Arbeitslos – Gesundheit los – chancenlos?
Gesundheitlich eingeschränkte Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer tragen ein höheres Risiko, entlassen zu werden, und sie bleiben überdurchschnittlich lange arbeitslos. Zudem kann Arbeitslosigkeit gesundheitliche Probleme auslösen oder verstärken. Auch die wahrgenommene Unsicherheit des eigenen Arbeitsplatzes hat bereits deutlich negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit.
Dieses Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Zusammenhang von Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit. Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
-
Literaturhinweis
Regionale Charakteristika der Diagnosehäufigkeit unter im Ärztlichen Dienst der Bundesagentur für Arbeit begutachteten Arbeitslosen (2026)
Franke, Andreas Guenter ; Scherbaum, Norbert ; Manz, Kirsi Marjaana ; Lotz-Metz, Gabriele; Pieper, Claudia ;Zitatform
Franke, Andreas Guenter, Norbert Scherbaum, Kirsi Marjaana Manz, Claudia Pieper & Gabriele Lotz-Metz (2026): Regionale Charakteristika der Diagnosehäufigkeit unter im Ärztlichen Dienst der Bundesagentur für Arbeit begutachteten Arbeitslosen. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 88, H. 04, S. 260-270. DOI:10.1055/a-2754-1400
Abstract
"Grundsätzlich besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und der Gesundheit der von Arbeitslosigkeit Betroffenen. Für Deutschland fehlen für diesen Zusammenhang aktuelle Daten, insbesondere auf der Basis ärztlich gestellter Diagnosen und unter Berücksichtigung regionaler Besonderheiten. Bundesweit wurden alle sozialmedizinischen Begutachtungen des Ärztlichen Dienstes der Bundesagentur für Arbeit zwischen 2016–2021 hinsichtlich Diagnosen, Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit und regionaler Zuordnungen analysiert. Insgesamt wurden 4.249.028 Begutachtungen ausgewertet. Im Jahr 2021 wurden durchschnittlich 1,4% der erwerbsfähigen arbeitslosen Personen begutachtet, relativ am meisten in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg (1,9%), absolut am meisten in Nordrhein-Westfalen (19,2%). Relativ zur Arbeitslosenquote fanden die meisten Begutachtungen in Baden-Württemberg statt. In allen Regionen sind F-Diagnosen (psychische Erkrankungen) am häufigsten – vor allem bei den unter 25-Jährigen (3/4) und in Berlin-Brandenburg (62,4%). Am zweithäufigsten sind M-Diagnosen (muskulo-skelettale Erkrankungen) mit den höchsten Werten (35,9%) in Niedersachsen-Bremen und I-Diagnosen (Herz-/Kreislauferkrankungen) mit den höchsten Werten (14,8%) in Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen. Während die gesamte Krankheitslast in Nordrhein-Westfalen am höchsten liegt, hat Berlin-Brandenburg mit 40,7% die höchste Anzahl von leistungsunfähigen arbeitslosen Personen, wobei bundesweit insgesamt 33,9% aller begutachteten arbeitslosen Personen als leistungsunfähig (<3 Stunden arbeitsfähig/Tag) eingestuft wurden. Erkrankungen sind ein wichtiges Hindernis für das Durchbrechen von Arbeitslosigkeit. Entsprechend kann eine Behandlung helfen, in den Arbeitsmarkt zurückzukehren. Die hier aufgezeigten regionalen Varianzen weisen auf nur schwer erklärbare Unterschiede hin." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Psychische Erkrankungen sind unter Arbeitslosen weit verbreitet (2026)
Zitatform
Franke, Andreas, Kirsi Manz, Dennis Jepsen, Irene Moor & Gabriele Lotz-Metz (2026): Psychische Erkrankungen sind unter Arbeitslosen weit verbreitet. In: IAB-Forum H. 15.01.2026, 2026-01-20. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20260115.01
Abstract
"Dass zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und psychischen Beeinträchtigungen grundsätzlich ein Zusammenhang besteht, ist seit langer Zeit bekannt. Eine aktuelle Studie des Ärztlichen Dienstes in Zusammenarbeit mit der Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit hat diesen Zusammenhang neuerlich bestätigt und weitergehende Daten dazu erhoben. Sie gibt Aufschluss über die relative Häufigkeit unterschiedlicher psychischer Störungen unter Arbeitslosen und den Zusammenhang mit dem individuellen Leistungsvermögen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Effects of Caseworker Screening on Employment and Health: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Swedish Sickness Insurance Program (2026)
Zitatform
Hägglund, Pathric, Per Johansson & Kristian Persson (2026): Effects of Caseworker Screening on Employment and Health: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Swedish Sickness Insurance Program. In: Evaluation review, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 30-54. DOI:10.1177/0193841x251358288
