Corona und Care – zur Aufteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit in den Familien
Welche Auswirkungen hat die Corona-Krise auf die Verteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit in Deutschland? Ist in den Familien mit einer Rückkehr zu alten Rollenmustern zwischen den Geschlechtern zu rechnen? Die sogenannte "Retraditionalisierungsthese" von Jutta Allmendinger wird seit Beginn der Corona-Krise diskutiert. Mittlerweile zeigen zahlreiche Studien bezüglich der Rollenverteilung ein differenziertes Bild.
Die Infoplattform bietet einen Überblick zu den Studien und deren Ergebnissen.
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Literaturhinweis
Zementiertes Rollenverhalten in der Fürsorge für Kinder, trotz Pandemie – Eine Herausforderung für die Familien- und Gleichstellungspolitik (2022)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Dana Müller & Simone Schüller (2022): Zementiertes Rollenverhalten in der Fürsorge für Kinder, trotz Pandemie – Eine Herausforderung für die Familien- und Gleichstellungspolitik. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 75, H. 10, S. 28-33., 2022-09-26.
Abstract
"In der Pandemie wurde deutlich offenbar, wie ungleich familiale Sorgearbeit in Deutschland noch immer verteilt ist. Die familienpolitischen Reformanstrengungen der letzten Jahrzehnte konnten Ungleichheiten nicht in ausreichendem Maße abbauen, und so trugen und tragen vor allem Mütter die zusätzlichen Lasten der Sorgearbeit, die aufgrund der Kita- und Schulschließungen und der krisenhaften Folgezeit entstanden sind. Sie tun dies oftmals zusätzlich zu ihrer Erwerbstätigkeit und mit negativen Folgen für ihre eigenen Karrierechancen, ihre ökonomische Unabhängigkeit und ihre mentale Gesundheit. Moderne Familien- und Gleichstellungspolitik muss die Förderung partnerschaftlicher Aufteilung von Fürsorgearbeit für Kinder mit klugen Instrumenten jetzt dringend voranbringen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Müller, Dana; -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsangebot in der COVID-19-Krise und Lohnunterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern in Österreich (2022)
Böheim, Rene; Fink, Marian; Zulehner, Christine;Zitatform
Böheim, Rene, Marian Fink & Christine Zulehner (2022): Arbeitsangebot in der COVID-19-Krise und Lohnunterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern in Österreich. (WIFO Research Briefs 2022,05), Wien, 12 S.
Abstract
"Schätzungen zeigen, dass der geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschied mit 12,1% des mittleren Frauenlohnes 2020 niedriger als in den Vorjahren war. Der bereinigte Lohnunterschied blieb mit 6,1% des mittleren Frauenlohnes im Vergleich zum Vorjahr stabil. Im privaten Sektor ist der bereinigte Lohnunterschied von 5,8% auf 6,6% des mittleren Frauenlohnes gestiegen. Ein maßgeblicher Faktor für die beobachteten Lohnunterschiede ist die geringere Berufserfahrung von Frauen. Ein weiterer Faktor sind in den Daten nicht beobachtbare Merkmale wie beispielsweise Unterschiede bei Lohnverhandlungen. Eine detaillierte Untersuchung zeigt negative Effekte der Krise auf das Arbeitsangebot von Frauen und Männern, jedoch keine zusätzlichen Effekte für Eltern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How can we become more equal? Public policies and parents' work–family preferences in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Lena Hipp (2022): How can we become more equal? Public policies and parents' work–family preferences in Germany. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 182-196. DOI:10.1177/09589287211035701
Abstract
"This study examines how public policies affect parents’ preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers’ and fathers’ work–family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of ‘partner months’ in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers’ preferences for longer and mothers’ preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Plight of Female Employment in Germany under School-Related COVID-19 Control Measures (2022)
Caki, Ezgi;Zitatform
Caki, Ezgi (2022): The Plight of Female Employment in Germany under School-Related COVID-19 Control Measures. (The CoronaNet researchers working paper series 2022,3), München, 28 S.
