Mobiles Arbeiten
Mobiles Arbeiten bietet sowohl für Beschäftigte als auch für Unternehmen Vorteile einer größeren Flexibilität. Die Corona-Pandemie hat die Einstellungen gegenüber mobilem Arbeiten sowohl bei den Mitarbeitenden als auch bei den Führungskräften in eine neue Richtung gelenkt. Die Erfahrungen während Corona bewirkten, dass mittlerweile die Rahmenbedingungen und Fragen der Gestaltung hybrider Arbeitsformen in den Vordergrund rücken. Präsenzarbeit als auch mobiles Arbeiten sollen möglich sein, aber ebenso Lösungen, die mobile Arbeit und Freizeit - "workation" - verbinden.
Das Themendossier beleuchtet die Chancen und Herausforderungen mobilen Arbeitens für Beschäftigte und Unternehmen und zeigt Handlungsanforderungen auf.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
When Parents Work from Home (2025)
Zitatform
Achard, Pascal, Michèle Belot & Arnaud Chevalier (2025): When Parents Work from Home. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17957), Bonn, 70 S.
Abstract
"This paper estimates the causal effect of parental right to work from home (WfH) on children's educational attainment. Using administrative data from the Netherlands and variations in firm-specific WfH policies, which generate natural experiments, we find that children whose parents gain the right to WfH improve their scores on a high-stakes exam by 9% of a standard deviation. This results in a 4 percentage points upswing in qualifying for a general or academic track in secondary school. Additionally, using the labor force survey, we find that changes in WfH policies are associated with a 17 percentage points increase in WfH propensity, but no change in hours worked or income. These results highlight the large potential benefits of remote work in supporting families and their children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home after COVID-19: Evidence from job postings in 20 countries (2025)
Adrjan, Pawel ; Ciminelli, Gabriele ; Judes, Alexandre; Schwellnus, Cyrille ; Sinclair, Tara M. ; Koelle, Michael;Zitatform
Adrjan, Pawel, Gabriele Ciminelli, Alexandre Judes, Michael Koelle, Cyrille Schwellnus & Tara M. Sinclair (2025): Working from home after COVID-19: Evidence from job postings in 20 countries. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102751
Abstract
"Remote work surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze its post-pandemic persistency, we construct an original dataset measuring remote and hybrid work (WFH) in 20 OECD countries and 55 occupations from January 2019 to December 2023, based on over 1 billion job postings from the global job site Indeed. The share of job postings advertising WFH more than quadrupled from about 2.5 % to around 11 % between January 2020 and January 2023 in the average country in our sample, continuing to grow even after pandemic-related restrictions were phased out. Exploiting changes in pandemic severity across countries and differences in the feasibility of remote work across occupations in a difference-in-differences design, we find that increases in pandemic severity substantially raised advertised WFH, but pandemic easing had no effect. We then use job search data to document persistently high interest in WFH from jobseekers and conclude that the post-pandemic persistency of WFH may partly be a response by employers to demand for flexibility from workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Global Persistence of Work from Home (2025)
Zitatform
Aksoy, Cevat, Jose Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven Davis, Mathias Dolls & Pablo Zarate (2025): The Global Persistence of Work from Home. (BFI Working Papers / University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics 2025,65), Chicago, 6 S. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.5253261
Abstract
"Work from home (WFH) surged worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, then partially receded as the pandemic subsided. Using our Global Survey of Working Arrangements (G-SWA) for 40 countries, we find that average WFH rates among college-educated employees stabilized after 2022. The average number of WFH days per week is steady at roughly one day per week globally from 2023 through early 2025. Cross-country variation persists: WFH is about twice as common in advanced English-speaking economies as in much of Asia. These results indicate that the pandemic-driven shift to remote work has persisted and reached a new equilibrium with implications for urban economies, workforce flexibility, and future research on labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Homeoffice: Zukunftsvision auf dem Weg zu mehr Gleichberechtigung? (2025)
Zitatform
Alipour, Jean-Victor, Marlene Müller & Nadine Verkühlen (2025): Homeoffice: Zukunftsvision auf dem Weg zu mehr Gleichberechtigung? In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 105, H. 1, S. 59-63. DOI:10.2478/wd-2025-0017
Abstract
"Der Hauptgrund für die chronisch niedrige Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern ist die „Child Penalty“. Das Phänomen beschreibt die beruflichen Nachteile, die Frauen nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes erfahren, während Männer keine Einbußen verzeichnen. Wie beeinflusst Homeoffice diese Gender-Ungleichgewichte? Verringert die Arbeit von zu Hause die Unausgewogenheit in Bezug auf Haus- und Sorgearbeit, Erwerbsbeteiligung und Entlohnung? Während die Literatur starke Hinweise liefert, dass Homeoffice die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen fördert und teilweise Lohnungleichheiten verringern kann, ist die Auswirkung in Bezug auf Haus- und Sorgearbeit bislang weitgehend unklar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does Remote Work Reinforce Gender Gaps in (Un)Paid Labor? (2025)
Zitatform
Alipour, Jean-Victor (2025): Does Remote Work Reinforce Gender Gaps in (Un)Paid Labor? (CESifo working paper 12052), München, 42 S.
Abstract
"I study how the rise in working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of paid and unpaid labor (caregiving, domestic tasks). Identification uses differences in individuals' exposure to the Covid-induced WFH shock, measured by the WFH feasibility of their job in 2019. Using panel data from the German SOEP, I estimate 2SLS models that instrument realized WFH in 2022 with WFH feasibility. Results show that WFH reduces paid hours and increases domestic work and leisure (including sleep) among women. Men's time use remains largely unchanged, partly because WFH induces moves toward larger, more distant homes, offsetting commuting time savings. Within-couple analyses confirm that the Big Shift to WFH intensifies gender gaps in paid and unpaid work, particularly caregiving. I find that gender norms, bargaining power, and childcare demands interact with WFH in ways that reinforce the unequal division of labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment strategies in response to the first Covid lockdown: A typology of French workplaces (2025)
Zitatform
Askenazy, Philippe, Clément Brébion, Pierre Courtioux, Christine Erhel & Malo Mofakhami (2025): Employment strategies in response to the first Covid lockdown: A typology of French workplaces. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 64, H. 2, S. 168-199. DOI:10.1111/irel.12362
Abstract
"This research connects the literature on crisis management and on firm flexibility to investigate human resource (HR) strategies in response to unexpected crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Leveraging data from French workplaces we identify five main types of strategies implemented during the first lockdown, which go beyond the massive use of teleworking or the use of short-time work. The analysis demonstrates that a combination of preexisting HR practices (teleworking agreements, wage levels, risk exposure, and health and safety committees) and public policies (short-time programs, legislation on short-time contracts, and temps) influences which of these five strategies firms adopt." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wirksamkeit von verpflichtenden Büroquoten in hybriden Arbeitsmodellen (2025)
