Happiness – wie Glück, Arbeit und Einkommen zusammenhängen
Das Streben nach Glück ist ein zentrales Element im Leben, wobei das individuelle Wohlbefinden sowohl persönliche als auch gesellschaftliche Ursachen hat. Welchen Einfluss haben Wirtschaftsentwicklung, Einkommen, der berufliche Werdegang oder Arbeitslosigkeitserfahrungen auf das Glücksempfinden eines Menschen? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet hierzu aktuelle Literatur.
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Literaturhinweis
The increasing educational divide in the life course development of subjective wellbeing across cohorts (2022)
Zitatform
Patzina, Alexander (2022): The increasing educational divide in the life course development of subjective wellbeing across cohorts. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 293-312., 2021-09-27. DOI:10.1177/00016993211055678
Abstract
"Labour market, health, and wellbeing research provide evidence of increasing educational inequality as individuals age, representing a pattern consistent with the mechanism of cumulative (dis)advantage. However, individual life courses are embedded in cohort contexts that might alter life course differentiation processes. Thus, this study analyses cohort variations in education-specific life course patterns of subjective wellbeing (i.e. life, health and income satisfaction). Drawing upon prior work and theoretical considerations from life course theories, this study expects to find increasing educational life course inequality in younger cohorts. The empirical analysis relies on German Socio-Economic Panel data (1984–2016, v33). The results obtained from cohort-averaged random effects growth curve models confirm the cumulative (dis)advantage mechanism for educational life course inequality in subjective wellbeing. Furthermore, the results reveal substantial cohort variation in life course inequality patterns: regarding life and income satisfaction, the results indicate that the cumulative (dis)advantage mechanism does not apply to the youngest cohorts (individuals born between 1970 and 1985) under study. In contrast, the health satisfaction results suggest that educational life course inequality follows the predictions of the cumulative (dis)advantage mechanism only for individuals born after 1959. While the life course trajectories of highly educated individuals change only slightly across cohorts, the subjective wellbeing trajectories of low-educated individuals start to decline at earlier life course stages in younger cohorts, leading to increasing life course inequality over time. Thus, the overall findings of this study contribute to our understanding of whether predictions derived from sociological middle range theories are universal across societal contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Was macht bei der Arbeit glücklich?: Entwicklung und Validierung einer mehrdimensionalen Skala zur Erfassung von Glück bei der Arbeit (2022)
Zitatform
Rehwaldt, Ricarda & Timo Kortsch (2022): Was macht bei der Arbeit glücklich? Entwicklung und Validierung einer mehrdimensionalen Skala zur Erfassung von Glück bei der Arbeit. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 66, H. 2, S. 72-86. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000373
Abstract
"Glück bei der Arbeit spielt neben Arbeitszufriedenheit in der Forschung eine immer größere Rolle. Glück wurde sowohl theoretisch als auch metanalytisch mit positiven Folgen in Verbindung gebracht. Allerdings fehlt bislang ein validiertes Instrument in deutscher Sprache, um Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit zu erfassen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist deshalb, ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung von Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Basierend auf einem Modell von Rehwaldt (2017) entstand in vier aufeinander aufbauenden qualitativen und quantitativen Studien eine vierdimensionale Skala zur Erfassung von Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit (HappinessandWork-Scale). In explorativen und konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen konnten vier Faktoren (Sinnempfinden, Selbstverwirklichung, Gemeinschaft professionell und Gemeinschaft vertraut) aufgedeckt werden, die erwartungsgemäß positiv korreliert waren. Die divergente Validität der vier Faktoren zeigte sich durch unterschiedliche Zusammenhänge mit mehreren relevanten Kriterien (z.B. Commitment, innovatives Verhalten). Implikationen der Ergebnisse für Theorie und Praxis werden abschließend diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Hogrefe Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Redistributive preferences: Why actual income is ultimately more important than perceived income (2022)
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Weisstanner, David & Klaus Armingeon (2022): Redistributive preferences: Why actual income is ultimately more important than perceived income. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 135-147. DOI:10.1177/09589287211037912
Abstract
"An emerging consensus claims that ‘subjective’ (mis)perceptions of income inequality better explain redistributive preferences than actual ‘objective’ conditions. In this article, we critically re-assess this view. We compare perceived and actual income positions as predictors for preferences for redistribution. We argue that perceived income is partly endogenous to actual income and its effect on preferences conditional on ideology. Using an original survey experiment from Switzerland, we show that the predictive power of perceived income is lower compared to actual income. Perceived income is only associated with redistribution preferences among centre-right respondents, but not among left-wing respondents. Furthermore, providing respondents with corrective information about their true position in the income hierarchy has no effect on redistribution preferences. These findings go against the new consensus about the superior explanatory power of subjective perceptions of income inequality. We argue instead that absolute objective conditions should be at the centre of explaining redistributive preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries (2021)
Zitatform
Blanchflower, David G. (2021): Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 575-624. DOI:10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z
Abstract
"A large empirical literature has debated the existence of a U-shaped happiness-age curve. This paper re-examines the relationship between various measures of well-being and age in 145 countries, including 109 developing countries, controlling for education and marital and labor force status, among others, on samples of individuals under the age of 70. The U-shape of the curve is forcefully confirmed, with an age minimum, or nadir, in midlife around age 50 in separate analyses for developing and advanced countries as well as for the continent of Africa. The happiness curve seems to be everywhere. While panel data are largely unavailable for this issue, and the findings using such data largely confirm the cross-section results, the paper discusses insights on why cohort effects do not drive the findings. I find the age of the minima has risen over time in Europe and the USA." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Children, unhappiness and family finances (2021)
Zitatform
Blanchflower, David G. & Andrew E. Clark (2021): Children, unhappiness and family finances. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 625-653. DOI:10.1007/s00148-020-00798-y
Abstract
"The common finding of a zero or negative correlation between the presence of children and parental well-being continues to generate research interest. We consider international data, including well over one million observations on Europeans from 11 years of Eurobarometer surveys. We first replicate this negative finding, both in the overall data and then for most different marital statuses. Children are expensive: controlling for financial difficulties turns our estimated child coefficients positive. We argue that difficulties paying the bills explain the pattern of existing results by parental education and income and by country income and social support. Last, we underline that not all children are the same, with stepchildren commonly having a more negative correlation with well-being than children from the current relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Education as a Positional Good? Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel (2021)
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Durst, Alessa K. (2021): Education as a Positional Good? Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 155, H. 2, S. 745-767. DOI:10.1007/s11205-021-02619-5
Abstract
"People care about their relative standing in society and therefore compare themselves to relevant others. Empirical findings suggest that there are concerns for relative standing for different goods and life domains such as income, cars, attractiveness, and supervisor's praise. Even education has been mentioned as having a (partially) positional character. However, there has been only small consideration of education as a positional good in the empirical literature so far. Based on the literature on positional concerns and the role of education on relative position, I use German panel data to investigate the relationship between education and life satisfaction beyond the effect education might have through other variables such as income, health, or occupational prestige. Additionally, I consider the possibility that the consumption of education is subject to positional concerns. I discover a positive relationship between education and life satisfaction, indicating that education has a consumption component. Moreover, the relationship depends on the distribution of particular levels of education, suggesting that education has a positional character." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of work–life balance and autonomy in the relationship between commuting, employee commitment and well-being (2021)
Emre, Onur; De Spiegeleare, Stan;Zitatform
Emre, Onur & Stan De Spiegeleare (2021): The role of work–life balance and autonomy in the relationship between commuting, employee commitment and well-being. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 11, S. 2443-2467. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2019.1583270
Abstract
"Commuting can be tiring and stressful. An unavoidable part of life for many people, it is almost always associated with negative outcomes. This study examined the implications of commuting time for the commitment and well-being of employees. This paper uses ‘conservation of resources’ theory and job demands–resources approaches to argue that employees with long commutes will be less committed and experience lower well-being. These effects are also expected to be mediated by the work–life balance of the employees and interact with the level of autonomy they perceive themselves to have. Data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey indicate that there is a negative relationship between commuting time, commitment and well-being. Results also suggest that work–life balance mediates part of these relationships and, finally, that autonomy can act as a buffer against the effects of commuting time on both commitment and well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Partner Pay Gap: Associations between Spouses' Relative Earnings and Life Satisfaction among Couples in the UK (2021)
Zitatform
Gash, Vanessa & Anke C. Plagnol (2021): The Partner Pay Gap: Associations between Spouses' Relative Earnings and Life Satisfaction among Couples in the UK. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 566-583. DOI:10.1177/0950017020946657
Abstract
"Despite women’s recent gains in education and employment, husbands still tend to out-earn their wives. This article examines the relationship between the partner pay gap (i.e. the difference in earned income between married, co-resident partners) and life satisfaction. Contrary to previous studies, we investigate the effects of recent changes in relative earnings within couples as well as labour market transitions. Using several waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, we reveal that men exhibit an increase in life satisfaction in response to a recent increase in their proportional earnings relative to their wives’ earnings. For women, changes in proportional earnings had no effect on life satisfaction. We also find secondary-earning husbands report lower average life satisfaction than majority-earning and equal-earning men, while such differences were not found for women. The analysis offers compelling evidence of the ongoing role of gendered norms in the sustenance of the partner pay gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How the Welfare-State Regime Shapes the Gap in Subjective Well-Being Between People With and Without Disabilities (2021)
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Hadjar, Andreas & Edith Kotitschke (2021): How the Welfare-State Regime Shapes the Gap in Subjective Well-Being Between People With and Without Disabilities. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 73, H. 4, S. 501-525. DOI:10.1007/s11577-021-00805-4
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt Behinderung, eine wenig beleuchtete Ungleichheitsachse, und subjektives Wohlbefinden in den Blick. Aufbauend auf die Theorie der sozialen Produktionsfunktionen wird der allgemeinen Annahme gefolgt, dass Menschen mit Behinderungen nicht die gleichen Möglichkeiten wie Menschen ohne Behinderungen haben, Ressourcen, instrumentelle Ziele und letztlich Wohlbefinden zu erlangen. Soziale Teilhabe und Arbeitsmarktintegration scheinen bedeutsame Mechanismen hinter den angesprochenen Disparitäten zu sein. Das Sozialsystem eines Landes auf der Makroebene prägt ebenso Unterschiede im subjektiven Wohlbefinden zwischen Gruppen. Die Hauptziele dieses Beitrags bestehen entsprechend darin, den Unterschied im subjektiven Wohlbefinden zwischen Menschen mit und ohne Behinderungen zu analysieren. Inwieweit lässt sich dieser Unterschied durch Unterschiede in sozialer Teilhabe und Arbeitsmarktintegration erklären, und wie prägt das Wohlfahrtsstaatsregime den Unterschied in subjektivem Wohlbefinden zwischen Menschen mit und ohne Behinderungen? Im Kern der Forschung stehen Mehrebenenanalysen von kumulierten Daten des European Social Survey aus 31 europäischen Ländern. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Menschen mit Behinderungen ein signifikant geringeres subjektives Wohlbefinden zeigen als Menschen ohne Behinderungen. Wohlfahrtsstaatsregimes moderieren diesen Unterschied, wobei die Performanz der skandinavischen sozialdemokratischen (und familienorientierten) Länder hinsichtlich der Bereitstellung gleicher Lebensbedingungen für Menschen mit und ohne Behinderungen offenbar im Vergleich am stärksten erscheint." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Perceived income inequality and subjective social status in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Hajdu, Gábor (2021): Perceived income inequality and subjective social status in Europe. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 926), Maastricht, 30 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes how perceived income inequality is associated with subjective well-being. Using four waves of the "Social Inequality" module of the International Social Survey Programme, I show that the higher the level of perceived income inequality is, the lower the individual's perception of her social standing, even if objective income inequality and preferences for the legitimate level of income inequality are controlled for. The results are robust to the measure of perceived inequality and the choice of the outcome variable. The analysis also provides evidence that the estimated association is weaker for individuals with higher income, higher education, and countries without postcommunist history. Overall, the results suggest that not only do objective inequality and perception of fairness have consequences regarding subjective well-being but also the perceived level of income inequality itself." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Being Poor and Feeling Rich or Vice Versa? The Determinants of Unequal Income Positions in Old Age Across Europe (2021)
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Isengard, Bettina & Ronny König (2021): Being Poor and Feeling Rich or Vice Versa? The Determinants of Unequal Income Positions in Old Age Across Europe. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 154, H. 3, S. 767-787. DOI:10.1007/s11205-020-02546-x
Abstract
"Individual prosperity and welfare can be measured using both objective and subjective criteria. Although theory and previous research suggest that these two methods can produce corresponding results, the measurements can also be inconsistent. Against this background, the current paper investigates the relationship between the objective income position of older Europeans (aged 50 + years) and their perception of their financial situation, using the seventh wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) conducted in 2017. The main research questions include (1) how is objective income distributed in old age across Europe?, (2) how do elderly Europeans evaluate their income situation subjectively?, (3) is there a discrepancy between the objective prosperity position and their subjective perception observable?, (4) are there country-specific differences that are observable?, and (5) how can such discrepancies be explained?" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intrinsically Rewarding Work and Generativity in Midlife: The Long Arm of the Job (2021)
