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Megatrends in times of Covid

The 5nd Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of the Labour Market is jointly organized by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) and the Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) and focuses on a broad range of topics related to regional labour markets.

This year, a special focus is on aspects revolving around the Covid19 crisis. COVID-19 is hitting local labour markets at a time when megatrends related to globalisation, digitalisation, technological change, are reshaping the way we live and work. The pandemic causes enormous economic and social disruptions which might affect regional labour markets in various ways in the short and long term.

The two organizing institutions, Institute for Employment Research (IAB), and Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), aim to bring together frontier research of labour economists, regional economists, sociologists, geographers and scholars from related fields. Theoretical, empirical and policy-oriented contributions are very welcome. The workshop provides a forum that allows scientists to network while fostering the exchange of research ideas and results.

The workshop has a special focus on the spatial dimension of the consequences of the pandemic and changing economic activity. Apart from this interest, a non-exhaustive list of topics is:

COVID-19 pandemic, it’s impact on local labour markets
Telecommuting
Spatial distribution of activities, disparities and inequalities
Spatial mismatch, unemployment and spatial job search
Mobility of labour and imperfect labour markets
Location decisions and urban amenities
Neighbourhoods, proximity, and urban density
Regional dimensions of wage determination
Evaluation of regional labour market policy and urban or regional policy
Effects of globalization and technological change
Methodological and data-driven innovations (e.g. use of geo-coded data)

Qualifizierung und Arbeitskräfteknappheit in Zeiten des Wandels

Die positive Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes bis zum Frühjahr 2020 wurde jäh durch die Covid-19 Pandemie unterbrochen. Durch umfangreiche Stützungsmaßnahmen, vor allem Kurzarbeit, konnte jedoch ein stärkerer Rückgang der sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung und ein dramatischer Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit verhindert werden. Schon 2021 übertraf die sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung wieder das Vorkrisenniveau. In der Covid-19 Pandemie ist aber auch das Erwerbspersonenpotenzial zurückgegangen. Derzeit gibt es auf breiter Front Fachkräfteengpässe und in vielen Bereichen besteht sogar ein starker Arbeitskräftemangel. Zentrale Ursachen sind die demografische Entwicklung und die Herausforderungen der wirtschaftlichen Transformationsprozesse, wie Digitalisierung und ökologische Transformation. Die Folgen des Ukrainekrieges und eine Umsteuerung in der Energieversorgung verstärken die Anpassungsnotwendigkeiten. Daher sind Maßnahmen zur quantitativen und qualifikatorischen Stärkung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials und dessen Anpassungsfähigkeit notwendig. Ziel dieser Maßnahmen sollte die Steigerung der Erwerbstätigkeit, die weitere Qualifizierung von Erwerbspersonen und die Stärkung der beruflichen Ausbildung sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der 18. IWH/IAB-Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik die Auswirkungen von Demografie und Transformationsprozessen auf Betriebe und Erwerbspersonen sowie geeignete politische Maßnahmen, um negativen Folgen dieser Entwicklungen auf das Arbeitskräfteangebot entgegenzuwirken.

Willkommen sind Beiträge insbesondere zu folgenden Aspekten:

Arbeitsmarkteffekte von demografischer Entwicklung, technologischem Wandel und ökologischer Transformation
Veränderungen in den Qualifikationsanforderungen und (beruflichen) Tätigkeitsstrukturen im Arbeitsmarkt
Berufliche Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten oder Arbeitslosen
Mismatcharbeitslosigkeit trotz Arbeitskräfteknappheit?
Arbeitsplatzmobilität und berufliche Mobilität
Krise der dualen Ausbildung, Anpassungen im Ausbildungssystem
Arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahmen zur Stärkung von Qualifizierung und Erwerbstätigkeit und zur Bewältigung der Transformationsprozesse

TASKS VI: The Digital and Ecological Transformation of the Labour Market

Digital technologies can be both labour-saving and labour-augmenting, thereby changing the division of labour between humans and machines. While an increasing range of tasks can be automated, new tasks arise at the same time. This digital transformation is likely to interact with the ecological transformation towards a climate-friendly economy, both of which will shape the future of work. On top of that, the Covid-19 pandemic induced fast changes in the organisation and location of work. The aim of this conference is to bring together economists, sociologists and researchers from related fields to discuss frontier research on labour market effects of processes associated with the digital and ecological transformation. Special focus lies on the following questions:

