Europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung
Die Europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung wird als ein Instrument zur Stabilisierung ökonomischer Krisen im Euro-Raum diskutiert. EU-Mitgliedsländern mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit könnten so zusätzliche Mittel zur Verfügung gestellt werden, die von Ländern mit guter wirtschaftlicher- und Beschäftigungssituation finanziert werden.
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die wissenschaftliche und politische Diskussion um die Ausgestaltung und Einführung einer Europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung. Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Free movement and access to social security in the EU: The challenge of exporting unemployment benefits (2023)
Zitatform
Grabbe, Christina (2023): Free movement and access to social security in the EU: The challenge of exporting unemployment benefits. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 20-40. DOI:10.1177/13882627231161926
Abstract
"The freedom of movement of EU workers and access to national welfare state systems has become a controversial topic among policymakers in recent years. To understand this, the article analyses the positions of Western European states towards the proposal of the European Commission to reform the European social security coordination. The structural problems of this reform and the current Regulation (EC) 883/2004 can be seen in the discussion on the export of unemployment benefits. Although Western European states have similar insurance-based and comprehensive unemployment systems, they have conflicting views on this issue. The article presents a comparative case study of Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany. Data was generated via expert interviews and policy documents and analysed through institutionalist approaches. By tracing the debates on the export of unemployment benefits, the article makes a more general argument about the debate on the free movement of workers and social security in the EU. It explains that policymakers’ main concern is not only the financial burden on their welfare systems, but also that the current Regulation (EC) 883/2004 and the reform proposal are incompatible with national monitoring and enforcement systems, which are designed to work best when the worker is in the Member State of last employment. This incompatibility of the coordination rules with national rules creates opposition among policymakers to the access of EU workers to national welfare systems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Federal Unemployment Reinsurance amid Local Labor-Market Policy (2023)
Zitatform
Ignaszak, Marek, Philip Jung & Keith Kuester (2023): Federal Unemployment Reinsurance amid Local Labor-Market Policy. (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series 419), Bonn, 87 S.
Abstract
"Consider a union of atomistic member states. Idiosyncratic business-cycle shocks cause persistent differences in unemployment. Private cross-border risk-sharing is limited. A federal unemployment-based reinsurance scheme can provide transfers to member states in recession, which helps stabilize local unemployment. Limits to federal generosity arise because member states control local labor-market policies. Calibrating the economy to a stylized European Monetary Union, we find that moral hazard puts notable constraints on the effectiveness of federal reinsurance. This is so even if payouts are indexed to member states usual unemployment rate or if the federal level pays only in severe-enough recessions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Welfare brokers and European Union migrants' access to social protection (2023)
Voivozeanu, Alexandra; Lafleur, Jean-Michel;Zitatform
Voivozeanu, Alexandra & Jean-Michel Lafleur (2023): Welfare brokers and European Union migrants' access to social protection. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 74, H. 4, S. 717-732. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13021
Abstract
"In spite of the existence of an extensive national and supranational legal framework, European Union (EU) citizens who exercise their right to freedom of movement to work in another Member State face numerous hurdles in accessing social protection. While recent scholarship on street-level bureaucracy and on migration and welfare has shed light on the role of discretion and stereotypes in access to rights, little is known about the processes through which such hurdles are overcome. In this article, we focus on a specific strategy which is the recourse to what we call “welfare brokers”. These actors offer assistance to EU migrants to overcome specific cross-border administrative challenges in the area of social protection that derive from their use of the right to freedom of movement. Relying on qualitative data collected with brokers and Romanian migrants working in Germany, the article also demonstrates that welfare brokers attempt to transform the norms, bureaucratic practices and representations that condition access to these entitlements. The article concludes by underlining how the existence of a brokerage industry is a sign of existing inequalities in the exercise of freedom of movement within the EU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the design of a European Unemployment Insurance System (2023)
Zitatform
Ábrahám, Árpád, João Brogueira de Sousa, Ramon Marimon & Lukas Mayr (2023): On the design of a European Unemployment Insurance System. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 156. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104469
Abstract
"We study the welfare effects of both existing and counter-factual European unemployment insurance (UI) policies using a rich multi-country dynamic general equilibrium model with labour market frictions. The model successfully replicates several salient features of European labour markets, in particular the cross-country differences in the flows between employment, unemployment and inactivity, as a result of labour market and UI policy differences across euro area countries. We find that mechanisms like the recently introduced instrument for temporary support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (SURE), which allows national governments to borrow at low interest rates to cover expenditures on unemployment risk, yield sizeable welfare gains. Furthermore, we find that, in spite of the calibrated heterogeneity across euro area countries, there is a common direction in which they can improve their UI policies; in particular, a harmonized benefit system that features a one-time payment of around three quarters of income upon separation is welfare improving in all euro area countries relative to the status quo." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A few Euro more: benefit generosity and the optimal path of unemployment benefits (2022)
Zitatform
D'Ambrosio, Anna & Vincenzo Scrutinio (2022): A few Euro more: benefit generosity and the optimal path of unemployment benefits. (CEP discussion paper 1835), London, 56 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we exploit the provision of higher UB at different points of the unemployment spell to shed light on the relative cost of insurance at different horizons after the job loss. First, we exploit a double cap system in an RDD setting to study the effect of higher benefit levels in the early part of unemployment spell on time on benefits and non-employment. We find that higher benefits increase the time spent on benefits and in non-employment, with no impact on new job quality. Second, we exploit an age-based discontinuity in benefit duration, which determines higher benefits later in the spell, to compare the behavioural and mechanical costs of these two variations in benefits. We find that the moral hazard costs are greater for higher benefit levels early in the spell. In addition, we provide evidence of a slight negative selection in long term unemployment and argue that the long-term unemployed face higher uncertainty in their employment prospects. These findings suggest that higher benefits later in the unemployment spell generate lower costs and would provide higher insurance. Our results question the optimality of strongly declining schedules for unemployment benefit levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should unemployment insurance be centralized in a state union? Unearthing a principle of efficient federation building (2022)
Fenge, Robert; Friese, Max;Zitatform
Fenge, Robert & Max Friese (2022): Should unemployment insurance be centralized in a state union? Unearthing a principle of efficient federation building. In: The Swedish Journal of Economics, Jg. 124, H. 2, S. 363-395. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12466
Abstract
"Our study compares the efficiency of unemployment insurance programs in a state union. A centralized insurance will pool the cost of unemployment; this results in a collective bargaining in the member states, which leads to excessively high wages and inefficient insurance. Those high wages attract workers who reduce the outsourced economic cost of unemployment. Only with perfect mobility, this opposing migration effect completely outweighs the pooling effect, and the insurance is no longer inefficient when centralized. Furthermore, we conclude that a principle of efficient federal systems might be that fiscally linked economic policies and institutions should be governed on the same federative level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of a European unemployment benefit scheme on labor supply and income distribution (2022)
Zitatform
Lefebvre, Mathieu & Agathe Simon (2022): The impact of a European unemployment benefit scheme on labor supply and income distribution. (French Stata Users' Group Meetings 2022 14), Marseille, 58 S.