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the effects of caseworker screening of doctors’ medical sick-leave certificates. The analysis uses data from people appealing caseworkers’ denial of their benefit claims. Caseworkers at four units made decisions on the appeals. The distribution of the cases to the four units was based on the appealing person’s birth date. One of the units was much stricter than the others (7.8% approved in contrast to 16.1% for the others). This allows us to use birth date as an instrument to estimate the effects of being denied sickness benefits. We find that the denial of sickness benefits, on average, has (i) positive effects on the labor-market outcomes and (ii) no negative effects on health outcomes. As the more liberal units deny sickness benefits for most screened medical certificates, we conclude that caseworker screening is very important in separating meritorious from non-meritorious claims. Doctors’ conflicting roles make it difficult for them to act in the best of interest of both their patients and society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Breaking News: How Media Discourse Moderates the Psychological Costs of Unemployment: Version 1 (2026)
Zitatform
Prechsl, Sebastian & Christoph Müller (2026): Breaking News: How Media Discourse Moderates the Psychological Costs of Unemployment. Version 1. (SocArXiv papers), 69 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/x2bnw_v1
Abstract
"This study explores how the media discourse on unemployment influences the subjective well-being (SWB) costs of unemployment, pursuing two key research objectives. First, we investigate how various topics on unemployment depicted by the media amplify the negative impact of unemployment on SWB. Second, contesting the hypothesis of contextual habituation, we examine whether these media influences vary by the extent of regional unemployment. Using 22 waves (1999–2020) of rich German panel data and a full newspaper archive to assess salience of unemployment-related topics, we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation and time-distributed fixed-effects models. Our findings reveal that salience of personal stories of unemployed individuals and poor labor market conditions in the media intensify the SWB decline among the unemployed. Contrary to the contextual habituation hypothesis, these negative conditional effects on SWB persist regardless of the extent of regional unemployment. Taken together, the findings emphasize that media discourse can reinforce unemployment’s psychological costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Role of Physical Activity in the Unemployment-Health Relationship - Evidence Based on German Panel Data (2026)
Zitatform
Prechsl, Sebastian & Gerhard Krug (2026): The Role of Physical Activity in the Unemployment-Health Relationship - Evidence Based on German Panel Data. (SocArXiv papers), 38 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/ak4sh_v2
Abstract
"Studies have documented adverse effects of unemployment on various health outcomes, yet it remains an open question whether these effects are causally related to changes in health-related behavior. We focus on physical activity as a potential mediator and whether changes in physical activity can explain how unemployment impairs health. Competing theoretical perspectives suggest that unemployment may either restrict or increase physical activity. We use thirteen waves of the German panel study "Labor Market and Social Security" (N_it = 57,124; N_i = 13,123) as well as fixed-effects models in combination with mediation analysis techniques. Based on time-distributed fixed effects models, we assess temporal dynamics. We find a negative total effect of unemployment on self-rated health (β = -0.063; p < 0.01). At the same time, unemployment increases physical activity (β = 0.173; p < 0.001) and physical activity positively affects health (β = 0.046; p < 0.001). We also find a positive indirect effect (IE= 0.008; p < 0.001) that partly counterbalances the negative unemployment effect—implying that the effect is 13 percent stronger net of physical activity. The indirect effects hold for all phases of unemployment. Physical activity suppresses part of the health deterioration associated with unemployment. The temporal effect patterns suggest that increased available time, rather than stress relief, explains the rise in physical activity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Disease prevalence and working ability among socio-medically assessed unemployed people in Germany between 2016 and 2021: A secondary data analysis of the Federal Employment Agency (2025)
