward a Future Research Agenda (2023)
Zitatform
Dreher, Nick & Anna Triandafyllidou (2023): Digital Nomads: Toward a Future Research Agenda. (Working papers / Toronto Metropolitan University 2023,04), Toronto, 27 S.
Abstract
"As pandemic lockdowns forced many traditional office workers to work from home, a subset of these workers left their countries of employment altogether to join a growing movement of location-independent transnational digital workers. These digital nomads have captured the imagination of mainstream and social media, which have promulgated images of laptop laden millennials from the Global North working within sight of a beach in Bali one month and from an Airbnb in a hip Buenos Aires neighborhood the next. Despite the media attention, academic scholarship on this topic is limited. What does exist appears primarily in the business and management literature, especially journals focused on information technology (IT) and tourism, as well as the sociological subfield of leisure studies. To date, scholars of migration have barely engaged with the topic, despite the subliterature on lifestyle migration providing a valuable theoretical antecedent to discussions of digital nomadism. This paper offers a critical overview of what is known about digital nomadism so far and argues that migration scholars should seriously consider this topic in the years ahead. Theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches from migration scholarship could help to better understand what digital nomadism means for the future of work and the social contract between citizen and nation-state. There are also important implications for the nomadlands — the destinations where these remote workers temporarily reside. The recent appearance of over 30 digital nomad visas is one early sign of destination countries considering a policy response." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working Remotely?: Selection, Treatment, and the Market for Remote Work (2023)
Zitatform
Emanuel, Natalia & Emma Harrington (2023): Working Remotely? Selection, Treatment, and the Market for Remote Work. (Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1061), New York, NY, 95 S.
Abstract
"How does remote work affect productivity and how productive are workers who choose remote jobs? We estimate both effects in a U.S. Fortune 500 firm's call centers that employed both remote and on-site workers in the same jobs. Prior to COVID-19, remote workers answered 12 percent fewer calls per hour than on-site workers. When the call centers closed due to COVID-19, the productivity of formerly on-site workers declined by 4 percent relative to already-remote workers, indicating that a third of the initial gap was due to a negative treatment effect of remote work. Yet an 8 percent productivity gap persisted, indicating that the majority of the productivity gap was due to negative worker selection into remote work. Difference-in-differences designs also indicate that remote work degraded call quality— particularly for inexperienced workers—and reduced workers' promotion rates. In a model of the market provision of remote work, we find that firms were in a prisoner's dilemma: all firms would have gained from offering comparable remote and on-site jobs, but any individual firm was loathe to attract less productive workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Traumjob Influencer: Likes, Views und das große Geld?: Wie Jugendliche in Deutschland die Creator Economy wahrnehmen (2023)
Engels, Barbara;Zitatform
Engels, Barbara (2023): Traumjob Influencer: Likes, Views und das große Geld? Wie Jugendliche in Deutschland die Creator Economy wahrnehmen. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,46), Köln, 19 S.