Abstract
"This presentation investigates the effect of the introduction of a European unemployment insurance scheme (EMU-UI) on the labor supply and the income distribution in the Eurozone countries. Based on a structural estimation of the labor supply and using the European tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD, I simulate various scenarios of reform. The results show that the labor supply response to the introduction of an EMU-UI differs substantially across countries and depends on the design of the EMU-UI. I find that a flat EMU-UI scheme implies very strong disincentive to work but reduces poverty. On the contrary, a fully contribution-related EMU-UI system limits much more the distortions on the labor market in most countries but has limited effects on poverty and inequality. An EMU-UI with a common replacement rate, articulated with floor and ceiling amounts, would allow for upward convergence because it would strongly reduce poverty and inequality in several countries while not inducing important labor supply reduction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the design of a european unemployment insurance system (2022)
Zitatform
Ábrahám, Árpád, João Brogueira de Sousa, Ramon Marimon & Lukas Mayr (2022): On the design of a european unemployment insurance system. (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Department of Economics and Business. Working paper 1826), Barcelona: Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 52 S.
Abstract
"We study the welfare effects of both existing and counter-factual European unemployment insurance policies using a rich multi-country dynamic general equilibrium model with labour market frictions. The model successfully replicates several salient features of European labor markets, in particular the cross-country differences in the flows between employment, unemployment and inactivity. We find that mechanisms like the recently introduced European instrument for temporary support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (SURE), which allows national governments to borrow at low interest rates to cover expenditures on unemployment benefits, yield sizable welfare gains, contradicting the conventional classical view that costs of business cycles are small. Furthermore, we find that a harmonized benefit system that features a one-time payment of around three quarters of income upon separation is welfare improving in all Eurozone countries relative to the status quo." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Tracking the impact of COVID-19 on economic inequality at high frequency (2021)
Aspachs, Oriol; Reynal-Querol, Marta; Montalvo, Jose G. ; Mestres, Josep; Graziano, Alberto; Durante, Ruben;Zitatform
Aspachs, Oriol, Ruben Durante, Alberto Graziano, Josep Mestres, Marta Reynal-Querol & Jose G. Montalvo (2021): Tracking the impact of COVID-19 on economic inequality at high frequency. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 16, H. 3. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0249121
Abstract
"Pandemics have historically had a significant impact on economic inequality. However, official inequality statistics are only available at low frequency and with considerable delay, which challenges policymakers in their objective to mitigate inequality and fine-tune public policies. We show that using data from bank records it is possible to measure economic inequality at high frequency. The approach proposed in this paper allows measuring, timely and accurately, the impact on inequality of fast-unfolding crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying this approach to data from a representative sample of over three million residents of Spain we find that, absent government intervention, inequality would have increased by almost 30% in just one month. The granularity of the data allows analyzing with great detail the sources of the increases in inequality. In the Spanish case we find that it is primarily driven by job losses and wage cuts experienced by low-wage earners. Government support, in particular extended unemployment insurance and benefits for furloughed workers, were generally effective at mitigating the increase in inequality, though less so among young people and foreign-born workers. Therefore, our approach provides knowledge on the evolution of inequality at high frequency, the effectiveness of public policies in mitigating the increase of inequality and the subgroups of the population most affected by the changes in inequality. This information is fundamental to fine-tune public policies on the wake of a fast-moving pandemic like the COVID-19." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cross-country unemployment insurance, transfers, and trade-offs in international risk sharing (2021)
Enders, Zeno; Vespermann, David;Zitatform
Enders, Zeno & David Vespermann (2021): Cross-country unemployment insurance, transfers, and trade-offs in international risk sharing. (Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2021: Climate Economics), Kiel, 53 S.
Abstract
"We assess to which degree an international transfer mechanism can enhance consumption risk sharing as well as allocative efficiency and apply our results to a potential European unemployment benefit scheme (EUBS). Specifically, we first develop a simple model with nominal rigidities to build intuition by deriving analytical results. We then use a rich DSGE model, calibrated to the Core and the Periphery of the euro area, to quantitatively analyze the changing dynamics that a EUBS brings about. We find that a EUBS can provide risk sharing by stabilizing relative consumption as well as unemployment. Following supply shocks, however, the cross-country transfer embodied in the unemployment benefits is spent to a large degree on relatively inefficiently produced goods in the receiving countries. This renders the allocation even more inefficient by opening country-specific labor wedges further, also after government-spending shocks. Yet, since this trade-off between allocative efficiency and consumption risk sharing does not exist after certain demand shocks, the welfare effects of a EUBS depend on the cause for international unemployment differentials. A EUBS that is only active after specific shocks would therefore maximize overall welfare. Even without this feature, a EUBS would raise welfare in the Core, leaving the Periphery’s welfare almost unchanged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Commission entrepreneurship and EU employment policy – The fate of a former darling (2021)
Mailand, Mikkel;Zitatform
Mailand, Mikkel (2021): Commission entrepreneurship and EU employment policy – The fate of a former darling. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 249-267. DOI:10.1177/0959680120963531
Abstract
"An ongoing disagreement between researchers of EU decision-making processes is about who primarily drives the development – the Commission or the member states. The present article addresses this issue within the context of EU employment policy, a cornerstone in Social Europe. Research has often pointed to a gradually weakening and subordination of these policies to economic policies. However, recent in-depth studies have found a progressive ‘socialization’ taking place in the European Semester. In this article, it is argued that Commission entrepreneurship has been relatively successful and that the Commission stands out as the most important actor in a partial comeback of EU employment policy, which has taken place since the 2010s." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Towards a new consolidated framework for analysing benefit coverage (2021)
Zitatform
Nelson, Kenneth & Rense Nieuwenhuis (2021): Towards a new consolidated framework for analysing benefit coverage. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 352-362. DOI:10.1177/0958928721996653
Abstract
"The conceptualisation and measurement of benefit coverage is muddled with considerable confusion. In this forum contribution, we propose a new consolidated framework for the analysis of benefit coverage. Three sequential steps in measurement are suggested, involving the calculation of coverage rates, eligibility rates and take-up rates in social protection. Each step of the analysis focuses on particular aspects of programme legislation and implementation, and together the new framework will substantially improve the possibilities of research to inform policymaking. We provide an empirical illustration of our approach based on Swedish data, and highlight how our new consolidated framework for analysing benefit coverage provides a reorientation of the research agenda on benefit coverage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work Incentives at the Extensive and Intensive Margin in Europe: The Role of Taxes, Benefits and Population Characteristics (2020)
Zitatform
Jara, H. Xavier, Katrin Gasior & Mattia Makovec (2020): Work Incentives at the Extensive and Intensive Margin in Europe: The Role of Taxes, Benefits and Population Characteristics. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 152, H. 2, S. 705-778. DOI:10.1007/s11205-020-02462-0
Abstract
"Tax and benefit systems play an important role in determining work incentives at both the extensive and the intensive margin of labour supply. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of work incentives in Europe. Our analysis makes use of microsimulation techniques and representative household surveys from all 27 EU countries and the UK to compare the distribution of short- and long-term participation tax rates and marginal effective tax rates across population subgroups. We focus on people currently in work and characterise the population facing low work incentives in each country. Our results highlight the large variation in the distribution of work incentives across European countries, explained not only by differences in the design of tax-benefit systems, but also by the characteristics of the labour force across countries. Unemployment insurance benefits contribute substantially to short-term participation tax rates and explain on average a 20 percentage point difference between work incentives of short- versus long-term unemployment. Our analysis further highlights the need to use microdata to study differences across countries in terms of the population subgroups facing low incentives to work with the aim to inform the policy debate on potential reforms to make work pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Income Protection Role of an EMU-wide Unemployment Insurance System: the Case of Atypical Workers (2020)
Zitatform
Jara, H. Xavier & Agathe Simon (2020): The Income Protection Role of an EMU-wide Unemployment Insurance System: the Case of Atypical Workers. (EUROMOD working paper 2021,06), Cambridge, 48 S.