How does the division of tasks between workers and machines develop?
Do green jobs differ from non-green jobs in terms of skills and human capital?
How does the digital and ecological transformation affect labour market, firm and individual outcomes?
How do job contents and tasks evolve and how do workers adapt?
What is the role of education and training in preparing the workforce for new knowledge and skills requirements?
How does the Covid-19 pandemic affect both types of transformations? And what does the pandemic reveal about the interactions between gender, education, work requirements and tasks?
How can policy cushion potential negative outcomes related to these transformations?
How do we measure the digital and ecological transformation and categorise related tasks?
What can we learn from new (big) data sources like job advertisements?

European Meeting of the International Microsimulation Association 2022

The conference is open to all areas of microsimulation, including static and dynamic microsimulation, agent-based models, behavioural models, and all applied and methodological contributions related to microsimulation. Moreover, there will also be thematic streams during the conference (organised together with partners in brackets):

Labour markets and welfare policies (Dr. Kerstin Bruckmeier, Institute for Employment Research IAB)
Comparative analysis on taxes and benefits (Salvador Barrios, PhD, Joint Research Centre, European Commission)
Dynamic microsimulation (Prof. Ralf Münnich, MikroSim FOR2559)
Health (Ieva Skarda, PhD, Centre for Health Economics at the University of York)
Agriculture and environment (Prof. Cathal O’Donoghue, National University of Ireland, Galway; University of Maastricht)

The German Labor Market in a Globalized World: Trade, Technology, and Demographics

The conference focuses on technology, trade, and demographic changes and the ways they interact with employment, wages, and participation in the labor market, with a particular emphasis on the role of institutions and on labor markets during the COVID-19 crisis. Understanding these relationships is key in assessing the performance of the labor market and for the design of effective labor market policies. We invite empirical and theoretical contributions on these topics from all areas of economics and sociology with a focus on labor, education, health, or human resource management.

The conference will be held in-person. It is sponsored by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the Priority Program 1764 “The German Labor Market in a Globalized World” and will also mark the end of the program.

Labour markets during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

With the COVID-19 pandemic in its third year, the question how the former has affected labour markets and economic policies continues to be of prime importance. Has the pandemic led to lasting changes in the organization of work? Which workers, firms or regions will benefit from such changes? Thus far, research has mainly focussed on the pandemic’s initial impact. Much less is known about its effects in the medium run and if early adjustments have turned into permanent changes. As more data is becoming available, it is now possible to assess how individual labour market biographies have been affected; how firms adapted to disruptions in their production processes; how the effects of the pandemic differed between regions, sectors or occupations; and whether certain policies have been changed permanently as a result of the crisis. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together researchers to present and discuss current work on the labour market consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

How have individual labour market biographies been affected by the pandemic?
Do pandemic effects differ between groups of individuals and have there been changes in labour market inequality?
Has the pandemic led to labour market scarring?
How have school-to-work transitions, entries into training or transitions from training into employment been affected?
How has the allocation of household or care tasks changed during the pandemic?
Has occupational mobility changed as a result of the pandemic?
How have firms responded to the pandemic?
How has the adoption of working-from-home schemes affected firms’ production processes?
Has the pandemic led to more investment in digital technologies and how has this affected the workers at the firm?
Has occupation- or task-specific labour demand changed during the pandemic?
How has short-term work been used during the pandemic?
Have firms adjusted their (international) supply chains?
Have urban labour markets become less attractive?
Have regional labour market disparities increased as a result of the pandemic?

Field Experiments in Policy Evaluation

The Institute for Employment Research (IAB) and the Labor and Socio-Economic Research Center (LASER) of the University of Erlangen Nuremberg are pleased to announce a workshop on field experiments in policy evaluation. Randomized experiments are the golden standard of causal analysis and have become an important tool in policy evaluations. However, conducting field experiments poses several methodical challenges like external validity, spillover effects, or dynamic selection. The two-day workshop seeks to bring together researchers focusing on policy evaluations using a field experimental design. Studies addressing one of the following fields are particularly welcome:

Labor economics
Economics of education
Health economics

„Higher Education and the Labour Market“ (HELM)

Different Paths – Different Outcomes? Changes in the Acquisition of the Higher Education Entrance Qualification and Educational Pathways of Graduates

Today, the majority of the 18-19 year olds acquires a higher education entrance qualification. While most of them do so by obtaining a general secondary school certificate (e.g., Abitur, Matura, Baccalauréat, A-Levels), alternative paths to acquiring a higher education entrance qualification might apply. Moreover, cooperative education programmes integrating vocational and tertiary education (“Duales Studium”), which provide an alternative path to university studies and vocational training, have become increasingly popular.

How these changes shape education and career paths of students/degree holders is the focus topic of this year’s 2nd Forum „Higher Education and the Labour Market“. Of particular interest are papers focusing on the education and career paths of the new (non-traditional) student groups or analysing (and ideally comparing) students following the different educational tracks (university studies, vocational training, cooperative education programmes). Contributions might, for example, cover topics like:

Who chooses (traditional) higher education programmes, who chooses vocational education, and who opts for cooperative education programmes? Are there systematic differences in students’ choices between these options, for example due to gender, academic or migration background, the type of entrance qualification, and/or individual competences?
What determines the choice of subjects in higher education or vocational training?
Does the type of higher education entrance qualification influence the success in vocational and higher education?
Are training and/or study decisions revised later on? And if so, when will this be the case, who will be most likely to revise her or his decision, are some decisions more likely to be revised than others, and which alternative paths are taken?
It is often argued that vocational and tertiary education convey different types of competencies (more specific vs. more general). How do these differences in competence endowments affect degree holders’ labour market chances?

In addition to the focus topic we are also interested in contributions that deal with the link between higher education and the labour market in general. Examples are papers focusing on topics like returns to education, overeducation among holders of tertiary degrees, labour market transitions of university drop-outs, graduates’ placement on the labour market – especially with regard to graduates with different types of degrees (e.g., B.A./M.A), or differences over time resulting from the increase in take-up of university studies.

Das IAB bei der „Langen Nacht der Wissenschaften“

Strukturwandel auf dem Arbeitsmarkt

Der diesjährige Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle und des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung Nürnberg widmet sich dem Thema "Strukturwandel auf dem Arbeitsmarkt".

Internationale Arbeitsteilung, Digitalisierung und technologischer Fortschritt stellen Unternehmen vor komplexe, zukunftsentscheidende Fragen, können ganze Wirtschaftszweige bedrohen und viele Arbeitsplätze kosten. So wird zum Beispiel davon ausgegangen, dass Routinearbeiten vermehrt durch Maschinen übernommen werden können und die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften in vielen dieser Tätigkeitsfelder langfristig stark sinken wird. Auch politische Entscheidungen und Regulierungen, beispielsweise im Bereich des Umweltschutzes, führen zu Umbrüchen in traditionsreichen Branchen wie der Braunkohleförderung oder der Automobilindustrie. Gleichzeitig ergeben sich durch strukturellen Wandel und die damit einhergehende Verschiebung der Arbeitsnachfrage neue Arbeitsfelder und Berufsbilder in aufstrebenden Wirtschaftszweigen.

Dabei entstehen unter anderem neue Erwerbsbiografien, die oft kaum noch der traditionellen Vorstellung von langfristigen Anstellungsverhältnissen und Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten innerhalb eines Betriebes entsprechen. Vielmehr sind sie geprägt von häufigeren Wechseln des Arbeitgebers und zahlreichen Perioden der Weiterbildung. Auch Personen, die ihren Arbeitsplatz durch eine Betriebsschließung verloren haben, müssen sich der Herausforderung des lebenslangen Lernens stellen, um den Anschluss auf dem Arbeitsmarkt nicht zu verlieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der 16. IWH/IAB-Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik die Auswirkungen strukturellen Wandels auf Regionen, Branchen, Betriebe und einzelne Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer.