Abstract

We analyse employment trends from 2015 to 2024 by age structure, task level (unskilled/semiskilled tasks, skilled tasks, complex tasks, highly complex tasks), nationality in eastern and western Germany and at the level of the settlement structure types of the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR). We show that there has been a significant increase in foreign employees at all job levels. In particular, the increase in employment at the helper and skilled labour level was solely attributable to foreign employees. We also examine which occupations are most affected by demographic change and where the labour shortage can be compensated by foreign employees.