Franke, Andreas G. ; Roser, Patrik ; Pieper, Claudia ; Scherbaum, Norbert ; Manz, Kirsi ; Lotz-Metz, Gabriele;Zitatform
Franke, Andreas G., Patrik Roser, Norbert Scherbaum, Claudia Pieper, Kirsi Manz & Gabriele Lotz-Metz (2025): Disease prevalence and working ability among socio-medically assessed unemployed people in Germany between 2016 and 2021: A secondary data analysis of the Federal Employment Agency. In: Public health, Jg. 242, S. 37-43. DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.021
Abstract
"Objectives: To assess socio-medical status of unemployed persons registered in Germany between 2016 and 2021 regarding medical diagnoses and work ability. Study design: We conducted a secondary data analysis. Methods: We used t-test to compare means of groups and odds ratio to calculate the probability for work ability. Results: 4.3 million clients were assessed (43.3 ± 13.2 years; 52.4 % male). Nearly all clients (96.5 %) received at least one diagnosis. Regarding first and secondary diagnosis, 52.1 % suffered from mental disorders, followed by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (31.4 %), and the circulatory system (10.7 %). Of those with at least one diagnosis 41.7 % were unable to return to work. Clients with mental disorders (first diagnosis) were more likely to be unable to work (68.2 %, n = 958,144) than those with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (16.9 %, n = 237,459) and diseases of the circulatory system (9.4 %, n = 131,513). Conclusions: Our study provides disease prevalence and work ability based on secondary data of all socio-medical assessments of the German Federal Employment Agency between 2016 and 2021. Further studies should be enhanced by both individual and external factors to provide a broader perspective.Labor market policy instruments should address both, the improvement of re-employment rates and the targeted prevention of diseases among unemployed. It is mandatory to define target populations who suffer from an increased risk for (mental) health problems and to design future labor market instruments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
In Sickness and in Health: Job Displacement and Health Spillovers in Couples (2025)
Zitatform
Gathmann, Christina, Kristiina Huttunen, Laura Jernström, Lauri Sääksvuori & Robin Stitzing (2025): In Sickness and in Health: Job Displacement and Health Spillovers in Couples. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1162/rest.a.1618
Abstract
"Using administrative labor market data matched to mortality statistics and patient records, we document that negative labor market shocks produce sizable health spillovers in couples. For every 100,000 displaced men, there are 1,100 additional deaths. Of those, 60% accrue to the displaced worker, but 40% are due to excess spousal mortality. We find a stunning gender asymmetry: while male job displacement generates persistent negative health effects, no such dire consequences are observed after a woman’s job loss. We explore several explanations for these patterns: risk sharing through spousal labor supply; earnings losses and public insurance; widowhood; regional mobility and gender roles in the family." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Medicalisation of Unemployment: An Analysis of Sick Leave for the Unemployed in Germany Using a Three-Level Model (2025)
Zitatform
Linden, Philipp & Nadine Reibling (2025): Medicalisation of Unemployment: An Analysis of Sick Leave for the Unemployed in Germany Using a Three-Level Model. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 139-162. DOI:10.1177/09500170241244688
Abstract
"The study investigates whether sick leave for the unemployed is used to address problems of labor market integration – a process that can theoretically be conceptualized as the medicalisation of unemployment. Estimating a multilevel logistic regression model on a sample of N = 20,196 individuals from the German panel study Labor Market and Social Security (PASS) reveals that, on average, 18% of the unemployed are on sick leave due to poor health. However, given a comparable state of health, the probability increases for men, older individuals and those with lower educational levels. These findings are crucial as they reveal a dual role of sick leave in a context with limited access to disability pensions: as a protective measure for sick, unemployed individuals and as medicalisation of unemployment by excluding those who face non-medical barriers to labor market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
