Working Poor – Arm trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung?
Forschungsbefunde zeigen, dass Armut auch unter Vollzeitbeschäftigten zunimmt. Als "Working Poor" werden Beschäftigte bezeichnet, die trotz bezahlter Arbeit unterhalb der nationalen Armutsgrenze leben. Die "Lohnarmutsgrenze" liegt laut EU bei 60 Prozent des durchschnittlichen Vollzeiterwerbseinkommens eines Landes. Ist diese Entwicklung eine Konsequenz der Globalisierung oder der Reformen der letzten Jahre im Bereich der sozialen Sicherungssysteme und Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen? Die Infoplattform bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand im In- und Ausland.
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Literaturhinweis
No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty (2026)
Zitatform
Brülle, Jan (2026): No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty. In: European Societies, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 433-461. DOI:10.1162/euso.a.19
Abstract
"The paper studies effects of social policies on in-work poverty risks, distinguishing between measures that either intervene in labor market processes - i.e. predistribution policies - or redistribute towards those with low incomes. The analyses use data from EU-SILC and macro-level indicators from various sources to estimate general as well as household-typespecific effects using longitudinal methods. Results reveal important differences between specific policies: increasing minimum wages contributes to reducing low-wage risks, but has no significant effect on in-work poverty risks. In contrast, there is a negative effect of strict employment protection legislation across almost all household types on in-work poverty, which is consistent with the positive role this measure plays for supporting earnings that are sufficient to provide not only for one person, but also potential dependants in the household. With respect to redistributional policies, both unemployment benefits and benefits to low earners reduce poverty due to their contribution to public poverty-reduction. However, whereas unemployment benefits only reduce in-work poverty among couple households, benefits to low earners mainly contribute to lower poverty risks among employed single parents. Overall, the results underscore that predistributional and redistributional as well as universal and targeted interventions cannot easily substitute each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In‐Work Poverty Transitions Dynamics: The Role of Active Labour Market Policies Across European Nations Using EU-SILC (2026)
Fabra-López, Alberto;Zitatform
Fabra-López, Alberto (2026): In‐Work Poverty Transitions Dynamics: The Role of Active Labour Market Policies Across European Nations Using EU-SILC. In: Social Policy and Administration, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1111/spol.70082
Abstract
"This paper investigates the relationship between Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) and in-work poverty (IWP) transitions in Europe. Using EU-SILC longitudinal data (2017–2020) for 24 countries, combined with Eurostat data on social policy investment, we estimate effects of six ALMP subtypes and for different subsamples (male- and female-headed households) providing new, policy-relevant insights. This study examines: (1) differences among European countries regarding IWP incidence and transitions, (2) comparative between-country differences on how national investment in ALMPs relates to IWP and (3) how different ALMP typologies and expenditure influence the probability of transitioning out of IWP in a multilevel approach. Results indicate that higher ALMP spending is generally associated with lower IWP incidence and more frequent transitions. The findings reveal notable cross-country differences and gendered results, and results from multilevel logistic regressions show that greater investment in direct job creation and labour market services is linked to higher exit rates from IWP, suggesting that these policies facilitate poverty exits. In contrast, supported employment appears to be associated with lower transition rates. Different effects are also observed between male- and female-headed households, as significant impacts are only found for the latter, more precisely in direct job creation policies and labour market services. Supported employment and training programs are associated with a negative effect on transitions out of in-work poverty for women-led households. These findings underscore the importance of targeted policy interventions that address the structural conditions that sustain in-work poverty, offering insights into the effectiveness of ALMPs as a tool for economic mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Evolution of the Working Poor Phenomenon in Italy (2026)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara (2026): The Evolution of the Working Poor Phenomenon in Italy. In: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1007/s10834-026-10082-y
Abstract