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the potential of a common unemployment insurance system for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU-UI) to improve income protection of atypical workers, namely those in part-time and temporary contracts. We use EUROMOD, the European tax-benefit microsimulation model, to simulate entitlements to national and EMU-UI and assess their effects on the household disposable income of atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our results show that there are sizable gaps in the coverage of national UI schemes between countries, with atypical workers having particularly low coverage rates. The introduction of an EMU-UI would reduce coverage gaps and increase net replacement rates, especially for atypical workers, and would protect a large share of the workforce against the risk of poverty. Extending eligibility for the EMU-UI to the self-employed would further improve income protection, reducing their risk of falling into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment insurance scheme (2020)
Kaufmann, Christoph; Hauptmeier, Sebastian; Attinasi, Maria Grazia;Zitatform
Kaufmann, Christoph, Maria Grazia Attinasi & Sebastian Hauptmeier (2020): Macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment insurance scheme. (European Central Bank. Working paper series 2428), Frankfurt am Main, 45 S. DOI:10.2866/657604
Abstract
"In this paper we use a medium-scale DSGE model to quantitatively assess the macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a supranational unemployment insurance scheme. The model is calibrated to the euro area's core and periphery and features a rich fiscal sector, sovereign risk premia and labour market frictions. Adopting both simple policy rules and optimal policies, our simulations point to enhanced business cycle synchronisation and interregional consumption smoothing. Depending on the exact specification, the results suggest a reduction in the volatility of consumption by up to 49% at the region-level, while the cross-regional correlation of unemployment and inflation increases by up to 52% and 27%, respectively, compared to the decentralised setting. The higher degree of inter-regional risk-sharing comes at the cost of sizable fiscal transfers. Limiting such transfers via claw-back mechanisms implies a much weaker degree of stabilisation across countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Incentive effects of cash benefit among low-skilled young adults: Applying a regression discontinuity design (2020)
Zitatform
Kleif, Helle Bendix & Jacob Nielsen Arendt (2020): Incentive effects of cash benefit among low-skilled young adults: Applying a regression discontinuity design. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 15, H. 11. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0241279
Abstract
"In 2014, the Danish Government implemented an active labour market reform directed at unemployed young adults under 30 years of age with low educational qualifications. The reform replaced the (unemployment) cash benefits with a lower education benefit for many of the unemployed aged under 30 and obliged the low-skilled in this group to enrol in a regular general or vocational (VET) education program. This paper exploits the sharp discontinuity that occurs at age 30 to estimate the joint effect of higher benefits and the cessation of educational obligations on the share receiving cash benefits and the share enrolled in education. We estimate the effects by applying a regression discontinuity design. We report results for the group of low educated young adults and for subgroups facing different economic incentives. The results establish that reaching age 30 creates an incentive to apply for cash benefits, and we find strong evidence that a significant increase in the share of cash benefit recipients relates to a corresponding reduction in the share of young adults enrolled in education. When including subgroups the size of the effect increases, and the results demonstrate that the effects are strongest among previous education benefit recipients. This indicates that the results are mainly driven mainly by individuals reverting to cash benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Für ein stabiles und soziales Europa. Einführung einer europäischen Arbeitslosenrückversicherung: Mindeststandards bei nationalen Arbeitslosenversicherungssystemen notwendig (2020)
Neumann, Henriette; Hentschel, Livia;Zitatform
Neumann, Henriette & Livia Hentschel (2020): Für ein stabiles und soziales Europa. Einführung einer europäischen Arbeitslosenrückversicherung. Mindeststandards bei nationalen Arbeitslosenversicherungssystemen notwendig. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 69, H. 1, S. 36-42.
Abstract
"Am 1. Dezember 2019 hat die neue EU-Kommission ihre Arbeit aufgenommen. Als neue Kommissionspräsidentin hat Ursula von der Leyen den europäischen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern versprochen, eine europäische Arbeitslosenrückversicherung vorzulegen. Was ist damit gemeint? Was soll diese Rückversicherung bewirken? Und an welche Bedingungen müssen die nationalen Arbeitslosenversicherungssysteme geknüpft werden, damit eine europäische Arbeitslosenrückversicherung erfolgreich sein kann? Diesen Fragen wird im Folgenden nachgegangen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Lessons from the American federal-state unemployment insurance system for a European unemployment benefits system (2020)
Zitatform
O'Leary, Christopher J., Burt S. Barnow & Karolien Lenaerts (2020): Lessons from the American federal-state unemployment insurance system for a European unemployment benefits system. In: International social security review, Jg. 73, H. 1, S. 3-34. DOI:10.1111/issr.12226
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel untersucht die Praxis im nationalen Arbeitslosenversicherungssystem der Vereinigten Staaten bezüglich Anspruchsberechtigung der Antragsteller, Leistungsgroßzügigkeit, Leistungsfinanzierung und Notfallmaßnahmen, um Lehren für eine mögliche Europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung für die Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union zu ziehen. Dabei wird die Arbeitslosenversicherung im amerikanischen System analysiert und es werden Bereiche benannt, in denen der Staat bestimmend ist. Das System der Vereinigten Staaten liefert zwar einige gute Ideen für die Einrichtung einer Europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung, aber es zeigen sich auch Mängel in der amerikanischen Umsetzung. Wir liefern eine Übersicht über die bestehenden nationalen Arbeitslosenunterstützungssysteme in der EU und über die Debatte über eine Europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung. Dabei werden Bereiche individueller und institutioneller Risiken in einem mehrsäuligen Arbeitslosenversicherungssystem analysiert, und es werden Beispiele für Kontrollmechanismen und Anreize zur Eindämmung dieser Risiken gegeben. Wir schlagen einen Ansatz vor, bei dem das System schrittweise entwickelt wird, und befürworten eine Ausrichtung auf die unteren Säulen, die Finanzierung der Leistungen und Maßnahmen gegen regionale und systemweite Arbeitsmarktkrisen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond European unemployment insurance. Less moral hazard, more moral assurance? (2020)
Schmid, Günther;Zitatform
Schmid, Günther (2020): Beyond European unemployment insurance. Less moral hazard, more moral assurance? In: Transfer, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 465-480. DOI:10.1177/1024258920952666
Abstract
"Nach einer langen Debatte über eine europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung tauchte eine europäische Arbeitslosenrückversicherung als Kompromiss auf. Konkrete Schritte in diese Richtung wurden jedoch erst unter dem pandemischen Schock von COVID-19 als Katalysator unternommen. Zweifel, ob “moral hazard” unter Kontrolle gehalten werden kann, sind ein Grund für dieses Zögern, die enorme Diversität von Deckungsgrad und Niveau des Sozialschutzes in EU-Mitgliedstaaten ein anderer. Dieser Essay hebt einen dritten Grund für das lange Patt hervor: die Vernachlässigung von “moral assurance” als Gegengewicht von “moral hazard”. Er argumentiert, dass das Konzept der Arbeitslosenversicherung selbst einer fundamentalen Revision bedarf. Moderne Arbeitsmarktpolitik sollte nicht nur Einkommensrisiken bei Arbeitslosigkeit decken, sondern auch andere ernsthafte Einkommensrisiken bei kritischen Übergängen im Lebensverlauf. Er schlägt vor, den Europäischen Sozialfonds zu einem Europäischen Beschäftigungs- und Sozialfonds mit Elementen einer Arbeitslebensversicherung und einer Rückversicherung für Schock-Absorption zu erweitern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Ein Jahrhundert Arbeitslosenversicherung (1920-2020) (2020)
Tálos, Emmerich;Zitatform
Tálos, Emmerich (2020): Ein Jahrhundert Arbeitslosenversicherung (1920-2020). In: WISO, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 35-52.
Abstract
"Nach der Konstituierung der österreichischen Sozialpolitik in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jhdts. erfolgten wichtige Ausbauschritte am Beginn der Ersten Republik, insbesondere in den Jahrzehnten nach 1945. Dies wird im Beitrag an einem der zentralen Bereiche des Sozialstaates näher aufgezeigt: der Arbeitslosenversicherung, die vor hundert Jahren eingeführt wurde. Die aktuelle Corona-Krise unterstreicht nicht nur deren Wichtigkeit, sondern auch Reformbedürftigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © ISW-Linz)
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Literaturhinweis
Reformvorschläge zur Eurozone: eine gemeinsame europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung als Lösung? (2019)
Zitatform
Blum, Johannes, Anna Dudel, Björn Kauder, Manuela Krause & Niklas Potrafke (2019): Reformvorschläge zur Eurozone. Eine gemeinsame europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung als Lösung? In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 72, H. 2, S. 55-61.
Abstract
"In der Dezember-Umfrage des Ökonomenpanels von ifo und FAZ wurden Professoren für Volkswirtschaftslehre an deutschen Universitäten nach ihrer Meinung bezüglich verschiedener Reformvorschläge für die Eurozone sowie insbesondere zur Schaffung einer gemeinsamen europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung befragt. Die Mehrheit der Befragungsteilnehmer ist mit den Reformen nicht zufrieden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance and wage formation (2019)
Buxhoeveden, Mathias von;Zitatform
Buxhoeveden, Mathias von (2019): Unemployment insurance and wage formation. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2019,13), Uppsala, 44 S.
Abstract
"Wage setting models typically posit a tight relationship between the generosity of unemployment insurance (UI) and equilibrium wages. This paper estimates the effect of UI on workers' wages. I build on a unique feature of the unemployment policy in Sweden, where workers can opt to buy supplement UI coverage above a minimum mandated level. In January 2007, the government sharply increased the price of UI, and the share of workers with supplement coverage fell from 90% to 80%. I exploit variation in the price of UI across industries to measure the effect of industry level UI-coverage on wages. My estimates suggest that a 10 percentage point reduction in the share of workers covered by supplement UI reduce wages by 5%. Since I rely on variation in UI-coverage at the industry level, these estimates contain wage adjustments from collective and individual level bargaining. Finally, I use the estimated UI-wage effect to derive bounds on worker bargaining power in a simple DMP model and find that it can be at most 0.12. This evidence support wage setting mechanisms that tie wages to the generosity of UI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Support for conditional unemployment benefit in European countries: the role of income inequality (2019)
Zitatform
Carriero, Renzo & Marianna Filandri (2019): Support for conditional unemployment benefit in European countries. The role of income inequality. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 498-514. DOI:10.1177/0958928718815624
Abstract
"This article investigates attitudes towards the conditionality of benefits targeted to a specific needy group, the unemployed, and analyses their relationship with the structure of income inequality. The focus is on the deservingness of welfare recipients. The public seems to use five criteria to define deservingness and, consequently, the conditionality to which public support is subjected: need, attitude (i.e. gratefulness), control (over neediness), reciprocity (of giving and receiving) and identity, that is the similarity or proximity between the providers of public support (the taxpayers) and the people who should receive it. People's willingness to help depends on how close they consider benefit recipients to be to themselves (i.e. the extent to which they belong to the same in-group). The identity criterion is the main object of our investigation. We argue that the operation of this criterion at the micro-level can be affected by macro-level variables. Specifically, we focus on different measures of the structure of income inequality which are indicators of the social distance between welfare recipients and taxpayers. Based on data from three waves of the European Values Study (1990-2008) collected in 30 countries, the study offers a comparative and longitudinal analysis. The picture emerging from the within-country analysis - which removed much of the between-country heterogeneity - shows that when the social distance grows, it is more difficult for the majority of citizens (upper and middle classes) to identify with the unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From the hidden welfare state to the hidden part of welfare state reform: Analyzing the uses and effects of fiscal welfare in France (2019)
Zitatform
Morel, Nathalie, Chloé Touzet & Michaël Zemmour (2019): From the hidden welfare state to the hidden part of welfare state reform. Analyzing the uses and effects of fiscal welfare in France. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 34-48. DOI:10.1111/spol.12416
Abstract
"This article argues that fiscal welfare in Europe not only forms part of the 'hidden welfare state' (Howard, 1997), but also constitutes an important yet understudied -- and therefore hidden -- element of welfare state reform. Using the example of France, and relying both on available data and on an exhaustive database of social tax expenditures (STEs) compiled for 2014, the article begins by providing an overview of the structure of STEs in France (section 2). It then analyzes the specific uses and effects of STEs in the fields of employment, health care, and pensions. In particular, it shows, first of all, how STEs have constituted a privileged instrument for circumventing certain institutional features such as high levels of minimum wage and of social security contributions in the field of employment (section 3). Second, it also shows that STEs have been used to quietly divert resources away from the earmarked social security funds and into collective private insurance funds, thus fueling their development, in the case of health care and pensions (section 4). Lastly, the article engages with the notion of the 'social division of welfare' (Titmuss, 1958) by considering some of the distributional effects of fiscal welfare in France (section 5), before concluding (section 6)." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Optimal unemployment insurance and international risk sharing (2019)
Zitatform
Moyen, Stéphane, Nikolai Stähler & Fabian Winkler (2019): Optimal unemployment insurance and international risk sharing. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 115, H. June, S. 144-171. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.03.004
Abstract
"We discuss how cross-country unemployment insurance can be used to improve international risk sharing. We use a two-country business cycle model with incomplete financial markets and frictional labor markets where the unemployment insurance scheme operates across both countries. Cross-country insurance through the unemployment insurance system can be achieved without affecting unemployment outcomes. The Ramsey-optimal policy however prescribes a more countercyclical replacement rate when international risk sharing concerns enter the unemployment insurance trade-off. We calibrate our model to Eurozone data and find that optimal stabilizing transfers through the unemployment insurance system are sizable and mainly stabilize consumption in the periphery countries, while optimal replacement rates are countercyclical overall. Moreover, we find that debt-financed national policies are a poor substitute for fiscal transfers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: Deutsche Bundesbank. Discussion paper , 2016,33 -
Literaturhinweis
The performance of the Australian welfare system in a time of neoliberal economic reform (2019)
Tapper, Alan;Zitatform