-
Literaturhinweis
Prevalence of mental disorders and work ability among unemployed individuals in Germany: a register-based analysis of socio-medical assessments by the Federal Employment Agency between 2016 and 2021 (2025)
Zitatform
Roser, Patrik, Kirsi Manz, Norbert Scherbaum, Gabriele Lotz-Metz & Andreas G. Franke (2025): Prevalence of mental disorders and work ability among unemployed individuals in Germany: a register-based analysis of socio-medical assessments by the Federal Employment Agency between 2016 and 2021. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21603-z
Abstract
"Background: The interactions between unemployment and mental health are complex. However, broad and current epidemiological data about the mental health status of unemployed individuals in Germany are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rates of mental disorders and work ability among all unemployed people who underwent socio-medical assessment by the Federal Employment Agency (FEA). Methods: Socio-medical assessments between 2016 and 2021 were taken from the FEA database and analyzed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, mental disorders and work ability. Standard descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 4,249,028 unemployed individuals were assessed. Of these, 2,213,048 persons (52.1%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis (mean age 40.6 ± 13.5 years, 51.7% female). Mood disorders (53.9%), neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (43.9%), as well as substance use disorders (15.3%) showed the highest prevalence rates among mental disorders and accounted for about 80% of all psychiatric diagnoses. About 40% of them were evaluated to be able to work full time. Conclusions: Psychiatric morbidity among unemployed people is high. However, a significant proportion of them was assessed to be able to return to the labor market. Therefore, close collaborations between unemployment agencies and mental health care institutions as well as specific re-integration programs including supported job placement and vocational training, long-term job coaching as well as integrated mental health care are required in order to improve mental health status, prevent further chronification, avoid labor market exit, and increase employment rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The impact of health impairments on employment entry and the quality of employment among basic income support recipients in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Zabel, Cordula (2025): The impact of health impairments on employment entry and the quality of employment among basic income support recipients in Germany. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 54, H. 4, S. 1299-1319., 2024-03-18. DOI:10.1017/S0047279424000059
Abstract
"Sozialpolitische Maßnahmen für Grundsicherungsbeziehende orientieren sich an den Zielen der Aktivierung und zeitnahen Vermittlung in Arbeit. Allerdings berichtet über die Hälfte der Grundsicherungsbeziehenden, von schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen betroffen zu sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht dieser Artikel die Auswirkungen gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen auf das Verhältnis zum Jobcenter und auf die Erwerbschancen. Die Analysen zeigen, dass 63% der Grundsicherungsbeziehenden im erwerbsfähigen Alter, die weder in Erwerbstätigkeit noch Ausbildung sind, eine aus gesundheitlichen Gründen eingeschränkte Erwerbsfähigkeit berichten. Darunter berichten 51% schwerwiegende gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen, und 25%, dass sie derzeit aus gesundheitlichen Gründen gar nicht in der Lage sind, eine Erwerbstätigkeit aufzunehmen. Die häufigsten Arten gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen sind Erkrankungen des Muskel-Skelett-Systems sowie psychische oder seelische Erkrankungen oder Behinderungen. Gesundheitliche Einschränkungen haben einen signifikant negativen Effekt auf Eintrittsraten in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung, nicht jedoch auf Eintrittsraten in Minijobs. Häufigere Beratungsgespräche im Jobcenter sind für Grundsicherungsbeziehende ohne gesundheitliche Einschränkungen mit höheren Erwerbseintrittsraten verbunden, innerhalb eines Beobachtungszeitraums von einem Jahr. Bei Grundsicherungsbeziehenden mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen lassen sich allerdings keine solchen kurzfristigen Beratungseffekte feststellen. Eine mögliche sozialpolitische Empfehlung könnte darin bestehen, gesundheitliche Einschränkungen als zentrales Anliegen von Grundsicherungsbeziehenden stärker in den Blick zu nehmen. Mehr Investitionen in Rehabilitation und subventionierte Beschäftigung könnten Teil einer Strategie sein, für Grundsicherungsbeziehende mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen die Chancen auf sozialversicherungspflichtige (Teilzeit-)Beschäftigung anstelle von Minijobs zu erhöhen. Die Analysen basieren auf mit administrativen Daten zusammengespielten Befragungsdaten des PASS." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Cambridge University Press)
-
Literaturhinweis
I Can't Forget about U: Lifetime Unemployment and Retirement Well-Being (2024)
Zitatform
Clark, Andrew E. & Anthony Lepinteur (2024): I Can't Forget about U: Lifetime Unemployment and Retirement Well-Being. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17068), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"It is well-known that unemployment leaves scars after re-employment, but does this scarring effect persist even after retirement? We analyse European data on retirees from the SHARE panel, and show that the well-being of the retired continues to reflect the unemployment that they experienced over their working life. These scarring effects are somewhat smaller for older retirees, but larger for those who arguably had higher expectations regarding the labour market when they were active. Despite the substantial variation in culture and labour-market institutions over the 29 countries in our sample, there are no significant country differences. This long-run scarring for those who have left the labour market underlines that contemporaneous correlations significantly under-estimate the well-being cost of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Einsamkeit bei Arbeitslosen mit psychischen Erkrankungen (2024)
Hussenoeder, Felix S. ; Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.; Pabst, Alexander ; Gatzsche, Katharina; Koschig, Maria ; Bieler, Luise; Conrad, Ines; Stengler, Katarina ; Alberti, Mathias;Zitatform
Hussenoeder, Felix S., Maria Koschig, Ines Conrad, Alexander Pabst, Katharina Gatzsche, Luise Bieler, Mathias Alberti, Katarina Stengler & Steffi G. Riedel-Heller (2024): Einsamkeit bei Arbeitslosen mit psychischen Erkrankungen. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 67, H. 10, S. 1131-1136. DOI:10.1007/s00103-024-03933-2
Abstract
"Hintergrund: Einsamkeit ist ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen und steht in Zusammenhang mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Dabei stellen Arbeitslose mit psychischen Erkrankungen (ALPE) eine Hochrisikogruppe in Hinblick auf Gesundheit und berufliche Wiedereingliederung dar. Ziel dieser Studie ist ein besseres Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen Soziodemografie, psychischer Gesundheit und Einsamkeit bei ALPE. Methoden: Für die vorliegende Studie wurden die Fragebögen von 526 arbeitslosen Personen im ALG-2-Bezug und mit mindestens einer psychiatrischen Diagnose aus dem Erhebungszeitraum 09/2020–09/2023 ausgewertet. Es wurden 2 Regressionsanalysen mit robusten Schätzern und der Outcome-Variable Einsamkeit (University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale, UCLA) durchgeführt. Bei der ersten Regression wurde der alleinige Prädiktor soziales Netzwerk (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6) verwendet, bei der zweiten wurden Schulden (Ja/Nein), Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), Angst (Mini-Symptom-Checkliste, MSCL) und Somatisierung (MSCL) ergänzt sowie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung und Zusammenleben mit Partner als Kontrollvariablen. Ergebnisse: Es zeigen sich ein signifikant negativer Zusammenhang zwischen sozialem Netzwerk und Einsamkeit sowie ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Bildung, Depression, Angst und Einsamkeit. Diskussion: Bei den ALPE fanden sich im Vergleich zu anderen Studien hohe Belastungen durch Depression, Angst, Somatisierung und Einsamkeit. Die identifizierten Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialem Netzwerk, psychischer Gesundheit und Einsamkeit verdeutlichen die Wichtigkeit von psychologischen Screeningverfahren und/oder Diagnostik in dieser Hochrisikogruppe und bieten Ansatzpunkte für die Prävention." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
-
Literaturhinweis
Misery Needs Company: Contextualizing the Geographic and Temporal Link between Unemployment and Suicide (2024)