"This study explores the phenomenon of in-work poverty in Italy using four waves of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (2007, 2013, 2019, and 2022). We adopt a pooled probit framework to identify individual, household, and labour market factors associated with the probability of being a member of the working poor category. We then use an Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to assess whether changes over time were driven by shifts in observable characteristics or by changes in coefficients. Results show that higher education, home ownership, and larger household size reduce the risk of in-work poverty, while foreign citizenship, single-person households, and living in the south increase it. The decomposition suggests that the 2007–2013 subperiod, encompassing the Great Recession, experienced the sharpest rise in in-work poverty, mainly due to compositional changes, while structural factors partly mitigated this increase. The overall rise in in-work poverty in the long-term (2007–2022) largely reflects the adjustments that originated during and after the Great Recession, whereas the COVID-19 crisis caused limited further deterioration, suggesting that emergency policy responses may have contained the short-term impact. Policy efforts should therefore focus on supporting vulnerable workers and strengthening family and social protection systems, to enhance labour market resilience and reduce in-work poverty in Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Financial hardship while working: A comparison of standard and non-standard workers across Europe (2026)
Zitatform
Visser, Mark, Marleen Damman & Gerbert Kraaykamp (2026): Financial hardship while working: A comparison of standard and non-standard workers across Europe. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 6-29. DOI:10.1177/0143831x241287649
Abstract
"This study examines differences between non-standard (here: temporary employees and solo self-employed people) and standard workers (here: permanent employees) in financial hardship. It also examines whether these differences are conditional on the country context. To this aim, multilevel regression analysis was applied to European Social Survey data, covering 32 countries and the time period 2002–2018. The results show that temporary employees and the solo self-employed report more financial hardship compared to permanent employees, and that temporary employees experience more financial hardship than the solo self-employed. Both macroeconomic decline and higher levels of social protection generally enlarge the gap in financial hardship between non-standard and standard workers. Furthermore, solo self-employed persons are hit harder by macroeconomic adversity and they are not or less entitled to social benefits than temporary employees, reflected by smaller differences in financial hardship between these groups of non-standard workers. The findings are mostly in line with labor market dualization theories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who are the working poor?: An analysis of in-work poverty in the EU (2026)
Zitatform
(2026): Who are the working poor? An analysis of in-work poverty in the EU. (Employment and social developments in Europe : quarterly review), Luxembourg, 11 S. DOI:10.2767/1170646
Abstract
"EESO quarterly reviews periodically provide an overview of recent social and labour market developments in the EU, accompanied by specific thematic analyses. It is complemented by the EESO quarterly dashboard, which provides always up-to-date data, additional indicators and charts, and national figures. The thematic part of this review focuses on in-work poverty in the EU and underlying factors. This is relevant in the context of European Commission’s efforts to tackle poverty and improve job quality. The analysis shows that in-work poverty is linked to job quality, household composition and workers’ characteristics. Job quality and income support are particularly important for single-adult households. For multi-adult households, workers’ monthly wages remain important for mitigating poverty risks, alongside households’ composition. Even decent wages may not be enough to protect workers from poverty when they live with other dependent adults and children. Overall, while quality jobs often can protect workers against poverty, additional income support policies may be needed for workers who live in households with dependents. These include minimum income, in-work benefits, child-related benefits, disability benefits, and adequate pensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In-work poverty and family policy in Italy: from a frozen to a thawing landscape? (2025)
Zitatform
Giuliani, Giovanni Amerigo & Nicola De Luigi (2025): In-work poverty and family policy in Italy: from a frozen to a thawing landscape? In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 558-578. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2282356
Abstract
"The article investigates in-work poverty (IWP) in Italy through the lens of family policies. Adopting a longitudinal perspective, the work scrutinizes whether and to what extent the configuration of family policy tools - family allowances, leave and ECEC (Early Childhood Care and Education) - has been effective in contrasting IWP in Italy. Furthermore, it probes whether the Italian family policy has reconfigured over time as a tool for countering IWP. The study shows that family policy can be useful both directly - by providing income support for the most disadvantaged families - and indirectly - by fostering the transition to a dual-earner family model. However, the analysis of the Italian case shows that such positive effects are only potential, and not automatic. In Italy, historically, family policy has been scarcely effective. Nevertheless, in the last few years a pattern of slow change has initiated, and its effectiveness as a device to tackle IWP appears to have increased." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? (2025)
Seils, Eric;Zitatform
Seils, Eric (2025): Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? (WSI Policy Brief / Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut 90), Düsseldorf, 20 S.
