Happiness – wie Glück, Arbeit und Einkommen zusammenhängen
Das Streben nach Glück ist ein zentrales Element im Leben, wobei das individuelle Wohlbefinden sowohl persönliche als auch gesellschaftliche Ursachen hat. Welchen Einfluss haben Wirtschaftsentwicklung, Einkommen, der berufliche Werdegang oder Arbeitslosigkeitserfahrungen auf das Glücksempfinden eines Menschen? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet hierzu aktuelle Literatur.
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Literaturhinweis
How's life? 2017: measuring well-being (2017)
Zitatform
OECD (2017): How's life? 2017. Measuring well-being. (How's life? 04), Paris, 458 S. DOI:10.1787/how_life-2017-en
Abstract
"Alle zwei Jahre stellt die OECD die Frage: Wie ist das Leben? Wie steht es um Einkommen und Beschäftigung, aber auch Wohnen, Gesundheit, Bildung, den sozialen Zusammenhalt oder die Work-Life-Balance? Die aktuelle Untersuchung zeigt: In den letzten zehn Jahren hat sich die Lebensqualität in vielen Bereichen verbessert, doch es gibt auch rückläufige Entwicklungen und vor allem Unterschiede nach Geschlecht und Bildungsniveau.
Die OECD-Studie 'How's Life? 2017' analysiert mithilfe von 50 international vergleichbaren Indikatoren jenseits des Bruttoinlandsprodukts die Lebensbedingungen der Menschen in den 35 OECD- und sechs Partnerländern. Ein Kapitel befasst sich mit der Situation von Migranten. Ein weiteres Kapitel präsentiert die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Länder." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Top incomes and human well-being around the world (2016)
Zitatform
Burkhauser, Richard V., Jan-Emmanuel De Neve & Nattavudh Powdthavee (2016): Top incomes and human well-being around the world. (CEP discussion paper 1400), London, 57 S.
Abstract
"The share of income held by the top 1 percent in many countries around the world has been rising persistently over the last 30 years. But we continue to know little about how the rising top income shares affect human well-being. This study combines the latest data to examine the relationship between top income share and different dimensions of subjective well-being. We find top income shares to be significantly correlated with lower life evaluation and higher levels of negative emotional well-being, but not positive emotional well-being. The results are robust to household income, individual's socio-economic status, and macroeconomic environment controls." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can workfare programs offset the negative effect of unemployment on subjective well-being? (2016)
Crost, Benjamin;Zitatform
Crost, Benjamin (2016): Can workfare programs offset the negative effect of unemployment on subjective well-being? In: Economics Letters, Jg. 140, H. March, S. 42-47. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.12.007
Abstract
"Previous research suggests that unemployment negatively affects indicators of mental health and well-being, but it remains unclear whether active labor market policy can offset this effect. This paper examines a workfare program that was a key part of Germany's active labor market policy for over 30 years. Fixed effects panel estimates suggest that participation in the workfare program offset most, though not all, of the negative effect of unemployment on subjective life satisfaction. Robustness tests find no evidence that this estimate is due to non-parallel time-trends, unobserved shocks in the pre-treatment period, adaptation to unemployment or differences in regional unemployment rates. These results suggest that active labor market policies can help reduce the negative psychological effect of unemployment." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vertrauen und emotionale Stabilität als Determinanten von Erfolg und Lebenszufriedenheit (2016)
Ewers, Mara;Zitatform
Ewers, Mara (2016): Vertrauen und emotionale Stabilität als Determinanten von Erfolg und Lebenszufriedenheit. In: IW-Trends, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 1-89. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.16-02-06
Abstract
"Wie erklären sich Unterschiede im guten und erfolgreichen Leben, wenn man dieses an der Lebens- und Arbeitszufriedenheit, dem Bruttostundenlohn, der Gesundheit und den Ausbildungsjahren festmacht? Erkenntnisse fachübergreifender Forschung von Ökonomen und Psychologen werfen die Frage auf, ob allein ökonomische Präferenzen sowie gesellschaftliche und ökonomische Rahmenbedingungen hierfür verantwortlich sind. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass Ungleichheit auch eine Folge der Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit ist. Ökonomische Präferenzen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale sind nicht perfekt austauschbar. Vielmehr ergänzen sie sich. Erfolgreiche Bundesbürger in allen untersuchten Lebensbereichen weisen vor allem hohe Werte bei der emotionalen Stabilität und beim Vertrauen auf. Von den Bundesbürgern, die der Aussage 'Im Allgemeinen kann man den Menschen vertrauen' voll zustimmten, geben 72 Prozent eine hohe Lebenszufriedenheit an. Unter allen Deutschen trifft dies nur auf jeden zweiten zu." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Life satisfaction in Germany after reunification: additional insights on the pattern of convergence (2016)
Zitatform
Pfeifer, Christian & Inna Petrunyk (2016): Life satisfaction in Germany after reunification. Additional insights on the pattern of convergence. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 236, H. 2, S. 217-239. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2015-1010