Bath, Johanna; Brauchle, Simone;Zitatform
Bath, Johanna & Simone Brauchle (2025): Wirksamkeit von verpflichtenden Büroquoten in hybriden Arbeitsmodellen. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 234-249. DOI:10.1007/s41449-025-00459-4
Abstract
"Hybride Arbeitsmodelle haben sich seit der Corona Pandemie als fester Bestandteil in Unternehmen etabliert. Doch ringen Unternehmen immer noch mit der Ausgestaltung dieser Modelle, insbesondere wenn es um das richtige Maß der örtlichen Flexibilität geht. Mittlerweile setzen beispielsweise zwei Drittel der DAX Unternehmen auf feste Obergrenzen für Homeoffice Tage und erhoffen sich davon positive Einflüsse auf die Kultur, die Zusammenarbeit und nicht zuletzt die Performance der Organisation. In der vorliegenden Arbeit, wurde durch eine repräsentative Mehrebenenstudie untersucht, ob sich diese gewünschten Effekte tatsächlich einstellen. Die vorliegende Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass eine fest vorgeschriebene Anzahl von Bürotagen zwar tatsächlich dazu führt, dass Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter etwas mehr im Büro arbeiten, als in Unternehmen ohne solche Quoten, sich jedoch keine positiven Effekte durch besagte Quoten oder diese dadurch herbeigeführte Mehranwesenheit einstellen. Bei verschiedenen Ausprägungen beispielsweise der Bindung der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter lassen sich sogar negative Auswirkungen in den Unternehmen mit Quote feststellen. Praktische Relevanz: In vielen Unternehmen gibt es insbesondere bei der Neugestaltung von Betriebsvereinbarungen aber auch bei Führungswechseln in der Personalleitung oder der Geschäftsführung zu teils heftigen und kontroversen Diskussionen, um die Ausgestaltung der Regelungen zum mobilen Arbeiten. Hierbei werden argumentativ mit einer erhöhten Präsenz im Unternehmen viele Vorteile assoziiert. Diese positiven Zuschreibungen können in dieser Form in dieser Forschungsarbeit nicht nachgewiesen werden und Unternehmen sollten sich bei der Ausgestaltung ihrer hybriden Arbeitsmodelle daher nicht ausschließlich auf die Frage der „richtigen“ Anzahl der Bürotage konzentrieren, sondern alle bzw. die relevanten Stellhebel eines guten Arbeitsmodells ganzheitlicher betrachten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Die Wege zwischen Arbeits- und Wohnort sind seit der Covid-19-Pandemie deutlich länger geworden (2025)
Zitatform
Brixy, Udo & Anette Haas (2025): Die Wege zwischen Arbeits- und Wohnort sind seit der Covid-19-Pandemie deutlich länger geworden. In: IAB-Forum H. 13.06.2025 Nürnberg, 2025-06-17. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250613.01
Abstract
"Während sich die durchschnittlichen Pendeldistanzen in den Jahren vor der Pandemie kaum veränderten, haben diese seit 2020 deutlich zugenommen. Dies hat auch damit zu tun, dass Homeoffice seither massiv an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Allerdings trifft dies nicht für alle Beschäftigtengruppen in gleichem Umfang zu. So arbeiten insbesondere Frauen in Teilzeit vergleichsweise selten von zu Hause. Zugleich pendeln Männer im Schnitt nach wie vor über deutlich längere Distanzen als Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
HOP – An Occupational Indicator for the Potential of Working from Home (2025)
Zitatform
Bruns, Franziska, Britta Matthes & Michael Stops (2025): HOP – An Occupational Indicator for the Potential of Working from Home. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2025-0014
Abstract
"Das Arbeiten von zu Hause aus (im folgenden WFH genannt) gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, da die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien es vielen Arbeitnehmern ermöglicht, selbst zu entscheiden, wo (und wann) sie arbeiten. Es ist jedoch wichtig anzuerkennen, dass bestimmte Arbeiten nicht außerhalb des Arbeitsplatzes ausgeführt werden können. Arbeiten, die mit digitalen Geräten wie Smartphones oder Laptops und einer Internetverbindung erledigt werden können, lassen sich relativ leicht von zu Hause aus erledigen. In Berufen, die soziale Nähe oder einfach physische Anwesenheit erfordern (z. B. bei der Überwachung und Steuerung von Maschinen, Systemen oder Geräten oder bei der Erbringung von Dienstleistungen für Menschen), ist WFH jedoch sehr schwierig, da es (derzeit) keine Technologien gibt, die die mit WFH verbundene soziale oder physische Distanz überbrücken können. Wenn das Potenzial für WFH in einem Beruf nicht berücksichtigt wird, führen Analysen darüber, wer WFH unter welchen Umständen nutzt oder wie sich die Nutzung von WFH auf Beschäftigung oder Löhne auswirkt, zu verzerrten Schätzungen. Es gibt verschiedene frühere Messungen des WFH-Potenzials in den Berufen. Es wird jedoch ein Indikator benötigt, der die folgenden vier Kriterien erfüllt. Erstens sollte der Indikator auf objektiven und nicht auf subjektiven Einschätzungen beruhen, da die subjektiven Einschätzungen der Befragten zu ihrer WFH-Fähigkeit naturgemäß mit ihren normativen Überzeugungen und persönlichen Präferenzen verbunden sind. Zweitens hängt die WFH-Fähigkeit nicht direkt von den Arbeitsaufgaben ab, sondern vielmehr davon, ob es möglich ist, ein vergleichbares Arbeitsumfeld an einem anderen Ort als dem vorgesehenen Arbeitsplatz zu schaffen. Drittens muss unbedingt vermieden werden, Berufe als entweder völlig geeignet oder ungeeignet für WFH zu kategorisieren, da die Arbeitsbedingungen in allen Berufen WFH mehr oder weniger wahrscheinlich machen. Viertens bedeutet dies, dass nicht nur das Vorhandensein ausgewählter (geeigneter) Arbeitsbedingungen, sondern die Bewertung aller typischen Arbeitsbedingungen eines Berufes notwendig ist, um festzustellen, ob sie die Arbeit von zu Hause aus ermöglichen. In diesem Papier entwickeln wir daher einen neuen Indikator für das berufsspezifische WFH-Potenzial, das wir „Home Office Potential“ (HOP) nennen. HOP gibt für jeden Beruf im Vergleich zu allen anderen an, ob es möglich ist, diesen Beruf in einer anderen Arbeitsumgebung als der eigentlichen Arbeitsstätte auszuüben. HOP ergänzt damit andere WFH-Indikatoren, die auf (subjektiven) Einschätzungen der Befragten oder auf Informationen über die am Arbeitsplatz ausgeübten Tätigkeiten beruhen. Zu diesem Zweck verwenden wir Informationen über Arbeitsbedingungen aus der deutschen Expertendatenbank BERUFENET. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird HOP für eine Reihe von Berufsaggregaten nach der Klassifikation der Berufe in Deutschland (KldB-2010) und der Internationalen Standardklassifikation der Berufe (ISCO-08) zur Verfügung gestellt. Informationen zum WFH-Potenzial liegen für bis zu 1.200 Berufseinheiten vor, was einen wesentlichen Vorteil der Verwendung von Expertendaten gegenüber Befragungsdaten darstellt. Zur Beurteilung der Konstruktvalidität wurde eine Reihe von Analysen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analysen zeigen, dass HOP geeignet ist, die Machbarkeit von Heimarbeit in einem bestimmten Beruf zu beurteilen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Die Distanzen werden größer (2025)
Zitatform
Coskun Dalgic, Sena, Wolfgang Dauth, Hermann Gartner, Michael Stops & Enzo Weber (2025): Die Distanzen werden größer. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung H. 16.06.2025 Frankfurt am Main.