Zitatform
Lee, Byungkyu & Bernice A. Pescosolido (2024): Misery Needs Company: Contextualizing the Geographic and Temporal Link between Unemployment and Suicide. In: American sociological review, Jg. 89, H. 6, S. 1104-1140. DOI:10.1177/00031224241288179
Abstract
"Despite long-standing evidence linking higher unemployment rates to increased suicide rates, a puzzling trend emerged in the United States after the Great Recession: suicide rates continued to rise even as unemployment rates declined. Drawing on theories of social networks and reference groups, we advance the concept of “sameness”—in this case, the extent to which an individual’s employment status aligns with the fate of others in one ’s community—to clarify how unemployment rates influence suicide. Constructing a multilevel dataset of U.S. suicide deaths from 2005 to 2017, we find that while unemployed individuals face a higher risk of suicide compared to the employed, this gap diminishes in communities with high local unemployment rates. Moreover, the “sameness” effect extends beyond geographic contexts to temporal ones, as national unemployment spikes reduce suicide risk among the unemployed and diminish the importance of local sameness. Together, these findings suggest a mechanism of “situational awareness,” whereby local and national economic contexts shape the meaning of unemployment, shifting its interpretation from personal failure to system failure and reducing its stigma. Our article offers a novel framework for examining the effects of cross-level interactions in suicide research, highlighting the crucial role of culture as deeply intertwined with social network mechanisms in shaping contextual influence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Death Without Benefits: Unemployment Insurance, Re-Employment, and the Spread of Covid (2024)
Zitatform
Park, Sungbin, Kyung Min Lee & John S. Earle (2024): Death Without Benefits: Unemployment Insurance, Re-Employment, and the Spread of Covid. (SocArXiv papers), 70 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/2fnkp
Abstract
"During a pandemic, unemployment insurance (UI) may have externalities for health. Studying variation across states in UI benefits during summer 2021, using longitudinally linked Current Population Survey data, and controlling for individual and state characteristics, we find that unemployment-employment transitions rise 10 percentage points (42 percent of the unconditional mean) in treated states, which cut UI early, relative to states maintaining higher benefits. Estimates of hazards and censored regressions imply a benefit elasticity of unemployment duration of 0.5-0.7. Using an instrumental variables strategy, we find sharp covid rises in states with higher re-employment rates because of the UI cuts: case, hospitalization, and death rates are all estimated to more than double. Consistent with a causal interpretation, the differences between treated and other states in re-employment and covid outcomes are negligible prior to treatment, diverge simultaneously with the policy change, and reconverge quickly after the end of the policy difference. Results are robust to controlling for other relevant factors and policies. We estimate that additional wages of $1.1bln received by re-employed workers offset only one-eighth of the UI losses, and, even from a government budget perspective, UI savings are more than offset by increased hospitalization costs of $14.8bln. Increases in illness-related losses in work time can be valued at $1.5bln. Beyond the monetary and morbidity costs of the UI cuts, we estimate additional deaths at 27,000. The results suggest an important role for UI during infectious stages of pandemics that should be considered for future policy design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and health: A meta-analysis (2024)
Zitatform
Picchio, Matteo & Michele Ubaldi (2024): Unemployment and health: A meta-analysis. In: Journal of Economic Surveys, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 1437-1472. DOI:10.1111/joes.12588
Abstract
"This paper reports a meta-analysis of the relationship between unemployment and health. Our meta-dataset consisted of 327 study results taken from 65 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We found that publication bias is important, but only for those study results obtained by means of difference-in-differences or instrumental variables estimators. On average, the effect of unemployment on health is negative, but quite small in terms of partial correlation coefficients. We investigated whether the findings were heterogeneous across several research dimensions. We found that unemployment has the strongest impact on the psychological domains of health and long-term unemployment spells are more detrimental than short-term ones. Furthermore, women are less affected, studies dealing with endogeneity issues find smaller effects and the health penalty is increasing with unemployment rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Does Worker Well-Being Adapt to a Pandemic? An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data (2024)
Schmidtke, Julia ; Lawes, Mario ; Hetschko, Clemens ; Eid, Michael ; Stephan, Gesine ; Schöb, Ronnie ;Zitatform
Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid & Mario Lawes (2024): Does Worker Well-Being Adapt to a Pandemic? An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data. In: The Review of Income and Wealth, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 840-861., 2023-08-23. DOI:10.1111/roiw.12668
Abstract
"We estimate the dynamic impact of two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on an exceptionally broad range of indicators of worker well-being. Our analyses are based on high-frequency panel data from an app-based survey of German workers and employ an event-study design with individual-specific fixed effects. We find that workers' mental health decreased substantially during the first wave of the pandemic. To a smaller extent, this is also true for life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Most well-being indicators converged to prepandemic levels when infection rates declined. During the second wave of the pandemic, overall worker well-being decreased less than that during the first wave. Life satisfaction does not seem to have changed at all. We conclude that worker well-being adapts to the pandemic. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that, in terms of well-being, workers who took part in a job retention scheme fared less well during the pandemic than other employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley & Sons Ltd) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen (2023)
Auer, Eva;Zitatform
Auer, Eva (2023): Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen. (AMS-Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich), Wien, 6 S.
Abstract
"Im Jahr 2022 waren insgesamt 76.653 Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen arbeitslos vorgemerkt oder in Schulungsmaßnahmen, 15.611 bzw. 16,9% weniger als im Jahresdurchschnitt 2021. Auch im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019 ging die Zahl der Personen mit Beeinträchtigungen mit minus 10,6% deutlich zurück. Rund 18% der vorgemerkten Personen hatten eine Behinderung gemäß Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz oder Landesbehindertengesetz bzw. einen Behindertenpass. Die restlichen 82% der arbeitslos Vorgemerkten bzw. Schulungsteilnehmer_innen mit gesundheitlichen Problemen erbrachten den Nachweis der eingeschränkten Vermittelbarkeit durch ein (fach)ärztliches Gutachten. „Erfreulicherweise konnte auch die Gruppe der arbeitssuchenden Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen von der guten Konjunktur des Jahres 2022 profitieren. Trotzdem bleibt die Jobsuche für Betroffene alles andere als einfach. Das zeigt sich daran, dass sie im Schnitt fast doppelt so lange einen Job suchen. Unternehmen mit Personalbedarf kann ich – insbesondere in dieser Arbeitsmarktlage – dringend empfehlen, bewusst auch in dieser Personengruppe ihre nächsten Mitarbeiter_innen zu suchen.“ so Johannes Kopf, Vorstandsmitglied." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Subjective Well-Being Scarring Through Unemployment: New Evidence from a Long-Running Panel (2023)
Zitatform
Eberl, Andreas, Matthias Collischon & Tobias Wolbring (2023): Subjective Well-Being Scarring Through Unemployment: New Evidence from a Long-Running Panel. In: Social forces, Jg. 101, H. 3, S. 1485-1518., 2022-02-14. DOI:10.1093/sf/soac022
Abstract