Tapper, Alan (2019): The performance of the Australian welfare system in a time of neoliberal economic reform. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 53, H. 5, S. 641-660. DOI:10.1111/spol.12417
Abstract
"'Neoliberalism', both as a body of theory and as a set of policies and practices, is commonly seen as unsympathetic, even antagonistic, to the welfare state. In the period from the mid-1980s to the global financial crisis of 2007 - 08, Australia underwent very considerable 'neoliberal' economic policy reform. What happened to the Australian welfare system and to Australia's socioeconomic egalitarianism in this period? To shed light on that question three kinds of trend are tracked. The first is household taxes and social expenditure in both cash and kind, using fiscal incidence analysis where the main metric is 'net benefits'. The second is economic inequality, as measured by the distribution of incomes and wealth. The third is the performance of the labor market, as measured by earned incomes and unemployment rates. The article concludes with an attempt to integrate the evidence collected from these three sources. The general conclusion is that the Australian welfare system did not follow the pessimists' predictions. The welfare system grew in size and redistributive quantum. Wage levels rose strongly, while unemployment rates fell. Overall, income inequality increased to a small extent, though mainly before the full economic reform process was in place, while wealth inequality changed little." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment?: Benefit sanctions in the UK (2018)
Adler, Michael;Zitatform
Adler, Michael (2018): Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment? Benefit sanctions in the UK. (Palgrave socio-legal studies), Cham: Springer Palgrave Macmillan, 171 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-90356-9
Abstract
"The book subjects the largely hidden phenomenon of benefit sanctions in the UK to sustained examination and critique. It comprises twelve chapters dealing with the terms 'cruel', 'inhuman' and 'degrading' that are used as a benchmark for assessing benefit sanctions; benefit sanctions as a matter of public concern; the historical development of benefit sanctions in the UK; changes in the scope and severity of benefit sanctions; conditionality and the changing relationship between the citizen and the state; the impact and effectiveness of benefit sanctions; benefit sanctions and administrative justice; the role of law in protecting the right to a social minimum; a comparison of benefit sanctions with court fines; benefit sanctions and the rule of law; and what, if anything, can be done about benefit sanctions. Each chapter ends with a paragraph that attempts to highlight the most salient points in that chapter, and the book ends with a short conclusion in which benefit sanctions are assessed against the chosen benchmark." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment (2018)
Andersson, Josefine;Zitatform
Andersson, Josefine (2018): Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,23), Uppsala, 47 S.
Abstract
"The well-known positive relationship between the unemployment benefit level and unemployment duration can be separated into two potential sources; a moral hazard effect, and a liquidity effect pertaining to the increased ability to smooth consumption. The latter is a socially optimal response due to credit and insurance market failures. These two effects are difficult to separate empirically, but the social optimality of an unemployment insurance policy can be evaluated by studying the effect of a non-distortionary lump-sum severance grant on unemployment durations. In this study, I evaluate the effects on unemployment duration and subsequent job quality of a lump-sum severance grant provided to displaced workers, by means of a Swedish collective agreement. I use a regression discontinuity design, based on the strict age requirement to be eligible for the grant. I find that the lump-sum grant has a positive effect on the probability of becoming unemployed and the length of the completed unemployment duration, but no effect on subsequent job quality. My analysis also indicates that spousal income is important for the consumption smoothing abilities of displaced workers, and that the grant may have a greater effect in times of more favorable labor market conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality and market integration: direct effects and policy implications in EMU (2018)
Zitatform
Bertola, Giuseppe (2018): Inequality and market integration. Direct effects and policy implications in EMU. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 3-8.
Abstract
"This article focuses on the implications of international economic integration for inequality among each nation's citizens; and for national policies that influence inequality in politico-economic equilibrium. Empirically, the closer economic integration implied by EMU was associated, on average, with higher intra-country inequality. Around that trend, member countries' inequality indicators display wide swings that are correlated with country-specific average income changes, and are largely symmetric before and after the crisis. Simple theoretical mechanisms can explain these phenomena as a straightforward implication of EMU's institutional configuration. While unsurprising in hindsight, higher inequality is problematic, and not what European citizens expected from EMU. Market integration and policy competition may well improve efficiency and help to achieve economic growth objectives, but their inequality implications make it more difficult to achieve political stability and social cohesion at the member country level. This article reviews the message conveyed by the data, refers to broader evidence, while outlining theoretical explanations of the facts, and concludes by discussing their institutional and political relevance." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Euro Area unemployment insurance at the time of zero nominal interest rates (2018)
Claveres, Guillaume; Stráský, Jan;Zitatform
Claveres, Guillaume & Jan Stráský (2018): Euro Area unemployment insurance at the time of zero nominal interest rates. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1498), Paris, 28 S. DOI:10.1787/99b92f5b-en
Abstract
"The discussion about a fiscal stabilisation capacity as a way of providing more fiscal integration in the euro area has strengthened in the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis. Among the instruments that can be used for temporary macroeconomic stabilisation in the presence of both asymmetric and area-wide shocks, a euro area unemployment insurance scheme has attracted increased attention. We build a two-region DSGE model with supply, demand and labour market frictions and introduce in it an area-wide unemployment insurance scheme that is entitled to borrow in financial markets. The model is calibrated to the euro area core and periphery data. For a country-specific negative demand shock hitting the periphery, we find the scheme to reduce the drop in Periphery output by about one fifth and the drop in union output by about a third. The scheme is effective when some households are cut from financial markets, and even more so when the national government also loses market access." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Towards a European Labour Authority: Mandate, main tasks and open questions (2018)
Cremers, Jan;Zitatform
Cremers, Jan (2018): Towards a European Labour Authority. Mandate, main tasks and open questions. (Politik für Europa #2017plus), Brüssel, 15 S.
Abstract
"This study explores problems in the area of cross-border labour mobility and suggests that fair working conditions in the Single Market could be enhanced by the establishment of a European Labour Authority.
- The main problem is that the competence of national authorities to control and enforce national labour standards ends at the border. Thus, new forms of regulatory arbitrage, regime shopping and the evasion of existing labour standards cannot be effectively monitored and sanctioned.
