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Andelic, Nicole, Julia Allan, Keith A. Bender, Daniel Powell & Ioannis Theodossiou (2024): Performance-related pay, mental and physiological health. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 63, H. 1, S. 3-25. DOI:10.1111/irel.12334

Abstract

"Much of the literature on performance-related pay (PRP) and poor health relies on self-reported data, and the relationship is difficult to examine due to confounding variables. We examine the relationship between PRP and three groups of health measures using data from the UKHLS: blood pressure, inflammation markers in blood, and self-reported health. Regressions correcting for self-selection bias and socio-demographic covariates find that PRP contracts are associated with poorer mental health, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher levels of fibrinogen. These findings suggest that firms that use PRP may need to implement policies to mitigate against PRP-related stress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Pihl-Thingvad, Signe, Vera Winter, Michelle Schelde Hansen & Jurgen Willems (2024): Relationships matter: how workplace social capital affects absenteeism of public sector employees. In: Public Management Review, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 1033-1060. DOI:10.1080/14719037.2022.2142652

Abstract

"Although absenteeism is a key concern in most western societies, research on reducing absenteeism in public sector organizations is scarce, particularly regarding the impact of organizational relationships. By building on the concept of workplace social capital (WSC) and using a large longitudinal cohort of Danish municipal employees, this study shows that three types of WSC (bridging, direct-leader-linking, and top-level-linking WSC) reduce absenteeism, while there is no significant effect of bonding WSC. Our empirical results further suggest that the relationships with the immediate leader and the top management (direct-leader-linking and top-level-linking WSC) are most important for employees' absenteeism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Silvestre, Maria João, Sónia P. Gonçalves & Maria João Velez (2024): Slow Work: The Mainstream Concept. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 13, H. 3. DOI:10.3390/socsci13030178

Abstract

"The global acceleration of the pace of life has led to an increase in working hours, time pressure, and intensification of work tasks in organizations, with consequences for the physical and psychological health of workers. This acceleration and its consequences make it especially relevant to consider the principles of the slow movement and how they can be applied to the work context, focusing on the importance of slowing down the current pace of work and its implications for the sustainability of people and organizations. The key purpose of this study is to define the concept of slow work and understand its relationship with individual and organisational factors in order to extract the structuring dimensions, enabling its empirical study and practical application. Using grounded theory methodology, we conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with leaders of organizations from different sectors. Data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA programme. It was concluded that slow work is a way of working that respects the balance between individual rhythms and the objectives of the organization, in favor of the sustainability of both parties, and that advocates qualitative goals, thinking time, individual recovery, purpose, and the humanisation of work. The main contribution is the conceptualisation of a construct that may be used in future studies, as well as in the development of organisational policies promoting the slow work culture." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Zilanawala, Afshin & Anne McMunn (2024): Nonstandard work schedules in the UK: What are the implications for parental mental health and relationship happiness? In: Community, work & family, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 54-77. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2022.2077173

Abstract

"This article investigates the associations between nonstandard work schedules, parents’ mental health, and couple relationship happiness across childhood using the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal, population-based data set of births in the UK. Using individual fixed effects models, we investigated the relationship between maternal and paternal nonstandard work schedules, examining both separate and joint work schedules and mental health and relationship happiness. Although we did not observe any associations between mothers’ nonstandard work schedules and their mental health, we did find regularly working night schedules were associated with lower relationship happiness, and particularly so during the school-age period. Fathers’ evening and weekend work schedules were associated with worse mental health. The joint work schedule in which mothers worked a standard schedule and fathers worked nonstandard schedules was associated with lower relationship happiness for mothers and worse mental health for fathers. These results demonstrate the salience of incorporating fathers’ work schedules to understand the challenges and benefits to families of nonstandard work schedules. Our study also emphasizes the significance of investigating the family consequences of nonstandard work schedules in different country contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ben Halima, Mohamed Ali, Nathalie Greenan & Joseph Lanfranchi (2023): Getting sick for profit? The impact of cumulative ICT and management changes on long term sickness absence. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 212, S. 659-688. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.06.008

Abstract

"This article evaluates the impact of cumulative ICT and management changes on long-term sickness absences. We use a unique dataset matching a company-level survey on computerisation and organizational change with an administrative file allowing us to track health issues amongst the working population. We implement a difference-in-difference approach using two time windows: a three-year period after changes have occurred and another period corresponding to the period of implementation of changes. We identify three treatments according to the sets of tools implemented by firms and reflecting different types and degrees of organisational changes: Information and Communication technology (ICT) changes only, management changes only, and cumulative ICT and management changes. We find the following core result: cumulative changes in ICT and management tools increase occupational risks and detrimentally affect employees’ health, while management changes only reduce long-term sickness absences. However, there are gendered and occupational differences in the timing and strength of these impacts. First, when firms implement cumulative ICT and management changes, health impairments start for women during the change phase, whereas for men, they appear only afterwards. Second, while we observe the protective effects of managerial changes on their own for both genders during the change phase, these effects do not persist afterwards for women. Third, managers and professionals are protected in the change phase against the serious health consequences of cumulative ICT and management changes, and they benefit from the reduction in risks associated with management changes alone. Hence, cumulative ICT and management changes, which are likely to yield the highest returns for firms in the presence of productive complementarities, are also associated with greater health damage. Furthermore, this social cost of organizational change is only partially borne by the firms responsible for it. We show that the most vulnerable employees are more likely to be mobile (voluntarily or involuntarily) after the implementation of changes" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Botha, Ferdi, Jan Kabátek, Jordy Meekes & Roger Wilkins (2023): The Effects of Commuting and Working from Home Arrangements on Mental Health. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16618), Bonn, 49 S.

Abstract

"In this study, we quantify the causal effects of commuting time and working from home (WFH) arrangements on the mental health of Australian men and women. Leveraging rich panel-data models, we first show that adverse effects of commuting time manifest only among men. These are concentrated among individuals with pre-existing mental health issues, and they are modest in magnitude. Second, we show that WFH arrangements have large positive effects on women's mental health, provided that the WFH component is large enough. The effects are once again concentrated among individuals with pre-existing mental health issues. This effect specificity is novel and extends beyond Australia: we show that it also underlies the adverse effects of commuting time on the mental health of British women. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions and support for individuals who are dealing with mental health problems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Falkstedt, Daniel, Melody Almroth, Tomas Hemmingsson, Angelo D'Errico, Maria Albin, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Per Gustavsson & Katarina Kjellberg (2023): Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1137-1147. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4

Abstract

"Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose–response shape of the associations, and potential confounding efects of physical workload. Methods: Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-of. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose–response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Fleischer, Julia & Camilla Wanckel (2023): Job Satisfaction and the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Autonomy. In: Review of Public Personnel Administration online erschienen am 12.01.2023, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1177/0734371X221148403

Abstract

"Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Focacci, Chiara Natalie & François Pichault (2023): How does institutional context shape work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers? A contextualised application of the capability approach to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 36-61. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-12-2022-0312

Abstract

"Purpose: According to Sen's theoretical framework of capability (1985), individuals reach their full potential once they have the freedom, intended as the set of functionings at their disposal, to do so. However, many critiques have been developed against the lack of embeddedness of the capability approach in social and political relations and structures. In this article, the authors investigate the influence of three institutional contexts (Belgium, the Netherlands and France) on the respective work-related functionings of self-employed and regular workers, with a focus on human capital investment and institutional support offered to them. Design/methodology/approach Data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) are used to highlight similarities and differences in building work-related functionings for regular and self-employed workers. A regression analysis is provided at the country level. Findings In the three labor markets, the authors find that the building of work-related functionings is more successful for regular employees, especially as regards institutional support. Self-employed workers, on the other hand, need to rely on their individual capability as regards employment protection and human capital investment. However, the authors find interesting differences between the three institutional contexts. In both Belgium and France, self-employed workers are subject to higher instability in terms of changes in salary and hours worked, whereas atypical work is better positioned in the Dutch labour market. The Netherlands is also characterized by a less significant gap between regular and self-employed workers with respect to participation in training. Originality/value In this article, the authors contextualise Sen's (1985) theoretical framework by taking into account the institutional differences of labor markets. In particular, the authors provide a novel application of his capability approach to regular and self-employed workers in an economically relevant European area." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Jelenko, Marie (2023): Arbeit und Gesundheit in der Spätmoderne. Betriebliche Prävention im Spannungsfeld zwischen Individualisierung und Top-Down-Struktur. (Arbeit und Organisation 12), Bielefeld: Transcript, 280 S. DOI:10.14361/9783839464946

Abstract

"Immer schneller, weiter, mehr! Bei diesem leistungsorientierten Diktum sind arbeitsbezogene Gesundheitsgefahren allgegenwärtig. Sozialpolitisch wird deren Vorbeugung in der betrieblichen Prävention fokussiert, die traditionell an der Unfallverhütung und der männlichen Industriearbeit orientiert ist. Im Kontrast dazu steht die Forderung spätmoderner Dienstleistungsgesellschaften nach mehr Flexibilität und Einsatzbereitschaft. Marie Jelenko untersucht, wie die Bewältigung von erhöhten Anforderungen und das damit verbundene Gesundheitsrisiko auf den Schultern des Individuums abgeladen werden." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Karjalainen, Mira (2023): Gender and the blurring boundaries of work in the era of telework—A longitudinal study. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. e13029. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13029

Abstract

"This longitudinal study analyses gender and the blurring boundaries of work during prolonged telework, utilising data gathered during the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused a major change in the knowledge work sector, which has characteristically been more prone to work leaking into other parts of life. The study examines the blurring boundaries of telework: between time and place, care and housework, and emotional, social, spiritual and aesthetic labour. The experiences of different genders regarding the blurring boundaries of work during long-term telework are scrutinised using a mixed methods approach, analysing two surveys (Autumn 2020: N = 87, and Autumn 2021: N = 94) conducted longitudinally in a consulting company operating in Finland. There were several gendered differences in the reported forms of labour, which contribute to the blurring boundaries of work. Some boundary blurring remained the same during the study, while some fluctuated. The study also showed how the gendered practices around the blurring boundaries of work transformed during prolonged telework. Blurring boundaries of work and attempts to establish boundaries became partially gendered, as gender and life situation were reflected in knowledge workers' experiences of teleworking." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Maestas, Nicole, Kathleen J. Mullen, David Powell, Till Von Wachter & Jeffrey B. Wenger (2023): The Value of Working Conditions in the United States and the Implications for the Structure of Wages. In: The American economic review, Jg. 113, H. 7, S. 2007-2047. DOI:10.1257/aer.20190846

Abstract

"We document variation in working conditions in the United States, present estimates of how workers value these conditions, and assess the impact of working conditions on estimates of wage inequality. We conduct a series of stated-preference experiments to estimate workers' willingness to pay for a broad set of working conditions, which we validate with actual job choices. We find that working conditions vary substantially, play a significant role in job choice, and are central components of the compensation received by workers. We find that accounting for differences in preferences for working conditions often exacerbates wage differentials and intensifies measures of wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Norström, Fredrik, Magnus Zingmark, Anita Pettersson-Strömbäck, Klas-Göran Sahlén, Malin Öhrling & Karin Bölenius (2023): How does the distribution of work tasks among home care personnel relate to workload and health-related quality of life? In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1167-1181. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01997-2

Abstract

"Background: The work for Swedish home care workers is challenging with a variety of support and healthcare tasks for home care recipients. The aim of our study is to investigate how these tasks relate to workload and health-related quality of life among home care workers in Sweden. We also explore staf preferences concerning work distribution. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 municipalities in Northern Sweden. Questionnaires with validated instruments to measure workload (QPSNordic) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), were responded by 1154 (~58%) of approximately 2000 invited home care workers. EQ-5D responses were translated to a Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) score. For 15 diferent work task areas, personnel provided their present and preferred allocation. Absolute risk diferences were calculated with propensity score weighting. Results: Statistically signifcantly more or fewer problems diferences were observed for: higher workloads were higher among those whose daily work included responding to personal alarms (8.4%), running errands outside the home (14%), rehabilitation (13%) and help with bathing (11%). Apart from rehabilitation, there were statistically signifcantly more (8–10%) problems with anxiety/depression for these tasks. QALY scores were lower among those whose daily work included food distribution (0.034) and higher for daily meal preparation (0.031), both explained by pain/discomfort dimension. Personnel preferred to, amongst other, spend less time responding to personal alarms, and more time providing social support. Conclusion: The redistribution of work tasks is likely to reduce workload and improve the health of personnel. Our study provides an understanding of how such redistribution could be undertaken." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Raftopoulou, Athina & Nicholas Giannakopoulos (2023): Unemployment and health: a panel event study. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 30, H. 10, S. 1275-1278. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2022.2044993

Abstract

"Adopting a panel event study framework, we estimate the effect of unemployment on health outcomes by exploiting the variation in the timing of entering unemployment using longitudinal data for Greece. We find that in the periods ahead of an unemployment event, health outcomes decline and unmet needs for medical care increase. These findings are valid only for men and are robust to alternative definitions of health outcomes, unemployment events and model specifications. Our findings have important implications for research-based policies aimed to promote individuals’ well-being, especially in periods of high unemployment rates and economic distress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rondinella, Sandro & Damiano B. Silipo (2023): The effects of chronic migraine on labour productivity: Evidence from Italy. In: Labour, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1111/labr.12230