Abstract
"Nach Corona zeigt sich: Homeoffice vergrößert die Entfernung zwischen Arbeitsplatz und Wohnort. Das bietet Chancen für Arbeits- und Wohnungsmärkte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Coskun Dalgic, Sena; Weber, Enzo ; Stops, Michael ; Gartner, Hermann ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; -
Literaturhinweis
Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work? (2025)
Zitatform
Cullen, Zoë B., Bobak Pakzad-Hurson & Ricardo Perez-Truglia (2025): Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work? (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33383), Cambridge, Mass, 19 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the value employees place on remote work using revealed preferences in a high-stakes, real-world context, focusing on U.S. tech workers. On average, employees are willing to accept a 25% pay cut for partly or fully remote roles. Our estimates are three to five times that of previous studies. We attribute this discrepancy partly to methodological differences, suggesting that existing methods may understate preferences for remote work. Because of the strong preference for remote work, we expected to find a compensating wage differential, with remote positions offering lower compensation than otherwise identical in-person positions. However, using novel data on salaries for tech jobs, we reject that hypothesis. We propose potential explanations for this puzzle, including optimization frictions and worker sorting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work? (2025)
Zitatform
Cullen, Zoë, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson & Ricardo Perez-Truglia (2025): Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work? In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 115, S. 276-281. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20251029
Abstract
"We provide revealed-preference evidence on employee value for remote work and on the wage-setting strategies adopted by employers for in-person versus remote work. Using data on the job offers and selections of over 3,000 employees in the US tech sector, we estimate that, on average, individuals are willing to forgo 25 percent of their compensation for a job that is otherwise identical but offers hybrid or fully remote work instead of being in person. Puzzlingly, employers do not “compensate” for this positive amenity value: Companies offer similar wages for remote and in-person work at the same position and level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From public to private: the gendered impact of COVID-19 pandemic on work-life balance and work-family balance (2025)
Zitatform
Elhinnawy, Hind, Morag Kennedy & Silvia Gomes (2025): From public to private: the gendered impact of COVID-19 pandemic on work-life balance and work-family balance. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 291-310. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2265044
Abstract
"This article provides insights into the ways flexible, hybrid and work-from-home arrangements have impacted women during COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK. Based on 10 in-depth interviews with women living and working in the East Midlands, England, who turned to work from home during COVID lockdowns, this study found that despite heightened care needs and the additional burdens women faced during the pandemic, one silver lining was that flexible and hybrid work has positively impacted some. All women spoke about how the pandemic and associated restrictions have altered their conceptualisation of space both positively and negatively. Life during the pandemic gave participants extra care needs and added burdens, but it also gave them more space to be with family and to manage their lives more effectively. This sense of increased space for social and family bonding and life and time management was reduced (again) after the pandemic due to the difficulties women had to bear in balancing the demands of work and family obligations. This article contributes to the studies on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on women's work-life-balance (WLB) and work-family-balance (WFB),demonstrating the need to think of innovative ways to support women's flexible work in the long term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Determinants and Effects of Remote Work Arrangements: Evidence from an Employer Survey (2025)
Zitatform
Fang, Tony, Morley Gunderson, John Hartley, Graham King & Hui Ming (2025): Determinants and Effects of Remote Work Arrangements: Evidence from an Employer Survey. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18020), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
"Remote work arrangements are compelling examples of an organization's ability to utilize digital technology. This study analyzes data from a representative survey of Atlantic Canadian employers to evaluate three phenomena: how remote work evolved during the recent COVID-19 pandemic; the factors influencing these changes; and the impact of these changes on business outcomes. Our findings suggest that urban firms, technologically advanced companies in certain highly skilled industries, and firms offering greater flexibility for remote work were most likely to enhance remote work practices during the pandemic. For the average firm, an increase in the share of remote work correlated with higher organizational productivity, improved employee performance, and greater new product/service innovation. The primary downside was heightened management complexity. Variations were observed along industry and provincial lines." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Rise in Home Working and Spousal Labor Supply (2025)
Feuillade, Mylène; Maurin, Eric; Goux, Dominique;Zitatform
Feuillade, Mylène, Dominique Goux & Eric Maurin (2025): Rise in Home Working and Spousal Labor Supply. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17997), Bonn, 55 S.
Abstract
"This article explores how an employee's choice to work from home (WFH) influences his or her spouse's outcomes. Drawing on the specific features of the French institutions, we show that a spouse's switch to WFH leads to a sharp increase in the probability that his or her partner will also switch to WFH, as well as in the number of hours worked by the partner. These cross-effects are particularly strong on the better-paid partner within the couple (whether the man or the woman) who appears to condition his or her decision to work from home on that of his or her (less-paid) partner. The effects of WFH on the volume of hours worked are greatly underestimated when spillovers within couples are neglected. On the other hand, we detect no significant effect on partners' commuting distance, nor on the type of urban unit they choose to live in." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Trotz fortschreitender Digitalisierung der Arbeitsplätze stagniert die Homeoffice-Nutzung (2025)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Teresa Sophie, Carlotta Hesener & Basha Vicari (2025): Trotz fortschreitender Digitalisierung der Arbeitsplätze stagniert die Homeoffice-Nutzung. In: IAB-Forum – Grafik aktuell H. 12.06.2025, 2025-06-07. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.GA.20250612.01
Abstract
"Die Digitalisierung auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt hat durch die Covid-19 Pandemie einen „Boost“ erfahren. Dieser ging vor allem mit dem sprunghaften Anstieg der Nutzung von Homeoffice sowie von digitaler Kommunikation und Kollaboration einher. Während allerdings die Nutzung digitaler Technologien am Arbeitsplatz in den letzten Jahren weiter vorangeschritten ist, gilt dies nicht für die Nutzung von Homeoffice. Hier scheint der Scheitelpunkt weitgehend erreicht zu sein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Explaining the Autonomy‐Control‐Paradox With the Rise of Remote Work (2025)
Zitatform
Fritsch, Nina-Sophie, Wyatt Sophia & Bernd Liedl (2025): Explaining the Autonomy‐Control‐Paradox With the Rise of Remote Work. In: Industrial relations journal. DOI:10.1111/irj.70000
Abstract
"In the digital age, working remotely has become the new normal for many employees in most European countries. In Austria too, the context of the present study, remote work was once considered to be the exception rather than the rule. Nevertheless, it became indispensable for an unforeseen number of employees, especially within the last couple of years. In line with this transformation of the labour market, more flexibility over both time and place of work leads to a sense of more autonomy for employees. However, the increase of autonomy comes with paradoxical consequences as the new circumstances introduce different modes of control. Therefore, the present paper aims to explain how the autonomy-control paradox works from an employee's perspective, by applying a two-phase explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Our results are based on quantitative data using the Micro Census as well as the Austrian AKCOVID Panel Survey and a set of 33 problem-centred semi-structured interviews. The findings of our quantitative study indicate that especially employees regularly working remotely perceive increased levels of both autonomy and control. The analyses of our qualitative interviews deepen the understanding of this paradox as we discuss eight subcategories in an exemplary typology representing ideal-typical characteristics on a continuum where we evaluate individual preferences and the actual working situation using a schematic illustration in a two-dimensional model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can Work from Home Help Balance the Parental Division of Labor? (2025)
Zitatform
Gaudecker, Hans-Martin von, Radost Holler, Lenard Simon & Christian Zimpelmann (2025): Can Work from Home Help Balance the Parental Division of Labor? (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 661), Bonn, 22 S.
Abstract
"This study examines how the Covid-19 pandemic-induced shift towards remote work has influenced parents' allocation of non-market and market work. Utilizing a probability- based panel survey and comprehensive administrative records from the Netherlands covering the years 2014 to 2021, we demonstrate that the potential for remote work has been significantly realized only after the onset of the pandemic. Simultaneously, following a brief period of school and daycare closures, the total time parents spent on childcare returned to pre-pandemic levels. Notably, while the potential for remote work was associated with reduced childcare provision before the pandemic, this relationship reversed post-pandemic onset. We interpret this shift as an indication of increased flexibility for parents, with fathers experiencing greater gains than mothers. Consequently, the division of childcare duties has become more equitable, and mothers have increased their working hours. Our findings suggest that broader acceptance of remote work by employers could foster greater gender convergence in the intra-household division of labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gekommen um zu bleiben: Was kann aus den Pandemieerfahrungen für die Auswirkungen und die positive Gestaltung des Arbeitens im Homeoffice gelernt werden? (2025)
Zitatform
Gerich, Joachim (2025): Gekommen um zu bleiben: Was kann aus den Pandemieerfahrungen für die Auswirkungen und die positive Gestaltung des Arbeitens im Homeoffice gelernt werden? In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 36-50. DOI:10.1007/s41449-024-00421-w
Abstract