Abstract
"In Folge der Bürgergeld-Reform erlebte die Debatte um das Lohnabstandsgebot eine wahre Renaissance: Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? Während Stimmen aus der Wissenschaft immer wieder darauf hinweisen, dass Arbeit auch nach der Bürgergeldreform immer mit einem Einkommenszugewinn verbunden ist, sind Teile der Bevölkerung zutiefst skeptisch. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Folgenden gezeigt, welches Einkommensplus sich durch Arbeit in unterschiedlichen Haushaltskonstellationen und Regionen gegenüber dem Bürgergeld ergibt. Dabei wird auf zahlreiche Einwände, die gegen solche Berechnungen erhoben werden, eingegangen und erläutert, wieso der Lohnabstand immer gegeben ist." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Weniger Umverteilung - warum der Sozialstaat schlechter vor Armut schützt (2025)
Zitatform
Spannagel, Dorothee & Jan Brülle (2025): Weniger Umverteilung - warum der Sozialstaat schlechter vor Armut schützt. (WSI-Report 99), Düsseldorf, 17 S.
Abstract
"Die Dekade 2010 bis 2019 war ein Jahrzehnt mit starkem Wirtschaftswachstum: Löhne und Gehälter stiegen deutlich an, Erwerbslosigkeit sank auf ein sehr niedriges Niveau. Gleichzeitig lässt in diesem Zeitraum die Umverteilungskraft des Steuer- und Transfersystems deutlich nach. Die hohe Ungleichheit der auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erzielten Markteinkommen wird zunehmend weniger durch Steuern und Transferzahlungen abgemildert. Zugleich sind staatliche Transfereinkommen, allen voran die Rente, immer weniger in der Lage, Menschen tatsächlich vor Armut zu schützen. Für die Individuen wie auch für die Gesellschaft als Ganzes bleibt das nicht folgenlos." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times (2025)
Zitatform
Warren, Tracey, Luis Torres, Clare Lyonette & Ruth Tarlo (2025): Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 96-113. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13147
Abstract
"The article focuses on the work of working-class women (WCW) amid turbulent times. Its timespan is just prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The women's work, and the key skills involved, are fundamental to everyday lives, but both have been under-valued and under-rewarded. The pandemic shone a fresh light on the societal importance of this work and highlighted how its under-valuation and the women's systemic low pay and inferior working conditions have serious ramifications not only for individual workers and their families but for the provision of key services. The article centres WCW, at the intersection of classed and gendered disadvantage, to ask about inequalities in work experiences. Analysing nationally representative samples of thousands of workers in the UK prior to and as Covid-19 rolled out, we compare WCW with other workers. We show that the women faced both persistent and new inequalities at work: enduring low earnings, pandemic-led risks to jobs and paid hours, little opportunity to work from home or flexibly, and stressful key working roles. We reveal the heavily classed nature of some of these findings, show that others were more strongly gendered, while still others were classed and gendered outcomes that require intersectional analyses of the women's working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In-work poverty in Western Europe. A longitudinal perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli & Stefani Scherer (2024): In-work poverty in Western Europe. A longitudinal perspective. In: European Societies, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 1232-1264. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2024.2307013
Abstract
"This study investigates levels and determinants of in-work poverty (IWP) in Western Europe using EU-SILC longitudinal data 2004-2019. We compared IWP risk and their dynamics across fourteen countries by examining individual labor market positions, household total labor supplies, and employment patterns. We further explored the social class gradient in exposure to IWP, as well as drivers and patterns of longitudinal accumulation of poverty. Relying on a single (standard) earner is often not enough to keep families out of poverty, confirming the importance of dual-earner household arrangements, even if they entail non-standard employment conditions for one partner. This holds particularly true for countries with high levels of IWP and for less privileged social and occupational groups across all contexts. Analyzing IWP inertia, we examined the interplay between genuine state dependence (GSD) and unobserved heterogeneity in the accumulation of economic disadvantage over time. Previous experiences with IWP can lead to future IWP for some, yet this causal effect appears rather small. Our findings have clear implications for the social stratification of risk and policies designed to combat poverty accumulation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Armutsgefährdung von Vollzeitbeschäftigten ist auch in der Corona-Krise nicht gestiegen (2024)