Abstract
"Die Creator Economy boomt: Immer mehr Unternehmen nutzen Content Creators, um ihre Produkte zu bewerben, und immer mehr Menschen möchten selbst Creators werden, also eigene digitale Inhalte erstellen, sie auf digitalen Plattformen einem wachsenden Publikum bereitstellen und monetarisieren. Die Beliebtheit der Creator Economy ist auch der schillernden Welt geschuldet, die Creators, darunter Influencer, auf sozialen Medien präsentieren. Laut ihren Inhalten haben sie einen abenteuerlichen Alltag, testen tolle Produkte und führen ein beneidenswertes Leben. Dabei hat die Creator Economy auch deutliche Schattenseiten, etwa in Bezug auf die Arbeitsbedingungen und die Nachhaltigkeit des Erfolgs. Es ist fraglich, inwiefern jungen Menschen, die sich auf ihr Leben nach der Schulzeit vorbereiten und über mögliche Berufe nachdenken, diese Nachteile der Creator Economy bewusst sind – und inwiefern sie sich von der glänzenden Social-Media-Welt blenden lassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt dieser Report, wie Jugendliche mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 16 Jahren in Deutschland die Creator Economy wahrnehmen. Dazu wurden 503 Schülerinnen und Schüler aus ganz Deutschland befragt, die im Schuljahr 2022/2023 an dem JUNIOR-Schülerfirmenprogramm teilgenommen haben. Die Ergebnisse der nichtrepräsentativen Befragung zeigen, dass die befragten Jugendlichen die Creator Economy durchaus differenziert betrachten. Vorteile wie Kreativität und Flexibilität nehmen sie ebenso wahr wie die Schwierigkeit des Erfolgs und den Arbeitsaufwand, der mit der Tätigkeit verbunden ist. Dennoch führen Influencer für viele der Befragten ein beneidenswertes Leben. Mehr als ein Fünftel der Befragten möchte selbst Influencer sein. Der teils widersprüchlichen Wahrnehmung der Creator Economy entsprechend ist es wichtig, gerade junge Menschen über die Möglichkeiten der Creator-Tätigkeiten aufzuklären und ihnen Wege aufzuzeigen, wie sie in dem Bereich erfolgreich sein können. Eine realistische Einschätzung der Erfolgschancen ist dabei zentral, denn der Markt ist so dynamisch wie wettbewerbsintensiv. Dieser Report will auch motivieren, sich wissenschaftlich und politisch mehr mit der Creator Economy zu beschäftigen. Schließlich bildet die Creator Economy einen validen alternativen Ansatz der Einkommensgenerierung und trägt zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Work‐Related ICT Use and the Dissolution of Boundaries Between Work and Private Life (2023)
Entgelmeier, Ines; Rinke, Timothy;Zitatform
Entgelmeier, Ines & Timothy Rinke (2023): Work‐Related ICT Use and the Dissolution of Boundaries Between Work and Private Life. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 4, S. 211-224. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i4.7128
Abstract
"Information and communication technologies (ICTs) promote flexible forms of work. Based on analyses of data from the German BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2018, this article shows that ICT (computer/internet) use is associated with both overtime and better temporal alignment of work and private life. Additional analyses show that these associations differ by gender and parenthood. Especially if also working from home, men with and without children do more overtime when they use ICTs than women with and without children. Better temporal alignment is found only among men without children who use ICTs and work from home compared to women without children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Digitalization Boost of the Covid‐19 Pandemic and Changes in Job Quality (2023)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Teresa Sophie & Basha Vicari (2023): The Digitalization Boost of the Covid‐19 Pandemic and Changes in Job Quality. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 4, S. 274-286., 2023-09-18. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i4.7082
Abstract
"The Covid‐19 pandemic caused a digitalization boost, mainly through the rise of telework. Even before the pandemic, advancing digital transformation restructured the way of working and thereby changed the quality of jobs—albeit at a different pace across occupations. With data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we examine how job quality and the use of digital technologies changed during the first pandemic year in different occupations. Building on this, we analyze change score models to investigate how increased workplace digitalization connects to changes in selected aspects of employees’ subjective job quality. We find only a weak association between the digitalization boost in different occupational fields and the overall decrease in subjective job quality. However, telework—as one aspect of digitalization—is connected to a smaller decrease in work–family reconciliation and conformable working hours. Thus, it may buffer some detrimental pandemic effects on job quality. In addition, telework is connected to increased information overload, creating a new burden for specific employee groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A machine learning approach for assessing labor supply to the online labor market (2023)
Fung, Esabella;Zitatform
Fung, Esabella (2023): A machine learning approach for assessing labor supply to the online labor market. (MPRA paper / University Library of Munich 118844), München, 28 S.
Abstract
"The online labor market, comprised of companies such as Upwork, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and their freelancer workforce, has expanded worldwide over the past 15 years and has changed the labor market landscape. Although qualitative studies have been done to identify factors related to the global supply to the online labor market, few data modeling studies have been conducted to quantify the importance of these factors in this area. This study applied tree-based supervised learning techniques, decision tree regression, random forest, and gradient boosting, to systematically evaluate the online labor supply with 70 features related to climate, population, economics, education, health, language, and technology adoption. To provide machine learning explainability, SHAP, based on the Shapley values, was introduced to identify features with high marginal contributions. The top 5 contributing features indicate the tight integration of technology adoption, language, and human migration patterns with the online labor market supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Evolution of Platform Gig Work, 2012-2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Garin, Andrew, Emilie Jackson, Dmitri K. Koustas & Alicia Miller (2023): The Evolution of Platform Gig Work, 2012-2021. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31273), Cambridge, Mass, 72 S.