"Forschungsresultate zu Auswirkungen des Arbeitens im Homeoffice zeigen überwiegend positive Effekte für Beschäftigte. Dennoch muss in Abhängigkeit organisationaler und personaler Randbedingungen auch mit ungünstigen Effekten gerechnet werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht individuelle Effekte des Arbeitens im Homeoffice bei einer Stichprobe von 743 Beschäftigten mittels Befragungsdaten, welche im Zuge der COVID-19 Pandemie erhoben wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem eine „kompensatorische“ Nutzungspraxis, bei der das Homeoffice für zusätzliche Arbeiten im Anschluss an reguläre Arbeit im Betrieb oder an Wochenenden und freien Tagen genutzt wird, mit ungünstigen Effekten wie erhöhtem Technostress, Work-Family Konflikten, geringerem psychologischem Detachment und einer erhöhten Neigung zu Präsentismus assoziiert ist. Diese Nutzungspraxis wird häufiger in Betrieben mit starker Wettbewerbsorientierung, indirekten Steuerungsformen und gering formalisierten Homeoffice-Policies angewandt. Beschäftigte mit geringer Segmentationspräferenz und hohem Bedürfnis nach Autonomie können zwar grundsätzlich stärker von positiven Effekten im Homeoffice profitieren. Durch zugleich häufigere kompensatorische Nutzungspraxis werden die positiven Effekte durch ungünstige Auswirkungen dieser Nutzungsform jedoch reduziert. Praktische Relevanz: Durch geeignete organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen sollte eine kompensatorische Nutzung von Homeoffice verhindert werden, um negative Effekte auf die Befindlichkeit und Vereinbarkeiten zu vermeiden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Sick of Working from Home? (2025)
Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric;Zitatform
Goux, Dominique & Eric Maurin (2025): Sick of Working from Home? In: The Economic Journal, S. 1-30. DOI:10.1093/ej/ueaf025
Abstract
"We explore the consequences of the development of home working for wages, hours worked and employee health in the post COVID era. We base our research strategy on a French law passed in 2017 to encourage telework agreements between employers and employees. In the months following the law, many establishments signed telework agreements, and we show that this subsequently led to a much greater development of home working in these establishments after the epidemic shock in 2020. This increase was particularly significant in mid-level occupations, and was followed by a deterioration in the health of the employees concerned, particularly men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered Stereotypes on Working From Home (WFH) before and after the Pandemic: A Literature Review (2025)
Zitatform
Graml, Regine & Veronika Kneip (2025): Gendered Stereotypes on Working From Home (WFH) before and after the Pandemic. A Literature Review. In: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 23-42. DOI:10.26034/cm.sjs.2025.6151
Abstract
"Working from home (WFH), das Arbeiten im Homeoffice hat durch die Covid-19 bedingten Lockdown-Phasen hohe Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Fragen nach den Auswirkungen von WFH auf die Karriere von Mitarbeitenden sowie nach möglichen Effekten für Frauen wurden bislang nicht ausreichend untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der systematischen Literatur-Analyse zeigen, dass bei WFH die Karriereperspektiven von unterschiedlichen Stereotypen und Stigmata innerhalb des Arbeitsumfelds abhängen, von denen insbesondere Frauen betroffen sind. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen wird ein Phasenmodell des strukturellen und kulturellen Wandels für Organisationen mit Implikationen für die Karriere von Frauen entwickelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Homebound Happiness? Teleworkability of Jobs and Emotional Well-Being During Labor and Non-labor Activities (2025)
Zitatform
Hennecke, Juliane & Andreas Knabe (2025): Homebound Happiness? Teleworkability of Jobs and Emotional Well-Being During Labor and Non-labor Activities. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17634), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the relationship between flexible working arrangements (FWA) and workers' affective well-being (AWB), using data from the American Time-Use Survey (ATUS) and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). We analyze differences in workers' emotional experiences during paid work, unpaid work, and leisure depending on the general availability of FWA within their occupation. Our findings reveal a significant negative association between teleworkability and AWB during labor activities for women, resulting in reduced day-average emotional well-being if jobs are also time-flexible. In contrast, we do not find significant associations between FWA and AWB during paid work for men. Additionally, we find no evidence of systematic spillovers to the AWB in non-labor activities for both men and women. Further nuanced findings regarding parents and the role of time flexibility underscore potential gender differences in the impact of FWA on well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When working from home leads to burnout: the role of work–family conflict, job stress and partner work practices (2025)
Zitatform
Kalmanovich-Cohen, Hanna & Steven J. Stanton (2025): When working from home leads to burnout: the role of work–family conflict, job stress and partner work practices. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 46, H. 7, S. 1321-1336. DOI:10.1108/ijm-11-2024-0773
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the nuanced relationship between work from home (WFH) and employee burnout, particularly considering the increased prevalence of WFH after the COVID-19 pandemic. We integrate existing research to examine how work–family conflict (WFC) and job stress mediate this relationship, while also considering the moderating role of partners’ WFH practices. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, we utilized a sample of working professionals to assess the endogenous relationship between WFH and burnout, focusing on WFC. Study 2 involved an online experiment with working adults that implemented a controlled manipulation of WFH to examine job stress as an additional mediator. We also investigated the moderating role of partners’ work arrangements and their effect on employee burnout. Findings The results showed that a partner’s WFH practice plays a significant role in the relationship between WFH and burnout. This effect is stronger for individuals whose partners work a hybrid schedule (partly WFH and partly WFO), leading to higher WFC and job stress. Originality/value This paper contributes to a better understanding of WFH-related burnout by exploring one’s partner’s WFH practice and how this can complicate the remote work experience for some employees. By integrating these variables with WFC and job stress as mediators within a single conceptual model, we provide a comprehensive view of their interrelationships, offering valuable insights for both research and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career Penalties for Flexible Working: How Organizational Culture Shapes Managerial Decisions (2025)
Zitatform
Kasperska, Agnieszka, Anna Matysiak & Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska (2025): Career Penalties for Flexible Working: How Organizational Culture Shapes Managerial Decisions. (Working papers / Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw 2025-17), Warsaw, 39 S.
Abstract
"This study explores how organizational factors influence managerial decision-making regarding the career advancement of employees working from home. Despite a large body of research on the new modes of working, a gap persists concerning the role of the organizational context in shaping these dynamics. In this article, we investigate whether managers' promotion and pay decisions depend on the employee's use of remote work and whether these decisions are moderated by the presence of the ideal worker norms (i.e. high work devotion and centrality) and family-friendly policies (childcare-related and flexible work options) in their work environments. We use data from a choice experiment, which included over 1,000 managers from the United Kingdom. The experiment was run in the second half of 2022, and therefore, this study provides post-pandemic evidence and represents the “new normal” settings. The findings indicate that employees who work fully remotely are less likely to be considered for promotion and a salary increase than on-site workers. This pattern is observed particularly in firms with more demanding organizational cultures, namely those with stronger ideal worker norms and/or fewer family-friendly policies. Importantly, both male and female remote workers experience career penalties, albeit in distinct ways, as both ideal worker norms and family-friendly policies appear important for men, whereas for women, it is primarily the availability of supportive policies that influences outcomes. The findings underscore the significant impact of organizational culture on managerial decision-making, with implications for both theory and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career advancement prospects of home-based workers across Europe: a gender and family perspective (2025)
Zitatform
Kasperska, Agnieszka (2025): Career advancement prospects of home-based workers across Europe: a gender and family perspective. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2549440
Abstract
"With the rise of remote work, understanding how it impacts careers is crucial for shaping equitable work environments. This article addresses a significant gap by examining the relationship between work from home (WFH) and perceived career advancement prospects for over 28,000 employees from 27 EU Member States, with a particular focus on gender and family perspectives. Multilevel modelling is used to analyse cross-sectional data of the European Working Conditions Survey. The findings indicate that employees report better career prospects when working remotely, but these perceptions vary based on the employee's gender and their family-related demands. Notably, the positive association between WFH and career prospects is not visible for single parents and partnered mothers. The level of gender equality and childcare policies in the country minimally explain the variance in reported career prospects for those who WFH. The frequency of WFH appears unimportant, as both those who WFH often and sometimes report better career prospects than on-site workers. These results shed light on how gender and family-related obligations moderate perceptions of one's ability to advance at work and highlight the need for more nuanced policies and actions that consider these factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home and well-being during the pandemic and beyond: a longitudinal analysis in five countries (2025)
Kornadt, Anna E. ; Bowen, Catherine E. ; Lepinteur, Anthony ; Ratti, Luca ; Vögele, Claus ; D’Ambrosio, Conchita ;Zitatform
Kornadt, Anna E., Catherine E. Bowen, Anthony Lepinteur, Conchita D’Ambrosio, Luca Ratti & Claus Vögele (2025): Working from home and well-being during the pandemic and beyond: a longitudinal analysis in five countries. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-22349-4
Abstract
"Given the rise of remote work in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have investigated how working from home (WFH) is related to employee well-being. So far, findings have been mixed and based predominantly on cross-sectional analyses. We used multi-level regression models to describe the longitudinal relationship between WFH and well-being over 11 assessments from April 2020 to November 2023, based on a unique, population-based sample of N = 3403 employed participants from five European countries. Even after controlling for relevant covariates, WFH was negatively related to well-being in the initial stages of the pandemic, but unrelated to WFH thereafter. Our analysis offers a differentiated picture on within- and between-person dynamics of WFH and well-being over the course of the pandemic and beyond and can inform the discussion how individuals, organizations, and societies can prepare for a future in which WFH plays a more prominent role." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zwischen Präsenzpflicht und Homeoffice-Euphorie - Stand des mobilen Arbeitens fünf Jahre nach der Corona-Pandemie: Konstanzer Homeoffice Studie. Ergebnisreport April 2025 (2025)
Zitatform
Kunze, Florian & Kilian Hampel (2025): Zwischen Präsenzpflicht und Homeoffice-Euphorie - Stand des mobilen Arbeitens fünf Jahre nach der Corona-Pandemie. Konstanzer Homeoffice Studie. Ergebnisreport April 2025. Konstanz: KOPS Universität Konstanz, 11 S.
