Lohnerwartungen von Arbeitslosen / Reservation wages of the unemployed
Zu welchem Lohn sind Arbeitslose bereit, eine Beschäftigung aufzunehmen? Sinken ihre Lohnansprüche mit der Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit? Werden die Lohnansprüche von der Höhe der Arbeitslosenunterstützung beeinflusst? Diese IAB-Infoplattform dokumentiert wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema "Reservationslöhne".
For what wages are the unemployed willing to take up a job? Do their expectations regarding pay drop with the length of their unemployment? This IAB info platform presents scientific findings on "reservation wages".
Zurück zur Übersicht-
Literaturhinweis
The estimation of reservation wages: a simulation-based comparison (2012)
Leppin, Julian S.;Zitatform
Leppin, Julian S. (2012): The estimation of reservation wages. A simulation-based comparison. (HWWI research paper 124), Hamburg, 33 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the predictive power of different estimation approaches for reservation wages. It applies stochastic frontier models for employed workers and the approach from Kiefer and Neumann (1979b) for unemployed workers. Furthermore, the question of whether or not reservation wages decrease over the unemployment period is addressed. This is done by a pseudo-panel with known reservation wages which uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel as a basis. The comparison of the estimators is carried out by a Monte Carlo simulation. The best results are achieved by the cross-sectional stochastic frontier model. The Kiefer-Neumann approach failed to predict the decreasing reservation wages correctly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Anspruchslöhne in Deutschland: aktuelle empirische Befunde (2012)
Schäfer, Holger; Schmidt, Jörg;Zitatform
Schäfer, Holger & Jörg Schmidt (2012): Anspruchslöhne in Deutschland. Aktuelle empirische Befunde. In: IW-Trends, Jg. 39, H. 4, S. 39-55. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.12-04-03
Abstract
"Die Lohnansprüche von Arbeitslosen sind regelmäßig dann von Interesse, wenn den Ursachen von persistenter Arbeitslosigkeit nachgegangen wird. Häufig wird darauf verwiesen, dass zu hohe Anspruchslöhne eine (Re-)Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt verhindern. Im Durchschnitt lag der Nettoanspruchslohn pro Stunde im Jahr 2010 bei 8,17 Euro. Dies entspricht einem Bruttostundenlohn von rund 12 Euro. Die Berechnungen signalisieren, dass die Bruttoanspruchslöhne von Arbeitslosen über ihren zu erwartenden Marktlöhnen liegen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse stehen in Einklang mit einer Reihe weiterer empirischer Untersuchungen und belegen, dass Arbeitslose ihre Lohnansprüche nicht mit zunehmender Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit absenken. Erfolgreich Arbeitsuchende orientierten sich hingegen stärker an ihren erwarteten Marktlöhnen und waren zu Lohnkonzessionen bei einem (Wieder-)Einstieg in eine Beschäftigung bereit. Die Befunde deuten insofern auf einen potenziell negativen Effekt von Anspruchslöhnen auf die Beschäftigungsperspektiven hin." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Unemployment benefit and wages: the impact of the labor market reform in Germany on (reservation) wages (2011)
Zitatform
Arent, Stefan & Wolfgang Nagl (2011): Unemployment benefit and wages. The impact of the labor market reform in Germany on (reservation) wages. (Ifo working paper 101), München, 19 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we contribute to the literature on the impact of the unemployment benefit on (reservation) wages. We use the German BA-Employment Panel (2008) to identify the effect of a reduced unemployment benefit due to the labor market reform of 2005 in Germany. Using this unique experiment, we find strong evidence that a lower unemployment benefit has an adverse effect on wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
On the reservation wage under CARA and limited borrowing (2011)
Bauer, Christian;Zitatform
Bauer, Christian (2011): On the reservation wage under CARA and limited borrowing. In: Mathematical Social Sciences, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 126-129. DOI:10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2010.10.005
Abstract
"An individual's optimal behavior in a continuous-time sequential job search model with savings and CARA preferences is characterized analytically. I isolate the effects of limited borrowing and nonnegative consumption as well as risk aversion on the reservation wage by using a system of ordinary differential equations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The threat effect of participation in active labor market programs on job search behavior of migrants in Germany (2011)
Zitatform
Bergemann, Annette, Marco Caliendo, Gerard J. van den Berg & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2011): The threat effect of participation in active labor market programs on job search behavior of migrants in Germany. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 777-795. DOI:10.1108/01437721111174758
Abstract
"Purpose - Labor market programs may affect unemployed individuals' behavior before they enroll. The aim of this paper is to study whether such ex ante effects differ according to ethnic origin.
Design/methodology/approach - The authors apply a method that relates self-reported perceived treatment rates and job search behavioral outcomes, such as the reservation wage or search intensity, to each other. German native workers are compared with migrants with a Turkish origin or Central and Eastern European (including Russian) background. Job search theory is used to derive theoretical predictions. The ex ante effect of the German active labor market program (ALMP) system is examined using the novel IZA Evaluation Data Set which includes self-reported assessments of the variables of interest as well as an unusually detailed amount of information on behavior, attitudes and past outcomes.
Findings - It is found that the ex ante threat effect on the reservation wage and search effort varies considerably among the groups considered.
Originality/value - The study is the first to investigate whether migrants and natives react similarly to the expectation of participating in an ALMP, and whether migrants of different regions of origin react similarly or not." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Reservation wages, market wages and unemployment: analysis of individual level panel data (2011)
Zitatform
Brown, Sarah & Karl Taylor (2011): Reservation wages, market wages and unemployment. Analysis of individual level panel data. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 1317-1327. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2011.01.009
Abstract
"Using individual level panel data, we analyse the divergence between the reservation wages of individuals who are out of work and their predicted market wages, focusing upon identifying the factors that influence the potential divergence. In addition, using propensity score matching techniques, we explore the implications of such divergences for future employment and wages. Our findings suggest that having reservation wages that are high relative to the predicted market wage influence both future employment and future wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Real-time search in the laboratory and the market (2011)
Brown, Meta; Flinn, Christopher J.; Schotter, Andrew;Zitatform
Brown, Meta, Christopher J. Flinn & Andrew Schotter (2011): Real-time search in the laboratory and the market. In: The American economic review, Jg. 101, H. 2, S. 948-974. DOI:10.1257/aer.101.2.948
Abstract
"While widely accepted labor market search models imply a constant reservation wage policy, empirical evidence strongly suggests that reservation wages decline in search duration. This paper reports the results of the first real-time-search laboratory experiment. The controlled environment subjects face is stationary, and the payoff-maximizing reservation wage is constant. Nevertheless, subjects' reservation wages decline sharply over time. We investigate two hypotheses to explain this decline: 1. Searchers respond to the stock of accruing search costs. 2. Searchers experience non-stationary subjective costs of time spent searching. Our data support the latter hypothesis, and we substantiate this conclusion both experimentally and econometrically." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The gender reservation wage gap: evidence from British panel data (2011)
Zitatform
Brown, Sarah, Jennifer Roberts & Karl Taylor (2011): The gender reservation wage gap. Evidence from British panel data. (IZA discussion paper 5457), Bonn, 11 S.
Abstract
"Our findings suggest the existence of a gender reservation wage gap. The presence of children, particularly pre-school age children, plays an important role in determining the proportion of this gap that can be explained by individual characteristics. For individuals without children, the unexplained component of the differential is 99% compared to only 22% for those with pre-school age children, which might indicate that perceived discrimination in the labour market influences the reservation wage setting of females." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Great expectations: Past wages and unemployment durations (2011)
Zitatform
Böheim, Rene, Gerard Thomas Horvath & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2011): Great expectations: Past wages and unemployment durations. In: Labour economics, Jg. 18, H. 6, S. 778-785. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.06.009
Abstract
"Decomposing wages into worker and firm wage components, we find that firm-fixed components are sizeable parts of workers' wages. If workers can only imperfectly observe the extent of firm-fixed components in their wages, they might be misled about the overall wage distribution. Such misperceptions may lead to unjustified high reservation wages, resulting in overly long unemployment durations. We examine the influence of previous wages on unemployment durations for workers after exogenous lay-offs and, using Austrian administrative data, we find that younger workers are, in fact, unemployed longer if they profited from high firm-fixed components in the past. We interpret our findings as evidence for overconfidence generated by imperfectly observed productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Determinanten des Suchverhaltens von Arbeitslosen: ausgewählte Erkenntnisse basierend auf dem IZA Evaluationsdatensatz (2011)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco & Arne Uhlendorff (2011): Determinanten des Suchverhaltens von Arbeitslosen. Ausgewählte Erkenntnisse basierend auf dem IZA Evaluationsdatensatz. In: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, Jg. 44, H. 1/2, S. 119-125. DOI:10.1007/s12651-011-0054-x
Abstract
"Der Übergangsprozess von Arbeitslosigkeit in Beschäftigung wird vom Reservationslohn und den Suchanstrengungen der Arbeitslosen bestimmt. Das optimale Suchverhalten hängt dabei sowohl von institutionellen Gegebenheiten wie der Höhe und Dauer von Transferzahlungen und 'klassischen' Charakteristika wie Alter und Bildung als auch von selten beobachteten Faktoren wie Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und subjektiven Erwartungen ab. Der IZA Evaluationsdatensatz ermöglicht es, die Effekte dieser Faktoren auf das Suchverhalten bzw. den Übergangsprozess in Beschäftigung zu analysieren. Der Datensatz besteht aus einer umfangreichen administrativen Zugangsstichprobe in Arbeitslosigkeit und einem Survey in dem Personen interviewt wurden, die zwischen Mitte 2007 und Mitte 2008 arbeitslos wurden. Die Arbeitslosen wurden u.a. zu ihrem Suchverhalten, zu Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, ethnischem Hintergrund und sozialen Netzwerken befragt. Unsere Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl Unterschiede in der maximalen Dauer von Transferleistungen als auch Unterschiede in Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und in subjektiven Erwartungen bezüglich der Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit an arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen zu einer Heterogenität im Suchverhalten bzw. in der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit in Beschäftigung führen können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages: evidence for Germany (2011)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Ricarda Schmidl & Arne Uhlendorff (2011): Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages. Evidence for Germany. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 796-824. DOI:10.1108/01437721111174767
Abstract
"This paper aims to analyze the role of social networks on the job search choices of the unemployed. If social networks convey useful information in the job search process, individuals with larger networks should experience a higher productivity of informal search channels. This in turn affects the choice of formal search intensity and the reservation wage. The paper seeks to test these search-theoretic implications of productive social networks empirically. The authors use the IZA Evaluation Dataset containing detailed information on job search behavior of recently unemployed individuals. Observing a rich array of personality traits and direct measures of the social network, the authors choose an identification approach based on observable characteristics using least squares and binary probit regression analysis. The findings confirm theoretical expectations. Individuals with larger networks use informal search channels more often and shift from formal to informal search. In addition to that, evidence is found for a positive relationship between network size and reservation wages. The extent to which networks are used during job search most likely also depends on the quality of the network, which cannot be observed in the data. However, as the network significantly changes the observable formal job search effort of individuals, public job search monitoring policies should take these effects into account. The paper complements the previous body of literature on the role of social networks in the labor market that predominantly focuses on labor market outcomes. By highlighting the interaction between networks and job search choices the paper improves the understanding of realized labor market outcomes in the presence of networks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Ethnicity, job search and labor market reintegration of the unemployed (2011)
Zitatform
Constant, Amelie F., Martin Kahanec, Ulf Rinne & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2011): Ethnicity, job search and labor market reintegration of the unemployed. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 753-776. DOI:10.1108/01437721111174749
Abstract
"Purpose - This paper seeks to shed further light on the native-migrant differences in economic outcomes. The aim is to investigate labor market reintegration, patterns of job search, and reservation wages across unemployed migrants and natives in Germany.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on the IZA Evaluation Dataset, a recently collected rich survey of a representative sample of entrants into unemployment in Germany. The data include a large number of migration variables, allowing us to adapt a recently developed concept of ethnic identity: the ethnosizer. The authors analyze these data using the OLS technique as well as probabilistic regression models.
Findings - The results indicate that separated migrants have a relatively slow reintegration into the labor market. It can be argued that this group exerts a relatively low search effort and that it has reservation wages which are moderate, yet still above the level which would imply similar employment probabilities as other groups of migrants.
Research limitations/implications - The findings indicate that special attention needs to be paid by policy makers to various forms of social and cultural integration, as it has significant repercussions on matching in the labor market.
Originality/value - The paper identifies a previously unmapped relationship between ethnic identity and labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Job search and job finding in a period of mass unemployment: evidence from high-frequency longitudinal data (2011)
Krueger, Alan B.; Mueller, Andreas;Zitatform
Krueger, Alan B. & Andreas Mueller (2011): Job search and job finding in a period of mass unemployment. Evidence from high-frequency longitudinal data. (IZA discussion paper 5450), Bonn, 60 S.
Abstract
"This paper presents findings from a survey of 6,025 unemployed workers who were interviewed every week for up to 24 weeks in the fall of 2009 and spring of 2010. Our main findings are: (1) the amount of time devoted to job search declines sharply over the spell of unemployment; (2) the self-reported reservation wage predicts whether a job offer is accepted or rejected; (3) the reservation wage is remarkably stable over the course of unemployment for most workers, with the notable exception of workers who are over age 50 and those who had nontrivial savings at the start of the study; (4) many workers who seek full-time work will accept a part-time job that offers a wage below their reservation wage; and (5) the amount of time devoted to job search and the reservation wage help predict early exits from Unemployment Insurance (UI)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Explaining differences in job search outcomes between employed and unemployed job seekers (2011)
Zitatform
Longhi, Simonetta & Mark Taylor (2011): Explaining differences in job search outcomes between employed and unemployed job seekers. (IZA discussion paper 5860), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"We use individual data for Great Britain over the period 1992-2009 to compare the probability that employed and unemployed job seekers find a job and the quality of the job they find. The job finding rate of unemployed job seekers is 50 percent higher than that of employed job seekers, and this difference remains even when controlling for differences in observable worker characteristics and job search behaviour. We present evidence suggesting that these differences in the job finding probability is caused by behavioural differences between employed and unemployed job seekers rather than differences in characteristics. Consistent with search theory, we find that employed job seekers are more selective in evaluating job offers and are therefore less likely to find a job offer acceptable; for example, they are less likely to accept low-wage and temporary jobs, or jobs that do not meet their working hour requirements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: ISER working paper , 2011-17 -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment, firm size and reservation wages in South Africa (2011)
Rankin, Neil A.; Roberts, Gareth;Zitatform
Rankin, Neil A. & Gareth Roberts (2011): Youth unemployment, firm size and reservation wages in South Africa. In: South African Journal of Economics, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 128-145. DOI:10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01272.x
Abstract
"The level of youth unemployment in South Africa is much higher than in comparator countries. We investigate whether one of the reasons may be that the wages young people want or need are above those that they could reasonably expect to earn given their characteristics. Unlike previous work on the relationship between reservation wages and unemployment we differentiate between wages in different sizes of firms. Larger firms pay more and thus, even if reservation wages are similar to average predicted wages, they may be above the wages that young people could expect to earn in smaller firms. We find that this is the case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Die Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten nach den Hartz-Reformen (2011)
Rebien, Martina; Kettner, Anja;Zitatform
Rebien, Martina & Anja Kettner (2011): Die Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten nach den Hartz-Reformen. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 64, H. 5, S. 218-225., 2011-03-24. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2011-5-218
Abstract
"Die ungünstige Arbeitsmarktlage der Jahre 2001 bis 2005 in Deutschland und die Umsetzung der Hartz-Reformen könnten zu einer gestiegenen Konzessionsbereitschaft von arbeitslosen Bewerbern und Beschäftigten geführt haben. Dies war zumindest ein proklamiertes Ziel der Hartz-Reformen: mittels der verstärkten Aktivierung Arbeitsuchender zu einer schnelleren Besetzung freier Stellen zu kommen. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und warum arbeitslose Bewerber und Beschäftigte konzessionsbereiter waren. Mit Daten der IAB-Erhebung des gesamtwirtschaftlichen Stellenangebots 2005 und 2006 wird anhand von logistischen Regressionsanalysen überprüft, inwiefern Betriebe das Verhalten beider Gruppen in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 als verändert wahrgenommen haben. Sowohl bei arbeitslosen Bewerbern als auch bei Beschäftigten wurde in den Untersuchungsjahren von betrieblicher Seite eine gestiegene Konzessionsbereitschaft beobachtet. Die Analysen geben Indizien dafür, dass neben der ungünstigen Arbeitsmarktlage und betriebsinternen Faktoren auch die Arbeitsmarktreformen zwischen 2003 und 2005 einen Einfluss auf diese Wahrnehmung hatten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kettner, Anja; -
Literaturhinweis
Reservation wages: explaining some puzzling regional patterns (2011)
Sestito, Paolo; Viviano, Eliana;Zitatform
Sestito, Paolo & Eliana Viviano (2011): Reservation wages. Explaining some puzzling regional patterns. In: Labour, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 63-88. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.2010.00508.x
Abstract
"We use the Italian Labour Force Survey and the European Household Panel Survey to analyse the distribution of the reservation wages reported by jobseekers. In Italy, reservation wages appear to be higher in the South - the low income and high unemployment area of the country - than in the North and Centre. A similar, rather counterintuitive, pattern, however, can also be found in Finland, France and Spain. First, we show that the way in which these data are commonly collected generates double selection bias. Second, we show that this bias has a strong effect on the estimation of the geographical pattern of reservation wages in many countries. The size of this bias is substantial in Italy. When controlling for it, reservation wages are 10 per cent higher in the North and Centre than in the South." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The reservation wage unemployment duration nexus (2010)
Zitatform
Addison, John T., Jose A. F. Machado & Pedro Portugal (2010): The reservation wage unemployment duration nexus. (IZA discussion paper 5077), Bonn, 11 S.
Abstract
"A thorny problem in identifying the determinants of reservation wages and particularly the role of continued joblessness in their evolution is the simultaneity issue. We deploy a natural control function approach to the problem that involves conditioning elapsed duration on completed unemployment duration in the reservation wage equation. Our analysis confirms that the use of elapsed duration alone compounds two separate and opposing influences. Only with the inclusion of completed duration is the negative effect of continued joblessness on reservation wages apparent. For its part, the completed duration coefficient suggests that higher reservation wages negatively influence the probability of exiting unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Unemployment benefits and reservation wages: key elasticities from a stripped-down job search approach (2010)
Zitatform
Addison, John T., Mario Centeno & Pedro Portugal (2010): Unemployment benefits and reservation wages. Key elasticities from a stripped-down job search approach. In: Economica, Jg. 77, H. 305, S. 46-59. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00725.x
Abstract
"This paper exploits survey information on reservation wages and data on actual wages from the European Community Household Panel to deduce, in the manner of Lancaster and Chesher, additional parameters of a stylized structural search model; specifically, reservation wage and transition/duration elasticities. The informational requirements of this approach are minimal, thereby facilitating comparisons between countries. Further, its policy content is immediate in so far as the impact of unemployment benefit rules and measures increasing the arrival rate of job offers are concerned. These key elasticities are computed for the United Kingdom and 11 other European nations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Strategic unemployment (2010)
Zitatform
Angerhause, Julia, Christian Bayer & Burkhard Hehenkamp (2010): Strategic unemployment. In: Journal of institutional and theoretical economics, Jg. 166, H. 3, S. 439-461.
Abstract
"The empirical literature on happiness finds that employment significantly contributes to well-being. We propose a dynamic model that explains why individuals may nonetheless be reluctant to pick up low-paid work. Accepting low-paid work will put them in an adverse position in future wage bargaining, as employers could infer the individual's low reservation wage from his working history. Employers will exploit their knowledge by offering low wages to this individual in the future. Therefore, employees with low reservation wage strategically opt into unemployment to signal a high reservation wage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))