Abstract

"We use the Italian Statistical Institute survey that comprises about 80,000 questionnaires representative of the overall population between 15 and 90 years old to estimate the impact of chronic migraine on absenteeism and labour productivity. Using an ordinary least squares method to determine the direct effect of chronic migraine on labour productivity, we show that a 10 per cent increase in the number of people with chronic migraine increases absenteeism by 11 per cent and reduces labour productivity by 1.1 per cent per year. However, the effects of chronic migraine on absenteeism and labour productivity vary substantially between regions and sectors. Also, the comorbidity of chronic migraine with other illnesses, especially psychological illnesses, contributes to decreasing labour productivity. Most important, the results obtained at the micro level are similar and even more robust at the macro level. The results refer to a specific country, but we claim they can apply to other countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Tirabeni, Lia (2023): Bounded Well-Being: Designing Technologies for Workers' Well-Being in Corporate Programmes. In: Work, Employment and Society online erschienen am 19.10.2023. DOI:10.1177/09500170231203113

Abstract

"This article examines the relationship between workers’ well-being and digitalisation at work. It is based on the findings of a qualitative study carried out in a manufacturing company, and it focuses on the development of a wearable device for well-being. Using the analytical concepts of ‘translation’ and ‘inscription’ taken from Actor-Network Theory, it explores how digital technologies for well-being are designed in corporate programmes and shows how the final technology results from processes of inscription and translation performed by the actors involved in the design phase. The end device embodies a concept of well-being that has been called ‘bounded’ to emphasise how well-being at work is limited by organisational constraints. The article invites a rethinking of hedonic well-being at work as a precondition for eudaimonic well-being so that the human being is understood as a psychophysical unit that is part of a rich social context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Weststar, Johanna & Louis-Étienne Dubois (2023): From Crunch to Grind: Adopting Servitization in Project-Based Creative Work. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 972-990. DOI:10.1177/09500170211061228

Abstract

"The digital game industry has embraced servitization – a strategic orientation toward customer centricity in production-based firms – to deeply monetize digital games. Though some note the resource-intensive nature of delivering services and suggest inherent risks in its adoption, extant literature is uncritical. This article draws on labour process theory to critique the impact of servitization on workers at the point of production. We conducted in-depth interviews at a large North American game development studio. The results show the human cost of servitization, generally overshadowed by financial considerations. Specifically, we theorize that servitization increases the indeterminacy of labour and this must be compensated for if servitization is to realize its cost-benefit potential. The result is an intensification of labour through additional control imperatives which make workers accountable to consumers through deterministic success metrics, impact the creative process and direct creative outputs in real time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wirth, Tanja & Stefanie Mache (2023): Gesundheitsförderliche Gestaltung von Digitalisierungsprozessen in Organisationen. Wissenschaftlicher Überblick von Anforderungen und Unterstützungsfaktoren für Beschäftigte. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin H. 58, S. 727-735. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-316850

Abstract

"Digitalisierungsprozesse können weitreichende arbeitsorganisatorische Veränderungen mit sich bringen und Einfluss auf die Arbeitsbedingungen von Beschäftigten nehmen. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel untersucht, welche Anforderungen und Unterstützungsfaktoren Beschäftigte im Zuge solcher Digitalisierungsprozesse erleben und wie diese gesundheitsförderlich gestaltet werden können. Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed und Web of Science durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden deutsch- und englischsprachige Studien ab dem Jahr 2013, die konkrete Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen/-projekte in Unternehmen oder staatlichen Einrichtungen untersuchten und Ergebnisse zu den Auswirkungen der Digitalisierungsprozesse auf die Beschäftigten oder hinsichtlich der Prozessgestaltung beschrieben. Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgte als qualitative Zusammenfassung. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden neun Studien in die Übersicht eingeschlossen. Fehlende Ziele, Strategien und Verantwortlichkeiten für die Implementierung der Digitalisierungsmaßnahme, Intransparenz, erhöhte Arbeitsbelastung sowie unzureichende Unterstützung und zeitliche Ressourcen können von Beschäftigten als Anforderung wahrgenommen werden. Umfangreiche Information, aktive Einbindung, Bereitstellung von Schulungsmaßnahmen und Unterstützung auf technischer Ebene und durch die Führung stellen dagegen Unterstützungsfaktoren im Prozess dar. Entsprechend bieten die Vorbereitung und Ausgestaltung des Prozesses, personelle Ressourcen, Unterstützungsmaßnahmen, Partizipation und Kommunikation relevante Möglichkeiten für eine gesundheitsförderliche Gestaltung des Digitalisierungsvorhabens. Schlussfolgerungen: Organisationen sollten mögliche Auswirkungen von Digitalisierungsprozessen für ihre Beschäftigten bereits zu Beginn der Maßnahme berücksichtigen und mitgestalten. Das kann gelingen, indem die Implementierung von Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen als ganzheitlicher Prozess verstanden wird, der ein Change-Management und Change-Leadership erfordert. Schlüsselwörter: Digitalisierung – digitale Transformation – Change-Management – betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (eingegangen am 31.08.2023, angenommen am 12.10.2023)" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Zhang, Linruo, Thierry Gagné & Anne McMunn (2023): Changes in economic activity and mental distress among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Differences between the first and second infection waves in the UK. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0292540

Abstract

"Background While infection rates, lockdown policies, and labor market conditions substantially varied across COVID-19 waves, the majority of evidence on young adults’ mental health remains focused on initial responses in early 2020. The variability of the relationship between economic activity and mental health over time therefore remains poorly understood in this age group. Methods Using linear mixed models, we investigated the relationship between current activity and changes in activity and mental distress (GHQ-12) among 1,390 young adults aged 16–34 via the UK Household Longitudinal Study COVID-19 survey. The association was explored in the first (from April to July 2020) and second (from September 2020 to March 2021) infection waves. Current activity was defined as “not working”, “working <17.5 hours/week”, “17.5–35 hours/week”, and “> = 35 hours/week”. Changes in activity were derived from current and pre-pandemic working hours and divided into four categories: “working with no reduced hours”, “working fewer hours”, “no longer working”, and “did not work before the pandemic”. Results During the first wave, no association reached statistical significance. During the second wave: 1) compared to “currently not working”, working 35 or more hours was associated with decreased distress (b = -1.54; 95%CI -2.39, -0.69) and working less than 17.5 hours was not (b = -0.62; 95%CI -1.66, 0.41); 2) compared to “working with no reduced hours compared with before the outbreak”, no longer working was associated with increased distress (b = 1.58, 95%CI 0.61, 2.55) and working with reduced hours was not (b = 0.47, 95%CI -0.24, 1.17). Conclusion Above the mental health inequalities experienced at the start of the pandemic, full-time work–even with variation in work hours–continued to be a protective factor against mental distress among young adults during the second wave in the UK. Stable, full-time work can better support this age group’s mental well-being over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Becker, Karin L. (2022): We want connection and we do not mean wi-fi: examining the impacts of Covid-19 on Gen Z's work and employment outcomes. In: Management Research Review, Jg. 45, H. 5, S. 684-699. DOI:10.1108/MRR-01-2021-0052

Abstract

"Purpose: This study aims to examine how members of Gen Z are impacted by Covid-19, specifically focusing on their professional opportunities, work preferences and future outlook. Design/methodology/approach A survey consisting of 24 questions including a Likert scale, multiple choice and open-ended was created to understand how members of Gen Z perceive Covid-19 impacting their education, employment, mental health and relationships. The survey was disseminated to employees of a corporate restaurant franchise, Christian college admissions and guidance non-profit, and online through social media including Instagram, Facebook, Reddit and LinkedIn. A total of 517 respondents completed the survey. Survey participants came from 29 states and 6 countries. Findings Results highlight Gen Z overwhelmingly values interpersonal connections, wants to Zoom less and work more in-person. The findings help anticipate potential professional gaps due to Covid-19 restrictions, as well as point out how Gen Z is markedly different in terms of workforce trends. Content analysis from an open-ended question reveals the extent of disruption Gen Z has experienced, adversely affecting their career plans and stalling professional development. Yet, despite these setbacks, Gen Z maintains a cautiously optimistic future outlook. Research limitations/implications Limitations to the study include the sample is largely comprising White women so the generalizability of results may be limited and the self-reporting nature of the survey may pose problems with method variance. Practical implications These findings have implications for Millennials as managers as they identify where resources should be invested including strengthening interpersonal communication skills, providing mentoring opportunities and appealing to their financial conservatism to recruit and retain Gen Z employees. The changes in telecommuting preferences and desire for more interpersonal and in-person communication opportunities highlight how Gen Z is markedly different than previous generations. Social implications Gen Z’s optimistic future outlook conveys a sense of resilience and strength in the face of stress. Rather than engaging in cognitive distortions and over generalizations when stressed, results show Gen Z is able to find healthy alternatives and maintain optimism in the face of stress. Additionally, due to the extent of isolation and loneliness Gen Zers reported, the value of in-person connections cannot be overstated. As results convey a sense of being overlooked and missing out on so many rites of passage, inviting Gen Zers to share how they have been impacted, recognizing their accomplishments and listening to them may go a long way to develop rapport. Originality/value This study differs from others because it takes a generational look at Covid-19 impacts. The qualitative nature allows us to hear from members of Gen Z in their own words, and as a generational cohort, their voices inform workplace attitudes, practices and managerial procedures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Belloni, Michele, Ludovico Carrino & Elena Meschi (2022): The impact of working conditions on mental health: novel evidence from the UK. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 76. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102176

Abstract

"This paper investigates the causal impact of working conditions on mental health in the UK, combining new longitudinal data on working conditions from the European Working Conditions Survey with microdata from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (Understanding Society). Our empirical strategy accounts for the endogenous sorting of individuals into occupations by including individual fixed effects. We address the potential endogeneity of occupational change over time by focusing only on individuals who remain in the same occupation (ISCO 3-digit), exploiting the variation in working conditions within each occupation over time. This variation, determined primarily by general macroeconomic conditions, is likely to be exogenous from the individual point of view. Our results indicate that, for female workers, improvements in working conditions such as skills and discretion, working time quality, and work intensity improve mental health outcomes such as loss of confidence, anxiety, social dysfunction, and risk of clinical depression. These effects are clinically relevant and substantial for younger and older female workers and larger for workers in occupations characterised by an inherently higher level of job strain. We detail how different dimensions of job quality impact different mental health outcomes for different age groups. Our results have important implications for public policies and firms which aim to improve workers' wellbeing and productivity through workplace interventions focused on mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))

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Bertoni, Marco, Danilo Cavapozzi, Giacomo Pasini & Caterina Pavese (2022): The causal impact of remote working on depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. (French Stata Users' Group Meetings 2022 10), Marseille, 33 S.

Abstract

"I use longitudinal data from the SHARE survey to estimate the effect of remote working during the Covid-19 pandemic on depression in senior Europeans. There are potential endogeneity concerns both for the probability of remaining employed during the pandemic and, conditional on employment, for the choice of work arrangements. My research design overcomes these problems by exploiting the occupational variations in the technical feasibility of remote working and sectoral differences in the legal restrictions on in-presence work. I find that remote working increases the probability of reporting feelings of sadness or depression. This effect is larger for women, respondents with children at home, and singles, as well as in regions with more restrictive containment policies and low-excess death rates. My results should alert policy makers to the potential adverse consequences of remote working for mental health in the post-pandemic situation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Costa-Font, Joan (2022): Incentivizing sleep? Insufficient sleep affects employment and productivity. (IZA world of labor 502), Bonn, 9 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.502

Abstract

"Obwohl Menschen einen großen Teil ihrer Zeit (meist 8-9 Stunden pro Tag) dem Schlafen widmen, wird diese Zeit bislang nicht als Determinante für wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Wohlbefinden verstanden. Angesichts seiner Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung und Produktivität sollten Politik und Unternehmen der Rolle des Schlafes stärker Rechnung tragen und mit entsprechenden Richtlinien und Anreizen ausreichenden Schlaf der Beschäftigten fördern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Devaro, Jed (2022): Performance pay, working hours, and health-related absenteeism. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 61, H. 4, S. 327-352. DOI:10.1111/irel.12308

Abstract

"Analysis of broad, U.K. worker-establishment matched panel data from 2004 to 2011 reveals that working hours increase with the fraction of an establishment's workers receiving performance-based pay, if the cutoff for “long weekly hours” is from 35 to 39, but not beyond a sharp discontinuity at 40. Long hours are found to be unrelated to various workplace health problems but positively related to health-related absenteeism. Combined with complementary research on hours and productivity, the results suggest that the well-known productivity enhancements from performance pay are dampened by exhaustion-induced absenteeism stemming from additional working hours and higher per-hour work intensity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Griffin, Gabriele (2022): The 'Work-Work Balance' in higher education. Between over-work, falling short and the pleasures of multiplicity. In: Studies in higher education, Jg. 47, H. 11, S. 2190-2203. DOI:10.1080/03075079.2021.2020750

Abstract

"The neoliberalization of higher education in western countries has led to work intensification, projectification, and work-life balance issues for academics. This article draws on interviews with Digital Humanities practitioners in higher education conducted in 2017–2018 in three Nordic countries to introduce the concept of the ‘work-work balance’, an under-researched phenomenon in contemporary academe. The term ‘work-work balance’ refers to the ways in which workers in higher education seek to balance conflicting concurrent work demands made on them. Four such work scenarios emerged from the data: the 50/50 split across different jobs; working across multiple projects simultaneously; occupying multiple functional roles; and conflicting demands within one job. The article argues that work-work balance, or rather imbalance, issues result in the inability of higher education workers to meet the demands put upon them. This raises questions regarding the role of HEIs and research funding regimes in the generation and maintenance of work-work balance scenarios and suggests that work-work balance issues need to be researched further as well as requiring urgent attention from HEIs and research funders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Leitner, Sandra M. & Roman Stöllinger (2022): Does my Computer Protect me from Burnout? Cross-country Evidence on the Impact of ICT use within the Job Demands-Resources Model. (WIIW working paper 216), Wien, 44 S.