Abstract
"Fünf Jahre nach dem Beginn der Corona-Pandemie zeigt sich: Der Trend zu Homeoffice und mobilem Arbeiten ist ungebrochen. Aufseiten der Beschäftigten besteht weiterhin ein hohes Interesse an hybriden Arbeitsmodellen, in denen sich Präsenz- und Remote-Arbeit flexibel kombinieren lassen. Dieser Wunsch ist längst nicht mehr nur Ausdruck individueller Präferenzen, sondern ein zentraler Faktor für die Attraktivität von Arbeitgebern. Trotz der öffentlichen Diskussion über eine Rückkehr zur Präsenzpflicht lässt sich in den empirischen Daten kein flächendeckender Trend in diese Richtung erkennen. Im Gegenteil: Der Anteil der Unternehmen, die eine vollständige Präsenzpflicht einführen, ist im Vergleich zu 2024 gar rückläufig. Gleichzeitig deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass rigide Anwesenheitsregelungen mit einer erhöhten emotionalen Erschöpfung der Mitarbeitenden einhergehen – ohne dass sich daraus produktivitätssteigernde Effekte ableiten lassen. Eine mögliche Ursache für diesen Rückgang liegt in den sich wandelnden Einstellungen auf Führungsebene. Führungskräfte sehen mobiles Arbeiten zunehmend differenziert und sind grundsätzlich seltener der Überzeugung, dass Kommunikation oder Prozesse unter hybriden Bedingungen grundsätzlich leiden. Diese Entwicklung legt nahe, dass sich neue Formen der Arbeitsorganisation zunehmend etablieren – auch im Führungsverständnis. Insgesamt lässt sich festhalten: Der tiefgreifende Wandel, der mit dem pandemiebedingten Umstieg auf Homeoffice begann, hat sich verstetigt. Mobiles Arbeiten ist kein temporäres Phänomen mehr, sondern ein strukturelles Element moderner Arbeitskulturen. Unternehmen, die es verstehen, ihre Arbeitsmodelle, Prozesse und Kultur an diese neue Realität anzupassen, werden langfristig nicht" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
When Working From Home Fails to Support Work–Life Balance: The Role of Childcare- and Work-Related Demands (2025)
Zitatform
Kurowska, Anna, Agnieszka Kasperska & Gayle Kaufman (2025): When Working From Home Fails to Support Work–Life Balance: The Role of Childcare- and Work-Related Demands. In: Journal of Family Issues. DOI:10.1177/0192513x251356260
Abstract
"The new normal of working from home (WFH) brought by the COVID-19 pandemic enabled parents to manage increased childcare demands while working remotely. Using multi-country data from the Familydemic Harmonized Dataset (n = 9364), this study examines how WFH was related to perceived changes in work–life balance (WLB) among mothers and fathers, considering the moderating role of childcare- and work-related demands. Overall, WFH was positively associated with improved WLB, regardless of partnership status. However, this relationship weakened for mothers whose children were out of formal childcare for over a month and when they increased their working hours. Furthermore, we found that fathers who extended their working hours while WFH were more likely to report worsened WLB than those working in the office. These findings, though based on mid-2021 data, remain relevant post-pandemic as parents continue to navigate the challenges of WFH, childcare, and demanding work schedules." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mismatch in Preferences for Working from Home: Evidence from Discrete Choice Experiments with Workers and Employers (2025)
Zitatform
Lewandowski, Piotr, Katarzyna Lipowska & Mateusz Smoter (2025): Mismatch in Preferences for Working from Home: Evidence from Discrete Choice Experiments with Workers and Employers. In: ILR review, S. 1-31. DOI:10.1177/00197939251355928
Abstract
"The authors study workers’ and employers’ preferences for remote work, distinguishing between hybrid and fully remote arrangements. Using discrete choice experiments with more than 10,000 workers and 1,500 employers in Poland, they find a shared preference for hybrid over fully remote work. However, workers’ estimated benefits from remote work fall significantly short of employers’ estimated costs, with average gaps equivalent to 5.2% of earnings for hybrid work and 24.6% for fully remote work. Only 25–35% ofemployers—those with positive views on remote work productivity and high-quality talent management—value remote work costs in line with workers’ valuations of benefits, particularly in non-routine cognitive occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitszeiterfassung: Aktuelle Befunde zu ihrer Verbreitung und betrieblichen Organisation (2025)
Maas, Martina; Seifert, Hartmut;Zitatform
Maas, Martina & Hartmut Seifert (2025): Arbeitszeiterfassung. Aktuelle Befunde zu ihrer Verbreitung und betrieblichen Organisation. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 78, H. 2, S. 139-145. DOI:10.5771/0342-300x-2025-2-139
Abstract
"Der Beitrag präsentiert auf Basis einer Betriebsbefragung Befunde zur Verbreitung und Organisation der Arbeitszeiterfassung. Er zeigt, dass die überwiegende Mehrheit der Betriebe, selbst Kleinstbetriebe, die Arbeitszeiten der Beschäftigten dokumentiert. Händische und systemische Erfassungsmethoden halten sich in etwa die Waage. Die Zeiterfassung ist in Betrieben mit und ohne Homeoffice in etwa gleich verbreitet. Die Organisation der Arbeit in Form von Homeoffice scheint demnach kein Hemmnis für die Einführung einer Arbeitszeiterfassung zu sein, und umgekehrt scheint diese auch nicht dem mobilen Arbeiten im Wege zu stehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Work from Home on Careers in the Post-Covid Context (2025)
Zitatform
Matysiak, Anna, Agnieszka Kasperska & Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska (2025): Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Work from Home on Careers in the Post-Covid Context. In: Work, Employment and Society, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1177/09500170251325769
Abstract
"This study investigates the role of two mechanisms – perceived workers’ performance and commitment – in shaping the career opportunities of teleworkers and office-based workers in the post-pandemic context of the United Kingdom. We outline a theoretical framework that integrates economic and sociological literature on work from home (WFH) and careers, and accounts for workers’ gender and parenthood obligations. We test it utilizing data from a discrete choice experiment conducted between July and December 2022 with 937 managers. Our findings reveal that hybrid workers face poorer career prospects than office-based workers because managers perceive them as underperforming. Among full-time teleworkers, reduced career opportunities stem not only from managers’ perceptions of their job performance but also from assumptions that full-time teleworkers are less committed to work. Finally, we demonstrate disparate impacts on promotion and earning opportunities based on gender and parenthood, primarily due to differing employer perceptions regarding work performance and commitment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home and health complaints: on the difference between telework and informal overtime at home (2025)
Zitatform
Mergener, Alexandra, Nico Stawarz, Heiko Rüger & Inga Laß (2025): Working from home and health complaints: on the difference between telework and informal overtime at home. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 13. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1465617
Abstract
"Background: With the increase in the prevalence of working from home (WFH), understanding its impact on health has become more relevant. However, the possibility that health effects may depend on the specific WFH arrangement has largely been ignored in research. Objective: The aim of this study is to offer a differentiated view of WFH by distinguishing between informal overtime at home and telework during recognized working time when assessing its associations with mental and physical health complaints. Moreover, the extent of telework is considered. The study also differentiates the group of WFH non-users by distinguishing between voluntary non-use and employer-directed non-use. Methods: We apply OLS regression models with clustered standard errors by occupation to probability-based survey data that is representative of employees in Germany. The analytical sample was restricted to employees whose job tasks could be performed at home (N = 10,365). Results: Compared to employer-directed non-users, working informal overtime at home is associated with more mental health complaints, while telework is associated with fewer mental and physical health complaints. However, the beneficial association between recognized telework and mental health only applies to employees with relatively small extents of telework. At higher extents of telework, the mental health advantages disappear, while those for physical health tend to remain. Conclusion: This study suggests that a nuanced look at patterns of use and non-use of WFH is essential when gauging its impact on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Too Much of a Good Thing? Telework Intensity and Workplace Experiences (2025)
Zitatform
Moens, Eline, Louis Lippens, Kathleen Vangronsvelt, Ans De Vos & Stijn Baert (2025): Too Much of a Good Thing? Telework Intensity and Workplace Experiences. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17721), Bonn, 27 S.