Abstract
"We document the dynamics of tax-based measures of work mediated by online platforms from 2012 through 2021. We present a measurement framework to account for high reporting thresholds on some information returns using returns from states with lower reporting thresholds to provide a more complete estimate of total platform work. Updating data through 2021 allows us to provide the most comprehensive estimates of the COVID-19 pandemic on tax filing behavior. We find that the number of workers receiving information returns not subject to the 1099-K gap increased dramatically during the pandemic, with least 5 million individuals receiving information returns from platform gig work by 2021, nearly all from transportation platforms. We present evidence that the availability of expanded unemployment insurance benefits resulted in many individuals who were platform workers in 2019 not reporting any self-employment income in 2020-2021. At the same time, other services done by platform gig workers increased dramatically by at least 3.1 million people between 2019 and 2021. Interestingly, the broader 1099-contract economy follows a different trend, declining during this period, suggesting the challenges for tax administration are largely concentrated among platform gig workers, at least through 2021." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial Intelligence and Workers' Well-Being (2023)
Zitatform
Giuntella, Osea, Johannes König & Luca Stella (2023): Artificial Intelligence and Workers' Well-Being. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16485), Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"This study explores the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and workers' well-being and mental health using longitudinal survey data from Germany (2000-2020). We construct a measure of individual exposure to AI technology based on the occupation in which workers in our sample were first employed and explore an event study design and a difference-in-differences approach to compare AI-exposed and non-exposed workers. Before AI became widely available, there is no evidence of differential pre-trends in workers' well-being and concerns about their economic futures. Since 2015, however, with the increasing adoption of AI in firms across Germany, we find that AI-exposed workers have become less satisfied with their life and job and more concerned about job security and their personal economic situation. However, we find no evidence of a significant impact of AI on workers' mental health, anxiety, or depression." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als SOEPpapers 1194, DIW Berlin -
Literaturhinweis
Faire Arbeit in der österreichischen Plattformökonomie? (2023)
Zitatform
Griesser, Markus, Martin Gruber-Risak, Benjamin Herr, Leonhard Plank & Laura Vogel (2023): Faire Arbeit in der österreichischen Plattformökonomie? (Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 242), Wien, 94 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie liefert eine branchenübergreifende Darstellung der ortsgebundenen Plattformarbeit in Österreich anhand einer Untersuchung von sechs Unternehmen aus vier unterschiedlichen Branchen (Essenslieferung, Lebensmittellieferung, Personentransport, Reinigungsarbeit). Sie entstand im Kontext des internationalen Fairwork-Netzwerks, das im Sinne der Aktionsforschung zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen im Bereich der Plattformökonomie beitragen möchte. Dabei werden Unternehmen entlang von fünf Prinzipien (faire Bezahlung, faire Arbeitsbedingungen, faire Verträge, faire Management-Prozesse, faire Mitbestimmung) auf Basis eines multimethodischen Designs bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen die große Heterogenität von ortsgebundener Plattformarbeit und verdeutlichen, dass die Auswirkungen für Beschäftigte stark von den gewählten Geschäftsmodellen der Unternehmen abhängen. Dabei schneiden jene Plattformen am besten ab, die geschäftliche Risiken und Verantwortung nicht einseitig auf Beschäftigte abschieben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mental Stress and Strain Assessment in Digital Work: The Measurement Instrument MESTAT for Employees and Leaders (2023)
Hagemann, Vera ; Hesenius, Marc ; Meinecke, Jonathan; Schaper, Martina ; Klumpp, Matthias ; Ruiner, Caroline ; Debbing, Christina;Zitatform
Hagemann, Vera, Jonathan Meinecke, Martina Schaper, Christina Debbing, Caroline Ruiner, Matthias Klumpp & Marc Hesenius (2023): Mental Stress and Strain Assessment in Digital Work. The Measurement Instrument MESTAT for Employees and Leaders. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 67, H. 1, S. 16-30. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000387
Abstract