Abstract

"This paper uses a large sample of employees from 35 European countries to study the direct and indirect effects of ICT use on burnout and work engagement as two opposite poles of employee psychological health, where the former comprises the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. It applies the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and analyses the mediating role of three job demands (work extensity, work intensity, social demands) and four job resources (social support from management or colleagues, job control, rewards) on workers’ psychological health. It accounts for the importance of the place of work for the effect of ICT use on workers’ psychological health by differentiating between four types of workers: home-based workers, highly mobile workers, occasionally mobile workers, and workers who always work at the employer’s premises. The results show that ICT use is associated with lower levels of exhaustion but is unrelated to work engagement. Furthermore, work intensity, work extensity, social demands and rewards mediate the effect of ICT use on exhaustion, while job control and rewards mediate the effect of ICT use on work engagement. Our multi-group analysis attributes the negative effect of ICT use on exhaustion mainly to occasionally mobile workers and to workers who always work at the employer’s premises and highlights that the factors that mediate the effect of ICT use on workers’ psychological health differ across the four types of workers. Home-based workers stand out in two important respects: first, ICT use per se is unrelated to burnout; second, only one factor – work intensity – mediates the effect of ICT use on burnout, but its effect is especially strong." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mokros, Łukasz, Piotr Świtaj, Przemysław Bieńkowski, Łukasz Święcicki & Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz (2022): Depression and loneliness may predict work inefficiency among professionally active adults. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 95, H. 8, S. 1775-1783. DOI:10.1007/s00420-022-01869-1

Abstract

"Both depression and loneliness have been recognized as major public health issues, yet investigation into their role among young and middle-aged, professionally active persons is still required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether depression and loneliness may independently predict inefficiency at work among professionally active adults." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Padrosa, Eva, Christophe Vanroelen, Carles Muntaner, Joan Benach & Mireia Julià (2022): Precarious employment and mental health across European welfare states: a gender perspective. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 95, H. 7, S. 1463-1480. DOI:10.1007/s00420-022-01839-7

Abstract

"The aim of this article was to examine the relationship between precarious employment (PE), welfare states (WS) and mental health in Europe from a gender perspective. Data were derived from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. PE was measured through the Employment Precariousness Scale for Europe (EPRES-E), validated for comparative research in 22 European countries, and categorized into quartiles. Countries were classified into Continental, Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Southern and Central-Eastern WS. Mental health was assessed through the WHO-5 Well-Being Index and dichotomized into poor and good mental health. In a sample of 22,555 formal employees, we performed gender-stratified multi-level logistic regression models. Results showed greater prevalences of PE and poor mental health among women. However, the association between them was stronger among men. Cross-country differences were observed in multi-level regressions, but the interaction effect of WS was only significant among women. More precisely, Central-Eastern WS enhanced the likelihood of poor mental health among women in high precarious employment situations (quartiles 3 and 4). These findings suggest the interaction between contextual and individual factors in the production of mental health inequalities, both within and across countries. They also call for the incorporation of gender-sensitive welfare policies if equitable and healthy labor markets are to be achieved in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Tattarini, Giulia (2022): A job is good, but is a good job healthier? Longitudinal analyses on the health consequences of unemployment and precarious employment in Europe. Potsdam, 182 S. DOI:10.25932/publishup-53672

Abstract

"Among all of the negative consequences of job loss and employment precariousness, this study focuses on (maybe) the less noticeable: decreases in individual health. It is a common belief that good health merely means the absence of disease or infirmity and that, consequently, it depends only on the access and quality of health care. However, as defined by the WHO, health can be regarded as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing (WHO 1948) and ‘the extent to which an individual or group is able on the one hand to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment’ (WHO 1984)1 . In this sense, health is a comprehensive concept covering different dimensions of well-being and capacities and a personal and social resource necessary for living. Therefore, besides the most ‘proximal’ factors such as the formal health care settings and the most obvious being intrinsic biological characteristics such as age, sex, and genes, health and health inequalities2 depend on a wide range of social determinants3 , including work and employment (Solar and Alec 2010; Link and Phelan 1995; Wilkinson and Marmot 2003). Health, then, is not just a medical issue but a complex social and economic phenomenon and a critical social justice concern (Sen 2002). Although there are other crucial effects of unemployment and precarious work - such as on future careers as well as on economic well-being or fertility choices (e.g. Scherer 2004; 2009; Giesecke 2009; Giesecke and Groß 2003; Modena and Sabatini 2012; Del Bono, Weber, and Winter-Ebmer 2012; Kreyenfeld 2010; for a review on the far-reaching consequences of job loss see Brand 2015) - the effects on health are arguably the most remarkable. This study aims to advance our knowledge about the health consequences that unemployment and precariousness cause over the life course. In particular, I investigate which moderating factors may offset or increase the impact of employment instability and insecurity on individual health. In doing so, I focus on other social determinants of health, namely, gender, the family, and the broader cultural and institutional context." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Anelli, Massimo & Felix König (2021): Willingness to Pay for Workplace Safety. (CESifo working paper 9469), München, 59 S.

Abstract

"This paper develops a revealed-preference approach that uses budget constrain discontinuities to price workplace safety. We track hourly workers who face the decision of how many hours to work at varying levels of Covid-19 risk and leverage state-specific discontinuities in unemployment insurance eligibility criteria to identify the labor supply behavior. Results show large baseline responses at the threshold and increasing responses for higher health risks. The observed behavior implies that workers are willing to accept 34% lower incomes to reduce the fatality rate by one standard deviation, or 1% of income for a one in a million chance of dying." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Galliker, Sibylle, Denise Nyffenegger, Norbert K. Semmer & Achim Elfering (2021): Women and men in leadership positions: health and work-related attitudes and their associations with work-related stressors, private stressors, and privacy-work conflict. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 75, H. 1, S. 29-45. DOI:10.1007/s41449-020-00203-0

Abstract

"Die Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben ist für Führungskräfte schwierig. Eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 1070 Schweizer Führungskräften wurde zu Arbeitsstressoren (AS), privaten Stressoren (PS) und Arbeitsressourcen befragt. Einzelskalen wurden zu Indices zusammengefasst. Frauen berichteten höhere PS (Hedges' g = -0.66) und etwas niedrigere AS (g = 0.16). Höhere AS, nicht aber höhere PS sagten eine geringere affektive Bindung ans Unternehmen, geringere Arbeitszufriedenheit und grössere Fluktuationsabsicht vorher. AS und PS hingen mit stärkerer emotionaler Erschöpfung, schlechterem Gesundheitszustand und stärkeren psychosomatischen Beschwerden zusammen. Die Varianzaufklärung war jeweils grösser für AS als für PS. Die Arbeitsressourcen sagten sowohl Arbeitseinstellungen als auch Gesundheitsindikatoren vorher. Eine Zweifachinteraktion zeigte einen stärkeren Zusammenhang zwischen PS und emotionaler Erschöpfung bei Männern als bei Frauen; es zeigten sich keine Dreifachinteraktionen zwischen AS, PS und Geschlecht. Der Konflikt zwischen Privatleben und Arbeit (PWC) wurde als Mediator des Zusammenhangs zwischen PS und Arbeitszufriedenheit, emotionaler Erschöpfung, psychosomatischen Beschwerden und Gesundheitsstatus bestätigt. Entgegen der Erwartung war der Pfad zwischen PS und PWC bei Männern stärker als bei Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hofmarcher, Thomas (2021): The effect of paid vacation on health: evidence from Sweden. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 929-967. DOI:10.1007/s00148-020-00789-z

Abstract

"This study estimates the causal effect of paid vacation on health. Using register data on the universe of central government employees in Sweden, I exploit an age-based rule stipulated in the collective agreement covering these employees. I achieve identification by combining a regression discontinuity with a difference-in-differences design to control for time-invariant differences between consecutive birth cohorts and isolate the true effect at two separate discontinuities at ages 30 and 40. The main results indicate that an increase of three paid vacation days at age 30 and four days at age 40 do not cause significant changes in health, as proxied by visits to specialized outpatient care, inpatient admissions, and long-term sick leaves. These findings challenge the anecdotal view of additional paid vacation days as an adequate means to improve workers' health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Nazareno, Luísa & Daniel S. Schiff (2021): The impact of automation and artificial intelligence on worker well-being. In: Technology in Society, Jg. 67. DOI:10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101679

Abstract

"Discourse surrounding the future of work often treats technological substitution of workers as a cause for concern, but complementarity as a good. However, while automation and artificial intelligence may improve productivity or wages for those who remain employed, they may also have mixed or negative impacts on worker well-being. This study considers five hypothetical channels through which automation may impact worker well-being: influencing worker freedom, sense of meaning, cognitive load, external monitoring, and insecurity. We apply a measure of automation risk to a set of 402 occupations to assess whether automation predicts impacts on worker well-being along the dimensions of job satisfaction, stress, health, and insecurity. Findings based on a 2002–2018 dataset from the General Social Survey reveal that workers facing automation risk appear to experience less stress, but also worse health, and minimal or negative impacts on job satisfaction. These impacts are more concentrated on workers facing the highest levels of automation risk. This article encourages new research directions by revealing important heterogeneous effects of technological complementarity. We recommend that firms, policymakers, and researchers not conceive of technological complementarity as a uniform good, and instead direct more attention to mixed well-being impacts of automation and artificial intelligence on workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vadean, Florin & Eirini Saloniki (2021): Job separation and sick leave in the long-term care sector in England. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 994), Essen, 37 S.

Abstract

"Staff turnover in the long-term care (LTC) sector in England is perceived to be relatively high. Most job leavers do not leave the sector, but rather move to other LTC employers. Nevertheless, there are concerns that the high 'churn' has a negative impact on continuity and quality of care, care providers' recruitment and training costs, and the remaining staff workload and motivation. Using a large employer-employee panel dataset, this study aimed to provide quantitative evidence on the drivers of LTC staff retention and sick leave in England, with a focus on job quality. After controlling for observed individual, organisational and local market characteristics as well as unobserved worker and employer heterogeneity, we found that, everything else being equal, wages and employment conditions (i.e. full time contracts and contracts with guaranteed working hours) significantly improve staff retention. The wage effect was significantly underestimated when not controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings show that improving pay and employment conditions for care staff employed by independent providers would reduce the staff turnover in LTC. We also found that, everything else being equal, the amount of sick leave was strongly associated with employment in publicly owned care establishments, most likely due to the relatively more generous sick leave terms they offer." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jolivet, Grégory & Fabien Postel-Vinay (2020): A Structural Analysis of Mental Health and Labor Market Trajectories. (IZA discussion paper 13518), 59 S.

Abstract

"We conduct a joint dynamic analysis of individual labor market and mental health outcomes. We allow for a two-way interaction between work and mental health. We model selection in and out of employment as well as between jobs on a labor market with search frictions, where we account for the level of exposure to stress in each job using data on occupational health contents. We estimate our model on British data from Understanding Society combined with information from O*NET. We produce structural estimates of health dynamics as a function of job characteristics and of the effects of health and of job stress content on labor market decisions. We use our model to quantify the effects of job loss or health shocks that can propagate over the life cycle through both health and work channels. We also estimate the (large) values workers attach to health, employment or non-stressful jobs. Lastly, we investigate the consequences of structural labor market changes by evaluating the impact on health, employment and inequality of changes in the distribution of job health contents." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Reinwald, Max & Florian Kunze (2020): Being different, being absent? A dynamic perspective on demographic dissimilarity and absenteeism in blue-collar teams. In: Academy of Management Journal, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 660-684. DOI:10.5465/amj.2018.0290

Abstract

Die Autoren beobachteten in einer Langzeitstudie über 800 Teams eines großen Schweizer Dienstleistungsunternehmens über sieben Jahre. Sie konzentrierten sich auf Geschlecht und Alter von neu ins Team kommenden Kolleginnen und Kollegen. Die These: Je unähnlicher ein neues Teammitglied, desto eher wird es in Situationen geraten, in denen es sich Diskriminierung ausgesetzt sieht. Solche Situationen, sogenannte Anker-Events, prägten dann die Wahrnehmung der Zusammenarbeit im Team auf Jahre hinaus. Als Maß für Unzufriedenheit und mangelnde Integration dienten Fehlzeiten (ausgenommen reguläre Urlaubstage, Fortbildungen, Mutterschutz etc.). Die Forscher erwarteten, dass Teammitglieder, die stark vom Rest der Gruppe abwichen, häufigere und längere Fehlzeiten ansammeln würden. "2.711 Personen haben wir ausgewertet, Teameintrittsdatum, Teamzusammensetzung, Teamwechsel und Fehlzeiten - alles natürlich komplett anonymisiert", berichtet Kunze. "Der Trend ist ziemlich deutlich: Im ersten Jahr nach einem Teamwechsel bleiben die Neuzugänge unauffällig, egal wie gut oder schlecht sie zum Gruppenschnitt passen. Aber danach steigt die Kurve an, und zwar teilweise ganz schön steil. Nach ein paar Jahren fehlen Frauen in reinen Männerteams und Ältere in sehr jungen Teams fast doppelt so viel wie Frauen und ältere Personen in ihnen ähnlichen Teams. Das sind dann durchschnittlich acht statt vier Tage im Jahr." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Bauer, Gudrun, Ricardo Rodrigues & Kai Leichsenring (2019): Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege in Österreich - die Perspektive der Beschäftigten. (European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research. Policy brief 2018,08), Wien, 11 S.