Abstract
"At a time when numerous organizations are urging a return to the office while many employees prefer to continue teleworking, it is crucial to ascertain the optimal level of telework intensity. In the present study, we determine this ideal level with respect to self-rated employee attitudes, behavior, well-being, social relations and professional growth. Drawing on a five-wave longitudinal dataset, we apply fixed effects regression analyses to investigate associations between telework intensity and various dimensions of workplace experience. We offer more robust empirical evidence for favoring hybrid work schedules over an office-only or telework-only regime owing to significant advances in causal interpretation of linear and non-linear associations compared to the majority of existing studies that examine linear associations based on cross-sectional data. Our results point toward an inverted U-shaped association between telework intensity and self-rated job satisfaction, work-life balance, relationships with colleagues and professional development, with optimal levels peaking around 50% teleworking. For task efficiency and work concentration, the association appears to be concave with a plateau, stabilizing at teleworking levels above 70%. Only between telework intensity and employer connectedness do we observe a slightly negative linear association." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Importance of occupation in the increase of gender differences in the advance of telework in Spain (2025)
Zitatform
Ortiz García, Pilar & Salvador Manzanera-Román (2025): Importance of occupation in the increase of gender differences in the advance of telework in Spain. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0322847
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered forms of labor. In this analysis, which focuses on the Spanish labor market, we consider telework from a gender-based perspective in order to identify whether there is a gender gap in this work form and, if so, whether this is impacted by occupation. The methodology is quantitative in nature, and we apply logistic regression based on data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey. We investigate how factors including labor characteristics, education, and life stage and cohabitation affect the propensity to engage in telework. The findings reveal the dominance of women in telework, moderated by labor characteristics (occupation, type of contract, and working day) and educational variables." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The flexibility paradox and spatial-temporal dimensions of COVID-19 remote work adaptation among dual-earner mothers and fathers (2025)
Zitatform
Parry, Ashley (2025): The flexibility paradox and spatial-temporal dimensions of COVID-19 remote work adaptation among dual-earner mothers and fathers. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 15-36. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13130
Abstract
"There is an increased blurring of work and home life in contemporary society due to access to technology and the mass expansion of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Flexible working arrangements like remote work can lead to men self-exploiting themselves in the workplace and women self-exploiting themselves in the domestic sphere in the context of a work-centric society that is reliant upon passion at work and traditional gender norms. This study extends Chung's ideas on gendered patterns in the flexibility paradox by examining spatial-temporal dimensions of COVID-19 remote work adaptation among an extreme sample: dual-earner parents with young children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on Zoom with 20 mothers and 17 fathers working from home in the U.S. with children ages 5 and under between the summer of 2020 and the spring of 2021. Findings indicate that fathers' work is prioritized in spatio-temporal terms whereas mothers' work is fragmented and dispersed. Gendered patterns in the flexibility paradox and labor shouldered by mothers as primary caregivers are considered as potential theoretical explanations for the privileging of fathers' workspace and work time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is Workplace Flexibility Penalised? The Gendered Consequences of Working from Home for the Wages of Parents and Childless Employees in the UK (2025)
Zitatform
Pauliks, Johanna Elisabeth (2025): Is Workplace Flexibility Penalised? The Gendered Consequences of Working from Home for the Wages of Parents and Childless Employees in the UK. In: Work, Employment and Society, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1177/09500170251336943
Abstract
"Working from home has been discussed in terms of reconciling work and family life and reducing gender gaps in the labor market. However, its implications for wages remain the subject ofdebate, with some researchers arguing that flexibility stigma disproportionately disadvantages certain groups, particularly mothers. This article uses data from Understanding Society, theUK Household Longitudinal Study, to investigate whether working from home has different consequences for individual wages according to gender and parental status. Inverse probability weighted fixed-effects regression models are used with a sample of up to 8552 employees. Theresults suggest that working from home is associated with higher earnings for mothers, suggesting that the benefits of flexible working arrangements may outweigh potential disadvantages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disentangling the Pros and Cons of Flexible Work Arrangements: Curvilinear Effects on Individual and Organizational Outcomes (2025)
Zitatform
Petitta, Laura & Valerio Ghezzi (2025): Disentangling the Pros and Cons of Flexible Work Arrangements: Curvilinear Effects on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. In: Economies, Jg. 13, H. 1. DOI:10.3390/economies13010020
Abstract
"The use of flexible work arrangements (e.g., remote, hybrid) has spread during the pandemic and cumulative studies provide mixed findings on the positive vs. negative consequences of these working methods for employees and organizations. The present study examined the potentially curvilinear effects of employees’ attitude towards flexible work options (i.e., flexible work orientation; FWO) on individual- (i.e., performance, job satisfaction, stress, work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict) and organization-related outcomes (i.e., organizational social support, organizational justice, affective organizational commitment). Anonymous survey data were collected in 2021 from 1061 in-person and flexible workers nested within 100 Italian organizations. Measurement invariance across the two subsamples was supported and subsequent structural model analyses suggested a differential pattern of results for in-person and flexible workers. Results indicated a curvilinear U-shaped relationship between FWO and organizational support, justice, commitment and job satisfaction for the in-person subsample as compared to a positive linear relationship for flexible workers. Moreover, in both samples of flexible and in-presence workers, FWO exerted a positive linear effect on performance and a mainly negative linear effect on stress, WFC and FWC. Overall, flexible workers displayed linear relationships among all the study variables, whereas in-person workers showed the curvilinear effects of FWO on support, justice, commitment and satisfaction, all of which increased at high levels of employees’ positive attitude towards FWO. Results are discussed inlight of the globally elevated rates of flexible work arrangements and mixed findings on their implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gendered division of housework in times of Covid-19: the role of essential worker status and work location (2025)
Zitatform
Piolatto, Matteo, Marija Bashevska, Olga Leshchenko, Chantal Remery & Susanne Strauss (2025): The gendered division of housework in times of Covid-19: the role of essential worker status and work location. In: Journal of family studies, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13229400.2025.2526468
Abstract
"The question whether the measures taken to curb the spread of Covid-19 exacerbated or reduced gender inequality with respect to the division of housework and childcare has initiated a large number of studies. This study adds to this field by investigating the role of an until now underexposed yet important element in the literature on the pandemic, which is the assignment of an essential worker status for one or two partners of a couple. Drawing on resource theory, we formulate different hypotheses on how an essential worker status impacts the gendered division of housework during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in dual-earner opposite-sex couples. In addition, as essential work was often, but not always done on-site, we use the time availability perspective to formulate hypotheses on how the impact of being assigned the essential work status interacts with remote-work. We investigate these research questions in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands using household longitudinal panel data from UKHLS and COGIS-LISS, applying panel fixed effects models. The results suggest that having an essential occupation is a resource for women but not men to renegotiate the division of housework. This is particularly the case when one or both partners can work from home." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technostress and work-family interface in the face of COVID-19-related remote work: the moderator role of goals setting and prioritization skills (2025)