Zitatform
Beste, Jonas & Kerstin Bruckmeier (2024): Die Armutsgefährdung von Vollzeitbeschäftigten ist auch in der Corona-Krise nicht gestiegen. In: IAB-Forum H. 23.04.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240423.01
Abstract
"Vollzeitbeschäftigte waren schon immer deutlich seltener armutsgefährdet als andere Beschäftigtengruppen. Diese Diskrepanz hat sich in der Covid-19-Pandemie nochmals vergrößert. Dies zeigen neue Auswertungen der vom IAB durchgeführten Panelbefragung „Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung“ (PASS)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
‘Workers using foodbanks’: the embedding of food insecurity at the nexus of welfare and employment laws (2024)
Hayes, L.J.B.; Maynard, Naomi;Zitatform
Hayes, L.J.B. & Naomi Maynard (2024): ‘Workers using foodbanks’: the embedding of food insecurity at the nexus of welfare and employment laws. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 318-342. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2024d000000026
Abstract
"In this first UK study of ‘Workers using foodbanks’, 65 per cent of research participants, including 76 per cent of those of working age, identified poor-quality employment as the root cause of their food insecurity. This primary problem of the deficient quality of jobs was characterized by insecure work, low wages, and excessive mental stress. Data revealed an environment in which workers are required to claim benefits because available employment cannot sustain their needs. A contemporary generation of ‘in-and-out-of-work[ers]’ are food insecure because of a secondary problem of inadequate welfare support. Post-pandemic welfare laws are interacting with ineffective employment rights protection to scaffold a low-wage labour market in which jobs are stripped of qualities that meet workers ’ basic needs. There is an urgent need to respond to the UKs record high incidence of food insecurity by improving the quality of available employment so that all jobs deliver adequate income, security of working arrangements, and support for good mental and physical health. ‘Workers using foodbanks’ is an aphorism that captures a contemporary reality in which the risk of food insecurity is embedded in contractual arrangements for work that are forged at the nexus of welfare and employment laws." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Niedriglohnbeschäftigung 2021; Langfristiger Rückgang nur in Ostdeutschland (2024)
Kalina, Thorsten;Zitatform
Kalina, Thorsten (2024): Niedriglohnbeschäftigung 2021; Langfristiger Rückgang nur in Ostdeutschland. (IAQ-Report 2024-03), Duisburg ; Essen, 23 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/81751
Abstract
"Das Niedriglohnrisiko ist langfristig betrachtet nur in Ostdeutschland gesunken. In Westdeutschland liegt das Niveau seit 2006 weitgehend konstant bei rund 20 %. Deutliche Steigerungen der Löhne im Niedriglohnbereich gab es nur kurz nach der Einführung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns in den Jahren 2015 und 2016. Anschließend stagnierten die durchschnittlichen Löhne im Niedriglohnbereich und sind 2021 deutlich hinter der allgemeinen Lohnentwicklung zurückgeblieben. Zum Teil erklären Strukturunterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland (z.B. weniger Beschäftigte in Großbetrieben), das nach wie vor höhere Niedriglohnrisiko in Ostdeutschland. Zum Teil wirkt sich auch das niedrigere Lohn- und Preisniveau in Ostdeutschland aus. Eine weitere Anhebung des Mindestlohns kann sicher zu einer Annäherung der Ost- und Westlöhne beitragen. Um den Niedriglohnsektor zu verkleinern, wäre aber zugleich eine Stärkung der Tarifbindung notwendig." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Myth of the Middle Class Squeeze: Employment and Income by Class in Six Western Countries, 1980-2020 (2024)
Zitatform
Moawad, Jad & Daniel Oesch (2024): The Myth of the Middle Class Squeeze: Employment and Income by Class in Six Western Countries, 1980-2020. (LIS working paper series 887), Luxembourg, 55 S.
