Abstract

The planned project will employ the updated IIPED dataset to examine labor market outcomes of foreign citizens who obtained doctoral degrees at German universities between 1995 and 2020. Building on both applicants’ prior work and adopting doctorate recipients with German citizenship as our reference group, we intend to answer three research questions (RQs): (1) How has the participation of international doctorate recipients in the German labor market developed since 1995? (2) Is there evidence of “glass ceiling effects” in the labor market outcomes of international doctorate recipients? (3) How is the retention of international doctorate recipients in the German labor market affected by immigration laws and popular sentiment toward immigration?