- The author suggests that a European Labour Authority should legitimise and facilitate cross-border cooperation between national competent authorities. The main task should be to solve disputes in case of infringements and breaches related to labour mobility and/or cross-border recruitment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
An unemployment re-insurance scheme for the Eurozone?: Stabilizing and redistributive effects (2018)
Dolls, Mathias;Zitatform
Dolls, Mathias (2018): An unemployment re-insurance scheme for the Eurozone? Stabilizing and redistributive effects. Gütersloh, 59 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie 'Stabilisierungs- und Verteilungseffekte einer Arbeitslosenrückversicherung für die Eurozone' hat für den Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2016 die Wirkung einer Rückversicherung für nationale Arbeitslosenversicherungen im Euroraum untersucht. Die Analyse wurde vom ifo Institut im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung erstellt. Die Studie verwendet Eurostat-Haushaltsmikrodaten der europaweit durchgeführten Arbeitskräfteerhebung und der Gemeinschaftsstatistik über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen, um die Arbeitsmarktentwicklungen und daraus resultierende Einkommensschwankungen in den heutigen 19 Mitgliedsländern der Eurozone für den Zeitraum 2000-2016 präzise abzubilden. Im Rahmen einer Simulationsanalyse werden die Stabilisierungs- und Verteilungswirkungen einer Arbeitslosenrückversicherung unter der Annahme berechnet, dass diese zu Beginn des Jahres 2000 eingeführt worden wäre. Dabei wird in der empirischen Analyse unterstellt, dass zwei Bedingungen erfüllt sein müssen, bevor eine Hilfszahlung aus der Rückversicherung getätigt wird. Zum einen muss die Arbeitslosenquote in einem Mitgliedsland oberhalb des Durchschnitts der vergangenen Jahre liegen. Zum anderen muss innerhalb eines Jahres ein starker Anstieg der Arbeitslosenquote vorliegen. In der Studie werden Schwellenwerte für die benötigte Veränderungsrate der Arbeitslosenquote von ein und zwei Prozentpunkten betrachtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als CESifo working paper , 8219Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Welfare state reforms seen from below: Comparing public attitudes and organized interests in Britain and Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Ebbinghaus, Bernhard & Elias Naumann (Hrsg.) (2018): Welfare state reforms seen from below. Comparing public attitudes and organized interests in Britain and Germany. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 297 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-63652-8
Abstract
"Studying the political economy of welfare state reform, this edited collection focuses on the role of public opinion and organized interests in respect to policy change. It highlights that welfare states are hard pressed to reform in order to cope with ongoing socio-economic and demographic challenges. While public opinion is commonly seen to oppose welfare cuts and organized interests such as trade unions have tended to defend acquired social rights, this book shows that there have been emergent tendencies in favour of reform.
Welfare State Reforms Seen from Below analyses a wide range of social policies affecting healthcare, pensions and the labour market to demonstrate how social groups and interest organizations differ and interact in their approaches to reform. Comparing Britain and Germany, with its two very different welfare states, it provides a European perspective on the changing approaches to welfare." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Das Aussetzen von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen als betriebliche Strategie zum Ausgleich von Schwankungen des Personalbedarfs: ein Update (2018)
Zitatform
Eppel, Rainer, Thomas Horvath & Helmut Mahringer (2018): Das Aussetzen von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen als betriebliche Strategie zum Ausgleich von Schwankungen des Personalbedarfs. Ein Update. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 91, H. 11, S. 799-810.
Abstract
"Um kurzfristige, saison- und nicht saisonbedingte Schwankungen des Arbeitskräftebedarfs auszugleichen, beenden viele Betriebe in Zeiten geringerer Auslastung Beschäftigungsverhältnisse und stellen anschließend bei verbesserter Auftragslage dieselben Arbeitskräfte wieder ein ('temporärer Layoff'). Sie wälzen damit Personalkosten auf die Arbeitslosenversicherung ab, da viele betroffene Arbeitskräfte während der Beschäftigungsunterbrechung arbeitslos vorgemerkt sind und Leistungen aus der Arbeitslosenversicherung beziehen. Diese personalpolitische Flexibilisierungsstrategie wurde bisher kaum thematisiert, spielt jedoch in Österreich seit Jahrzehnten eine bedeutende Rolle. Im Jahr 2017 waren 13,7% aller Beschäftigungsaufnahmen Wiedereinstellungen von temporär Arbeitslosen bei demselben Arbeitgeber innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von einem Jahr. Die registrierte Arbeitslosigkeit während temporärer Layoffs trug mehr als ein Achtel zur registrierten Gesamtarbeitslosigkeit bei. Sie war damit für rund 1 Prozentpunkt der Arbeitslosenquote maßgebend. Die Aussetzung von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen ist mit Kosten für die Arbeitslosenversicherung in einer Größenordnung von rund 500 Mio. EURO pro Jahr verbunden." (Autorenreferat, © WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)
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Literaturhinweis
Drowned by numbers? Stabilization properties of an EU-wide unemployment insurance system (2018)
Zitatform
Farvaque, Etienne & Florence Huart (2018): Drowned by numbers? Stabilization properties of an EU-wide unemployment insurance system. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 38, S. 4153-4181. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2018.1441517
Abstract
"The recent crisis has given rise to proposals for the creation of a European unemployment insurance system. We simulate an EU-wide mechanism under various scenarios, varying methods of financing (common or country-specific contribution rates) and triggers for pay-outs (all time or contingent clauses). We analyse the impact of the system using different measures of stabilization under different fiscal multipliers. A system operating during bad times (periods where the increase in unemployment is large) would reduce GDP growth variability but also growth correlation among member countries. Hence, there is a trade-off between stabilization and synchronization of national business cycles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should unemployment insurance be centralized in a state union? (2018)
Fenge, Robert; Friese, Max;Zitatform
Fenge, Robert & Max Friese (2018): Should unemployment insurance be centralized in a state union? (CESifo working paper 6898), München, 25 S.
Abstract
"This paper compares the decentral organization of unemployment insurance in member states of a state union with the central organization at the upper union' level. In a model of two countries the labor force and the firm owners can migrate between the states. Labor markets exhibit unemployment due to trade union's bargaining about the wage rate. In a decentral scenario the states organize independently unemployment insurance and decide about the rate on wages contributed to the insurance budget. Due to open borders they have to take account of migration effects. However, with perfect mobility between the states each government chooses a socially optimal contribution rate such that workers are fully insured against unemployment. In the central scenario the governments overestimate the costs of insurance when bargaining about the contribution rate and observing the common insurance budget of both countries. This leads to a less than socially optimal contribution rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Income protection of atypical workers in the event of unemployment in Europe (2018)
Zitatform
Jara, H. Xavier & Alberto Tumino (2018): Income protection of atypical workers in the event of unemployment in Europe. (EUROMOD working paper 2018,18), Cambridge, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment, comparing them to standard employees. Our approach relies on EUROMOD, the EU tax-benefit microsimulation model, to simulate transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce and to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers. These workers are also significantly more exposed to the risk of poverty than standard employees, both while in work and in the event of unemployment. Our analysis also shows that low-work intensity employees are characterised by higher net replacement rates than other groups. However, this is due to the major role played by the market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where selfemployed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates significantly and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wages and the value of nonemployment (2018)
Jäger, Simon; Young, Samuel; Schoefer, Benjamin; Zweimüller, Josef;Zitatform
Jäger, Simon, Benjamin Schoefer, Samuel Young & Josef Zweimüller (2018): Wages and the value of nonemployment. (CESifo working paper 7342), München, 113 S.