Abstract
"The public debate portrays the middle class as the big losers in recent decades, while people above and below seemingly fared better in terms of employment and income growth. This narrative is both conceptually and empirically flawed. Based on the Luxembourg Income Study 1980–2020, we show for France, Germany, Poland, Spain, the UK, and the US that middle-class employment expanded, while the working class shrank. The middle class also experienced consistently larger income gains than the working class over the past four decades. The disposable real incomes of working-class households in France, Germany or the US grew by less than half a percent per year, compared to 1% or more for the middle class. Cohort analysis also shows that the promise of doing better than one's parents held for the middle class, but vanished for the working class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reducing poverty and social exclusion in Europe: estimating the marginal effect of income on material deprivation (2024)
Zitatform
Notten, Geranda & Anne-Catherine Guio (2024): Reducing poverty and social exclusion in Europe: estimating the marginal effect of income on material deprivation. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 301-325. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwad001
Abstract
"Advances in measuring poverty in non-monetary terms enable governments to track social progress on ends, the things that societies value doing and being. Using a national-level regression-based empirical strategy, this research demonstrates the magnitude of previously unmeasured policy effects on material deprivation, a non-monetary indicator of poverty. We apply this methodology to a comparative microdata set covering 32 European countries and estimate the average marginal effect of a small universal income increase on material deprivation. We illustrate the impact of the income transfer from various policy angles commonly used when analyzing the poverty reduction effects of social transfers. We show how impacts vary with characteristics such as country and household deprivation levels and the type of social transfers received. The methodology enables an analysis of the redistributive impact of social transfers on non-monetary social outcomes and is also suitable for other non-monetary social outcomes such as housing deprivation and food insecurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty across household types (2023)
Zitatform
Brülle, Jan (2023): No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty across household types. (SocArXiv papers), 22 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/4qynt
Abstract
"The paper studies effects of social policies on in-work poverty risks, distinguishing between measures that either intervene in labour market processes -- i.e. predistribution policies -- or redistribute incomes towards those with low incomes. I argue that effects of different policies can be expected to vary across household contexts, due to the fact that the link between individual employment outcomes and in-work poverty is moderated by household type. The analyses uses data from EU-SILC and macro-level indicators from various sources to estimate general as well as household-type-specific effects using longitudinal methods. Results emphasize that labour market interventions and redistributive transfers impact in-work poverty risks through different mechanisms and also reveal important differences between specific policies: minimum wages contribute to reducing low-wage risks, whereas effects on in-work poverty are small and mainly restricted to single households where labour market outcomes and household income closely align. In contrast, there is a robust negative effect of strict employment protection legislation across almost all household types on in-work poverty, which is consistent with the positive role this measure plays for supporting higher earnings. With respect to redistributional policies, both unemployment benefits and benefits to low earners reduce poverty due to their contribution to public poverty-reduction. However, whereas unemployment benefits mainly reduce in-work poverty among couple households, benefits to low earners are the most effective measure to contribute to lower poverty risks among employed single parents." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekäre Beschäftigung und unsichere Haushaltslagen im Lebensverlauf: gibt es in Deutschland ein verfestigtes Prekariat? (2022)
Zitatform
Allmendinger, Jutta, Kerstin Jahn, Markus Promberger, Brigitte Schels & Stefan Stuth (2022): Prekäre Beschäftigung und unsichere Haushaltslagen im Lebensverlauf. Gibt es in Deutschland ein verfestigtes Prekariat? In: Rosenke, Werena (Hrsg.) (2022): Alles rund ums Wohnen und Nicht-Wohnen, S. 9-36.
Abstract
"Prekäre Beschäftigung und unsichere Haushaltslagen im Lebensverlauf: Gibt es in Deutschland ein verfestigtes Prekariat? Vor dem Hintergrund des Strukturwandels der Erwerbsarbeit in den letzten Jahrzehnten sind die Begriffe Prekariat und Prekarität nach wie vor Gegenstand aktueller Debatten. Prekäre Beschäftigung scheint in Deutschland alltäglich geworden, jedoch in sozialer Hinsicht problematisch geblieben zu sein. Für den statistischen Nachweis und die Größenbestimmung eines Prekariats, verstanden als zeitlich stabile soziale Gruppe, deren Angehörige dauerhaft wenig Chancen auf Besserung ihrer Lage haben, fehlten in Deutschland bisher jedoch Längsschnittstudien. Erschwert wird die wissenschaftliche Befundlage überdies dadurch, dass prekäre Beschäftigung und prekäre Haushaltslagen bisher meist getrennt voneinander analysiert wurden. Der Beitrag untersucht die Frage, ob sich in Deutschland tatsächlich ein verfestigtes Prekariat herausgebildet hat, indem sowohl Beschäftigungs- als auch Haushaltsverläufe mithilfe einer Typisierung durch Sequenzclusteranalysen einbezogen werden. Grundlage ist das Sozio-ökonomische Panel (SOEP) in zwei Zehnjahresperioden von 1993 bis 2012; rund 10?000 befragte Erwerbspersonen werden über eine komplexe Indexbildung auf den Grad der Prekarität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass etwa ein Achtel der deutschen Erwerbsbevölkerung dauerhaft prekär beschäftigt ist und auch im Haushaltskontext unter prekären Umständen lebt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Would Broadening the UI Tax Base Help Low-Income Workers? (2022)
Zitatform
Duggan, Mark, Audrey Guo & Andrew C. Johnston (2022): Would Broadening the UI Tax Base Help Low-Income Workers? (IZA discussion paper 15020), Bonn, 12 S.