Abstract
"The authors update previous findings on the total East-West gap in overall life satisfaction and its trend by using data from the German Socio- Economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 1992 to 2013. Additionally, the East-West gap and its trend are separately analyzed for men and women as well as for four birth cohorts. The results indicate that reported life satisfaction is on average significantly lower in East than in West German federal states and that part of the raw East-West gap is due to differences in household income and unemployment status. The conditional East-West gap decreased in the first years after the German reunification and remained quite stable and sizeable since the mid-nineties. The results further indicate that gender differences are small. But the East-West gap is significantly smaller and shows a trend towards convergence for younger birth cohorts." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does self-perceptions and income inequality match?: the case of subjective social status (2016)
Zitatform
Poppitz, Philipp (2016): Does self-perceptions and income inequality match? The case of subjective social status. (IMK working paper 173), Düsseldorf, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper uses subjective social status to test whether individual comparisons are driven by income and wealth, or other dimensions of inequality including education and prestige. Using a cross-sectional data set of 18 European countries and a mixed model with an MCMC estimation method, this work reveals that material factors are just as important as non-material factors. Besides income and wealth, social and cultural capital are important factors to explain the gap between income inequality and the perception of inequality. The most relevant institutions to explain the cross-country differences within Europe are the GDP level, average health and the education system, which also moderates the relevance of wealth on subjective social status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are we architects of our own happiness?: the importance of family background for well-being (2016)
Zitatform
Schnitzlein, Daniel D. & Christoph Wunder (2016): Are we architects of our own happiness? The importance of family background for well-being. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 125-149. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2015-0037
Abstract
"This paper analyzes whether individuals have equal opportunity to achieve happiness (or well-being). We estimate sibling correlations and intergenerational correlations in self-reported life satisfaction, satisfaction with household income, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with health. We find high sibling correlations for all measures of well-being. The results suggest that family background explains, on average, between 30% and 60% of the inequality in permanent well-being. The influence is smaller when the siblings' psychological and geographical distance from their parental home is larger. Results from intergenerational correlations suggest that parental characteristics are considerably less important than family and community factors." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The relative income hypothesis: a comparison of methods (2015)
Zitatform
Brown, Sarah, Daniel Gray & Jennifer Roberts (2015): The relative income hypothesis. A comparison of methods. In: Economics letters, Jg. 130, H. May, S. 47-50. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.031
Abstract
"Studies of the relative income hypothesis find positive and negative effects of relative income. To facilitate comparisons we use a large household panel and highlight the sensitivity of the relative income effect to the definition of the reference group and to the estimation strategy employed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Individual troubles, shared troubles: the multiplicative effect of individual and country-level unemployment on life satisfaction in 95 nations (1981 - 2009) (2015)
Calvo, Esteban; Mair, Christine A.; Sarkisian, Natalia;Zitatform
Calvo, Esteban, Christine A. Mair & Natalia Sarkisian (2015): Individual troubles, shared troubles: the multiplicative effect of individual and country-level unemployment on life satisfaction in 95 nations (1981 - 2009). In: Social forces, Jg. 93, H. 4, S. 1625-1653. DOI:10.1093/sf/sou109
Abstract
"Although the negative association between unemployment and life satisfaction is well documented, much theoretical and empirical controversy surrounds the question of how unemployment actually shapes life satisfaction. Previous studies suggest that unemployment may endanger subjective well-being through individual experiences, contextual influences, or a combination of both. Drawing on data from the World and European Values Surveys, National Accounts Official Country Data, Social Security Programs Throughout the World Reports, World Development Indicators, and World Income Inequality databases for 398,533 individuals in 95 nations (1981 - 2009), we use three-level hierarchical linear models to test four competing theory-based hypotheses -- that unemployment shapes life satisfaction through individual, contextual, additive, or multiplicative effects. Our results support a multiplicative interaction between individual- and country-level unemployment. Unemployed individuals are less satisfied than other individuals, and when unemployment rates rise, their satisfaction drops even further below students, homemakers, and employed individuals; retirees, however, become more similar to the unemployed. We discuss these findings in light of previous theoretical models to argue for a model where individual unemployment is understood in the context of diverse labor force statuses and national unemployment rates. We conclude with policy suggestions aiming to address the negative consequences of unemployment through individualized and contextualized plans." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
People typically experience extended periods of relative happiness or unhappiness due to positive feedback loops between LS and variables which are both causes and consequences of LS (2015)
Zitatform
Headey, Bruce & Ruud Muffels (2015): People typically experience extended periods of relative happiness or unhappiness due to positive feedback loops between LS and variables which are both causes and consequences of LS. In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 135, H. 1, S. 97-108. DOI:10.3790/schm.135.1.97
Abstract
"Long term panel data enable researchers to construct trajectories of LS for individuals over time. Bar charts of trajectories, and subsequent statistical analysis, show that respondents typically spend multiple consecutive years above and below their own long-term mean level of LS. We attempt to explain these multi-year waves of change by estimating structural equation models with two-way causal links between LS and variables usually treated as causes of LS, including health, frequency of physical exercise and frequency of social activities. Results are interpreted as showing positive feedback loops between these variables and LS, such that gains and losses of LS tend to be reinforced over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The unhappily unemployed return to work faster (2015)
Mavridis, Dimitris;Zitatform
Mavridis, Dimitris (2015): The unhappily unemployed return to work faster. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 4, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1186/s40172-014-0015-z
Abstract
"This paper shows that job loss is associated with a fall in subjective well-being (SWB). It then looks at how this change in SWB predicts job search and unemployment duration. The findings suggest that those who report feeling hurt by unemployment have shorter unemployment durations. Men who report a loss of SWB are also more likely to look for a job, but women's job search is not affected by the SWB loss. These findings confirm the theoretical prediction from job search theory: search effort and unemployment duration are affected by the utility differential between having a job and being unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Happiness and productivity (2015)
Zitatform
Oswald, Andrew J., Eugenio Proto & Daniel Sgroi (2015): Happiness and productivity. In: Journal of Labor Economics, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 789-822. DOI:10.1086/681096
Abstract
"Some firms say they care about the well-being and 'happiness' of their employees. But are such claims hype or scientific good sense? We provide evidence, for a classic piece rate setting, that happiness makes people more productive. In three different styles of experiment, randomly selected individuals are made happier. The treated individuals have approximately 12% greater productivity. A fourth experiment studies major real-world shocks bereavement and family illness. Lower happiness is systematically associated with lower productivity. These different forms of evidence, with complementary strengths and weaknesses, are consistent with the existence of a causal link between human well-being and human performance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Life satisfaction in Germany after reunification: additional insights on the pattern of convergence (2015)
Zitatform
Pfeifer, Christian & Inna Petrunyk (2015): Life satisfaction in Germany after reunification. Additional insights on the pattern of convergence. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 764), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"The authors update previous findings on the total East-West gap in overall life satisfaction and its trend by using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 1992 to 2013. Additionally, the East-West gap and its trend are separately analyzed for men and women as well as for four birth cohorts. The results indicate that reported life satisfaction is on average significantly lower in East than in West German federal states and that part of the raw East-West gap is due to differences in household income and unemployment status. The conditional East-West gap decreased in the first years after the German reunification and remained quite stable and sizeable since the mid-nineties. The results further indicate that gender differences are small. But the East-West gap is significantly smaller and shows a trend towards convergence for younger birth cohorts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zur Verwendung von "Subjektiven Indikatoren" (Erkenntnissen der interdisziplinären Glücksforschung) in der (Wirtschafts-) Politik - eine grundsätzliche Kritik am Sachverständigenrat Wirtschaft (SVR) (2015)
Ruckriegel, Karlheinz;Zitatform
Ruckriegel, Karlheinz (2015): Zur Verwendung von "Subjektiven Indikatoren" (Erkenntnissen der interdisziplinären Glücksforschung) in der (Wirtschafts-) Politik - eine grundsätzliche Kritik am Sachverständigenrat Wirtschaft (SVR). (Sonderdruck. Schriftenreihe der Technischen Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm 58), Nürnberg, 21 S.
Abstract
"Bei der Stellungnahme zum Indikatorensystem im Jahre 2010, aber auch beim Mitwirken des SVR bei der Enquete-Kommission durch seinen gegenwärtigen Vorsitzenden, zeigte sich an der (scharf) ablehnenden Haltung gegen eine Verwendung von subjektiven Indikatoren als Orientierungshilfe für die (Wirtschafts-) Politik, dass der SVR noch (immer!) im neoklassischen (neoliberalen) Paradigma und der für dieses Paradigma grundlegenden 'homo oeconomicus-Annahme' und darauf fußend der Theorie der 'offenbarten Präferenzen' verhaftet ist. Die grundsätzliche Ablehnung subjektiver Indikatoren durch den SVR bedeutet faktisch auch eine Leugnung der Psychologie als Wissenschaft.
Als der Psychologe Daniel Kahneman, der für seine Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Behavioural Economics (Verhaltensökonomik) 2002 auch den Nobelpreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften erhielt, erstmals von der homo oeconomicus- Annahme der neoklassischen Ökonomik, wonach der Mensch in der Ökonomik rational und egoistisch sei und seine Präferenzen (im Zeitablauf) nicht ändere ('the agent of economic theory is rational and selfish, and that his tastes do not change'), glaubte er als erfahrener Psychologe kein Wort davon ('not to believe a word of it')." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Beyond happiness and satisfaction: toward well-being indices based on stated preference (2014)
Benjamin, Daniel J.; Szembrot, Nichole; Heffetz, Ori; Kimball, Miles S.;Zitatform
Benjamin, Daniel J., Ori Heffetz, Miles S. Kimball & Nichole Szembrot (2014): Beyond happiness and satisfaction: toward well-being indices based on stated preference. In: The American economic review, Jg. 104, H. 9, S. 2698-2735. DOI:10.1257/aer.104.9.2698
Abstract
"This paper proposes foundations and a methodology for survey- based tracking of well-being. First, we develop a theory in which utility depends on 'fundamental aspects' of well-being, measurable with surveys. Second, drawing from psychologists, philosophers, and economists, we compile a comprehensive list of such aspects. Third, we demonstrate our proposed method for estimating the aspects' relative marginal utilities -- a necessary input for constructing an individual-level well-being index -- by asking ~4,600 US survey respondents to state their preference between pairs of aspect bundles. We estimate high relative marginal utilities for aspects related to family, health, security, values, freedom, happiness, and life satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The happiness trade-off between unemployment and inflation (2014)
Zitatform
Blanchflower, David G., David N. F. Bell, Alberto Montagnoli & Mirko Moro (2014): The happiness trade-off between unemployment and inflation. In: Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Jg. 46, H. S2, S. 117-141. DOI:10.1111/jmcb.12154
Abstract
"Unemployment and inflation lower well-being. The macroeconomist Arthur Okun characterized the negative effects of unemployment and inflation by the misery index - the sum of the unemployment and inflation rates. This paper makes use of a large European data set, covering the period 1975 - 2013, to estimate happiness equations in which an individual subjective measure of life satisfaction is regressed against unemployment and inflation rate (controlling for personal characteristics, country, and year fixed effects). We find, conventionally, that both higher unemployment and higher inflation lower well-being. We also discover that unemployment depresses well-being more than inflation. We characterize this well-being trade-off between unemployment and inflation using what we describe as the misery ratio. Our estimates with European data imply that a 1 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate lowers well-being by more than five times as much as a 1 percentage point increase in the inflation rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Economic growth evens-out happiness: evidence from six surveys (2014)
Zitatform