Abstract
"Nonemployment is often posited as a worker's outside option in wage setting models such as bargaining and wage posting. The value of this state is therefore a fundamental determinant of wages and, in turn, labor supply and job creation. We measure the effect of changes in the value of nonemployment on wages in existing jobs and among job switchers. Our quasi-experimental variation in nonemployment values arises from four large reforms of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit levels in Austria. We document that wages are insensitive to UI benefit levels: point estimates imply a wage response of less than $0.01 per $1.00 UI benefit increase, and we can reject sensitivities larger than 0.03. In contrast, a calibrated Nash bargaining model predicts a sensitivity of 0.39 - more than ten times larger. The empirical insensitivity holds even among workers with a priori low bargaining power, with low labor force attachment, with high predicted unemployment duration, among job switchers and recently unemployed workers, in areas of high unemployment, in firms with flexible pay policies, and when considering firmlevel bargaining. The insensitivity of wages to the nonemployment value we document presents a puzzle to widely used wage setting protocols, and implies that nonemployment may not constitute workers' relevant threat point. Our evidence supports wage-setting mechanisms that insulate wages from the value of nonemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A rising workfare state?: Unemployment benefit conditionality in 21 OECD countries, 1980 - 2012 (2018)
Zitatform
Knotz, Carlo Michael (2018): A rising workfare state? Unemployment benefit conditionality in 21 OECD countries, 1980 - 2012. In: Journal of international and comparative social policy, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 91-108. DOI:10.1080/21699763.2018.1472136
Abstract
"Over the last decades, governments in the advanced democracies have put greater pressure on the unemployed to seek and accept employment. This development has been pointed out in much prior research, yet relatively little is known about the exact changes that have been introduced. This paper fills this gap. It draws on a novel time-series cross-section dataset on the strictness of unemployment benefit conditions and sanctions in 21 democracies between 1980 and 2012, and shows in which aspects these rules have become stricter - and in which not. The paper confirms that there has been a general trend toward tighter conditions and sanctions, but adds some important qualifications: Many rules and provisions have also been adapted in response to the emergence of new social risks and there is also a noticeable trend toward more clearly defined and precise rules. Based on these findings, new causal hypotheses are suggested." (Author's abstract, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Short-time work in the Great Recession: firm-level evidence from 20 EU countries (2018)
Lydon, Reamonn; Mathä, Thomas Y.; Millard, Stephen;Zitatform
Lydon, Reamonn, Thomas Y. Mathä & Stephen Millard (2018): Short-time work in the Great Recession. Firm-level evidence from 20 EU countries. (European Central Bank. Working paper series 2212), Frankfurt am Main, 34 S. DOI:10.2866/00433
Abstract
"Using firm-level data from a large-scale European survey among 20 countries, we analyse the determinants of firms using short-time work (STW). We show that firms are more likely to use STW in case of negative demand shocks. We show that STW schemes are more likely to be used by firms with high degrees of firm-specific human capital, high firing costs, and operating in countries with stringent employment protection legislation and a high degree of downward nominal wage rigidity. STW use is higher in countries with formalised schemes and in countries where these schemes were extended in response to the recent crisis. On the wider economic impact of STW, we show that firms using the schemes are significantly less likely to lay off permanent workers in response to a negative shock, with no impact for temporary workers. Relating our STW take-up measure in the micro data to aggregate data on employment and output trends, we show that sectors with a high STW take-up exhibit significantly less cyclical variation in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The crowding in hypothesis revisited: new insights into the impact of social protection expenditure on informal social capital (2018)
Visser, Mark; Gesthuizen, Maurice; Scheepers, Peer;Zitatform
Visser, Mark, Maurice Gesthuizen & Peer Scheepers (2018): The crowding in hypothesis revisited: new insights into the impact of social protection expenditure on informal social capital. In: European Societies, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 257-280. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2018.1442928
Abstract
"This study revisits the crowding in hypothesis and contributes to the literature in two ways. First, in addition to total social spending, we examine whether different types of social spending increase social capital among their target groups. Second, we distinguish within- from between-country effects of social spending. Data from the European Social Survey are analysed with logistic multilevel regression models. We analyse two indicators of informal social capital: having social contact with friends, family or work colleagues and having anyone to discuss intimate and personal matters with. The results show that the more governments spend on social protection, the more likely people within those countries are to have social and intimate contact. The results also demonstrate that within-country effects of the types of social spending on having social contact disappear once we control for unobserved heterogeneity between countries. Yet, within countries with higher social spending on sickness/health care, old age and social exclusion, we find that these specific expenditures facilitate intimate contact among people in bad health, retirees and people who are having difficulties living on their present income, respectively. Overall, the crowding in hypothesis is supported. We conclude that it is important to examine the types of social spending and to distinguish within- and between-country effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sailing the seven seas: A schematic overview of mechanisms that can be used to strengthen the social security protection of persons moving in and out of the EU (2018)
Vonk, Gijsbert;Zitatform
Vonk, Gijsbert (2018): Sailing the seven seas: A schematic overview of mechanisms that can be used to strengthen the social security protection of persons moving in and out of the EU. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 204-216. DOI:10.1177/1388262718771793
Abstract
"The purpose of this final contribution is to offer a broad schematic overview of 'mechanisms' that can be used to strengthen the social security protection of persons moving in and out of the EU. Seven mechanisms have been selected for discussion: national unilateral standards, EU unilateral standards, bilateral agreements, EU coordination of bilateral agreements, EU third country agreements, multilateral co-operation and global standards. The existence of this plethora of mechanisms, each with its own merits and shortcomings, casts a shadow over the possibility of a uniform EU regime for external social security relations. Any attempt to introduce such an approach can immediately be contradicted by alternative approaches and mechanisms which can be used both by the EU and by the individual Member States. It is suggested that more coherence in external EU social security coordination can perhaps be found in a conceptual way, by layering the seven mechanisms in a logical manner." (Author's abstract, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Umsetzung des Koalitionsvertrages in der europäischen Sozialpolitik: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN (Drucksache 19/2834) (2018)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2018): Umsetzung des Koalitionsvertrages in der europäischen Sozialpolitik. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN (Drucksache 19/2834). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/3290 (05.07.2018)), 7 S.
Abstract
Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN zur Umsetzung der EU-2020-Strategie und der im Koalitionsvertrag formulierten Vorhaben zur Stärkung eines sozialen Europas. (IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Errichtung einer Europäischen Arbeitsbehörde: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der FDP (Drucksache 19/2786) (2018)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2018): Errichtung einer Europäischen Arbeitsbehörde. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der FDP (Drucksache 19/2786). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/3192 (03.07.2018)), 14 S.