Zitatform
Procentese, Fortuna, Flora Gatti & Emiliano Ceglie (2025): Technostress and work-family interface in the face of COVID-19-related remote work: the moderator role of goals setting and prioritization skills. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 272-290. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2247147
Abstract
"During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Italy, a nationwide lockdown required a massive shift to remote work – that is, from workers’ houses. The risk of conflict between work and family domains increased due to the collapse of both into private houses and may have been further burdened due to no training being issued to help workers adjust to these changes in their work activities, producing higher rates of technostress. This study deepens the impact of technostress creators on the conflicts between work and family domains and the role of workers’ goal setting and prioritization skills as moderators easing these relationships. Data were gathered from 375 remote workers during the Italian nationwide lockdown using an online questionnaire. Results show that higher scores in technostress creators positively associate with both work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts and the former relationship becomes stronger as workers’ planning skills increase. They highlight the need to consider the pitfalls of remote work, as it can also have detrimental effects on workers’ family and relational life, and to find a better balance between work and family domains from a systemic perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is informal telework a threat to work-family reconciliation? Comparing the implications of formal and informal telework for work-family conflicts (2025)
Zitatform
Schwarz, Antje & Anja-Kristin Abendroth (2025): Is informal telework a threat to work-family reconciliation? Comparing the implications of formal and informal telework for work-family conflicts. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1007/s41449-024-00428-3
Abstract
"Die Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen formeller und informeller Telearbeit und Vereinbarkeitskonflikten auf Basis des job-demands and resources (JD-R) Modells. Bislang wurde dies häufig angewandt ohne zwischen formaler Telearbeit und informeller Telearbeit, außerhalb vertraglich-vereinbarter Arbeitszeit, zu unterscheiden. Auf Basis von Pilotdaten des European Social Surveys wurden OLS-Regressionen durchgeführt, die nahe legen, dass formelle Telearbeit mit weniger und informelle Telearbeit mit mehr Vereinbarkeitskonflikten verbunden ist. Während formelle Telearbeit als Ressource erscheint, wirkt informelle Telearbeit eher im Sinne einer Belastung. Allerdings geht informelle Telearbeit häufig mit formeller Telearbeit einher, sodass vereinbarkeitsreduzierende Implikationen von formeller Telearbeit durch informelle Telearbeit abgeschwächt werden können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parent's Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach (2025)
Zitatform
Schüller, Simone (2025): Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parent's Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17694), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates whether (and how) working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of parental unpaid labor. I use the recent COVID-19 pandemic that brought an unanticipated yet lasting shift to WFH combined with a measure of occupational WFH feasibility (Alipour et al. 2023) as a quasi-experiment to employ an instrumental variable (IV) approach and estimate causal effects. I use unique longitudinal data from the "Growing up in Germany" ( AID:A) panel study, which administered a prepandemic wave in 2019, and a post-pandemic wave in 2023. AID:A contains rich information on mothers' and fathers' time use for work, commuting, childcare, and housework. I find that the most robust effects emerge for paternal WFH intensity (at least weekly WFH) on parental division of housework: families in which fathers start weekly WFH in the period 2019 to 2023—due to their occupational WFH capacity in combination with the pandemic WFH-boost—experience a significant decrease in the maternal share of parental housework. Interestingly, this shift appears to be mainly driven by a reduction of maternal time use for housework (combined with an increase of her work hours) and less by an increase in paternal time use for housework suggesting crossparent effects of WFH." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Room of One's Own. Work from Home and the Gendered Allocation of Time (2025)
Zitatform
Senik, Claudia & Elena Stancanelli (2025): A Room of One's Own. Work from Home and the Gendered Allocation of Time. (Paris-Jourdan Science Economiques. Working paper 2025-13), Paris, 30 S.
Abstract
"The traditional specialization of men in paid work and women in housework is rooted in the spatial separation of these activities. We examine the possible consequences of the recent expansion of Work from Home (WfH) for the gendered allocation of time. We focus on the time devoted to housework by men and women who work from home versus at the workplace, before and after the Covid pandemic. Using data on several thousand workers drawn from the American Time Use Survey, we find that the gender gap in unpaid work has declined by about 27 minutes per day, i.e. by about 40% for remote workers. Among those, women now spend more time on paid work and less on unpaid work, whereas men do more household chores." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Anreize zur Mitarbeitendenbindung: IAB-Betriebspanel Report Hessen 2024 (2025)
Sielschott, Stephan; Larsen, Christa; Lauxen, Oliver;Zitatform
Sielschott, Stephan, Oliver Lauxen & Christa Larsen (2025): Betriebliche Anreize zur Mitarbeitendenbindung. IAB-Betriebspanel Report Hessen 2024. (IAB-Betriebspanel Hessen 3/2024), Frankfurt am Main, 24 S.
Abstract
"Wie die Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels zeigen, stellen „Schwierigkeiten, benötigte Fachkräfte zu bekommen“ (Verian 2024a), seit vielen Jahren das von den Betrieben am häufigsten erwartete Personalproblem dar (Hohendanner et al. 2025). Der Anteil betroffener Betriebe stieg deutschlandweit stark an, von 25 Prozent im Jahr 2010 auf 64 Prozent im Jahr 2024. Dabei wird Fachkräftemangel von Betrieben aller Branchen und Größenklassen am häufigsten als Problem benannt. Betriebe verfolgen unterschiedliche Maßnahmen, um das Problem des Fachkräftemangels in den Griff zu bekommen. Neben der Gewinnung neuer Arbeitskräfte steht dabei vor allem die Bindung und Qualifizierung der bereits im Betrieb arbeitenden Beschäftigten im Vordergrund. Strategien, die sich auf die Förderung der Mitarbeitendenbindung beziehen, stehen bei den Betrieben hoch im Kurs: Für fast zwei Drittel der Betriebe in Deutschland hat das Schaffen von attraktiven Arbeitsbedingungen als Strategie der Fachkräftesicherung eine hohe Bedeutung (Hohendanner et al. 2025). Etwa die Hälfte der Betriebe setzt auf die Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten und auf die Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf. Welche Strategien der Fachkräftesicherung aber haben die Betriebe in Hessen im Jahr 2024 verfolgt? Und was bedeutete es konkret, attraktive Arbeitsbedingungen zu schaffen und die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zu verbessern? Welche Maßnahmen wurden von Betrieben in Hessen angeboten, welche Weiterbildungen gefördert, wie viele Beschäftigte profitierten davon und wie hat sich das Angebot in den letzten Jahren verändert? Welche Unterschiede bestanden diesbezüglich zwischen Betrieben unterschiedlicher Wirtschaftszweige und Betriebsgrößen und wie kamen die verschiedenen Betriebe mit dem Koordinationsaufwand zurecht, der entsteht, wenn unterschiedliche Arbeitszeiten und Arbeitszeitmodelle koexistieren? Der vorliegende Bericht beantwortet diese Fragen durch eine Untersuchung betrieblicher Anreize zur Mitarbeitendenbindung und fokussiert sich dabei auf Aspekte der Flexibilisierung von Arbeitszeit und Arbeitsort sowie auf die Förderung von Weiterbildungen. Der hier vorliegende dritte Report konzentriert sich auf betriebliche Anreize zur Mitarbeitendenbindung. Kapitel 1 widmet sich verschiedenen Aspekten flexibler Arbeitszeitgestaltung, Kapitel 2 thematisiert ortsbezogene Flexibilität und mobiles Arbeiten, Kapitel 3 fokussiert auf die betriebliche Förderung von Weiterbildungen. In Kapitel 4 wird zusammenfassend die Frage beantwortet, wie viele Instrumente zur Förderung der Mitarbeitendenbindung die Betriebe in Hessen im Jahr 2024 genutzt haben. Kapitel 5 untersucht mit besonderem Fokus auf den Faktor Betriebsgröße, inwieweit der mit der Umsetzung verbundene Koordinationsaufwand von den Betrieben als herausfordernd wahrgenommen wird. Der Report wird mit einem Resümee abgeschlossen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Infografiken -
Literaturhinweis
The Relation between Working from Home and Employees’ Self-Evaluations – The Moderating Role of Management Practices and Colleagues’ Support (2025)
Soboll, Alexandra;Zitatform
Soboll, Alexandra (2025): The Relation between Working from Home and Employees’ Self-Evaluations – The Moderating Role of Management Practices and Colleagues’ Support. In: A. Soboll (2025): Relative Self-Evaluations of Performance – Determinants and Outcomes of Employees’ Comparisons with Colleagues, Aachen, S. 17-62.
Abstract
"Using survey data from Germany, I analyze the link between working from home and employees’ self-evaluations regarding skills and work effort in comparison to their colleagues. Working from home can be accompanied by several benefits. This might lead to overly high self-evaluations if employees do not consider information about their reference group. I take into account two management practices (feedback interviews and performance appraisals) as well as support received from colleagues which might mitigate this potential bias. Results from OLS estimations show that working from home increases self-evaluations, particularly when remote work is done in addition to regular working hours. Further analyses suggest that performance appraisals are particularly relevant for mitigating the positive relation between working from home and self-evaluations of work effort, while feedback interviews appear to be less relevant. Colleagues’ support is not found to have the assumed moderating role. These results are discussed and avenues for further research based on the findings are presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.LPP1221.de.en.v2 -
Literaturhinweis
The socio-economic consequences of remote working: evidence from the European administrations in Brussels (2025)
Zitatform
Spithoven, André & Bruno Merlevede (2025): The socio-economic consequences of remote working: evidence from the European administrations in Brussels. In: The Annals of Regional Science, Jg. 74, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s00168-024-01342-6
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic urged policymakers to promote remote work. We showcase the impacts of remote working for the EU administrations in Brussels. Based on meticulous data collection and using an input–output multiplier approach, the paper calculates four scenarios on the socio-economic consequences of value-added and employment for Brussels and its neighbouring regions. Each scenario diminishes the time non-Belgian EU employees spend in Brussels. The estimates demonstrate a substantial contribution of the EU administrations in the regions of Belgium and highlight the impact of remote working, which is relevant for other cities’ economies known for being international hotspots." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hybrid work and mental distress: a cross-sectional study of 24,763 office workers in the Norwegian public sector (2025)
Zitatform
Trevino Garcia, Lorena Edith & Jan Olav Christensen (2025): Hybrid work and mental distress: a cross-sectional study of 24,763 office workers in the Norwegian public sector. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 98, H. 4/5, S. 399-407. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02136-9
Abstract
"Objective: Few studies have investigated the relationship between post-pandemic hybrid work-from-home (WFH), mental health, and work-life balance. We examined the association between hybrid WFH, mental distress, availability demands, work-life conflict, and life-work conflict. Methods: Data from 24,763 office workers in the public sector in Norway were analyzed by linear and logistic regressions. Results: Employees practicing flexible hybrid WFH (i.e., when needed/desired) were less likely to report mental distress (measured by the Hopkins Symptom-Checklist; HSCL-5) than those not practicing WFH. WFH being self-chosen was associated with less distress. Flexible WFH was also associated with availability demands, work-life conflict, and life-work conflict, which were, in turn, linked to distress. The risk of distress increased with the number of weekly days of flexible WFH. Workers with fixed agreements to regularly WFH did not report significantly less distress than those with no WFH. However, fixed WFH was associated with lower availability demands, not with work-life conflict, and was more often self-chosen than flexible WFH. Conclusion: Flexible WFH may alleviate distress but may also indicate attempts to cope with taxing availability demands, and may even introduce stressors that could reverse beneficial effects. Our results should motivate nuanced, multifactorial assessments of WFH in organizational practice and research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Superficial auditory (dis)fluency biases higher-level social judgment (2025)
Zitatform
Walter-Terrill, Robert, Joan Danielle K. Ongchoco & Brian J. Scholl (2025): Superficial auditory (dis)fluency biases higher-level social judgment. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jg. 122, H. 13. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2415254122
Abstract
"When talking to other people, we naturally form impressions based not only on what they say but also on how they say it—e.g., how confident they sound. In modern life, however, the sounds of voices are often determined not only by intrinsic qualities (such as vocal anatomy) but also by extrinsic properties (such as videoconferencing microphone quality). Here, we show that such superficial auditory properties can have surprisingly deep consequences for higher-level social judgments. Listeners heard short narrated passages (e.g., from job application essays) and then made various judgments about the speakers. Critically, the recordings were modified to simulate different microphone qualities, while carefully equating listeners’ comprehension of the words. Though the manipulations carried no implications about the speakers themselves, common disfluent auditory signals (as in “tinny” speech) led to decreased judgments of intelligence, hireability, credibility, and romantic desirability. These effects were robust across speaker gender and accent, and they occurred for both human and clearly artificial (computer-synthesized) speech. Thus, just as judgments from written text are influenced by factors such as font fluency, judgments from speech are not only based on its content but also biased by the superficial vehicle through which it is delivered. Such effects may become more relevant as daily communication via videoconferencing becomes increasingly widespread." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Adapting boundary preferences to match reality of hybrid work: A latent change score analysis (2025)
Wan, Min ; Zhang, Yejun; Carlson, Dawn S. ; Thompson, Merideth J. ; Kacmar, K. Michele; Perry, Sara Jansen;Zitatform
Wan, Min, Dawn S. Carlson, Sara Jansen Perry, Merideth J. Thompson, Yejun Zhang & K. Michele Kacmar (2025): Adapting boundary preferences to match reality of hybrid work: A latent change score analysis. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 157. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104089
Abstract
"The hybrid work trend, where employees work from home and from the workplace, brings substantial changes to how employees manage their work and family lives, as well as the boundary between those roles. An important yet overlooked question is how hybrid workers, whose work environment overlaps with their home environment for at least part of every work week, navigate and adapt to work-family stressors over time. Drawing upon adaptation theory and boundary theory, we examine how work-family conflict triggers changes in boundary integration preferences, which further contribute to changes in work-family balance satisfaction. Moreover, we investigate the moderating role of spousal interaction, examining ways it shapes the preference-satisfaction relationship. We collect multi-source (hybrid workers and spouses) and multi-wave (two time points over a year) data to test the hypothesized relationships using latent change score analysis. The results suggest that hybrid workers experience increases in both work and family boundary integration preferences due to work-family conflict over time, and increased integration preferences further contributed to increases in work-family balance satisfaction. We also found that spousal interaction enhances the positive relationship between hybrid workers' increased family integration preferences and increased work-family balance satisfaction. This study illuminates nuanced and dynamic evidence of adaptation regarding the interface of the work and family domains, thus providing novel insights into work-family dynamics for an increasingly popular work arrangement – hybrid work." (Author's abstract,IAB-Doku, Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Living to Work (from Home): Overwork, Remote Work, and Gendered Dual Devotion to Work and Family (2025)
Zitatform
de Laat, Kim (2025): Living to Work (from Home): Overwork, Remote Work, and Gendered Dual Devotion to Work and Family. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 130-165. DOI:10.1177/07308884231207772
Abstract
"Contemporary North American work culture is characterized by experts as one of overwork. Throughout much of the previous century, many parents devoted themselves either to their careers, or to their families. These “competing devotions” served as a cultural model for making sense of the world and alleviated the tension between overwork and family life. Data from interviews with 84 IT workers are used to examine whether devotion to work and family is still experienced as oppositional for working parents. I find that interviewees report feeling devoted both to their families and their careers, which I refer to as dual devotion. Such espousals of dual devotion are facilitated by the use of flexible work policies—remote work and flextime—which enable those with dual devotions to accomplish work–life integration. However, whereas men perceive remote work as allowing them to dedicate more time to childcare, women perceive it as allowing them to dedicate more time to work. These findings advance our understanding of the relationship between gender inequality and the experiential dimensions of work and family time: the practices that enable dual devotions, in particular remote work, help parents maintain an orientation to time that makes overwork more palatable. In either case, workplaces win since women are working long hours and men are not sacrificing paid work hours to take on more childcare or housework." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hybrides, Ortsflexibles, Multilokales Arbeiten? Wissenschaft im Dialog IV: Fachveranstaltung der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin in Kooperation mit dem Schwerpunkt "Digitalisierung" der Europäischen Agentur für Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz am Arbeitsplatz (EU-OSHA) (2025)
Zitatform
(2025): Hybrides, Ortsflexibles, Multilokales Arbeiten? Wissenschaft im Dialog IV. Fachveranstaltung der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin in Kooperation mit dem Schwerpunkt "Digitalisierung" der Europäischen Agentur für Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz am Arbeitsplatz (EU-OSHA). (baua: Fokus), Dortmund, 40 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:fokus20250515
Abstract
"Hybrides, ortsflexibles und multilokales Arbeiten hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem weit verbreiteten Phänomen in der Arbeitswelt entwickelt. Die Möglichkeiten des mobilen Arbeitens sind vielfältiger geworden. Mehr Beschäftigte als je zuvor erledigen ihre Arbeitsaufgaben unterstützt durch verschiedene Technologien in den unterschiedlichsten Arbeitsumgebungen. Bisher steht die Forschung zur Passung zwischen Arbeitsorten, -mitteln und -aufgaben in hybriden, ortsflexiblen, multilokalen Settings noch am Anfang. Welche Erkenntnisse können wir bisher aus der Forschung ableiten? Wie erweitert und/oder verändert sich dadurch das Gestaltungswissen für eine gesunde und sichere Arbeit? Diese und weitere Fragen wurden im November 2024 beim vierten interdisziplinären Dialog „Hybrides, Ortsflexibles, Multilokales Arbeiten? Wissenschaft im Dialog“ in der BAuA Dortmund in einem Kreis von Expertinnen und Experten diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)