Abstract

"Um den zukünftigen Bedarf an formellen Pflege- und Betreuungsdiensten zu decken, wird eine wesentliche Steigerung der Zahl qualifizierter Pflege- und Betreuungspersonen notwendig sein. Dabei wird für Österreich, wie auch für andere europäische Länder, bereits jetzt ein zukünftiger Arbeitskräftemangel in der Langzeitpflege prognostiziert (siehe z.B. Fink et al., 2015; für Deutschland: Rothgang et al., 2017). Ausschlaggebend für die Berufswahl sowie für den Verbleib in der Pflege- und Betreuung sind die jeweiligen Arbeitsbedingungen der Beschäftigten, denn schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen gehen allgemein mit Absentismus sowie Problemen bei der Rekrutierung, hoher Fluktuation und der Abwanderung in andere Berufe einher (Colombo et al., 2011).
Im Rahmen der NORDCARE-Befragung in Österreich wurden daher die Arbeitsbedingungen in den Mobilen Sozial- und Gesundheitsdiensten sowie in Alten- und Pflegeheimen in drei Bundesländern in Österreich (Wien, Oberösterreich, Salzburg) aus Sicht der Beschäftigten untersucht (siehe Bauer et al., 2018). Im Anschluss an den ersten Policy-Brief zu dieser Studie, der einen Einblick in die Charakteristika der Beschäftigten in der Langzeitpflege und deren Arbeitsbereich gibt, widmet sich dieser Policy-Brief der Beurteilung konkreter Arbeitsbedingungen durch die Beschäftigten und beleuchtet jene Faktoren, welche die Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege wesentlich und in besonderem Ausmaß beeinflussen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Belloni, Michele, Raluca Elena Buia, Matija Kovacic & Elena Meschi (2019): Working conditions and health of older workers. In: A. Börsch-Supan, J. Bristle, K. Andersen-Ranberg, A. Brugiavini, F. Jusot, H. Litwin & G. Weber (Hrsg.) (2019): Health and socio-economic status over the life course : First results from SHARE Waves 6 and 7, S. 157-163. DOI:10.1515/9783110617245-016

Abstract

"In this chapter, we studied the relationship between working conditions and three health outcomes in a large sample of older workers in Europe. Our results suggest that job quality is an important predictor of individual health and show that some job features are more important than others. For example, physical environment and work intensity are particularly relevant predictors of general health, whereas low job security and uncertain career prospects are significantly associated with affective or emotional disorders.
Our findings have some potentially important policy implications. First, older workers appear sensitive to some specific job features. Therefore, effort needs to be made to monitor and improve these features, and the tasks and duties of the individual worker can be redesigned to reduce physical health risks. Second, policymakers should consider that staying longer in the workforce might have adverse effects on workers' health, especially in occupations characterised by poor job quality. Therefore, any increase in the legal retirement age should be accompanied by policies that benefit the most vulnerable workers and jobs. We should acknowledge that our empirical strategy does not allow us to determine a causal effect among the variables at this stage. It might be the case that a selection process occurs in which people's health status channels them into certain types of jobs. Therefore, future research should be undertaken to uncover the mechanisms that lie behind the work/health nexus." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Devillanova, Carlo, Michele Raitano & Emanuela Struffolino (2019): Longitudinal employment trajectories and health in middle life. Insights from linked administrative and survey data. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 40, S. 1375-1412. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2019.40.47

Abstract

"The paper adopts a long-term perspective in analysing the association between health and employment histories, often characterized by substantial mobility over time across multiple statuses and contractual arrangements. The available evidence is largely based on static or short-run dynamic approaches and only compares across few employment statuses." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))

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Duffy, Ryan D., Haram J. Kim, Nicholas P. Gensmer, Trisha L. Raque-Bogdan, Richard P. Douglass, Jessica W. England & Aysenur Buyukgoze-Kavas (2019): Linking decent work with physical and mental health. A psychology of working perspective. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 112, H. June, S. 384-395. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2019.05.002

Abstract

"Drawing from a psychology of working perspective, the current study examined links between decent work and health among a sample (N?=?497) of employed adults with an annual household income under $50,000. A theory driven mediation model was tested positioning decent work as a predictor of mental and physical health via need satisfaction at work. Decent work strongly predicted survival, social contribution, and self-determination need satisfaction. Regarding mental health, hypotheses were mainly supported as all three need satisfactions mediated the link of decent work to mental health. Regarding physical health, hypotheses were partially supported as only survival needs partially mediated this relation. Overall, findings suggest that securing decent work may promote increased mental health primarily because work is meeting individual needs and may promote physical health - in part - by helping meet survival needs. Implications for practice and future research are discussed." (Author's abstract, © 2019 Elsevier) ((en))

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Frech, Adrianne & Sarah Damaske (2019): Men's income trajectories and physical and mental health at midlife. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 124, H. 5, S. 1372-1412. DOI:10.1086/702775

Abstract

"Using time-varying, prospectively measured income in a nationally representative sample of baby-boomer men (the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979), the authors identify eight group-based trajectories of income between ages 25 and 49 and use multinomial treatment models to describe the associations between group-based income trajectories and mental and physical health at midlife. The authors find remarkable rigidity in income trajectories: less than 25% of the sample experiences significant upward or downward mobility between ages 25 and 49, and most who move remain or move into poverty. Men's physical and mental health at age 50 is strongly associated with their income trajectories, and some upwardly mobile men achieve the same physical and mental health as the highest earning men after adjusting for selection. The worse physical and mental health of men on other income trajectories is largely attributable to their early life disadvantages, health behaviors, and cumulative work experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gonon, Anna (2019): Frühes Eingreifen bei psychischer Arbeitsunfähigkeit als ambivalente Strategie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 72, H. 5, S. 335-342. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2019-5-335

Abstract

"Angesichts steigender Zahlen psychisch bedingter Arbeitsunfähigkeit lautet die sozialpolitische Empfehlung, auf Frühintervention am Arbeitsplatz zu setzen. Ein möglichst frühes Eingreifen soll verhindern, dass psychische Gesundheitsprobleme ernster werden und zum Verlust der Arbeitsstelle führen. Inhaltlich ist das Prinzip des frühen Eingreifens jedoch unbestimmt. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand einer qualitativen Studie in zwei Versicherungs- und einem Industrieunternehmen in der Schweiz, wie betriebliche Akteure das Prinzip des frühen Eingreifens in der Wiedereingliederung psychisch erkrankter Beschäftigter umsetzen und welche Rolle es in ihren Strategien spielt. Die analysierten Praktiken der Frühintervention zielen darauf ab, die Akzeptanz für das eingeschränkte Arbeitsvermögen der Betroffenen zu fördern. Die Akteure blenden betriebliche Faktoren, die zu psychischen Belastungen beitragen, jedoch tendenziell aus. Frühe Interventionen unterstützen die Beschäftigten dabei, sich den Leistungsanforderungen optimal anzupassen, werden aber nicht darauf ausgerichtet, gesundheitliche Risiken am Arbeitsplatz frühzeitig zu beseitigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hardie, Jessica Halliday, Jonathan Daw & S. Michael Gaddis (2019): Job characteristics, job preferences, and physical and mental health in later life. In: Socius, Jg. 5, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1177/2378023119836003

Abstract

"Existing research linking socioeconomic status with work focuses primarily on the precursors (educational attainment) and outcomes (income) of work, rather than asking how diverse facets of work influence health. Using four waves of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the authors evaluate whether multiple measures of respondent job characteristics, respondent preferences for those characteristics, and their interaction substantially improve the fit of sociological models of men's and women's physical and mental health at midlife and old age compared with traditional models using educational attainment, parental socioeconomic status, and income. The authors find that nonwage job characteristics predict men's and women's physical and mental health over the life course, although there is little evidence that the degree to which one's job accords with one's job preferences matters for health. These findings expand what is known about how work matters for health, demonstrating how the manner and condition under which one works has lasting impacts on well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jiang, Lixin & Tahira M. Probst (2019): The moderating effect of trust in management on consequences of job insecurity. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 409-433. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652945

Abstract

"Using data from 1071 staff and administrative professionals at a large university experiencing repeated rounds of budget cuts, this article examines the attenuating effect of trust in management on the negative consequences of job insecurity. Results show that job insecurity was associated with increased burnout and psychological distress as well as decreased work and supervisor satisfaction and affective commitment. However, trust in management was negatively related to burnout and psychological distress but positively related to work and supervisor satisfaction and affective commitment. More importantly, trust in management was found to consistently buffer the relationships between job insecurity and these job-related outcomes. Implications for successfully managing job insecurity during times of organizational or economic upheaval are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lee, Soomi, Jacqueline A. Mogle, Chandra L. Jackson & Orfeu M. Buxton (2019): What's not fair about work keeps me up: Perceived unfairness about work impairs sleep through negative work-to-family spillover. In: Social science research, Jg. 81, H. July, S. 23-31. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.03.002

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Persson, Petra & Maya Rossin-Slater (2019): When dad can stay home: Fathers' workplace flexibility and maternal health. (NBER working paper 25902), Cambrige, Mass., 63 S. DOI:10.3386/w25902

Abstract

"While workplace flexibility is perceived to be a key determinant of maternal labor supply, less is known about fathers' demand for flexibility or about intra-household spillover effects of flexibility initiatives. This paper examines these issues in the context of a critical period in family life - the months immediately following childbirth - and identifies the impacts of paternal access to workplace flexibility on maternal postpartum health. We model household demand for paternal presence at home as a function of domestic stochastic shocks, and use variation from a Swedish reform that granted new fathers more flexibility to take intermittent parental leave during the postpartum period in a regression discontinuity difference-in-differences (RD-DD) design. We find that increasing the father's temporal flexibility reduces the risk of the mother experiencing physical postpartum health complications and improves her mental health. Our results suggest that mothers bear the burden from a lack of workplace flexibility - not only directly through greater career costs of family formation, as previously documented - but also indirectly, as fathers' inability to respond to domestic shocks exacerbates the maternal health costs of childbearing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Polacsek-Ernst, Roland & Anton Riedel (2019): Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und nachhaltige Beschäftigungsfähigkeit im Zusammenhang mit Arbeitsintensivierung. In: M. Griesbacher, J. Hödl, J. Muckenhuber & K. Scaria-Braunstein (Hrsg.) (2019): Intensivierung der Arbeit. Perspektiven auf Arbeitszeit und technologischen Wandel, S. 19-30.

Abstract

"Die Arbeitsintensivierung war ein Grund, die Evaluierung psychischer Belastungen für alle Österreichischen Unternehmen verpflichtend im Arbeitnehmerschutzgesetz zu verankern. Die Studie befasst sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Belastungen und abhängigen Variablen zur Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und nachhaltigen Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von 16.626 MitarbeiterInnen aus 97 Unternehmen in Österreich bei denen die Evaluierung psychischer Belastungen durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die große Bedeutung von Überlastung, einem Messparameter für Intensivierung, für die abhängigen Variablen. In drei Pfadanalysen ist sie sogar an erster Stelle in der Gruppenbildung. Darüber hinaus werden auch weitere positive und negative Pfade und ihre Bedeutung für die Beschäftigten aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat auf ResearchGate, IAB-Doku)

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Woods, Megan, Rob Macklin, Sarah Dawkins & Angela Martin (2019): Mental illness, social suffering and structural antagonism in the labour process. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 33, H. 6, S. 948-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017019866650

Abstract

"Workplace conditions and experiences powerfully influence mental health and individuals experiencing mental illness, including the extent to which people experiencing mental ill-health are 'disabled' by their work environments. This article explains how examination of the social suffering experienced in workplaces by people with mental illness could enhance understanding of the inter-relationships between mental health and workplace conditions, including experiences and characteristics of the overarching labour process. It examines how workplace perceptions and narratives around mental illness act as discursive resources to influence the social realities of people with mental ill-health. It applies Labour Process Theory to highlight how such discursive resources could be used by workers and employers to influence the power, agency and control in workplace environments and the labour process, and the implications such attempts might have for social suffering. It concludes with an agenda for future research exploring these issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Alcover, Carlos-María & Gabriela Topa (2018): Work characteristics, motivational orientations, psychological work ability and job mobility intentions of older workers. In: PLoS one, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0195973

Abstract

"Drawing on job design theories and a conceptual framework of work-related goals and motivation in later adulthood, the aim of this paper is to explore how work-related and individual factors are separately and jointly related to psychological work ability and bridge employment intentions via late job mobility. The cross-sectional study is based on a sample of 171 older Spanish workers aged 45 - 65 and beyond. We differentiated between groups of older workers in mid career (45 - 55 years of age) and in their later careers (56 years and beyond). Our results confirm that task characteristics and, secondarily, knowledge characteristics are the most relevant factors in perceptions of psychological work ability among aged workers. Both age groups display a very marked personal mastery trait, which mediates the relationships between job characteristics and both psychological work ability and late job mobility intentions. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications and suggestions for future research on the issues implied in the psychological adjustment of older workers in their mid and late careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Basar, Dilek & Mehmet A. Soytas (2018): Can heterogeneity in reporting behavior explain the gender gap in self-assessed health status? (Economics. Discussion papers 2018-25), Kiel, 19 S.