Abstract
"The tax base for state unemployment insurance (UI) programs varies significantly in the U.S., from a low of $7,000 annually in California to a high of $52,700 in Washington. Previous research has provided surprisingly little guidance to policy makers regarding the tradeoffs associated with this variation. In this paper, we use 37 years of data for all 50 states and Washington, D.C. to estimate the impact of the UI tax base on labor-market outcomes. We find that the low tax base that exists in California and many other states (and the necessarily higher tax rates that accompany these) negatively affects labor market outcomes for part-time and other low-earning workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family demographic processes and in-work poverty: A systematic review (2022)
Zitatform
Polizzi, Antonino, Emanuela Struffolino & Zachary Van Winkle (2022): Family demographic processes and in-work poverty: A systematic review. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 52. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100462
Abstract
"This article reviews ever published quantitative evidence on in-work poverty and family demographic processes in OECD and EU-28 countries. Despite the increasing attention to in-work poverty in Europe and beyond, a comprehensive and critical review on how family demographic processes shape in-work poverty risks is still missing. In this systematic review, we first provide a quantitative review of results from analyses that estimated the association between in-work poverty and parental home leaving, union formation, marriage, parenthood, and dissolution of non-marital and marital unions. This allows us to formulate tentative conclusions about whether and in which direction family demographic processes are associated with in-work poverty. Second, we discuss in detail conceptual and methodological advances in in-work poverty research, such as longitudinal analytical designs or attempts to make in-work poverty research more sensitive to policy context, gender, and the life course. Our review highlights theoretical and methodological challenges for future studies linking in-work poverty and family demography." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbsarmut in Österreich aus Geschlechterperspektive (2022)
Zitatform
Siegert, Christina (2022): Erwerbsarmut in Österreich aus Geschlechterperspektive. In: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 47, H. 4, S. 511-535.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag widmet sich anhand österreichischer EU-SILC-Querschnittsdaten (2017—2019) der Frage, ob und wie sich unselbständig beschäftigte Frauen und Männer hinsichtlich ihres Erwerbsarmutsrisikos auf Basis des Personeneinkommens unterscheiden. Dazu werden auf Basis der individuellen Beschäftigungssituation, des gestaffelten Personeneinkommens (Erwerbseinkommen, andere Personeneinkommen, anteilige Haushaltseinkommen) und haushaltsspezifischer Armutsschwellen Erwerbsarmutsquoten für Frauen und Männer ausgewiesen. Ausgehend von Überlegungen zur Arbeitsmarktbenachteiligung und finanzieller Abhängigkeit von Frauen stehen geschlechts- und haushaltsspezifische Beschäftigungsstrategien, erfasst durch Beschäftigungsausmaß und Lohnhöhe, und deren Konsequenzen für das individuelle Erwerbsarmutsrisiko im Zentrum der Analyse. Potenzielle Zusammenhänge werden mit Hilfe von Kontingenz- und logistischen Regressionsanalysen überprüft, womit dieser Beitrag neue Erkenntnisse über die haushalts- und geschlechterspezifische Situation unselbständig beschäftigter working poor in Österreich liefert. Die Resultate weisen darauf hin, dass Frauen häufiger teilzeit- und niedriglohnbeschäftigt sind und in Paarhaushalten mehrheitlich nur einen Zuverdienst zum Haushaltseinkommen leisten, während Männer überwiegend Allein- oder Hauptverdiener sind. Frauen sind stärker als Männer auf Einkommenskomponenten jenseits des eigenen Erwerbseinkommens angewiesen, um Erwerbsarmut zu vermeiden. Aber nicht Frauen per se, sondern ausschließlich (die überwiegend teilzeitbeschäftigten) Mütter sind gegenüber Männern einem erhöhten Erwerbsarmutsrisiko ausgesetzt. Könnten Mütter nur auf ihr Erwerbseinkommen oder andere Personeneinkommen zurückgreifen, wäre mindestens jede Zweite von ihnen working poor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)