Lohnerwartungen von Arbeitslosen / Reservation wages of the unemployed
Zu welchem Lohn sind Arbeitslose bereit, eine Beschäftigung aufzunehmen? Sinken ihre Lohnansprüche mit der Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit? Werden die Lohnansprüche von der Höhe der Arbeitslosenunterstützung beeinflusst? Diese IAB-Infoplattform dokumentiert wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema "Reservationslöhne".
For what wages are the unemployed willing to take up a job? Do their expectations regarding pay drop with the length of their unemployment? This IAB info platform presents scientific findings on "reservation wages".
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Literaturhinweis
Reservation wages, market wages and unemployment: analysis of individual level panel data (2011)
Zitatform
Brown, Sarah & Karl Taylor (2011): Reservation wages, market wages and unemployment. Analysis of individual level panel data. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 1317-1327. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2011.01.009
Abstract
"Using individual level panel data, we analyse the divergence between the reservation wages of individuals who are out of work and their predicted market wages, focusing upon identifying the factors that influence the potential divergence. In addition, using propensity score matching techniques, we explore the implications of such divergences for future employment and wages. Our findings suggest that having reservation wages that are high relative to the predicted market wage influence both future employment and future wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Great expectations: Past wages and unemployment durations (2011)
Zitatform
Böheim, René, Gerard Thomas Horvath & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2011): Great expectations: Past wages and unemployment durations. In: Labour economics, Jg. 18, H. 6, S. 778-785. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.06.009
Abstract
"Decomposing wages into worker and firm wage components, we find that firm-fixed components are sizeable parts of workers' wages. If workers can only imperfectly observe the extent of firm-fixed components in their wages, they might be misled about the overall wage distribution. Such misperceptions may lead to unjustified high reservation wages, resulting in overly long unemployment durations. We examine the influence of previous wages on unemployment durations for workers after exogenous lay-offs and, using Austrian administrative data, we find that younger workers are, in fact, unemployed longer if they profited from high firm-fixed components in the past. We interpret our findings as evidence for overconfidence generated by imperfectly observed productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Determinanten des Suchverhaltens von Arbeitslosen: ausgewählte Erkenntnisse basierend auf dem IZA Evaluationsdatensatz (2011)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco & Arne Uhlendorff (2011): Determinanten des Suchverhaltens von Arbeitslosen. Ausgewählte Erkenntnisse basierend auf dem IZA Evaluationsdatensatz. In: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, Jg. 44, H. 1/2, S. 119-125. DOI:10.1007/s12651-011-0054-x
Abstract
"Der Übergangsprozess von Arbeitslosigkeit in Beschäftigung wird vom Reservationslohn und den Suchanstrengungen der Arbeitslosen bestimmt. Das optimale Suchverhalten hängt dabei sowohl von institutionellen Gegebenheiten wie der Höhe und Dauer von Transferzahlungen und 'klassischen' Charakteristika wie Alter und Bildung als auch von selten beobachteten Faktoren wie Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und subjektiven Erwartungen ab. Der IZA Evaluationsdatensatz ermöglicht es, die Effekte dieser Faktoren auf das Suchverhalten bzw. den Übergangsprozess in Beschäftigung zu analysieren. Der Datensatz besteht aus einer umfangreichen administrativen Zugangsstichprobe in Arbeitslosigkeit und einem Survey in dem Personen interviewt wurden, die zwischen Mitte 2007 und Mitte 2008 arbeitslos wurden. Die Arbeitslosen wurden u.a. zu ihrem Suchverhalten, zu Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, ethnischem Hintergrund und sozialen Netzwerken befragt. Unsere Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl Unterschiede in der maximalen Dauer von Transferleistungen als auch Unterschiede in Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und in subjektiven Erwartungen bezüglich der Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit an arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen zu einer Heterogenität im Suchverhalten bzw. in der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit in Beschäftigung führen können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages: evidence for Germany (2011)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Ricarda Schmidl & Arne Uhlendorff (2011): Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages. Evidence for Germany. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 796-824. DOI:10.1108/01437721111174767
Abstract
"This paper aims to analyze the role of social networks on the job search choices of the unemployed. If social networks convey useful information in the job search process, individuals with larger networks should experience a higher productivity of informal search channels. This in turn affects the choice of formal search intensity and the reservation wage. The paper seeks to test these search-theoretic implications of productive social networks empirically. The authors use the IZA Evaluation Dataset containing detailed information on job search behavior of recently unemployed individuals. Observing a rich array of personality traits and direct measures of the social network, the authors choose an identification approach based on observable characteristics using least squares and binary probit regression analysis. The findings confirm theoretical expectations. Individuals with larger networks use informal search channels more often and shift from formal to informal search. In addition to that, evidence is found for a positive relationship between network size and reservation wages. The extent to which networks are used during job search most likely also depends on the quality of the network, which cannot be observed in the data. However, as the network significantly changes the observable formal job search effort of individuals, public job search monitoring policies should take these effects into account. The paper complements the previous body of literature on the role of social networks in the labor market that predominantly focuses on labor market outcomes. By highlighting the interaction between networks and job search choices the paper improves the understanding of realized labor market outcomes in the presence of networks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnicity, job search and labor market reintegration of the unemployed (2011)
Zitatform
Constant, Amelie F., Martin Kahanec, Ulf Rinne & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2011): Ethnicity, job search and labor market reintegration of the unemployed. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 753-776. DOI:10.1108/01437721111174749
Abstract
"Purpose - This paper seeks to shed further light on the native-migrant differences in economic outcomes. The aim is to investigate labor market reintegration, patterns of job search, and reservation wages across unemployed migrants and natives in Germany.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on the IZA Evaluation Dataset, a recently collected rich survey of a representative sample of entrants into unemployment in Germany. The data include a large number of migration variables, allowing us to adapt a recently developed concept of ethnic identity: the ethnosizer. The authors analyze these data using the OLS technique as well as probabilistic regression models.
Findings - The results indicate that separated migrants have a relatively slow reintegration into the labor market. It can be argued that this group exerts a relatively low search effort and that it has reservation wages which are moderate, yet still above the level which would imply similar employment probabilities as other groups of migrants.
Research limitations/implications - The findings indicate that special attention needs to be paid by policy makers to various forms of social and cultural integration, as it has significant repercussions on matching in the labor market.
Originality/value - The paper identifies a previously unmapped relationship between ethnic identity and labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Job search and job finding in a period of mass unemployment: evidence from high-frequency longitudinal data (2011)
Zitatform
Krueger, Alan B. & Andreas Mueller (2011): Job search and job finding in a period of mass unemployment. Evidence from high-frequency longitudinal data. (IZA discussion paper 5450), Bonn, 60 S.
Abstract
"This paper presents findings from a survey of 6,025 unemployed workers who were interviewed every week for up to 24 weeks in the fall of 2009 and spring of 2010. Our main findings are: (1) the amount of time devoted to job search declines sharply over the spell of unemployment; (2) the self-reported reservation wage predicts whether a job offer is accepted or rejected; (3) the reservation wage is remarkably stable over the course of unemployment for most workers, with the notable exception of workers who are over age 50 and those who had nontrivial savings at the start of the study; (4) many workers who seek full-time work will accept a part-time job that offers a wage below their reservation wage; and (5) the amount of time devoted to job search and the reservation wage help predict early exits from Unemployment Insurance (UI)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Explaining differences in job search outcomes between employed and unemployed job seekers (2011)
Zitatform
Longhi, Simonetta & Mark Taylor (2011): Explaining differences in job search outcomes between employed and unemployed job seekers. (IZA discussion paper 5860), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"We use individual data for Great Britain over the period 1992-2009 to compare the probability that employed and unemployed job seekers find a job and the quality of the job they find. The job finding rate of unemployed job seekers is 50 percent higher than that of employed job seekers, and this difference remains even when controlling for differences in observable worker characteristics and job search behaviour. We present evidence suggesting that these differences in the job finding probability is caused by behavioural differences between employed and unemployed job seekers rather than differences in characteristics. Consistent with search theory, we find that employed job seekers are more selective in evaluating job offers and are therefore less likely to find a job offer acceptable; for example, they are less likely to accept low-wage and temporary jobs, or jobs that do not meet their working hour requirements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: ISER working paper , 2011-17 -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment, firm size and reservation wages in South Africa (2011)
Zitatform
Rankin, Neil A. & Gareth Roberts (2011): Youth unemployment, firm size and reservation wages in South Africa. In: South African Journal of Economics, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 128-145. DOI:10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01272.x
Abstract
"The level of youth unemployment in South Africa is much higher than in comparator countries. We investigate whether one of the reasons may be that the wages young people want or need are above those that they could reasonably expect to earn given their characteristics. Unlike previous work on the relationship between reservation wages and unemployment we differentiate between wages in different sizes of firms. Larger firms pay more and thus, even if reservation wages are similar to average predicted wages, they may be above the wages that young people could expect to earn in smaller firms. We find that this is the case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten nach den Hartz-Reformen (2011)
Rebien, Martina; Kettner, Anja;Zitatform
Rebien, Martina & Anja Kettner (2011): Die Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten nach den Hartz-Reformen. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 64, H. 5, S. 218-225., 2011-03-24. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2011-5-218
Abstract
"Die ungünstige Arbeitsmarktlage der Jahre 2001 bis 2005 in Deutschland und die Umsetzung der Hartz-Reformen könnten zu einer gestiegenen Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten geführt haben. Dies war zumindest ein proklamiertes Ziel der Hartz-Reformen: mittels der verstärkten Aktivierung Arbeitsuchender zu einer schnelleren Besetzung freier Stellen zu kommen. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und warum arbeitslose Bewerber und Beschäftigte konzessionsbereiter waren. Mit Daten der IAB-Erhebung des gesamtwirtschaftlichen Stellenangebots 2005 und 2006 wird anhand von logistischen Regressionsanalysen überprüft, inwiefern Betriebe das Verhalten beider Gruppen in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 als verändert wahrgenommen haben. Sowohl bei arbeitslosen Bewerbern als auch bei Beschäftigten wurde in den Untersuchungsjahren von betrieblicher Seite eine gestiegene Konzessionsbereitschaft beobachtet. Die Analysen geben Indizien dafür, dass neben der ungünstigen Arbeitsmarktlage und betriebsinternen Faktoren auch die Arbeitsmarktreformen zwischen 2003 und 2005 einen Einfluss auf diese Wahrnehmung hatten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kettner, Anja; -
Literaturhinweis
Reservation wages: explaining some puzzling regional patterns (2011)
Sestito, Paolo; Viviano, Eliana;Zitatform
Sestito, Paolo & Eliana Viviano (2011): Reservation wages. Explaining some puzzling regional patterns. In: Labour, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 63-88. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.2010.00508.x
Abstract
"We use the Italian Labour Force Survey and the European Household Panel Survey to analyse the distribution of the reservation wages reported by jobseekers. In Italy, reservation wages appear to be higher in the South - the low income and high unemployment area of the country - than in the North and Centre. A similar, rather counterintuitive, pattern, however, can also be found in Finland, France and Spain. First, we show that the way in which these data are commonly collected generates double selection bias. Second, we show that this bias has a strong effect on the estimation of the geographical pattern of reservation wages in many countries. The size of this bias is substantial in Italy. When controlling for it, reservation wages are 10 per cent higher in the North and Centre than in the South." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment benefits and reservation wages: key elasticities from a stripped-down job search approach (2010)
Zitatform
Addison, John T., Mario Centeno & Pedro Portugal (2010): Unemployment benefits and reservation wages. Key elasticities from a stripped-down job search approach. In: Economica, Jg. 77, H. 305, S. 46-59. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00725.x
Abstract
"This paper exploits survey information on reservation wages and data on actual wages from the European Community Household Panel to deduce, in the manner of Lancaster and Chesher, additional parameters of a stylized structural search model; specifically, reservation wage and transition/duration elasticities. The informational requirements of this approach are minimal, thereby facilitating comparisons between countries. Further, its policy content is immediate in so far as the impact of unemployment benefit rules and measures increasing the arrival rate of job offers are concerned. These key elasticities are computed for the United Kingdom and 11 other European nations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The reservation wage unemployment duration nexus (2010)
Zitatform
Addison, John T., Jose A. F. Machado & Pedro Portugal (2010): The reservation wage unemployment duration nexus. (IZA discussion paper 5077), Bonn, 11 S.
Abstract
"A thorny problem in identifying the determinants of reservation wages and particularly the role of continued joblessness in their evolution is the simultaneity issue. We deploy a natural control function approach to the problem that involves conditioning elapsed duration on completed unemployment duration in the reservation wage equation. Our analysis confirms that the use of elapsed duration alone compounds two separate and opposing influences. Only with the inclusion of completed duration is the negative effect of continued joblessness on reservation wages apparent. For its part, the completed duration coefficient suggests that higher reservation wages negatively influence the probability of exiting unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Strategic unemployment (2010)
Zitatform
Angerhause, Julia, Christian Bayer & Burkhard Hehenkamp (2010): Strategic unemployment. In: Journal of institutional and theoretical economics, Jg. 166, H. 3, S. 439-461.
Abstract
"The empirical literature on happiness finds that employment significantly contributes to well-being. We propose a dynamic model that explains why individuals may nonetheless be reluctant to pick up low-paid work. Accepting low-paid work will put them in an adverse position in future wage bargaining, as employers could infer the individual's low reservation wage from his working history. Employers will exploit their knowledge by offering low wages to this individual in the future. Therefore, employees with low reservation wage strategically opt into unemployment to signal a high reservation wage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reservation wages, labour market participation and health (2010)
Zitatform
Brown, Sarah, Jennifer Roberts & Karl Taylor (2010): Reservation wages, labour market participation and health. In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, Statistics in Society, Jg. 173, H. 3, S. 501-529. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2009.00638.x
Abstract
"The concept of the reservation wage has played an important role in labour market theory, particularly in models of job search, labour supply and labour market participation. We focus on the determinants of reservation wages, with a particular focus on health, which has attracted very little attention despite its importance from a policy perspective. Using UK data we estimate an endogenous switching model which predicts reservation wages for the unemployed and market wages for the employed. Our results have important policy implications since they suggest that poor health is a major cause of economic inactivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Locus of control and job search strategies (2010)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Deborah Cobb-Clark & Arne Uhlendorff (2010): Locus of control and job search strategies. (IZA discussion paper 4750), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. In this paper, we present an alternative model which assumes instead that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of his or her search effort on the rate at which job offers arrive. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control, i.e., the extent to which a person believes that future outcomes are determined by his or her own actions as opposed to external factors. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a novel panel data set of newly-unemployed individuals in Germany. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On-the-job search equilibrium with endogenous unemployment benefits (2010)
Zitatform
Cheron, Arnaud & François Langot (2010): On-the-job search equilibrium with endogenous unemployment benefits. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 383-391. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2009.09.010
Abstract
"This paper develops an on-the-job search model with wage posting where unemployment benefits are proportional to past wages. We emphasize that this contributes to increasing the reservation wages of unemployed workers and introduces a feedback effect of the distribution of wages on the distribution of unemployment benefits. We show that the model predictions are consistent with some stylized French facts and quantify the impact of inefficient rejections of low-wage offers by the unemployed. We find that, by reducing the indexing of unemployment benefits to previous earnings and increasing lump-sum transfers, it is possible to increase both employment and welfare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time limits in a two-tier unemployment benefit scheme under involuntary unemployment (2010)
Zitatform
Holzner, Christian, Volker Meier & Martin Werding (2010): Time limits in a two-tier unemployment benefit scheme under involuntary unemployment. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 251-277.
Abstract
"The consequences of introducing or tightening time limits on receiving high unemployment benefits are studied in a shirking model. Stricter time limits have an ambiguous impact on the net wage, and changes of utility levels of employed workers and recipients of high unemployment benefits have the same sign as the variation in the net wage. The utility differential between the two groups of unemployed shrinks. The relative income position of skilled workers moves in the same direction as the net wage of unskilled workers. When access to high benefits is denied for caught shirkers, stricter time limits may decrease employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job safety first? Zur Veränderung der Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten aus der betrieblichen Perspektive (2010)
Kettner, Anja; Rebien, Martina;Zitatform
Kettner, Anja & Martina Rebien (2010): Job safety first? Zur Veränderung der Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten aus der betrieblichen Perspektive. In: B. Seliger, J. Sepp & R. Wrobel (Hrsg.) (2010): Chancen und Risiken für die Soziale Marktwirtschaft im internationalen Wettbewerb der Wirtschaftssysteme (Ordnungspolitische Dialoge, 02), S. 91-109.
Abstract
"Die Untersuchung geht auf Basis von Daten einer repräsentativen Betriebsbefragung - der IAB-Erhebung des gesamtwirtschaftlichen Stellenangebots - drei Fragestellungen nach: 1) Haben sich 2005 und 2006 jeweils gegenüber dem Vorjahr Verhaltensänderungen bei arbeitslosen Bewerbern gezeigt? 2) Haben sich Verhaltensänderungen bei den Beschäftigten gezeigt? 3) Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Verhaltensänderungen bei arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Verhaltensänderungen bei den Beschäftigten? Bevor diesen Fragen anhand logistischer Regressionsmodelle nachgegangen wird, diskutieren wir kurz den Stand der Forschung zur Konzessionsbereitschaft von Arbeitslosen und Beschäftigten und beschreiben vorliegende deskriptive Befunde über Verhaltensänderungen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kettner, Anja;Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglw. abweichende) Version erschienen in: Ordnungspolitische Diskurse , 2009-07Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie ergänzende Informationen. -
Literaturhinweis
An empirical examination of the sources of changes over time in the job finding rate using reservation wages and rejected wage offers (2010)
Lollivier, Stefan; Rioux, Laurence;Zitatform
Lollivier, Stefan & Laurence Rioux (2010): An empirical examination of the sources of changes over time in the job finding rate using reservation wages and rejected wage offers. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 1039-1069. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2354.2010.00610.x
Abstract
"We consider a structural dynamic job search model where nonstationarity originates from the change over time in the benefit level, the job offer arrival rate, and the wage offer distribution. The model is estimated on the French sample of the ECHP taking advantage of direct observation of reservation wages, rejected job offers, and associated rejected wages. We find that the offered wages deteriorate rapidly (13.8% over six months, 19.2% over one year, and 30% over two years) and that changes in the wage offer distribution are the unique source of negative duration dependence in the hazard." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search monitoring, inactivity and reservation wages (2010)
Zitatform
Nivorozhkin, Anton, Laura Romeu Gordo & Julia Schneider (2010): Job search monitoring, inactivity and reservation wages. (Deutsches Zentrum für Altersfragen. Diskussionspapier 50), Berlin, 29 S.
Abstract
Bis Ende 2007 hatten Arbeitslose, die arbeitslos gemeldet und 58 Jahre alt waren, die Chance, das Monitoring ihrer Arbeitsuche ohne Sanktionen zu vermeiden, wenn sie zum frühest möglichen Zeitpunkt eine Rente beantragten. Die Untersuchung analysiert die Wirkungen von Monitoring bei der Arbeitsuche auf die Schwellenlöhne älterer Leistungsbezieher. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eine Teilnahme an diesem Programm die Schwellenlöhne erhöht. Ob sich dies auf die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit auswirkt, bleibt eine offene Frage. (IAB)