Abstract

"This paper explains the gender differences in self-assessed health status by providing a theoretical identification mechanism through a dynamic structural model which allows for heterogeneity in discount factors of individuals. Theoretical predictions are empirically tested and estimation results support the structural model implications. The authors conclude that accounting for heterogeneity in individual discount factors explains a significant portion of the gender gap in self-assessed health status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chapela, Jorge González (2018): Physical work intensity and the split workday. Theory and evidence from Spain. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 329-353. DOI:10.1007/s12122-018-9269-8

Abstract

"This study uses a job-design model and the 2002-2003 Spanish Time Use Survey to explore the existence of a previously overlooked relationship between physical work intensity and the split workday. The theoretical model developed predicts that the incidence of working split shifts may increase with physical work intensity if and only if the degree of recovery allowed by the mid-workday break is directly proportional to the physical load of the work done. Occupation-specific estimates of energy expenditure are constructed for Spain which permit investigating empirically the relationship between physical work intensity and the split workday." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Eskildsen, Jacob Kjær, Anders Frederiksen & Ann-Kristina Løkke (2018): Employee absence: An organizational perspective. (IZA discussion paper 11889), Bonn, 24 S.

Abstract

"We study employee absence in Danish organizations. In contrast to Steers and Rhodes (1978), who stress the importance of individual and organizational characteristics in shaping employees' motivation to attend work, we show that absence is predominantly an individualized phenomenon. Because the within-group variation in absence clearly dominates the between-group variation in absence, we argue that companies need to invoke individualized policies to reduce employee absence and demonstrate that HR Analytics is a useful tool in the process; policies targeting particular employee groups such as women or senior workers are inefficient. An additional intriguing finding is that incentives (through promotions and dismissals) are linked to individual absence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gimenez-Nadal, Jose I., Jose Alberto Molina & Jorge Velilla (2018): Commuting time and sick-day absence of US workers. (IZA discussion paper 11700), Bonn, 23 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyzes the relationship between commuting time and sick-day absence of US workers. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that a 1% increase in the daily commute of male workers is associated with an increase of around 0.018% in sick-day absences per year. In the case of women, the relationship is not significant. These results hold after controlling for individual fixed effects and socio-demographic characteristics, changes in jobs and places of residence, and differences in the self-reported health status of workers. By determining how commuting time is related to sickness absenteeism, we shed light on the relationship between commuting behavior and workers' health-related outcomes, measured by their labour supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grinza, Elena & François Rycx (2018): The impact of sickness absenteeism on productivity. New evidence from Belgian matched panel data. (IZA discussion paper 11543), Bonn, 26 S.

Abstract

"We investigate the impact of sickness absenteeism on productivity by using rich longitudinal matched employer-employee data on Belgian private firms. We deal with endogeneity, which arises from unobserved firm heterogeneity and reverse causality, by applying a modified version of the Ackerberg et al's (2015) control function method, which explicitly removes firm fixed effects. Our main finding is that, in general, sickness absenteeism substantially dampens firm productivity. An increase of 1 percentage point in the rate of sickness absenteeism entails a productivity loss of 0.24%. Yet, we find that the impact is much diversified depending on the categories of workers who are absent and across different types of firms. Our results show that sickness absenteeism is detrimental mainly when absent workers are high-tenure or blue-collar workers. Moreover, they show that sickness absenteeism is harmful mostly to industrial firms, high capital-intensive companies, and small- and medium-sized enterprises. This overall picture is coherent with the idea that sickness absenteeism is problematic when absent workers embed high levels of firm/taskspecific (tacit) knowledge, when the work of absent employees is highly interconnected with the work of other employees (e.g., along the assembly line), and when firms face more limitations in substituting temporarily absent workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Haider, Reinhard (2018): Entwicklung und Verteilung von Fehlzeiten im Bundesland Oberösterreich. In: WISO, Jg. 41, H. 3, S. 63-78.

Abstract

Der Beitrag setzt ein mit Hinweisen auf die Beschaffenheit der Daten und geht dann auf die zahlenmäßige Entwicklung der Krankenstände in Österreich und im Bundesland Oberösterreich ein, den Krankenstandsfällen und -tagen im Zeitverlauf, den Krankenstandsursachen und der Verteilung der Krankenstände nach Krankheitsgruppen, der Inzidenz von Krankenständen und Präsentismusverhalten (also der zunehmenden Bereitschaft, auch krank zur Arbeit zu gehen), der Entwicklung von psychischen Erkrankungen. Im Resümee wird festgehalten, dass der langfristige Vergleich der Krankenstandsdaten einen deutlich rückläufigen Trend aufweist, wenngleich sich die Ursachen für Krankenstände im Zeitverlauf, wie das Ansteigen von psychischen Erkrankungen, verändert haben. Das Inszenieren von Krankenstandsmissbrauchsdebatten, die Kriminalisierung kranker Arbeitnehmerinnen sei daher unangebracht und nicht zielführend. Eine objektivere, faktenorientierte Auseinandersetzung auf Basis der jährlich publizierten Krankenstandsdaten im Fehlzeitenreport des Wirtschaftsforschungsinstituts und letztlich eine weniger emotionale Debatte wäre in diesem Zusammenhang wünschenswert. (IAB)

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Hudomiet, Péter, Michael D. Hurd, Susann Rohwedder & Robert J. Willis (2018): The effect of physical and cognitive decline at older ages on job mismatch and retirement. (NBER working paper 25229), Cambrige, Mass., 75 S. DOI:10.3386/w25229

Abstract

"Physical and cognitive abilities of older workers decline with age, which can cause a mismatch between abilities and job demands, potentially leading to early retirement. We link longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data to O*NET occupational characteristics to estimate to what extent changes in workers' physical and cognitive resources change their work-limiting health problems, mental health, subjective probabilities of retirement, and labor market status. While we find that physical and cognitive decline strongly predict all outcomes, only the interaction between large-muscle resources and job demands is statistically significant, implying a strong mismatch at older ages in jobs requiring large-muscle strength. The effects of declines in fine motor skills and cognition are not statistically different across differing occupational job demands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kaplan, Greg & Sam Schulhofer-Wohl (2018): The changing (dis-)utility of work. In: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 239-258. DOI:10.1257/jep.32.3.239

Abstract

"We study how changes in the distribution of occupations have affected the aggregate non-pecuniary costs and benefits of working. The physical toll of work is less now than in 1950, with workers shifting away from occupations in which people report experiencing tiredness and pain. The emotional consequences of the changing occupation distribution vary substantially across demographic groups. Work has become happier and more meaningful for women, but more stressful and less meaningful for men. These changes appear to be concentrated at lower education levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kawohl, Wolfram & Wulf Rössler (Hrsg.) (2018): Arbeit und Psyche. Grundlagen, Therapie, Rehabilitation, Prävention - ein Handbuch. (Konzepte, Methoden und Praxis der Klinischen Psychiatrie), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 336 S.

Abstract

"Die Auswirkungen von Arbeit auf die Psyche der Beschäftigten sind ein Thema, das aktuell in der medialen Öffentlichkeit wie in der Fachwelt intensiv und kontrovers diskutiert wird. Das Werk reflektiert den aktuellen Stand von Forschung und Praxis und wird - in Abgrenzung zu erschienenen populärwissenschaftlichen Publikationen - dabei auch akademisch-wissenschaftlichen Ansprüchen gerecht. Neben den relevanten medizinisch-psychiatrischen Themen werden Grundlagenaspekte wie soziokulturelle, ökonomische und psychologische Bezüge abgebildet. Die jeweiligen Themen werden ausführlich vertieft inkl. epidemiologischer, ätiologischer, pathophysiologischer, therapeutischer und rehabilitativer sowie salutogenetischer Aspekte." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Kjellsson, Sara (2018): Class-specific gender gaps in health. The role of gender and working conditions within classes. (Swedish Institute for Social Research. Working paper 2018,02), Stockholm, 26 S.

Abstract

"Social scientific health research typically finds higher levels of ill health among women and among the working class, and working conditions is an important mechanism in the literature on class health inequality. Whether gender health differences are similar across classes or whether they are class-specific is less studied. The aim of this study is to explore class-specific gender gaps in self-rated health (SRH), musculoskeletal pain and psychiatric distress, and whether they can be ascribed to working conditions. The study consists of 2597 employed men and women, aged 18-65, with information on class, working conditions and health from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) in 2010. Linear Probability Models (LPM) are estimated and when including interaction terms between gender and class some class-specific gender gaps are observed. The between-class aspect of these cannot be ascribed to working conditions, but they contribute to the understanding of within-class differences. For SRH the gap is 10 percentage points larger among unskilled workers than higher nonmanual employees. This can partly be ascribed to these women experiencing large psychosocial demands; while at the same time being more vulnerable than male unskilled workers to physically strenuous conditions. In skilled working class women are found to be particularly exposed to psychosocially demanding conditions, which accounts for the gender gap in musculoskeletal pain within this class. This study shows that gender differences in health differs between classes, and that taking class-specific horizontal gender segregation into account is needed in order to understand gender health differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kuka, Elira (2018): Quantifying the benefits of social insurance. Unemployment insurance and health. (IZA discussion paper 11629), Bonn, 55 S.

Abstract

"While the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program is one of the largest safety net program in the U.S., research on its benefits is limited. This paper exploits plausibly exogenous changes in state UI laws to empirically estimate whether UI generosity mitigates any of the previously documented negative health effects of job loss. The results show higher UI generosity increases health insurance coverage and utilization, and leads to improved self-reported health. Moreover, these effects are stronger during periods of high unemployment rates. Finally, I find no effects on risky behaviors nor on health conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lee, Hwa-Young, Naoki Kondo & Juhwan Oh (2018): Medical expenditure and unmet need of the pre-elderly and the elderly according to job status in Korea. Are the elderly indeed most vulnerable? In: PLoS one, Jg. 13, H. 3, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0193676

Abstract

"Increase in the elderly population and early retirement imposes immense economic burden on societies. Previous studies on the association between medical expenditure and working status in the elderly population have not adequately addressed reverse causality problem. In addition, the pre-elderly group has hardly been discussed in this regard. This study assessed possible causal association between employment status and medical expenditure as well as employment status and medical unmet needs in a representative sample of the Korean elderly (aged?65) and the pre-elderly (aged ?50 and < 65) adults from the Korea Health Panel Data (KHP). Dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation was employed for the analysis of medical expenditure to address reverse causality, and fixed effect panel logistic regression was used for the analysis of unmet need. The results showed no significant association between job status and medical expenditure in the elderly, but a negative and significant influence on the level of medical expenditure in the pre-elderly. Unemployment was a significant determinant of lowering unmet need from lack of time while it was not associated with unmet need from financial burden in the fixed-effect panel model for both the elderly and pre-elderly groups. The pre-elderly adults were more likely to reduce necessary health service utilization due to unemployment compared to the elderly group because there is no proper financial safety net for the pre-elderly, which may cause non-adherence to treatment and therefore lead to negative health effects. The policy dialogue on safety net currently centers only on the elderly, but should be extended to the pre-elderly population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Maas, Esther T., Mieke Koehoorn & Christopher B. McLeod (2018): Return-to-work for multiple jobholders with a work-related musculoskeletal disorder. A population-based, matched cohort in British Columbia. In: PLoS one, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0193618

Abstract

"Introduction: Multiple jobholders (MJHs) have a higher risk of injury compared to single jobholders (SJHs), but it is unknown if return-to-work (RTW) after a work injury is affected by multiple jobholding. This study examined the association between multiple versus single jobholding and time to RTW for workers with a work-related musculoskeletal disorder (MSD).
Methods: We used administrative workers' compensation data to identify injured workers with an accepted MSD lost-time claim between 2010-2014 in British Columbia, Canada. The outcome was days until RTW during twelve months after the first day of time-loss. The MJH and SJH cohorts were balanced using coarsened exact matching that yielded a final matched cohort of 8,389 MJHs and 8,389 SJHs. The outcome was estimated with Cox regression, using piecewise models, and the hazard ratios were stratified by type of MSD, a serious injury indicator, gender, weekly workdays preceding MSD, and wage categories.
Results: MJHs were less likely to RTW compared to SJHs within the first six months after the first time-loss day, with greater and longer lasting effects for males, workers with a serious injury, and a higher wage. No difference between MJHs and SJHs was found for workers who had a six- or seven-day work week preceding MSD, for workers with dislocations, and for workers who were still off work after six months.
Conclusions: Overall, MJHs with a workweek of maximum five days are disadvantaged compared to SJHs in terms of RTW following a work-related MSD within the first six months after the first time-loss day. This difference might be caused by more precarious job contracts for MJHs that challenges RTW because of lack of support for modified work, higher workload, and reduced likelihood that MJHs file a workers' compensation claim. Despite adjusting for type of MSD, severity of injury and occupation, the differences persisted for the vast majority of the study sample." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mainar, Inmaculada García, Colin P. Green & María Navarro Paniagua (2018): The effect of permanent employment on absenteeism. Evidence from labor reform in Spain. In: ILR review, Jg. 71, H. 2, S. 525-549. DOI:10.1177/0019793917717226