Abstract
"This study empirically assesses the impact of school closures on women's employment in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study's objective is to determine whether school closures have adversely and disproportionately affected women's careers. It tests the argument that the longer schools remain closed during the pandemic, the more women than men are forced to reduce their working hours, opt for part-time jobs, or ask for paid or unpaid leave, or otherwise lose their jobs. The case study reveals that, even though the German federal state has been granting financial incentives for employment during the pandemic, women remain disproportionately affected by the pandemic-related containment measures, notably school closures. This study's finding that more men were unemployed than women at the apex of the pandemic in Germany can be explained by the already higher number of employed men. Overall, the relationship between the demand for women's part-time work and women not returning to work is stronger and more significant than that of men's part-time work and men not returning to work, meaning that there is a growing demand for non-standard forms of employment, such as part-time work, for women compared to men. Childcare responsibilities, which are increasing due to the pandemic, are threatening women's significant gains for gender equality. Although the empirical assessments present varying results, gender inequality subsists and requires carefully formulated policies with a focus on enhancing gender equality and women's labor force participation during and after the pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
COVID-19 and a 'Crisis of Care': A Feminist Analysis of Public Policy Responses to Paid and Unpaid Care and Domestic work (2022)
Camilletti, Elena; Nesbitt-Ahmed, Zahrah;Zitatform
Camilletti, Elena & Zahrah Nesbitt-Ahmed (2022): COVID-19 and a 'Crisis of Care': A Feminist Analysis of Public Policy Responses to Paid and Unpaid Care and Domestic work. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 161, H. 2, S. 195-218. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12354
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on gender inequalities, including increased time women and girls spend caring for household members, and vulnerabilities faced by paid care workers, often women working informally. Using a global database on social protection responses to COVID-19, focusing on social assistance, social insurance and labour market programmes, this paper asks if and how these responses have integrated care considerations. We found that while many countries addressed at least one aspect of care (paid or unpaid), primarily through social assistance measures, very few address both types of care. Implications for the current policy response to COVID-19 (and beyond) from a care lens are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entgrenzte Flexibilität im Homeoffice: Neuordnungen der alltäglichen Arbeitspraxis, der Geschlechterarrangements und der Betriebsratsarbeit in der Corona-Krise (2022)
Carstensen, Tanja; Krause, Christoph; Matuschek, Ingo; Mierich, Sandra; Kleemann, Frank;Zitatform
Carstensen, Tanja, Christoph Krause, Ingo Matuschek, Frank Kleemann & Sandra Mierich (2022): Entgrenzte Flexibilität im Homeoffice. Neuordnungen der alltäglichen Arbeitspraxis, der Geschlechterarrangements und der Betriebsratsarbeit in der Corona-Krise. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 31, H. 1/2, S. 195-213. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2022-0011
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Situation von Beschäftigten und Mitbestimmungsgremien im Homeoffice jenseits und in der Corona-Krise. Adressiert wird die Frage, inwiefern das Ausweichen ins Homeoffice als gesteigerte Qualität einer ohnehin flexibilisierten betrieblichen Arbeit zu deuten ist und welche Folgen damit einhergehen. Die Analyse basiert auf 47 Interviews, die seit Januar 2020 im Rahmen von zehn Betriebsfallstudien in den Bereichen Chemie/Pharmazeutik, Metall/Elektro, Nahrungsmittelindustrie und Dienstleistungen erhoben wurden. Die empirischen Befunde verweisen dabei insbesondere auf Herausforderungen in drei Bereichen: alltägliche Arbeitspraxis und Kollegialität, Geschlechterarrangements und Arbeit der betrieblichen Interessenvertretung. Zunächst skizziert der Beitrag die bisherige betriebliche Regelungspraxis orts- und zeitflexibler Arbeit; im Weiteren werden die empirischen Erkenntnisse zu den drei genannten Themenbereichen vorgestellt. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag die neue Qualität des Arbeitens als „entgrenzte Flexibilität“." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
COVID-19, Gender and Labour (2022)
Corsi, Marcella; Ilkkaracan, Ipek;Zitatform
Corsi, Marcella & Ipek Ilkkaracan (2022): COVID-19, Gender and Labour. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1012), Essen, 15 S.