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Krahn, Harvey J., Matthew D. Johnson & Nancy L. Galambos (2021): Intrinsically Rewarding Work and Generativity in Midlife: The Long Arm of the Job. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 184-206. DOI:10.1177/0730888420964942
Abstract
"Work is a productive activity that can also contribute to the well-being of the next generation. Using two waves of data from the Edmonton Transitions Study, this research examined the link between intrinsically rewarding work and generativity, or one?s perceived contributions to society. Controlling for relevant variables, more intrinsically rewarding work at age 43 predicted increasing generativity over the next seven years, and increases in intrinsic work rewards were associated with increased generativity between age 43 and 50. The results demonstrate the potential of the workplace to prompt growth in midlife generativity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Income Inequality, Social Comparison, and Happiness in the United States (2021)
Zitatform
Liao, Tim Futing (2021): Income Inequality, Social Comparison, and Happiness in the United States. In: Socius, Jg. 7, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/2378023120985648
Abstract
"Using social comparison theory, I investigate the relation between experienced happiness and income inequality. In the analysis, I study happiness effects of the individual-level within-gender-ethnicity comparison-based Gini index conditional on a state’s overall inequality, using a linked set of the March 2013 Current Population Survey and the 2013 American Time Use Survey data while controlling major potential confounders. The findings suggest that individuals who are positioned to conduct both upward and downward comparison would feel happier in states where overall income inequality is high. In states where inequality is not high, however, such effects are not present because social comparison becomes less meaningful when one’s position is not as clearly definable. Therefore, social comparison matters where inequality persists: One’s comparison with all similar others’ in the income distribution in a social environment determines the effect of one’s income on happiness, with the comparison target being the same gender-ethnic group." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Happiness adaptation to high income: Evidence from German panel data (2021)
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Luo, Jianbo (2021): Happiness adaptation to high income: Evidence from German panel data. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 206. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109995
Abstract
"This paper is the first to use national representative panel data to demonstrate that individuals do not adapt to high income in the long run: after five or more years, the life satisfaction of high-income people is still higher than that of the average population. Using entropy balancing (EB) matching and Lasso variable selection to reweight the control group yields similar results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment (2021)
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Nikolova, Milena, Boris Nikolaev & Olga Popova (2021): The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment. In: Small business economics, Jg. 57, H. 4, S. 1819-1836. DOI:10.1007/s11187-020-00374-4
Abstract
"We explore how involuntary and voluntary exits from self-employment affect life and health satisfaction. To that end, we use rich longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1985 to 2017 and a difference-in-differences estimator. We find that while transitioning from self-employment to salaried employment brings small improvements in health and life satisfaction, the negative psychological costs of business failure (i.e., switching from self-employment to unemployment) are substantial and exceed the costs of involuntarily losing a salaried job. Meanwhile, leaving self-employment has no consequences for self-reported physical health and behaviors such as smoking and drinking, implying that the costs of losing self-employment are mainly psychological. Moreover, former business owners fail to adapt to an involuntary self-employment exit even 2 or more years after this traumatic event. Our findings imply that policies encouraging entrepreneurship should also carefully consider the nonmonetary implications of business failure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is Happiness U-shaped Everywhere? Age and Subjective Well-being in 132 Countries (2020)
Zitatform
Blanchflower, David G. (2020): Is Happiness U-shaped Everywhere? Age and Subjective Well-being in 132 Countries. (NBER working paper 26641), Cambridge, Mass., 67 S. DOI:10.3386/w26641
Abstract
"I draw systematic comparisons across 109 data files and 132 countries of the relationship between well-being, variously defined, and age. I produce 444 significant country estimates with controls, so these are ceteris paribus effects, and find evidence of a well-being U-shape in age in one hundred and thirty-two countries, including ninety-five developing countries, controlling for education, marital and labor force status. I also frequently find it without any controls at all. There is additional evidence from an array of attitudinal questions that were worded slightly differently than standard happiness or life satisfaction questions such as satisfaction with an individual's financial situation. Averaging across the 257 individual country estimates from developing countries gives an age minimum of 48.2 for well-being and doing the same across the 187 country estimates for advanced countries gives a similar minimum of 47.2. The happiness curve is everywhere." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unhappiness and age (2020)
Zitatform
Blanchflower, David G. (2020): Unhappiness and age. (NBER working paper 26642), Cambridge, Mass., 38 S. DOI:10.3386/w26642