Abstract
Die Europäische Kommission hat am 13. März 2018 einen umfassenden Vorschlag zur Errichtung einer Europäischen Arbeitsbehörde vorgelegt. Diese soll unter anderem folgende Ziele verfolgen: Bereitstellung von Informationen für Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer, Verbesserung der Zusammenarbeit nationaler Behörden sowie Bekämpfung von Missbrauch der Arbeits- und Sozialgesetzgebung. Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der FDP-Fraktion zur Einschätzung der Bundesregierung zur Initiative der Kommission und zum Stand der Arbeitskräftemobilität u.a. mit Tabellen zur Anzahl ausländischer Angestellter und Arbeiter (ohne Auszubildende) nach ausgewählter Staatsangehörigkeit in Deutschland (Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2007-2016). (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Position der Bundesregierung zu bisherigen und neuen Vorschlägen einer Europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/5468) (2018)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium der Finanzen (2018): Position der Bundesregierung zu bisherigen und neuen Vorschlägen einer Europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/5468). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/5926 (21.11.2018)), 3 S.
Abstract
"Der Bundesminister der Finanzen Olaf Scholz hat Mitte Oktober 2018 den Vorschlag unterbreitet, eine europaweite Rückversicherung für nationale Arbeitslosenversicherungen zu schaffen. Bei dem Vorschlag handelt es sich um einen Teil einer deutsch-französischen Initiative für eine 'Roadmap' zur Stabilisierung der Eurozone. Mit einer Europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung soll ein Stabilisierungsmechanismus geschaffen werden, der asymmetrische konjunkturelle Entwicklungen in den Mitgliedsländern dämpft." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Design of a European unemployment benefit scheme (2017)
Zitatform
Beblavý, Miroslav, Karolien Lenaerts & Ilaria Maselli (2017): Design of a European unemployment benefit scheme. (CEPS research report 2017,04), Brüssel, 140 S.
Abstract
"In this extensive report, we assess how a European unemployment benefit scheme (EUBS) could be designed. To this end, we examine 18 EUBS variants, 4 equivalent and 14 genuine schemes, and their key features. Some of these features can also be found in national unemployment benefit schemes, while others are more related to the EUBS context. We analyse the design of a common EUBS in previous literature and combine these insights with results for the legal and operational options as well as constraints and the economic value added obtained as part of our study on the 'Feasibility and Added Value of a European Unemployment Benefit Scheme'. All this information is integrated into a summary fiche for each of the 18 EUBS variants studied. In addition, the report deals with a range of policy issues including convergence, minimum requirements and accession criteria." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Feasibility and added value of a European unemployment benefits scheme (2017)
Zitatform
Beblavý, Miroslav & Karolien Lenaerts (2017): Feasibility and added value of a European unemployment benefits scheme. Brüssel, 104 S.
Abstract
"This CEPS e-Book presents the final report of a comprehensive project on the Feasibility and Added Value of a European Unemployment Benefits Scheme, initiated by the European Parliament and commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. The aim of the study is to assess the legal and operational feasibility of introducing a European unemployment benefits scheme (EUBS), as well as the economic added value that such as scheme could bring. Some 18 different variants of an EUBS are analysed in terms of their design, legal and operational challenges and economic effects. The study presents the most comprehensive work on the subject to date. For each of these 18 variants, the impact on the individual member states, EMU and the EU has been examined. The 18 variants vary across a range of features, such as the replacement rate and caps used, the duration of unemployment benefits and the eligibility conditions that apply. If an EUBS were to be selected as one of the potential stabilisation mechanisms to explore further, this study provides evidence and insights on the barriers ahead and different ways to deal with them.
Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated, nor do they necessarily reflect the views or policy of the European Commission. This report was republished as a CEPS e-Book with the kind permission of the European Commission." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglw. abweichende) Version -
Literaturhinweis
Feasibility and added value of a European unemployment benefits scheme: Main findings from a comprehensive research project (2017)
Zitatform
Beblavý, Miroslav & Karolien Lenaerts (2017): Feasibility and added value of a European unemployment benefits scheme. Main findings from a comprehensive research project. Brüssel, 103 S. DOI:10.2767/86782
Abstract
"Synthesis of a research project requested by the European Parliament, commissioned by the European Commission and prepared by a consortium led by the Centre for European Policy Studies.
The research was conducted by a consortium led by the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). This consortium examined the macroeconomic impact of 18 European Unemployment Benefit Scheme (EUBS) variants and discussed various ways of dealing with such problems as the risk of permanent transfers across Member States, and incentives for Member States to shift costs of unemployment from the national to the European level or to reduce their investment in labour market integration (institutional moral hazard). Legal and operational issues, at the European and national level are also examined." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment: Examples from active labour-market policy (2017)
Burgoon, Brian;Zitatform
Burgoon, Brian (2017): Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment. Examples from active labour-market policy. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 161-173. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0014
Abstract
"This chapter explores the empirical challenges of understanding the socioeconomic implications of social investment welfare reform. Such understanding is crucial to gauging the pay-offs and pitfalls of social investment, but is also extremely difficult, given the complex character of social investment and its multiple and interacting consequences for work and well-being. Such complexity, the chapter contends, yields an unusually strong tension between relevance and rigour that dooms any dialogue among social scientists and practitioners with clashing methodological commitments. The present study argues in favour of a practical pluralism to facilitate such dialogue. This pluralism entails combining and comparing empirical work across the full spectrum of relevance and rigour. The chapter illustrates the problems and pluralist solutions with a combination of macro-country-year and macro-individual-year analysis of how active labour-market policies (ALMP) affect the poverty of vulnerable citizens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance in America: A model for Europe? (2017)
Zitatform
Lenaerts, Karolien, Félix Paquier & Suzanne Simonetta (2017): Unemployment insurance in America. A model for Europe? (CEPS policy insights 2017-23), Brüssel, 19 S.
Abstract
"After the crisis, the longstanding debate on a European unemployment benefits scheme (EUBS) was revived as part of a much larger debate on the need for a supranational automatic stabilisation function for Europe. The American unemployment insurance (UI) system, given its two-tier structure, has often been regarded as a model for a potential EUBS. Previous research has examined the lessons to be learned from the US UI. This paper builds on this literature but goes one step further as it carefully assesses whether the lessons from the US system could actually be implemented in a European context. Indeed, while there are important parallels between the US and the EU in some areas, significant differences in others may complicate implementation or even render it impossible. In this paper, the aim, therefore, is to identify the aspects of the US system to draw inspiration from - in light of the EU's institutional and political realities - and explain how they inform a potential EUBS. This exercise concentrates on the design and implementation of a potential EUBS. The paper highlights that a two-tier system helps to better attain the goals of unemployment insurance, as demonstrated by the American experience. It also shows the advantages of being pragmatic and taking an incentives-based approach. Other issues, such as solidarity and redistribution, seem more difficult to tackle in Europe than in the American context and would require further examination. Finally, discretionary measures should be considered with caution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))