Abstract
"The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered simultaneously a global health crisis and a global economic crisis which have further deepened existing inequalities along several dimensions, including gender. Increasing gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work has been a primary outcome of the pandemic and the associated economic crisis. Given the disproportionate gender division of labor, women were foremost in bearing the brunt of the increased demands on unpaid care work under the lockdown conditions. At the same time, women were also overrepresented in informal employment and service sectors hard-hit by the pandemic resulting in more severe job loss for female workers overall. In many labor markets, women constituted the majority of so-called essential workers, who were protected from job loss yet exposed to increased health risks and prolonged work hours under distressed work conditions. The increasing demand for household production and the unpaid work burden contributed to weakening women's labor market attachment resulting in higher declines in female labor force participation than male. The increased prevalence of teleworking under the pandemic has the potential to provide improved work-life balance conditions, yet at the risk of widening the gender inequalities in the labor market. While these outcomes point to the threat that Covid-19 poses at rolling back the gains achieved in gender equality, the experiences under the pandemic conditions have also contributed to increased awareness around the Globe of the importance of caring labor and care workers, establishing a solid basis for advocacy of gender equal care policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Public School Access or Stay-at-Home Partner: Factors Mitigating the Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Parents (2022)
Deryugina, Tatyana; Shurchkov, Olga; Stearns, Jenna E.;Zitatform
Deryugina, Tatyana, Olga Shurchkov & Jenna E. Stearns (2022): Public School Access or Stay-at-Home Partner: Factors Mitigating the Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Parents. (NBER working paper 29668), Cambridge, Mass, 20 S. DOI:10.3386/w29668
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic created unexpected and prolonged disruptions to childcare access. Using survey evidence on time use by academic researchers before and after the pandemic, we analyze the extent to which greater access to either school-based or partner-provided childcare mitigated the severe disruptions to research observed among parents during COVID-19. We find that access to public schools offset the research time loss to a greater extent among mothers of young children relative to fathers, narrowing the emerging post-pandemic gender gap. Having a stay-at-home partner reduced the disruptions to research time equally for both genders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of School and Childcare Closures on Labor Market Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)
Garcia, Kairon Shayne D.; Cowan, Benjamin W.;Zitatform
Garcia, Kairon Shayne D. & Benjamin W. Cowan (2022): The Impact of School and Childcare Closures on Labor Market Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. (NBER working paper 29641), Cambridge, Mass, 27 S. DOI:10.3386/w29641
Abstract
"A substantial fraction of schools and childcare facilities in the United States closed their in-person operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. These closures may carry substantial costs to the families of affected children. In this paper, we examine the impact of school and childcare closures on parental labor market outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we test whether COVID-19 school closures have a disproportionate impact on parents of school-age children (age 5-17 years old) and whether childcare closures affect parents of young children (age" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the domestic division of labor when both parents are involuntarily working from home: The effects of the UK COVID pandemic (2022)
Zitatform
Garcia, Reece (2022): Exploring the domestic division of labor when both parents are involuntarily working from home: The effects of the UK COVID pandemic. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 1065-1081. DOI:10.1111/gwao.12796
Abstract
"As part of the UK's response to the COVID pandemic many co-habiting parents simultaneously began working from home, often involuntarily, potentially disrupting established divisions of domestic labor. Through 30 qualitative interviews with 15 heterosexual dual-earning parents, this article explores the extent and nature of changes in respective labor allocations following the transition to home working. The data reveals that both women and men increased their time spent on domestic labor, though typically men's changes were insufficient to overturn pre-existing unequal divisions, and women were more likely to reduce their employment hours to “better” balance caring and housework responsibilities. Men were also likely to see their increased domestic contributions as temporary during these exceptional circumstances with evidence of couples “doing” gender. Where partners did transition toward greater egalitarianism, men were actively taking ownership of new unpaid tasks and adapting their (gendered) familial identities as their work and family roles changed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aufteilung der Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit zwischen Frauen und Männern: In der Pandemie ändern sich Geschlechterrollen kaum (2022)