Abstract

"Restrictive employment protection legislation has been highlighted as a key reason for lower labor productivity in Europe compared to the United States. Evidence in the literature has shown robust effects of employment protection on effort, though the effects appear too small to generate marked cross-country differences in labor productivity. The authors revisit this issue using representative data of private-sector workers in Spain. A range of legislative changes aimed at reducing the incidence of temporary employment are used to estimate the effect of permanent employment on one aspect of effort, absenteeism. Results suggest that being employed on a permanent contract increases the probability of being absent from work due to sickness by approximately 5.3 percentage points and the time absent by approximately 0.30 of a day per week. These results suggest that cross-country differences in employment protection have the potential to have a substantial impact on labor productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Montt, Guillermo (2018): Too polluted to work? The gendered correlates of air pollution on hours worked. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 7, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40172-018-0067-6

Abstract

"Air pollution affects workers' ability to work by damaging their own health, but also by damaging the health of their dependents. This paper draws on 20 years of air pollution and employment data from Santiago, Chile, a highly polluted metropolis, particularly in fall and winter months. The paper finds that though air pollution is not associated to a reduction in overall hours worked, it does so for women and particularly for women with children. Weeks with pollution at 100 Ág/m3, common for Santiago, see double the gender difference in working hours. It is hypothesised that children, unable to go to school, must stay home and cared for. These findings suggest that air pollution may contribute to gender inequality through the gendered-biased distribution of care responsibilities. Pollution brings to evidence gender inequalities in care and, given the gendered nature of care and the geographic distribution of pollution, may contribute to enhance gender and geographic labour market inequalities. Environmental policy may serve to enhance gender equality as well." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Owczarek, Dominik & Agata Chelstowska (2018): Amazon in Polen. Arbeitsbedingungen und Arbeitsbeziehungen. Warschau, 111 S.

Abstract

"Die Publikation 'Amazon in Polen' thematisiert die Arbeitsbedingungen und -beziehungen zwischen der Firma Amazon und der Belegschaft. Die Autoren erläutern dazu das Geschäftsmodell der Firma Amazon zum einen im globalen Kontext und zum anderen speziell in Polen. Diesbezüglich untersuchen sie die Zusammenarbeit mit öffentlichen Behörden, den Einfluss der Firma auf lokale Arbeitsmärkte und die Arbeitsbedingungen sowie die Organisation in den Logistikzentren. Des Weiteren analysieren sie die Beziehung und den sozialen Dialog zwischen Amazon und der Belegschaft." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Payne, Julianne (2018): Manufacturing masculinity. Exploring gender and workplace surveillance. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 346-383. DOI:10.1177/0730888418780969

Abstract

"Research on workplace surveillance highlights managerial initiatives to expand monitoring and make it less obtrusive, but we know relatively little about how to explain workers' diverse responses to monitoring. Using ethnographic data collected at an electronics retailer, I suggest that gender-related status seeking between workers helps to account for variation in workers' experience of and responses to workplace surveillance. Men used surveillance to demonstrate their skill and expertise relative to other men, a process I refer to as 'manufacturing masculinity.' Although women also aspired to be strong and knowledgeable salespeople, they were treated as illegitimate competitors in men's status contests. The company's masculine culture primed workers to interpret surveillance through this gendered lens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Song, Younghwan & Jia Gao (2018): Does telework stress employees out? A study on working at home and subjective well-being for wage/salary workers. (IZA discussion paper 11993), Bonn, 28 S.

Abstract

"Using data from the 2010, 2012, and 2013 American Time Use Survey Well-Being Modules, this paper examines how subjective well-being (SWB) varies between working at home and working in the workplace among wage/salary workers. Both OLS and individual fixed-effects models are employed for estimation, and the results are largely consistent. In general, we find that working at home is associated with a lower level of net affect and a higher probability of having unpleasant feelings relative to working in the workplace. We further decompose homeworking into telework and bringing work home and find that the effect of SWB varies by types of homeworking. In comparison with working in the workplace, telework increases stress in both samples of weekdays and weekends/holidays, and it also reduces net affect and increases unpleasantness in the sample of weekends/ holidays. In contrast, bringing work home on weekdays results in a lower level of net affect due to less happiness received. The only positive effect of homeworking we discover is that telework reduces tiredness on weekdays. As to the existence of gender difference in the effect of homeworking, our OLS results show that working at home is associated with positive affections for males but negative affections for females. However, fixedeffects models suggest that both males and females feel more stressed when teleworking, indicating the existence of individual heterogeneity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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OECD (2018): Mental health and work: New Zealand. (Mental health and work), Paris, 166 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264307315-en

Abstract

"Tackling mental health problems of the working-age population is a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries, not just for health systems. Governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental health conditions in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market into it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on New Zealand is the tenth in a series of reports looking at how broader education, health, welfare and labour market policy challenges are being tackled in a number of countries. The report is also the first one published after the endorsement of the OECD Recommendation of the Council on 'Integrated Mental Health, Skills and Work Policy' and assesses New Zealand's performance against the strategic policy framework agreed by all OECD countries. The report concludes that awareness and policy thinking is well developed in New Zealand but that structural and institutional weaknesses limit the provision of timely, integrated health and employment services, with particularly disappointing outcomes for the indigenous population. Against the background of the OECD Council Recommendation, the report proposes improvements in policy development and policy implementation to make youth, workplace, health and welfare policies ready for the challenge." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Adjei, Nicholas Kofi, Tilman Brand & Hajo Zeeb (2017): Gender inequality in self-reported health among the elderly in contemporary welfare countries. A cross-country analysis of time use activities, socioeconomic positions and family characteristics. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 9, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0184676

Abstract

"Background: Paradoxically, despite their longer life expectancy, women report poorer health than men. Time devoted to differing social roles could be an explanation for the observed gender differences in health among the elderly. The objective of this study was to explain gender differences in self-reported health among the elderly by taking time use activities, socio-economic positions, family characteristics and cross-national differences into account.
Methods: Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 13,223 men and 18,192 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and the US were analyzed. Multiple binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between social factors and health for men and women separately. We further identified the relative contribution of different factors to total gender inequality in health using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method.
Results: Whereas time allocated to paid work, housework and active leisure activities were positively associated with health, time devoted to passive leisure and personal activities were negatively associated with health among both men and women, but the magnitude of the association varied by gender and country. We found significant gender differences in health in Germany, Italy and Spain, but not in the other countries. The decomposition showed that differences in the time allocated to active leisure and level of educational attainment accounted for the largest health gap.
Conclusions: Our study represents a first step in understanding cross-national differences in the association between health status and time devoted to role-related activities among elderly men and women. The results, therefore, demonstrate the need of using an integrated framework of social factors in analyzing and explaining the gender and cross-national differences in the health of the elderly population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ajslev, Jeppe Z. N., Jeppe L. Møller, Roger Persson & Lars L. Andersen (2017): Trading health for money. Agential struggles in the (re)configuration of subjectivity, the body and pain among construction workers. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 31, H. 6, S. 887-903. DOI:10.1177/0950017016668141

Abstract

"Construction work is physically demanding and often associated with bodily pain. This article presents a study of construction workers' practices of using and relating to their bodies at work through an agential realist framework for analysing the (re)configuration of the workers' embodied subjectivity. The analysis draws on interviews with 32 Danish construction workers as well as brief observations. The article shows how 'trading health for money' becomes a mode for maintaining positive social, occupational and masculine identity among construction workers. Furthermore, it shows how the agency of the body is overruled by the intra-acting agencies of productivity, collegiality, job security and masculine working-class identity. Finally, it shows an instability in this configuration of masculine working-class identity that leaves room for a focus on the body." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Berniell, Inés & Jan Bietenbeck (2017): The effect of working hours on health. (IZA discussion paper 10524), Bonn, 30 S.

Abstract

"Does working time causally affect workers' health? We study this question in the context of a French reform which reduced the standard workweek from 39 to 35 hours, at constant earnings. Our empirical analysis exploits variation in the adoption of this shorter workweek across employers, which is mainly driven by institutional features of the reform and thus exogenous to workers' health. Difference-in-differences and lagged dependent variable regressions reveal a negative effect of working hours on self-reported health and positive effects on smoking and body mass index, though the latter is imprecisely estimated. Results are robust to accounting for endogenous job mobility and differ by workers' occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Boschman, J. S., A. Noor, J. K. Sluiter & M. Hagberg (2017): The mediating role of recovery opportunities on future sickness absence from a gender- and age-sensitive perspective. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 7, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0179657

Abstract

"A lack of sufficient recovery during and after work may help to explain impaired health in the long run. We aimed to increase knowledge on the mediating role of recovery opportunities (RO) during and after work on future sickness absence from a gender- and age-sensitive perspective. We used data on RO from a Swedish national survey in 2011 and linked these to sickness absence (>14 days) two years later among the general working population (N = 7,649). Mediation of the relationship between gender and sickness absence by exposure to RO was studied through linear regression. We conducted separate analyses for RO during and after work and for three different age groups (16 - 29; 30 - 49; 50 - 64). The sample consisted of 3,563 men and 4,086 women. Sickness absence was higher among the women than among the men (11 days vs 5 days, p<0.001). Men reported statistically significantly more positive on their RO than women. RO during (ß 0.3 - 1.8) and after work (ß 0.4 - 0.6) mediated the relationship between gender and sickness absence. Mediation effects existed across age groups, with the strongest effects of RO during work found among the age group between 50 and 64 years of age (attenuation 36%). Our results indicate that gender inequality is also reflected in worse RO among women. This partially explains the increased risk of future sickness absence, particularly among those above 50 years of age. These findings show that RO during work deserve more attention in working life research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bubonya, Melisa, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Mark Wooden (2017): Mental health and productivity at work. Does what you do matter? In: Labour economics, Jg. 46, H. June, S. 150-165. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.05.001

Abstract

"Much of the economic cost of mental illness stems from workers' reduced productivity. Using nationally representative panel data we analyze the links between mental health and two alternative workplace productivity measures - absenteeism and presenteeism (i.e., lower productivity while attending work) - explicitly allowing these relationships to be moderated by the nature of the job itself. We find that absence rates are approximately five percent higher among workers who report being in poor mental health. Moreover, job conditions are related to both presenteeism and absenteeism even after accounting for workers' self-reported mental health status. Job conditions are relatively more important in understanding diminished productivity at work if workers are in good rather than poor mental health. The effects of job complexity and stress on absenteeism do not depend on workers' mental health, while job security and control moderate the effect of mental illness on absence days." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))

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Considine, Robyn, Ross Tynan, Carole James, John Wiggers, Terry Lewin, Kerry Inder, David Perkins, Tonelle Handley & Brian Kelly (2017): The contribution of individual, social and work characteristics to employee mental health in a coal mining industry population. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0168445

Abstract

"Background: Evidence regarding the extent of mental health problems and the associated characteristics within an employee population is necessary to inform appropriate and tailored workplace mental health programs. Mental health within male dominated industries (such as mining) has received recent public attention, chiefly through observations regarding suicide in such populations in Australia and internationally. Currently there is limited empirical evidence regarding the mental health needs in the mining industry as an exemplar of a male dominated workforce, and the relative contribution to such problems of individual, socio-economic and workplace factors. This study aimed to investigate the mental health and associated characteristics among employees in the Australian coal mining industry with a specific focus on identifying modifiable work characteristics.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among employees (n = 1457) across eight coal mines stratified by key mine characteristics (state, mine type and employee commute arrangements). Participants completed measures of psychological distress (K10+) and key variables across four categories (socio-demographic characteristics, health history, current health behaviours, work attitudes and characteristics).
Results: Psychological distress levels within this sample were significantly higher in comparison with a community sample of employed Australians. The following factors contributed significantly to levels of psychological distress using hierarchical linear regression analysis: lower social networks; a past history of depression, anxiety or drug/alcohol problems; high recent alcohol use; work role (managers) and a set of work characteristics (level of satisfaction with work, financial factors and job insecurity; perception of lower workplace support for people with mental health problems.
Conclusion: This is the first study to examine the characteristics associated with mental health problems in the Australian coal mining industry. The findings indicate the salience of mental health needs in this population, and the associated interplay of personal, social and work characteristics. The work characteristics associated with psychological distress are modifiable and can guide an industry response, as well as help inform the understanding of the role of workplace factors in mental health problems in a male dominated workforce more generally." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cotti, Chad D., M. Ryan Haley & Laurie A. Miller (2017): Assessing the impact of different workplace flexibilities on workplace stress in the presence of varying degrees of job control. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 198-201. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2016.1176108