Abstract
"I examine the relationship between unhappiness and age using data from six well-being data files on nearly ten million respondents across forty European countries and the United States. I use fifteen different individual characterizations of unhappiness including despair; anxiety; loneliness; sadness; strain, depression and bad nerves; phobias and panic; being downhearted; having restless sleep; losing confidence in oneself; not being able to overcome difficulties; being under strain; feeling a failure; feeling left out; feeling tense; and thinking of yourself as a worthless person. I also analyze responses to two more general attitudinal measures regarding the situation in the respondent's country as well as on the future of the world. Responses to all these unhappiness questions show a, ceteris paribus, inverted U-shape in age, with controls and many also do so without them. The resiliency of communities left behind by globalization was diminished by the Great Recession which made it especially hard for the vulnerable undergoing a midlife crisis with few resources, to withstand the shock. Unhappiness is hill-shaped in age. There is an unhappiness curve." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zum beruflichen Selbstbild und zur Arbeits- und Lebenszufriedenheit im Handwerk in Deutschland (2020)
Blankenberg, Ann-Kathrin; Binder, Martin;Zitatform
Blankenberg, Ann-Kathrin & Martin Binder (2020): Zum beruflichen Selbstbild und zur Arbeits- und Lebenszufriedenheit im Handwerk in Deutschland. (Göttinger Beiträge zur Handwerksforschung 42), Göttingen, 29 S. DOI:10.3249/2364-3897-gbh-42
Abstract
"Die Arbeit im Handwerk unterscheidet sich von vielen anderen Berufen durch Arbeitsmerkmale, die stark prägend für das berufliche Selbstbild sind und außerdem positiv das Wohlbefinden der Arbeitnehmer beeinflussen können. Dazu zählt, dass Handwerker die Ergebnisse ihrer Arbeit sehen können, und sie die Möglichkeit haben, das gesamte Werkstück (und nicht nur einen kleinen Teil davon) eigenständig herzustellen. Dadurch nehmen sie ihre Arbeit als nützlich und sinnstiftend wahr. Angesichts von Untersuchungen, die zeigen, dass Arbeit in manchen Berufszweigen zunehmend als sinnlos empfunden wird, ist es von großer Bedeutung zu verstehen, welche Facetten der Arbeit die Schaffung einer starken beruflichen Identität ermöglichen, die dazu führt, dass Arbeit als sinnvoll und befriedigend erlebt wird. Die Studie hat dieses Forschungsziel und nutzt dafür eine deutschlandweite Umfrage im Handwerkssektor mit rund 2000 Teilnehmern. Der Fokus der Datenerhebung lag dabei darauf, einen Einblick in das berufliche Selbstbild und die Arbeitszufriedenheit der im deutschen Handwerk Beschäftigten zu erhalten. Diese zeichnen sich in der Befragung durch ein stark ausgeprägtes berufliches Selbstbild aus und identifizieren sich stark mit ihrer handwerklichen Tätigkeit. Dabei weisen Beschäftigte im Handwerk eine hohe Arbeitszufriedenheit auf. Die Arbeitszufriedenheit kann in Teilen mit der Ganzheitlichkeit der Arbeit, dem Fokus auf manuelle Tätigkeit, der Wahrnehmung der Sinnhaftigkeit der Tätigkeit sowie einer hohen wahrgenommenen Autonomie in Zusammenhang gebracht werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Hartz and Minds: Happiness Effects of Reforming an Employment Agency (2020)
Zitatform
Deter, Max (2020): Hartz and Minds. Happiness Effects of Reforming an Employment Agency. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1106), Berlin, 34 S.
Abstract
"Since the labor market reforms around 2005, known as the Hartz reforms, Germany has experienced declining unemployment rates. However, little is known about the reforms’ effect on individual life satisfaction of unemployed workers. This study applies difference-in-difference estimations and finds a decrease in life satisfaction after the reforms that is more pronounced for male unemployed in west Germany. The effect is driven by income and income satisfaction, but not by the unemployment rate. Also unemployed persons who exogenously lost their jobs are affected by the reforms. In line with the structure of the reforms, the effect is stronger on long-term and involuntarily unemployed persons." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regional borders, local unemployment and happiness (2020)
Zitatform
Di Paolo, Antonio & Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell (2020): Regional borders, local unemployment and happiness. (AQR working paper 2020,06 2020,14), Barcelona, 36 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we provide novel evidence on the effect of local unemployment rate on life satisfaction. We investigate how changes in unemployment rate in local administrative areas affect subjective well-being in Germany, allowing for the presence of spatial spillovers and considering the role played by regional borders. The results indicate that higher unemployment in the own local area of residence has a negative effect on satisfaction. Similarly, individuals' happiness negatively correlates with the unemployment rate in contiguous local areas, but only if these areas are located in the same Federal State as the one where the individual lives. These results are robust to a variety of specifications, definitions, sample restrictions and estimation methods. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that these negative effects of local unemployment rate are larger for individuals with stronger ties to the job market and less secure jobs. This points to worries about own job situation as the main driver of individuals' dislike for living in areas with high unemployment rate and tight labour markets. Consistently with this, the same asymmetric effect of local unemployment rate of surrounding areas is replicated when life satisfaction is replaced with a proxy for perceived job security as outcome variable." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))