Globisch, Claudia; Volkert, Marieke ; Abendroth, Anja; Anger, Silke ; Dummert, Sandra ; Danneck, Viktoria; Christoph, Bernhard ; Fuchs, Michaela ; Boll, Christina ; Schüller, Simone ; Müller, Dana; Knize, Veronika ; Jacob, Marita ; Kreyenfeld, Michaela ; Lott, Yvonne ; Tobler, Lina ; Hipp, Lena ; Sauermann, Armin; Carstensen, Tanja; Naujoks, Tabea ; Fervers, Lukas ;Zitatform
Globisch, Claudia, Dana Müller, Michaela Fuchs, Bernhard Christoph, Viktoria Danneck, Sandra Dummert, Marieke Volkert, Anja Abendroth, Silke Anger, Christina Boll, Tanja Carstensen, Lukas Fervers, Lena Hipp, Marita Jacob, Veronika Knize, Michaela Kreyenfeld, Yvonne Lott, Tabea Naujoks, Armin Sauermann, Simone Schüller & Lina Tobler (2022): Aufteilung der Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit zwischen Frauen und Männern: In der Pandemie ändern sich Geschlechterrollen kaum. (IAB-Kurzbericht 05/2022), Nürnberg, 12 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2205
Abstract
"Die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie verschärfen bereits existierende Ungleichheiten in vielen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen sowie in Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt. Ob und in welchem Ausmaß dies auch in Bezug auf die Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern zutrifft, wird anhand einer Online-Panelbefragung des IAB untersucht. Im Fokus stehen die Ungleichheiten zwischen den Geschlechtern hinsichtlich des Umfangs der Arbeitszeiten in der Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit sowie der Homeoffice-Nutzung. Außerdem gehen die Autorinnen und Autoren der Frage nach, ob sich die Sorgearbeit weiter hin zu den Müttern verlagert hat oder ob Väter einen höheren Anteil daran übernommen haben als vor der Krise." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Globisch, Claudia; Volkert, Marieke ; Anger, Silke ; Dummert, Sandra ; Christoph, Bernhard ; Fuchs, Michaela ; Müller, Dana; Knize, Veronika ;Weiterführende Informationen
- Kinderbetreuung von Müttern und Vätern mit Kindern unter 12 Jahren in Paarhaushalten
- Ein Interview mit den Autorinnen und Autoren finden sie im IAB-Forum.
- Entwicklung der Arbeitszeit nach Geschlecht, Alter der Kinder und Art der Kinderbetreuung
- Veränderung der Beteiligung von Vätern an der Kinderbetreuung
- Entwicklung der Arbeitszeit nach Geschlecht und Kindern im Haushalt
- Veränderung der Beteiligung von Vätern an der Kinderbetreuung nach Bildungsniveau
- Sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigte Frauen und Männer nach Wirtschaftsbereichen in Deutschland
- Aufteilung der Kinderbetreuung nach Lockdown-spezifischen Arbeitsarrangements von Vätern und Müttern
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Literaturhinweis
Shared leave, happier parent couples? Parental leave and relationship satisfaction in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Goldacker, Kristina, Janna Wilhelm, Susanne Wirag, Pia Dahl, Tanja Riotte & Pia S. Schober (2022): Shared leave, happier parent couples? Parental leave and relationship satisfaction in Germany. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 197-211. DOI:10.1177/09589287211056187
Abstract
"This study investigates how parental leave policies and uptake may impact heterosexual couples’ relationship satisfaction. It focuses on Germany as an example of a country with a history of familialist policies and long maternal leaves that has recently undergone a significant policy shift. We extend the literature by examining the effects of maternal and paternal leave duration on both partners’ relationship satisfaction while distinguishing between the length of solo, joint and overall leave. The study applies two different methods on data from the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam). First, the study applies fixed-effects regression models (n = 1046 couples) to investigate the impact of parental leave duration on the change in mothers’ and fathers’ satisfaction over the child’s early years. Second, drawing on exogenous variation as a result of the parental leave reform of 2007, which shortened paid leave for mothers and incentivised fathers’ leave take-up, difference-in-difference analyses (n = 1403 couples) analyse reform effects on relationship satisfaction of parents with 3-year-old children. The fixed-effects models indicated a consistent negative impact of maternal – especially solo – leave duration on both mothers’ and fathers’ relationship satisfaction. No significant effects of paternal leave length were found. The difference-in-difference approach revealed a positive reform effect on mothers’ relationship satisfaction. In combination, these results suggest that the reduction in maternal leave as part of the reform has had a greater impact on couples’ relationship quality than the relatively short duration of leave taken by most fathers after the introduction of the individual leave entitlement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women (2022)
Goldin, Claudia;Zitatform
Goldin, Claudia (2022): Understanding the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women. (NBER working paper 29974), Cambridge, Mass, 59 S. DOI:10.3386/w29974
Abstract