"Scarring effects of unemployment on subjective well-being (SWB), i.e., negative effects that remain even after workers reenter employment, are well documented in the literature. Nevertheless, the theoretical mechanisms by which unemployment leads to long-lasting negative consequences for SWB are still under debate. Thus, we theorize that unemployment can have an enduring impact mainly through (1) the experience of unemployment as an incisive life event and (2) unemployment as a driver of future unemployment. In the empirical part, we focus on one important dimension of SWB: overall life satisfaction. Based on advanced longitudinal modeling that controls for group-specific trends, we estimate scarring through unemployment using the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our results consistently show a large negative effect of unemployment on life satisfaction as well as significant scarring effects that last at least 5 years after reemployment for both men and women as well as for short- and long-term unemployment spells. Further analyses reveal that repeated periods of unemployment drive these effects and cause even longer lasting scarring, implying that there are hardly any adaptations to unemployment that buffer its effect on life satisfaction. We conclude that scarring effects mainly work through repeated episodes of unemployment. Regarding policy implications, our findings suggest that preventing unemployment, regardless of its duration, is beneficial for individual well-being not only in the short term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als Preprint: SocArXiv papers -
Literaturhinweis
Cortisolmessungen zeigen: Nicht unbedingt Arbeitslosigkeit, sondern vor allem berufliche Unsicherheit führt zu erhöhtem chronischem Stress (Interview mit Julia Schmidtke und Mario Lawes) (2023)
Zitatform
Keitel, Christiane; Julia Schmidtke & Mario Lawes (interviewte Person) (2023): Cortisolmessungen zeigen: Nicht unbedingt Arbeitslosigkeit, sondern vor allem berufliche Unsicherheit führt zu erhöhtem chronischem Stress (Interview mit Julia Schmidtke und Mario Lawes). In: IAB-Forum H. 15.12.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231215.01
Abstract
"Im German Job Search Panel hat das IAB gemeinsam mit Kooperationspartnern eine Smartphone App genutzt, um anfänglich arbeitssuchend gemeldete Beschäftigte monatlich zu ihrem Wohlbefinden zu befragen, und das bis zu zwei Jahre lang. Darüber hinaus maß das Befragungsteam wiederholt den Stressmarker Cortisol im Haar der Befragten. Die IAB-Forumsredaktion hat sich mit Julia Schmidtke vom IAB und Mario Lawes von der Freien Universität Berlin über die Ergebnisse dieser innovativen Studie unterhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Unemployment on Cognitive, Affective, and Eudaimonic Well-Being Facets: Investigating Immediate Effects and Short-Term Adaptation (2023)
Zitatform
Lawes, Mario, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan & Michael Eid (2023): The Impact of Unemployment on Cognitive, Affective, and Eudaimonic Well-Being Facets: Investigating Immediate Effects and Short-Term Adaptation. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Jg. 124, H. 3, S. 659-681., 2022-02-10. DOI:10.1037/pspp0000417
Abstract
"While long-lasting declines in life satisfaction following unemployment have been well documented, evidence on the impact of unemployment on affective and eudaimonic well-being is scarce. Moreover, most existing studies relied on yearly panel data and were unable to separate the immediate effects of entering unemployment from prospective effects occurring before individuals become unemployed. The present study identified the immediate effects of entering unemployment on cognitive, affective and eudaimonic well-being facets using a control-group design based on monthly panel data of initially employed German jobseekers who were at high risk of losing their job. In order to investigate patterns of short-term adaptation, the study further examined whether average well-being levels change within the first months of unemployment using a mixed-effects trait-state-occasion model. All effects were separately computed for jobseekers affected by mass-layoffs or plant closures and individuals who registered as jobseekers due to other reasons. Multi-item instruments and experience sampling were used to validly measure the various well-being facets. The results indicate that life satisfaction and income satisfaction significantly decreased for individuals affected by mass-layoffs or plant closures from the last month in employment to the first month in unemployment. For individuals who registered as jobseekers due to other reasons, these effects were smaller and not significant in the case of life satisfaction. Crucially, there were no immediate effects of entering unemployment on the examined affective and eudaimonic well-being facets. Moreover, well-being levels were generally stable within the first months of unemployment indicating a general absence of short-term adaptation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Supplemental materials