"Bei der Digitalisierung von Arbeitsplätzen stehen Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, eine potenzielle Zunahme der mentalen Arbeitsbelastung für Mitarbeitende und Führungskräfte zu analysieren, zu bewerten und zu mindern. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, ein Instrument zur Bewertung von psychischer Belastung und Beanspruchung in digitalen Arbeitskontexten sowie den damit verbundenen Entwicklungsprozess und die Validierung vorzustellen. Basierend auf einer Literatur- und Instrumentenanalyse und einer Interviewstudie wurde ein Bewertungsinstrument entwickelt und in zwei Studien validiert (N = 245; N = 279), was letztendlich zu einem Instrument mit 139 Items führte: 27 Items zu demografischen Aspekten und 112 Items, die auf fünf Kategorien verteilt sind (Arbeitsaufgabe und -tätigkeit, Arbeitsablauf und Organisation, Arbeitsumgebung, Organisationsklima und persönliche Einstellung). Um die Validität des Instruments zu demonstrieren, wurde ein Strukturgleichungsmodell basierend auf dem Job Demands-Resources-Modell berechnet. Das daraus resultierende Instrument ist universell einsetzbar und kann nicht nur von HR-Personal angewendet werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Hogrefe Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformökonomie in Deutschland (2023)
Zitatform
Haipeter, Thomas & Fabian Hoose (2023): Plattformökonomie in Deutschland. (IAQ-Forschung 2023-04), Duisburg, 18 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/78930
Abstract
"Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung von Plattformarbeit in Deutschland in den vergangenen Jahren; er ist entstanden aus der Beteiligung der Autoren am europäischen Forschungsprojekt "Don't Gig Up. Never!". Die Vermessung des Plattformarbeitsmarktes ist nicht abgeschlossen, wenngleich Befunde aus verschiedenen Befragungen vorliegen. Grundsätzliche arbeits- und sozialpolitische Reformen bezogen auf Plattformarbeit blieben bislang aus - angesichts der dynamischen Entwicklung besteht jedoch Regulierungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Governing the work-related risks of AI: implications for the German government and trade unions (2023)
Zitatform
Hassel, Anke & Didem Özkiziltan (2023): Governing the work-related risks of AI: implications for the German government and trade unions. In: Transfer, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 71-86. DOI:10.1177/10242589221147228
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert die Risiken, die in der Welt der Arbeit durch künstliche Intelligenz (KI) entstehen. Dabei unterscheiden wir zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Risikokategorien: direkten und indirekten Risiken. Direkte Risiken sind durch KI entstehende Formen von Diskriminierung, Überwachung und Informationsasymmetrien am Arbeitsplatz. Zu den indirekten Risiken gehören die verstärkte Automatisierung am Arbeitsplatz und die zunehmende „Zerfaserung“ von Arbeit. Direkte und indirekte Risiken werden anhand des Transport- und Logistiksektors exemplarisch dargestellt. Wir diskutieren Lösungsansätze der Politik für beide Risikokategorien im Kontext der deutschen Wirtschaft und argumentieren, dass es je nach Art des Risikos differenzierter Lösungen bedarf. Direkte Risiken lassen sich durch europäische und nationale Rechtsvorschriften gegen Diskriminierung, Überwachung und Informationsasymmetrien eingrenzen. Die indirekten Risiken müssen besser analysiert werden, um die sektorspezifischen Veränderungen zu verstehen sowie einschlägige Expertise und Kompetenzen zu entwickeln. Diese Strategie zur Bewältigung KI-induzierter Risiken am Arbeitsplatz wird dazu beitragen, die Chancen für menschenwürdige Arbeit, faire Vergütung und adäquate soziale Absicherung für alle zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A Tale of Two Cities: the intrinsic spatial logic of courier protests (2023)
Zitatform
Heiland, Heiner (2023): A Tale of Two Cities: the intrinsic spatial logic of courier protests. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 707-719. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.47
Abstract
"Protests differ and so do protest outcomes. This is also the case in food delivery gig work, which is characterized by frequent labor unrest. Various cross-country analyzes have pointed to the importance of the national context for the strategies and outcomes of courier protests. However, as the article shows, the protests already differ at the level of different cities. To analyse this, the study argues that the heterogeneity of protests in platform-mediated courier work is due to the spatially distinct logic of the respective cities. The research is based on two case studies of food delivery platforms in Germany, which were investigated with a mixed methods research design consisting of interviews, multi-sited ethnography and a survey. The findings show that the intrinsic logic of the two centres of courier protests studied (Cologne and Berlin) played a central role in the composition of the protesting groups, their strategies and subsequently the outcomes. However, it turns out that intrinsic logics are not homogeneous and in fact may exist in various forms, which can be complementary or in conflict with each other and are supported and realized by different social groups. In addition, the size of the cities also proves to be decisive for the dynamics of the protests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeit und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten im Freistaat Thüringen: Ergebnisse der Befragung durch das Interventionsprojekt "Digitale Arbeit erfolgreich gesund gestalten" (2023)