"The impact of the pandemic on the employment, labor supply, and caregiving of women is assessed. Compared with previous recessions, that induced by COVID-19 impacted women's employment and labor force participation more relative to men. But the big divide was less between men and women than it was between the more- and the less-educated. Contrary to many accounts, women did not exit the labor force in large numbers, and they did not greatly decrease their hours of work. The aggregate female labor force participation rate did not plummet. The ability to balance caregiving and work differed greatly by education, occupation, and race. The more educated could work from home. Those who began the period employed in various in-person “service” occupations and establishments experienced large reductions in employment. Black women were more negatively impacted beyond other factors considered and the health impact of COVID-19 is a probable reason. The estimation of the pandemic's impact depends on the counterfactual used. The real story of women during the pandemic concerns the fact that employed women who were educating their children, and working adult daughters who were caring for their parents, were stressed because they were in the labor force, not because they left." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Schools, Job Flexibility, and Married Women's Labor Supply: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)
Zitatform
Hansen, Benjamin, Joseph J. Sabia & Jessamyn Schaller (2022): Schools, Job Flexibility, and Married Women's Labor Supply: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic. (NBER working paper 29660), Cambridge, Mass, 33 S. DOI:10.3386/w29660
Abstract
"This study explores the effect of school reopenings during the COVID-19 pandemic on married women's labor supply. We proxy for in-person attendance at US K-12 schools using smartphone data from Safegraph and measure female employment, hours, and remote work using the Current Population Survey. Difference-in-differences estimates show that K-12 reopenings are associated with significant increases in employment and hours among married women with school-aged children, with no measurable effects on labor supply in comparison groups. Employment effects of school reopenings are concentrated among mothers of older school-aged children, while remote work may mitigate effects for mothers of younger children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of partnership and parenthood status in growing disparities between types of families (2022)
Zitatform
Hiekel, Nicole & Mine Kühn (2022): Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of partnership and parenthood status in growing disparities between types of families. In: Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Jg. 63, H. 4, S. 594-609. DOI:10.1177/00221465221109195
Abstract
"This study investigates mental health inequalities by family type and gender during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Using data from the German Family Panel, we compared three dimensions of mental health (i.e., self-reported stress, exhaustion, and loneliness) one year before the pandemic and in spring 2020. First, two-parent families emerged as a vulnerable group, as the levels of stress and exhaustion they reported during the pandemic converged with those experienced by single parents. Second, a gender gap emerged during this global health crisis, with women, and particularly mothers, reporting significantly worse mental health compared to men in the same family type. Our findings underline the substantive value of studying mental health inequality from a multidimensional perspective and over time. Based on these findings, we urge policy makers to consider more seriously the disproportionate burdens that families, and women in particular, have been carrying due to the pandemic both directly and indirectly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? Cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers (2022)
Zitatform
Hipp, Lena & Markus Konrad (2022): Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? Cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 134-160. DOI:10.20377/jfr-697
Abstract
"Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men’s and women’s professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world’s largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the cross-country variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers’ productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors – school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men’s and women’s productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average – but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Corona - Chance für einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Arbeitswelt?: Wie sich die Arbeitsbedingungen von Frauen (und Männern) in der Pandemie verändert haben : Eine Beschäftigtenumfrage (2022)
Holler, Markus; Richter, Mareike; Weusthoff, Anja;Zitatform
(2022): Corona - Chance für einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Arbeitswelt? Wie sich die Arbeitsbedingungen von Frauen (und Männern) in der Pandemie verändert haben : Eine Beschäftigtenumfrage. Berlin, 38 S.
Abstract
"Auf den Schultern von Frauen lasten hohe Gesundheitsrisiken, sie stemmen große Belastungen, schlagen sich mit schlechten Arbeitsbedingungen herum und kämpfen mit finanziellen Einbußen. Zu diesen Ergebnissen kommt die vorliegende Sonderauswertung des DGB Index „Gute Arbeit“. Das unterstreicht noch einmal: Frauen dürfen nicht zu kurz kommen, wenn es darum geht, gute politische und betriebliche Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen – beim Einkommen, beim Infektionsschutz, im Home-Office oder im Rahmen der Digitalisierung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Der Vertrauensverlust der Mütter in der Pandemie: Befunde eines repräsentativen Bevölkerungspanels (2022)
Zitatform
Hövermann, Andreas & Bettina Kohlrausch (2022): Der Vertrauensverlust der Mütter in der Pandemie. Befunde eines repräsentativen Bevölkerungspanels. (WSI-Report 73), Düsseldorf, 19 S.