Abstract

"We apply probit and propensity score matching to 1667 respondents from the 2008 National Survey of the Changing Workforce to quantify how workers' self-reported stress levels vary under two different workplace flexibilities and varying degrees of job control. The first workplace flexibility considered is the ability to easily take time off for personal and family matters; the second is the option of a compressed work week. Our findings suggest that the first flexibility correlates with lower stress reports regardless of job control level. The second flexibility, however, correlates with lower stress levels only for workers with low levels of job control. This suggests that a compressed work week does not reduce stress for workers that already have high levels of job control. The more general conclusion is that some flexibilities are substitutes for job control whereas other are not, assuming the larger goal is the reduction of workplace stress and the various maladies exacerbated by stress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cottini, Elena & Paolo Ghinetti (2017): Is it the way you live or the job you have? Health effects of lifestyles and working conditions. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2016-0222

Abstract

"This paper investigates the role of lifestyles (smoking, drinking and obesity) and working conditions (physical hazards, no support from colleagues, job worries and repetitive work) on health. Three alternative systems of simultaneous multivariate probit equations are estimated, one for each health measure: an indicator of self-assessed health, an indicator of physical health, and an indicator of work-related mental health problems, using Danish data for 2000 and 2005. We find that while lifestyles are significant determinants of self-assessed health, they play a minor role for our indicators of physical health and mental health. The effect of lifestyles seems to be dominated by the effect of adverse working conditions, which significantly worsen health. This result is robust for all health dimensions considered." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))

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Devaro, Jed & John S. Heywood (2017): Performance pay and work-related health problems. A longitudinal study of establishments. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 670-703. DOI:10.1177/0019793916669148

Abstract

"Using panel data from 2004 and 2011, the authors find an elevated incidence of work-related ailments (associated with bones, muscles, and joints) in U.K. establishments that use individual performance pay, even after accounting for establishment fixed effects. Fixed-effect estimates also confirm a positive relationship between absence due to illness and performance pay. The elevated rates of ailments associated with performance pay appear to reduce financial performance and product quality, even though performance pay has a positive net influence on financial performance. Thus, a hidden cost of performance pay is occupational health deterioration. Parallel results are absent for labor productivity and, in a smaller sample, for profit." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hopkins, Benjamin (2017): Occupational health and safety of temporary and agency workers. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 609-628. DOI:10.1177/0143831X15581424

Abstract

"Previous quantitative studies have established a link between precarious work and occupational health and safety (OHS). Using an ethnographically informed qualitative approach, this article investigates the workplace experiences of different types of precarious workers, in particular those who are directly-employed temporary workers and those who are engaged through an agency. Drawing on the work of Andrew Hopkins, the article finds cultural practices that lead to worsened OHS experiences for those who are engaged through an agency. These experiences include inadequate safety training, poor quality personal protective equipment and a lack of clarity of supervisory roles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hylkema, Tjerk H., Martin Stevens, Jan Van Beveren, Paul C. Rijk, Hans Peter van Jonbergen, Reinoud W. Brouwer, Sjoerd K. Bulstra & Sandra Brouwer (2017): Preoperative characteristics of working-age patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0183550

Abstract

"Objective: Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is performed more in working-age (<65 years) patients. Until now, research in this patient population has been conducted mainly among retired (=65 years) patients. Aim of this study was therefore to describe demographic, physical, psychological and social characteristics of working TKA patients and to subsequently compare these characteristics with retired TKA patients and the general population.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis. Preoperative data of 152 working TKA patients was used. These data were compared with existing data of retired TKA patients in hospital registers and with normative values from literature on the general population. Demographic, physical, psychological and social (including work) characteristics were analyzed.
Results: The majority (83.8%) of working TKA patients was overweight (42.6%) or obese (41.2%), a majority (72.4%) was dealing with two or more comorbidities, and most (90%) had few depressive symptoms. Mean physical activity level was 2950 minutes per week. Compared to the retired TKA population, working TKA patients perceived significantly more stiffness and better physical functioning and vitality, were more physically active, and perceived better mental health. Compared to the general population working TKA patients perceived worse physical functioning, worse physical health and better mental health, and worked fewer hours.
Conclusion: This study shows that a majority of working TKA patients are overweight/obese, have multiple comorbidities, but are highly active in light-intensity activities and have few depressive symptoms. Working patients scored overall better on preoperative characteristics than retired patients, and except for physical activity scored overall worse than the general population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jiménez, Paul, Bianca Winkler & Anita Dunkl (2017): Creating a healthy working environment with leadership. The concept of health-promoting leadership. In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 28, H. 17, S. 2430-2448. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2015.1137609

Abstract

"In this paper, a concept of health-promoting leadership is presented that focuses on the interaction between working environment and leadership behavior. Seven key aspects define health-promoting leadership: health awareness, low workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. The self-assessment version of the questionnaire was used in this study for the first time. Analyzing the data of 299 leaders, the results showed satisfactory reliability and validity coefficients for all dimensions. Structural equation modeling indicates that all dimensions can be assigned on a main factor of health-promoting leadership. The questionnaire offers two main advantages: first, it is possible to measure health-promoting behavior strategies of leaders and thus show their leadership potential. Second, the instrument allows analyzing critical aspects in the working environment and further helps establish basic conditions in the workplace, where a health-promoting workplace can be created." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kang, Mo-Yeol, Ho-Jang Kwon, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Chung-Won Kang & Hyunjoo Kim (2017): The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea. A cross-sectional study. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 11, S. 1-10. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0188019

Abstract

"Objective: To determine the relationship between shift work and mental health, particularly insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation, among electronics production workers.
Methods: A survey was conducted with 14,226 workers from an electronics manufacturer in South Korea. After excluding 112 individuals with incomplete responses, 14,114 respondents were analyzed. As part of a larger project, we collected data on respondents' general characteristics, work-related characteristics, and health status; however, in this study, we focused on the data related to shift work and mental health. Insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation were set as dependent variables and working schedule as set as the independent variable. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis with daytime workers as the reference group. The model was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, workplace, educational level, and marital status with or without children under 6 years of age.
Results: Relative to daytime workers, shift workers had 2.35, 1.23, and 1.17 greater odds of insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation, respectively. Within the shift worker group, we found that the odds of depression and suicidal ideation increased dramatically when respondents had insomnia. The ORs for depression and suicidal ideation were 4.899 and 7.934, respectively.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that shift work is related to an increased risk of mental health problems in production workers, and the sleep disturbance related with shift work is a central mechanism for this relationship. Since these results suggest that proactive management of sleep problems might attenuate their detrimental effects on shift worker's mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kang, Mo-Yeol & Yun-Chul Hong (2017): Crossover effect of spouse weekly working hours on estimated 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0182010

Abstract

"Objectives: To investigate the association between spouse weekly working hours (SWWH) and the estimated 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 - 2012. Data of 16,917 participants (8,330 husbands, 8,587 wives) were used for this analysis. The participants' clinical data were collected to estimate the 10-years risk of CVD, as well as weekly working hours. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between SWWH and the estimated 10-years risk of CVD. We also performed a stratified analysis according to each participant's and their spouse's employment status.
Results: Compared to those whose spouses worked 30 hours per week, estimated 10-years risk of CVD was significantly higher as SWWH increase among those whose spouses worked >30 hours per week. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio for high CVD risk was found to increase as SWWH increased, up to 2.52 among husbands and 2.43 among wives. We also found that the association between SWWH and the estimated 10-years risk of CVD varied according to the employment status. Analysis of each component included in the CVD appraisal model showed that SWWH had close relationship with diabetes in men, and smoking habits in women.
Conclusions: Spouse's long working hours are associated with individual's risk of CVD in future, especially among husbands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lefrançois, Mélanie, Karen Messing & Johanne Saint-Charles (2017): Time control, job execution and information access. Work/family strategies in the context of low-wage work and 24/7 schedules. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 20, H. 5, S. 600-622. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2017.1379950

Abstract

"Low-wage work and rigid atypical schedules reduce workers' leeway to manage their work/family interface, resulting in high levels of work/family conflict and in health issues. Faced with these inflexible conditions and a lack of formal work/family measures, workers rely primarily on informal practices where relational dynamics with coworkers and managers play an important role. However, low-wage workers with little schedule control are underrepresented in the work/family literature and little is known about how they deal with work/family issues in their workplaces. What role is played by workplace relationships in strategies used by workers to manage their work/family interface in the face of imposed, extended and variable schedules? Using an interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological framework combining communication and ergonomic work activity analysis, we analyzed data collected through direct and participant observations, semi-structured interviews, interaction diaries and administrative documents. This community-initiated ethnographic case study helped us identify three main types of work/family strategies related to (1) work time; (2) work execution and (3) access to relational resources. We also discuss how these strategies are embedded in the work activity and relational context, including gender dynamics, and are entangled with individual, team and organizational considerations. Some potential solutions are presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ma, Yao, Ying-Jun Wang, Bing-Rui Chen, Hao-Jie Shi, Hao Wang, Mohammad Reeaze Khurwolah, Ya-Fei Li, Zhi-Yong Xie, Yang Yang & Lian-Sheng Wang (2017): Study on association of working hours and occupational physical activity with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 10, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0185598

Abstract

"Objective: To explore the association of working hours and occupational physical activity (OPA) with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Chinese population.
Methods: A total of 595 participants (354 and 241 patients with and without CHD, respectively) aged between 24 and 65 were enrolled in our study, which was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between December 2015 and October 2016. Participant characteristics were collected from face-to-face questionnaires, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of working hours and OPA with the occurrence of CHD.
Results: Compared with non-employed people, long working hours (especially =55 hours/week) contributed to the occurrence of CHD (adjusted odds ratio[OR] = 2.213, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.125, 4.355, P = 0.021) after multivariate adjustment in the Chinese population. With the extension of worktime, the CHD risk increased (P for the dose-response trend = 0.022). Meanwhile, even after adjusting for engagement in physical activity during leisure time, sedentary behavior at work had an adverse effect on CHD risk (adjusted OR = 2.794, 95%CI: 1.526, 5.115, P = 0.001), and a linear relationship was also found between OPA and CHD (P for the trend = 0.005).
Conclusions: Long working hours and sedentary behavior at work are associated with a high risk of CHD. In addition, prolonged working hours in sedentary occupations increases the risk of CHD, independent of engagement in leisure time physical activity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Martin, Albert & Wenzel Matiaske (2017): Absenteeism as a reaction to harmful behavior in the workplace from a stress theory point of view. In: Management Revue, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 227-254. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2017-2-227

Abstract

"The paper gives an overview as to the extent of socially harmful behavior in the workplace. Data comes from European Survey on Working Conditions. We draw upon the information from the surveys which were carried out in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in the EU-15. Unfortunately, the findings show that the number of employees who suffer socially harmful behavior in their work environment is not low. Following the assumption that stressful working conditions increase the probability of harmful behavior it is shown that the reaction to harmful behavior depends on what resources are available to the person affected. Social support and satisfying working conditions prove to be effective buffers against hostile behavior. Nevertheless, behavioral buffers can only play a supporting role in detecting and removing the causes of hostile behavior. The paper adds new insights into the topic and in addition to an overview, we identify empirically significant determinants and conduct a stress theoretic analysis of different ways of reacting to socially aversive behavior." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Potkin, Steven G., Jean-Yves Loze, Carlos Forray, Ross A. Baker, Christophe Sapin, Timothy Peters-Strickland, Maud Beillat, Anna-Greta Nylander, Peter Hertel, Simon Nitschky Schmidt, Anders Ettrup, Anna Eramo, Karina Hansen & Dieter Naber (2017): Relationship between response to aripiprazole once-monthly and paliperidone palmitate on work readiness and functioning in schizophrenia. A post-hoc analysis of the QUALIFY study. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0183475

Abstract

"Schizophrenia is a chronic disease with negative impact on patients' employment status and quality of life. This post-hoc analysis uses data from the QUALIFY study to elucidate the relationship between work readiness and health-related quality of life and functioning. QUALIFY was a 28-week, randomized study (NCT01795547) comparing the treatment effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg and paliperidone palmitate once-monthly using the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality-of-Life Scale as the primary endpoint. Also, patients' capacity to work and work readiness (Yes/No) was assessed with the Work Readiness Questionnaire. We categorized patients, irrespective of treatment, by work readiness at baseline and week 28: No to Yes (n = 41), Yes to Yes (n = 49), or No at week 28 (n = 118). Quality-of-Life Scale total, domains, and item scores were assessed with a mixed model of repeated measures. Patients who shifted from No to Yes in work readiness showed robust improvements on Quality-of-Life Scale total scores, significantly greater than patients not ready to work at week 28 (least squares mean difference: 11.6±2.6, p<0.0001). Scores on Quality-of-Life Scale instrumental role domain and items therein - occupational role, work functioning, work levels, work satisfaction - significantly improved in patients shifting from No to Yes in work readiness (vs patients No at Week 28). Quality-of-Life Scale total scores also significantly predicted work readiness at week 28. Overall, these results highlight a strong association between improvements in health-related quality of life and work readiness, and suggest that increasing patients' capacity to work is an achievable and meaningful goal in the treatment of impaired functioning in schizophrenia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Powroznik, Karen M. (2017): Healthism and weight-based discrimination. The unintended consequences of health promotion in the workplace. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 139-170. DOI:10.1177/0730888416682576

Abstract

"Health promotion programs have become increasingly common in U.S. workplaces, yet little research has examined the unintended and potentially negative consequences of these initiatives. Overweight and obese employees face widespread prejudice and pervasive discrimination in employment settings, and this study investigates whether workplace health promotion may lead to more negative outcomes for these workers. Using an experimental design, the author finds that overweight and obese employees are rated more negatively and receive lower hiring recommendations when evaluated for companies with health promotion programs. These findings suggest that health promotion increases the salience and perceived legitimacy of negative fat stereotypes that facilitate weight-based discrimination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pui, Mandy, Anne-Marie Nicol, Michael Brauer, Farshad Palad & Christopher Carlsten (2017): A qualitative study of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of people exposed to diesel exhaust at the workplace in British Columbia, Canada. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 8, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0182890

Abstract

"Purpose: To identify exposure-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of individuals occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust (DE); to reveal strengths, knowledge gaps and misperceptions therein.
Methods: A Mental Models approach was used to gather information about current scientific understanding of DE exposure hazards and the ways in which exposure can be reduced. Thirty individuals in British Columbia who were regularly exposed to occupational DE were interviewed. The audio was recorded and transcribed. Data was grouped together and examined to draw out themes around DE awareness, hazard assessment and risk reduction behaviors. These themes were then compared and contrasted with existing grey and research literature in order to reveal strengths, gaps and misperceptions regarding DE exposure.
Results: Study participants were aware and concerned about their exposure to DE but had incomplete and sometimes incorrect understanding of exposure pathways, health effects, and effective strategies to reduce their exposures. The perceived likelihood of exposure to DE was significantly greater compared to that of other work hazards (p<0.01), whereas the difference for their perceived severity of consequences was not significant. There was no universally perceived main source of information regarding DE, and participants generally distrusted sources of information based on their past experience with the source. Most of the actions that were taken to address DE exposure fell into the area of administrative controls such as being aware of sources of DE and avoiding these sources.
Conclusions: This study of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of those occupationally exposed to DE found, most notably, that more education and training and the creation of a health effects inventory regarding DE exposure were desired." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Salvagioni, Denise Albieri Jodas, Francine Nesello Melanda, Arthur Eumann Mesas, Alberto Durán González, Flávia Lopes Gabani & Selma Maffei de Andrade (2017): Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. A systematic review of prospective studies. In: PLoS one, Jg. 12, H. 10, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0185781

Abstract

"Burnout is a syndrome that results from chronic stress at work, with several consequences to workers' well-being and health. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence of the physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout in prospective studies. The PubMed, Science Direct, PsycInfo, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched without language or date restrictions. The Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Prospective studies that analyzed burnout as the exposure condition were included. Among the 993 articles initially identified, 61 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 36 were analyzed because they met three criteria that must be followed in prospective studies. Burnout was a significant predictor of the following physical consequences: hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hospitalization due to cardiovascular disorder, musculoskeletal pain, changes in pain experiences, prolonged fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems, severe injuries and mortality below the age of 45 years. The psychological effects were insomnia, depressive symptoms, use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications, hospitalization for mental disorders and psychological ill-health symptoms. Job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, new disability pension, job demands, job resources and presenteeism were identified as professional outcomes. Conflicting findings were observed. In conclusion, several prospective and high-quality studies showed physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. The individual and social impacts of burnout highlight the need for preventive interventions and early identification of this health condition in the work environment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Sirven, Nicolas, Jean-Marie Cardebat & Marine Coupaud (2017): Working conditions and the health of workers. An elaboration of a responsible prevention ratio. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 562-587. DOI:10.1177/0143831X15584084

Abstract

"The coincidence between trends in the decline of workers' health and the increasing practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) seems a paradox. Using data from the French Employment Survey 2005, in this article the authors develop an index of responsible prevention by combining a score of severity of working conditions with a score of risk prevention at the workplace. The authors then explore the influence of this variable on the propensity to stop working for medical reasons. The results show that prevention increases workers' health status and suggest the existence of an optimal level of social CSR expenditure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Spreitzer, Roland (2017): Berufskrankheiten in Österreich. Sind die geltenden Regelungen noch zeitgemäß? In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 65-80.

Abstract

"Was als Berufskrankheit anerkannt werden kann, ist im österreichischen Recht klar definiert. Wesentliche arbeitsbedingte Erkrankungen wie psychische Krankheiten und Muskel-Skelett- Erkrankungen sind aufgrund der gesetzlichen Ausgestaltung von einer Anerkennung ausgeschlossen. Da diese Krankheitsbilder in der modernen Arbeitswelt zunehmend wichtiger werden, stellt sich die Frage, ob das Berufskrankheitenrecht in Österreich noch zeitgemäß ist. Der Beitrag bietet einen Einblick in die Problematik." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

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Bubonya, Melisa, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Mark Wooden (2016): Mental health and productivity at work. Does what you do matter? (IZA discussion paper 9879), Bonn, 52 S.

Abstract

"Much of the economic cost of mental illness stems from workers' reduced productivity. We analyze the links between mental health and two alternative workplace productivity measures - absenteeism and presenteeism (i.e., lower productivity while attending work) - explicitly allowing these relationships to be moderated by the nature of the job itself. We find that absence rates are approximately five percent higher among workers who report being in poor mental health. Moreover, job conditions are related to both presenteeism and absenteeism even after accounting for workers' self-reported mental health status. Job conditions are relatively more important in understanding diminished productivity at work if workers are in good rather than poor mental health. The effects of job complexity and stress on absenteeism do not depend on workers' mental health, while job security and control moderate the effect of mental illness on absence days." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Damaske, Sarah, Matthew J. Zawadzki & Joshua M. Smyth (2016): Stress at work. Differential experiences of high versus low SES workers. In: Social science & medicine, Jg. 156, H. May, S. 125-133. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.010

Abstract

"This paper asks whether workers with higher socioeconomic status (SES) experience different levels of stress at work than workers with lower SES and, if so, what might explain these differences. We collected innovative assessments of immediate objective and subjective measures of stress at multiple time points across consecutive days from 122 employed men and women. We find that in comparison to higher SES individuals, those with lower SES reported greater happiness at work, less self-reported stress, and less perceived stress; cortisol, a biological marker of stress, was unrelated to SES. Worker's momentary perceptions of the workplace were predicted by SES, with higher SES individuals more commonly reporting feeling unable to meet work demands, fewer work resources, and less positive work appraisals. In turn, perceptions of the workplace had a generally consistent and robust effect on positive mood, subjective stress, and cortisol." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Davies, Rhys, Melanie Jones & Huw Lloyd-Williams (2016): Age and work-related health. Insights from the UK labour force survey. In: BJIR, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 136-159. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12059

Abstract

"Data from the UK Labour Force Survey (LFS) are used to examine two methodological issues in the analysis of the relationship between age and work-related health. First, the LFS is unusual in that it asks work-related health questions to those who are not currently employed. This facilitates a more representative analysis than that which is constrained to focus only on those currently in work. Second, information in the LFS facilitates a comparison of work-related health problems that stem from current employment to a more encompassing measure that includes those related to a former job. We find that accounting for each of these sources of bias increases the age work-related health risk gradient, and suggest that ignoring such effects will underestimate the work-related health implications of current policies to extend working lives." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Dragano, Nico, Morten Wahrendorf, Kathrin Müller & Thorsten Lunau (2016): Arbeit und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit. Die ungleiche Verteilung von Arbeitsbelastungen in Deutschland und Europa. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 59, H. 2, S. 217-227. DOI:10.1007/s00103-015-2281-8

Abstract

"Arbeitsbelastungen könnten einen Anteil an der Entstehung sozial ungleicher Erkrankungsrisiken im Erwachsenenalter haben, wenn Beschäftigte aus benachteiligten Berufsklassen von diesen Belastungen häufiger betroffen sind. Empirische Daten für die Beurteilung dieser Annahme fehlen für Deutschland weitgehend.
Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Forschung zur berufsbezogenen gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit. Anhand von Daten einer europäischen Beschäftigtenbefragung wird zudem die Verteilung eines breiten Spektrums von Arbeitsbelastungen über unterschiedliche berufliche Positionen untersucht.
Die Analysen basieren auf Daten des European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). Die deutsche Teilstichprobe (n?=?2096) und die Stichprobe für EU-27 Länder (n?=?34.529) wurden vergleichend ausgewertet. Die berufliche Position wurde anhand des EGP-Klassenschemas operationalisiert und die Prävalenz von 16 Arbeitsbelastungen für diese EGP-Berufsklassen geschlechtsspezifisch berechnet. In Regressionsmodellen wurde zudem geprüft, ob Unterschiede in der selbstberichteten Gesundheit zwischen Berufsklassen durch ein ungleiches Auftreten von Belastungen erklärt werden könnten.
Für zahlreiche Arbeitsbelastungen zeigte sich eine höhere Prävalenz bei manuellen Berufen und einfachen Angestellten. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für physische und psychische Belastungen. Die Ergebnisse für Männer und Frauen sowie für die deutsche und die europäische Stichprobe stimmten zum großen Teil überein.
Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass gesundheitlich belastende Arbeitsbedingungen einen Anteil an der Ausprägung sozial ungleicher Gesundheitschancen in der Bevölkerung haben. " © Springer-Verlag

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Heggebø, Kristian (2016): Hiring, employment, and health in Scandinavia. The Danish 'flexicurity' model in comparative perspective. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 5, S. 460-486. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1207794

Abstract

"Previous research has shown that people with health problems often experience disadvantages on the labour market. Can weak employment protection increase employment prospects for people with ill health? In order to investigate this question, the longitudinal part of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data material is utilised (2008 - 2011) and generalised least squares regressions are estimated. The research context is set to Scandinavia. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are similar in many respects, but deviate on one important point: the employment protection legislation is considerably weaker in the Danish 'flexicurity' model. The lenient firing regulations could make employers more prone to take the 'risk' associated with hiring someone with a health problem, since the costs related to firing him/her are low. The results reveal that people with ill health have somewhat better hiring likelihood in Denmark than in Norway and Sweden. This pattern is, however, only evident among higher educated individuals. Furthermore, descriptive evidence indicates that the 'flexicurity' model seems to come at a cost for people with health problems: The employment rates are not high overall, and temporary work contracts are much more widespread in Denmark. Consequently, labour market attachment for people with ill health remains rather 'loose' in the Danish 'flexicurity' model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Heijnen, Suzanne, Wolter Hassink & Janneke Plantenga (2016): Sickness absenteeism during a period of job-to-job transition. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 145, H. August, S. 145-147. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2016.05.036

Abstract

"We examine a novel pattern of workplace sickness absenteeism for job-to-job movers, covering the periods before and after their job transitions. The movers display two opposite changes of absenteeism - an upward and a downward spike before and after job change. The estimates indicate a behavioural effect related to differences in financial incentives for job movers." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))

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Jones, Melanie K., P. L. Latreille & Peter J. Sloane (2016): Job anxiety, work-related psychological illness and workplace performance. In: BJIR, Jg. 54, H. 4, S. 742-767. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12159

Abstract

"This article uses matched employee - employer data from the British Workplace Employment Relations Survey to examine the relationship between employee psychological health and workplace performance in 2004 and 2011. Using two measures of work-related psychological health - namely employee-reported job anxiety and manager-reported workforce stress, depression and anxiety - we find a positive relationship between psychological ill-health and absence, but not quits. The association between psychological ill-health and labour productivity is less clear, with estimates sensitive to sector, time period and the measure of psychological health. The 2004 - 2011 panel is further used to explore the extent to which change in psychological health is related to change in performance." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Karlsson, Tobias (2016): Gender differences in absence from work. Lessons from two world wars. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2016,26), Uppsala, 22 S.

Abstract

"This paper traces the origins and early history of perceived gender differences in absenteeism in Great Britain and the USA. Among politicians and scholars, the problem was first articulated during World War I and reappeared as an issue of prime concern during World War II. The war efforts required mobilization and allocation of large numbers of women to jobs that had previously been done by men while maintaining high and continuous flows of production in an economy that was increasingly characterized by high capital intensity. The most common explanation of women's higher levels of absenteeism was their double burden of wage work and unpaid household duties. Although researchers in the field were cautious to give policy recommendations, the studies on absenteeism revealed that 'industrial fatigue' could have negative effects on productivity and helped to motivate regulations on working hours. Studies on absenteeism also encouraged firms to professionalize personnel management and to reinforce apprehensions of differences between men and women as workers and employees. Some employers and other policy makers referred to gender differences in absenteeism to motivate wage discrimination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mundbjerg Eriksen, Tine L., Annie Hogh & Åse Marie Hansen (2016): Long-term consequences of workplace bullying on sickness absence. In: Labour economics, Jg. 43, H. December, S. 129-150. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.06.008

Abstract

"Bullying in workplaces is a problem thought to harm individual productivity. This paper investigates whether being exposed to bullying in the workplace increases long-term sickness absence. We analyze employees from a selection of workplaces from The Bullying Cohort Study conducted in Denmark in 2006. The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised was used to avoid bias related to self-labeling as being bullied. We account for important confounders, such as historical information on sickness absence and mental health, obtained through rich registry data. Our results show that gender does not significantly explain exposure to bullying and that exposure to bullying is associated with negative immediate self-reported health for both genders. We also find, however, that only bullied females have higher, persistent increases in long-term sickness absence and adverse long-term health. This suggests that men and women have different coping strategies. We investigate plausible explanations for this and find that the differences cannot be explained by, for example, turnover or lack of employment. Although insignificant, our results nonetheless indicate that men are twice as likely to leave the labor force immediately after exposure to bullying." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))