Hoppe, Annika;Zitatform
Hoppe, Annika (2023): Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeit und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten im Freistaat Thüringen. Ergebnisse der Befragung durch das Interventionsprojekt "Digitale Arbeit erfolgreich gesund gestalten". (Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Schriften 01/2023), Jena, 104 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung trägt aktuelle Daten und Erkenntnisse zur Auswirkung der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitswelt und den Gesundheitszustand von Erwerbstätigen im Freistaat Thüringen zusammen. Die Publikation vermittelt einen exemplarischen Überblick über momentane Entwicklungen, Chancen, Herausforderungen und Handlungsfelder, die im Zuge der Digitalisierung ausgemacht werden. Die Erfassung dieser Daten erfolgte anhand eines Online-Fragebogens in einem Zeitraum vom 01. Juni 2021 bis zum 06. September 2021 durch das Interventionsprojekt 'Digitale Arbeit erfolgreich gesund gestalten'. Wie die Daten dieser Erhebung nahelegen, ist die Digitalisierung in der Erwerbsbevölkerung in Thüringen angekommen und führt in diesem Zusammenhang zu gesundheitlichen Veränderungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Wird die betriebliche Berufsausbildung und Beschäftigung in einer digitalisierten Welt inklusiver?: Aus- und Nebenwirkungen der Digitalisierung für Menschen mit Behinderung auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt (2023)
Hähn, Katharina;Zitatform
Hähn, Katharina (2023): Wird die betriebliche Berufsausbildung und Beschäftigung in einer digitalisierten Welt inklusiver? Aus- und Nebenwirkungen der Digitalisierung für Menschen mit Behinderung auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt. In: A. Wilmers, M. Achenbach & C. Keller (Hrsg.) (2023): Bildung im digitalen Wandel, S. 135-170. DOI:10.31244/9783830998464.05
Abstract
"In einer immer stärker digitalisierten Welt stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern sich dieser Wandel auf die Inklusion von Menschen mit Behinderung in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung auswirkt. Dieses Critical Review zielt darauf ab, den aktuellen Forschungsstand abzubilden und mögliche Chancen und Hemmnisse zu eruieren. Unter Bezugnahme auf 19 Studien, die zwischen 2017 und 2022 veröffentlicht wurden, werden hierfür Erkenntnisse zu strukturellen Veränderungen von Berufsfeldern und Berufsbildungsangeboten, zu Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf die betriebliche Fachkräftesicherung sowie zur Nutzung assistiver Technologien beleuchtet. Befunde zur Ausbildung und Beschäftigung sehbeeinträchtigter oder blinder Menschen konkretisieren übergreifende Forschungsergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Picking with a robot colleague: A systematic literature review and evaluation of technology acceptance in human–robot collaborative warehouses (2023)
Zitatform
Jacob, Frederic, Eric H. Grosse, Stefan Morana & Cornelius J. König (2023): Picking with a robot colleague: A systematic literature review and evaluation of technology acceptance in human–robot collaborative warehouses. In: Computers & Industrial Engineering, Jg. 180. DOI:10.1016/j.cie.2023.109262
Abstract
"Just-in-time delivery, shorter product life cycles, demographic changes, and the Covid-19 pandemic have driven the industrial application of collaborative robots in warehouses. These robots work alongside humans, increasing their productivity and relieving them of repetitive or strenuous tasks. However, human workers can be reluctant to collaborate with robots owing to certain fears; for example, they may be concerned about job loss, stress, expected effort, or risk to physical integrity. These concerns can negatively impact the acceptance of human–robot collaboration (HRC). As the literature on this topic is fragmented, this study analyzes HRC acceptance in warehouses based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. We identify, classify, and analyze studies examining HRC acceptance in warehouses using a systematic literature review methodology. A framework is established to guide the analysis of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, (perceived) occupational safety, psychosocial, and legal and privacy factors. The results indicate the importance of corporate infrastructure and consideration of cognitive factors in particular. The findings of this study will support future research on HRC in warehouses and provide guidance for managers regarding HRC applicability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are more automatable jobs less satisfying? (2023)
Zitatform
Jacobs, Arthur, Elsy Verhofstadt & Luc Van Ootegem (2023): Are more automatable jobs less satisfying? (Working paper / Ghent University. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 2023,1059), Gent, 20 S.