Abstract
"Zahlreiche Studien zeigten, dass Eltern – und hier insbesondere Mütter – besonders häufig und in vielfältiger Weise bereits früh zu den Hauptleidtragenden der Pandemie gehörten. Auch zwei Jahre nach Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie können wir dies anhand der vorliegenden Auswertungen der jüngsten Befragungsdaten aus dem Januar 2022 der HBS-Panel-Erwerbspersonenbefragung bestätigen. Mütter tragen weiterhin deutlich stärker die Hauptbetreuungslast als Väter und berichten zuletzt verstärkt wieder von Arbeitszeitreduktionen, die sich so bei Vätern nicht zeigen. Mütter äußern zudem in besonderem Ausmaß sozio-emotionale Belastungen und gesellschaftliche Sorgen, die zuletzt wieder anstiegen. Zudem scheint diese Situation auch erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Zufriedenheit mit dem Krisenmanagement der Bundesregierung zu haben, da diese unter Müttern zuletzt nur noch sehr gering ausfällt. Detailliertere Analysen der Perspektiven auf die Pandemie unter Müttern zeigen darüber hinaus eine starke Polarisierung, die sicherlich auch z.T. die große Sorge unter Müttern über den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt erklären kann. Zusammengenommen zeichnen die Befunde ein besorgniserregendes Bild großer Belastungen und politischen Vertrauensverlusts, die zudem mit Prozessen der Retraditionalisierung bei der Betreuungsübernahme einhergehen. Diese Folgen unzureichender politischer Berücksichtigung und Absicherung von Sorgearbeit in der Pandemie und der daraus folgenden weitreichenden Individualisierung der Sorgearbeit sollten politisch unbedingt ernst genommen werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktwirkung der Covid-19-Pandemie: Ähnlicher Arbeitszeitausfall, aber bei Müttern höhere zusätzliche Belastung durch Kinderbetreuung (2022)
Zitatform
Illing, Hannah, Michael Oberfichtner, Nico Pestel, Johannes Schmieder & Simon Trenkle (2022): Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktwirkung der Covid-19-Pandemie: Ähnlicher Arbeitszeitausfall, aber bei Müttern höhere zusätzliche Belastung durch Kinderbetreuung. (IAB-Kurzbericht 03/2022), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2203
Abstract
"Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat im Frühjahr 2020 eine Rezession ausgelöst, von der - anders als in früheren Rezessionen - Frauen ähnlich stark betroffen waren wie Männer. Die Kita- und Schulschließungen führten außerdem zu sehr starken zusätzlichen Belastungen für Eltern. Mütter haben dabei deutlich mehr zusätzliche Zeit für Kinderbetreuung übernommen als Väter." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Veränderung des Arbeitsausfalls und der wöchentlichen Arbeitsstunden von Frauen und Männern
- Entwicklung des Arbeitsausfalls und der wöchentlichen Arbeitsstunden nach Branchen
- Veränderung der zeitlichen Gesamtbelastung und der Lebenszufriedenheit von Frauen und Männern im Vergleich zu Februar 2020
- Monatliches Ausmaß von Kurzarbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit sowie Anteil von Frauen an den Beschäftigten in Kurzarbeit
- Der Kurzbericht wird zeitgleich in der Reihe IZA Standpunkte Nr. 102 publiziert.
- Veränderung der wöchentlichen Kinderbetreuungszeit von Frauen und Männern im Vergleich zu Februar 2020
- Zusammenhang von dem durchschnittlichen prozentualen Arbeitsausfall (von Februar bis Oktober 2020) und dem Frauenanteil (im Dezember 2019)
- Ein Interview mit den Autorinnen und Autoren finden sie im IAB-Forum.
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Literaturhinweis
'You Can't Eat Soap': Reimagining COVID-19, Work, Family and Employment from the Global South (2022)
Zitatform
Jaga, Ameeta & Ariane Ollier-Malaterre (2022): 'You Can't Eat Soap': Reimagining COVID-19, Work, Family and Employment from the Global South. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 769-780. DOI:10.1177/09500170211069806
Abstract
"This article problematises the assumptions regarding work, family and employment that underlie the World Health Organization (WHO)’s COVID-19 guidelines. The scientific evidence grounding sanitary and social distancing recommendations is embedded in conceptualisations of work as skilled jobs in the formal economy and of family as urban and nuclear. These are Global North rather than universal paradigms. We build on theories from the South and an intersectional analysis of gender and class inequalities to highlight contextual complexities currently neglected in responses to COVID-19. We argue that building on both science and local knowledge can help democratise workable solutions for a range of different work, family and employment realities in the Global South. Finally, we propose a research agenda calling for strengthened North–South dialogue to provincialise knowledge, account for differences in histories, locality and resource-availability, and foster greater local participation in policy formulation regarding sanitary measures and vaccination campaigns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))