Clark, Andrew E., Sarah Flèche & Claudia Senik (2014): Economic growth evens-out happiness. Evidence from six surveys. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 633), Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"In spite of the great U-turn that saw income inequality rise in Western countries in the 1980s, happiness inequality has dropped in countries that have experienced income growth (but not in those that did not). Modern growth has reduced the share of both the 'very unhappy' and the 'perfectly happy'. The extension of public amenities has certainly contributed to this greater happiness homogeneity. This new stylized fact comes as an addition to the Easterlin paradox, offering a somewhat brighter perspective for developing countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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auch erschienen als: CEP discussion paper , 1306 -
Literaturhinweis
Involuntary retirement, bridge employment, and satisfaction with life: a longitudinal investigation (2014)
Zitatform
Dingemans, Ellen & Kène Henkens (2014): Involuntary retirement, bridge employment, and satisfaction with life. A longitudinal investigation. In: Journal of organizational behavior, Jg. 35, H. 4, S. 575-591. DOI:10.1002/job.1914
Abstract
"The increased popularity of bridge employment has raised questions about its consequences for well-being in late adult life. This research explored the consequences of bridge employment for the level of life satisfaction of older adults during the retirement transition period. Changes in life satisfaction were considered to be a function of the different intentions and motives for taking bridge jobs. Furthermore, the impact of bridge employment was empirically examined conditional on the voluntariness of the exit from the career job. Panel data on Dutch retirees (N?=?1248) were investigated using conditional change models. The results demonstrate that older adults willing to prolong their work careers but unable to find bridge jobs reported lower levels of life satisfaction compared with full retirees not considering bridge employment. In addition, participation in bridge employment for financial motives was associated with decreases in life satisfaction compared with postretirement working based on intrinsic motives. Moreover, compared with voluntary retirement, involuntary retirement was detrimental to life satisfaction, but participation in a bridge job was found to mitigate this negative shock. These findings contribute to the understanding of the consequences of various postretirement employment trajectories for older individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zwischen Glücksjagd und Sinnsuche in der Arbeitswelt (2014)
Hardering, Friedericke;Zitatform
Hardering, Friedericke (2014): Zwischen Glücksjagd und Sinnsuche in der Arbeitswelt. In: Sozialwissenschaften und Berufspraxis, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 175-187.
Abstract
"Im Folgenden wird zunächst auf die soziologische Erforschung von Glücksvorstellungen der Arbeit eingegangen. Anschließend werden verschiedene subjektive Bezugnahmen auf Glücksvorstellungen vorgestellt, die aus Interviews mit freiwilligen BerufswechslerInnen rekonstruiert wurden. Da diese Gruppe durch den beruflichen Wechsel eine erhöhte Reflexivität im Hinblick auf eigene Erwartungen an die Arbeit aufweist, lassen sich Deutungen und Eigentheorien darüber, welche Glücksvorstellungen sich für die InterviewpartnerInnen als tragfähig erwiesen haben und welchen Vorstellungen vom Glück sie folgen, gut rekonstruieren. Insgesamt zielt der Beitrag darauf ab, die eigensinnigen Aneignungen und Reaktualisierungen von Glücksvorstellungen in der Arbeit abzubilden, um so den Blick auf individuell genutzte Handlungsspielräume und Ressourcen zu richten und zudem einen konzeptionellen Beitrag zur Systematisierung gegenwärtiger Glücksvorstellungen der Arbeit zu leisten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Happiness and work (2014)
Krause, Annabelle;Zitatform
Krause, Annabelle (2014): Happiness and work. (IZA discussion paper 8435), Bonn, 12 S.
Abstract
"The relationship between happiness and work is subject to an ever growing empirical literature in economics. The analyses are mostly based on large-scale survey data to measure subjective well-being. Whereas one large strand of research investigates the effect of job loss and becoming unemployed, another field of study focuses on the determinants of job satisfaction evolving around employment conditions, self-employment, and potential public sector satisfaction premiums. A smaller part of the literature investigates potential driving effects of happiness on labor market outcomes. This article will give an overview about the most significant subareas of research and the empirical literature in economics to date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))