Abstract
"We investigate whether the characteristics which render a job more likely to disappear due to automation also make that job less satisfying. The literature on automation offers convincing reasons in favour of this hypothesis, but it has not been empirically tested before. We use a widely-established, occupation-level measure of automatability and find that more automatable jobs are indeed significantly less satisfying using data from the European Working Conditions Survey. The effect is sizeable and robust to controlling for a wide range of individual-level variables and job-context variables. Our finding suggests that more automatable occupations are less satisfying because of their inherent nature (i.e. the nature of the tasks required for the performance of that occupation). We conduct a mediation analysis and find that the smaller creative intelligence requirement related to automatable occupations is the most important reason for their lower job satisfaction. We discuss to what extent these economy-wide findings translate to the level of the individual worker, in the context of a labor market segmented by education level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeit und Gesundheit in der Spätmoderne: Betriebliche Prävention im Spannungsfeld zwischen Individualisierung und Top-Down-Struktur (2023)
Zitatform
Jelenko, Marie (2023): Arbeit und Gesundheit in der Spätmoderne. Betriebliche Prävention im Spannungsfeld zwischen Individualisierung und Top-Down-Struktur. (Arbeit und Organisation 12), Bielefeld: Transcript, 280 S. DOI:10.14361/9783839464946
Abstract
"Immer schneller, weiter, mehr! Bei diesem leistungsorientierten Diktum sind arbeitsbezogene Gesundheitsgefahren allgegenwärtig. Sozialpolitisch wird deren Vorbeugung in der betrieblichen Prävention fokussiert, die traditionell an der Unfallverhütung und der männlichen Industriearbeit orientiert ist. Im Kontrast dazu steht die Forderung spätmoderner Dienstleistungsgesellschaften nach mehr Flexibilität und Einsatzbereitschaft. Marie Jelenko untersucht, wie die Bewältigung von erhöhten Anforderungen und das damit verbundene Gesundheitsrisiko auf den Schultern des Individuums abgeladen werden." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Associations of technostressors at work with burnout symptoms and chronic low-grade inflammation: a cross-sectional analysis in hospital employees (2023)
Kaltenegger, Helena C. ; Becker, Linda ; Weigl, Matthias ; Quartucci, Caroline ; Rohleder, Nicolas ; Nowak, Dennis ;Zitatform
Kaltenegger, Helena C., Linda Becker, Nicolas Rohleder, Dennis Nowak, Caroline Quartucci & Matthias Weigl (2023): Associations of technostressors at work with burnout symptoms and chronic low-grade inflammation: a cross-sectional analysis in hospital employees. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 6, S. 839-856. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01967-8
Abstract
"Despite the increasing scholarly interest in the phenomenon technostress, associated biological effects on employee health are under-researched. Chronic low-grade inflammation is suggested as a central pathway linking stress experience to disease development. The aim of this study was to assess associations of technology-related work stressors (technostressors) with low-grade inflammation and burnout symptoms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen