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FDZ-Literatur / FDZ Literature

Die FDZ-Literaturdatenbank umfasst neben Datensatzbeschreibungen und Methodenberichten die zahlreichen Forschungsarbeiten, die auf Basis der am FDZ angebotenen Daten entstanden sind. Hier finden Sie aktuell laufende Projekte von FDZ-Nutzenden.
Darüber hinaus stehen die Literaturdatenbank zum IAB-Betriebspanel sowie die Literaturdatenbank zum PASS zur Verfügung.

Apart from dataset descriptions and methodology reports, the FDZ literature database contains numerous research papers written on the basis of the data provided by the FDZ. Here you can find currently ungoing research projects of FDZ users.
In addition, literature databases on the IAB Establishment Panel and the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) are available for research.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    AI, Task Changes in Jobs, and Worker Reallocation (2024)

    Gathmann, Christina ; Winkler, Erwin; Grimm, Felix;

    Zitatform

    Gathmann, Christina, Felix Grimm & Erwin Winkler (2024): AI, Task Changes in Jobs, and Worker Reallocation. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17554), Bonn, 50 S.

    Abstract

    "How does Artificial Intelligence (AI) affect the task content of work, and how do workers adjust to the diffusion of AI in the economy? To answer these important questions, we combine novel patent-based measures of AI and robot exposure with individual survey data on tasks performed on the job and administrative data on worker careers. Like prior studies, we find that robots have reduced routine tasks. In sharp contrast, AI has reduced non-routine abstract tasks like information gathering and increased the demand for 'high-level' routine tasks like monitoring processes. These task shifts mainly occur within detailed occupations and become stronger over time. While displacement effects are small, workers have responded by switching jobs, often to less exposed industries. We also document that low-skilled workers suffer some wage losses, while high-skilled incumbent workers experience wage gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Essays on higher education and the housing market (2024)

    Göhausen, Johannes;

    Zitatform

    Göhausen, Johannes (2024): Essays on higher education and the housing market. Leipzig, 304 S. DOI:10.15488/17990

    Abstract

    "Die Hochschulbildung hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten weltweit ein enormes Wachstum erfahren. Angesichts der grundlegenden Bedeutung von Bildung verfolgen viele Staaten langfristige Strategien zur Stärkung ihrer Hochschulsysteme, wie z.B. den Bologna-Prozess. Gleichzeitig haben Veränderungen im Hochschulwesen eine inhärente regionale Dimension und stehen in enger Wechselwirkung mit Arbeits- und Wohnungsmärkten. Diese Dissertation leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis dazu, wie sich Veränderungen und Reformen im Hochschulsystem und auf dem Wohnungsmarkt (Bologna-Prozess, Bildungsexpansion, Immobilienpreisboom) auf individuelle Bildungsentscheidungen und Arbeitsmarkterträge auswirken. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf den Anpassungen innerhalb regionaler Hochschul- und Wohnungsmärkte. Kapitel 2 gibt einen systematischen Überblick über die quantitative empirische Literatur zu den Auswirkungen des Bologna-Prozesses auf verschiedene Ergebnisgrößen entlang des Studienverlaufs (Einschreibung, Studienerfolg und Arbeitsmarkterträge). Wir stellen fest, dass die Literatur überraschend dünn, selektiv und ambivalent ist. In Ländern, in denen die Reform schneller umgesetzt wurde, scheinen die Einschreibungen zugenommen zu haben. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Befunde in Bezug auf den Studienerfolg gemischt. Die Ergebnisse zu den Arbeitsmarkterträgen sind wiederum konsistenter: BA-Absolventinnen erzielen tendenziell niedrigere Arbeitsmarkterträge als Absolventinnen mit Abschlüssen aus der Zeit vor der Reform oder MA-Absolventinnen. Insgesamt lassen die Studien oftmals keine kausalen Schlüsse zu, was evidenzbasierte Anpassungen bei der Umsetzung der Reform erschwert. In Kapitel 3 untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen der Einführung von Bachelor-Studiengängen im Zuge des Bologna-Prozesses auf das duale Ausbildungssystem in Deutschland, in dem drei von zehn Auszubildenden über eine Hochschulzugangsberechtigung verfügen. Wir nutzen regionale und zeitliche Variation in der Einführung der Reform aus und verwenden administrative Studierenden- und Arbeitsmarktdaten. Die Umsetzung der Reform hat die Zahl der neuen Auszubildenden mit Hochschulzugangsberechtigung erheblich reduziert. Davon betroffen waren vor allem kaufmännische Ausbildungsberufe. Die Betriebe substituierten nicht durch weniger gut ausgebildete Auszubildende, sondern ersetzten das geringere Angebot an neuen Auszubildenden mit Hochschulzugangsberechtigung langfristig teilweise durch Hochschulabsolventinnen. Kapitel 4 analysiert die Auswirkungen der jüngsten Bildungsexpansion auf die frühen Erwerbsverläufe von Berufseinsteigerinnen in Deutschland. Wir verwenden detaillierte individuelle Daten zu Erwerbsbiographien und nutzen die unterschiedliche Betroffenheit der Eintrittskohorten von der Expansion im Zeitverlauf und zwischen verschiedenen Regionen aus. Wir finden geringe negative Effekte auf die Einstiegslöhne, insbesondere für Hochqualifizierte. Mit zunehmender Berufserfahrung nimmt dieser Effekt jedoch ab und wird leicht positiv, mit starken positiven Spillover-Effekten für Geringqualifizierte. Die Dynamik der Effekte ergibt sich aus zwei gegenläufigen Mechanismen: Angebots- (cohort crowding) und Nachfrageeffekte (skill- and routine-biased technological change). Kapitel 5 beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle regionaler Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren im deutschen Immobilienpreisboom zwischen 2008 und 2021. Anhand von qualitätsbereinigten Wohnungspreisdaten auf Kreisebene zeigen wir, dass regionale Fundamentaldaten bis zu zwei Drittel der Variation zwischen den Regionen und 77 bis 87 Prozent der Variation innerhalb der Regionen im Preiswachstum erklären. Der Preisanstieg fällt hauptsächlich mit Veränderungen der lokalen Nachfragefaktoren zusammen, insbesondere der Bevölkerungsdichte und des Akademikeranteils. Wir identifizieren jedoch auch systematische Variation über die Fundamentalfaktoren hinaus (Überbewertung der Top-7-Städte, Pfadabhängigkeit und räumliche Spillover-Effekte). Dies interpretieren wir als Beleg für Spekulation, die Präferenz von Anlegerinnen für liquide Märkte und begrenzte Rationalität. In Kapitel 6 werden die Auswirkungen von Mietpreisänderungen auf die Studienanfängerquoten untersucht. Wir nutzen Unterschiede zwischen den deutschen Landkreisen und kreisfreien Städten hinsichtlich der Höhe und des Zeitpunkts lokaler Mietpreissteigerungen in den 2010er Jahren aus. Wir finden, dass ein Anstieg der Wohnungsmieten zu einem signifikanten Rückgang der Studienanfängerquoten geführt hat. Dieser Rückgang ist insbesondere auf Studienanfänger*innen zurückzuführen, die aus weiter entfernten Orten stammen. Zudem ist der Rückgang in weniger dicht besiedelten Gebieten besonders ausgeprägt. Die Wohnkosten, die den größten Anteil an den Ausgaben der Studierenden ausmachen und einen wichtigen Standortfaktor darstellen, haben daher in einigen Regionen zu einer Verlangsamung der Bildungsexpansion und zu einer Verringerung der qualifikationsbindenden Wirkung von Hochschulen geführt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion (2024)

    Göhausen, Johannes; Thomsen, Stephan L. ;

    Zitatform

    Göhausen, Johannes & Stephan L. Thomsen (2024): Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17487), Bonn, 74 S.

    Abstract

    "We evaluate the labor market effects of an increasing supply of high-skilled labor, resulting from a higher education expansion at established German universities. Exploiting variation in exposure across regions and cohorts, we estimate early career effects for labor market entrants. We find that high-skilled wages decline initially, particularly in non-graduate jobs, but recover over the first five years of experience. Medium-skilled workers are barely affected, while low-skilled workers benefit from higher wage growth in non-routineintensive jobs. We explain the dynamics of the effects by two countervailing mechanisms: immediate supply effects and gradual technology effects through increasing skilled labor demand." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility (2024)

    Hollandt, Nils Torben; Müller, Steffen ;

    Zitatform

    Hollandt, Nils Torben & Steffen Müller (2024): The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17259), 61 S.

    Abstract

    "Wage mobility reduces the persistence of wage inequality. We develop a framework to quantify the contribution of employer-to-employer movers to aggregate wage mobility. Using three decades of German social security data, we find that inequality increased while aggregate wage mobility decreased. Employer-to-employer movers exhibit higher wage mobility, mainly due to changes in employer wage premia at job change. The massive structural changes following German unification temporarily led to a high number of movers, which in turn boosted aggregate wage mobility. Wage mobility is much lower at the bottom of the wage distribution, and the decline in aggregate wage mobility since the 1980s is concentrated there. The overall decline can be mostly attributed to a reduction in wage mobility per mover, which is due to a compositional shift toward lower-wage movers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Alter beim Austritt aus versicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung: Anstieg, Kompression und Nivellierung (2024)

    Keck, Max; Brussig, Martin ;

    Zitatform

    Keck, Max & Martin Brussig (2024): Alter beim Austritt aus versicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung. Anstieg, Kompression und Nivellierung. (Altersübergangs-Report / Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universität Duisburg-Essen 2023-01), Duisburg, 16 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/78685

    Abstract

    "Das mittlere Austrittsalter aus versicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung älterer Erwerbstätiger hat sich von 60,1 Jahren (Jahrgang 1940) auf 63,1 Jahre (Jahrgang 1953) deutlich erhöht. Das Altersspektrum, innerhalb dessen die meisten Erwerbsaustritte erfolgen, hat sich leicht reduziert. Wesentlich dazu beigetragen hat die Schließung der Altersrente für Frauen, aufgrund derer Frauen ab Jahrgang 1952 nicht mehr ab 60 Jahren in Altersrente gehen können. Unterschiede im mittleren Austrittsalter aus versicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung zwischen Männern und Frauen sowie zwischen Beschäftigten, die auf unterschiedlichen Anforderungsniveaus tätig sind, haben sich nivelliert. Nach wie vor liegt das mittlere Erwerbsaustrittsalter aus versicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung deutlich unterhalb der Regelaltersgrenze. Die Mehrheit erreicht nicht die Regelaltersrente aus einer Beschäftigung heraus." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    When Small Decisions Have Big Impact: Fairness Implications of Algorithmic Profiling Schemes (2024)

    Kern, Christoph ; Bach, Ruben L. ; Kreuter, Frauke ; Mautner, Hannah ;

    Zitatform

    Kern, Christoph, Ruben L. Bach, Hannah Mautner & Frauke Kreuter (2024): When Small Decisions Have Big Impact: Fairness Implications of Algorithmic Profiling Schemes. In: ACM Journal on Responsible Computing, Jg. 1, H. 4, S. 1-30. DOI:10.1145/3689485

    Abstract

    "Algorithmic profiling is increasingly used in the public sector with the hope of allocating limited public resources more effectively and objectively. One example is the prediction-based profiling of job seekers to guide the allocation of support measures by public employment services. However, empirical evaluations of potential side-effects such as unintended discrimination and fairness concerns are rare in this context. We systematically compare and evaluate statistical models for predicting job seekers’ risk of becoming long-term unemployed concerning subgroup prediction performance, fairness metrics, and vulnerabilities to data analysis decisions. Focusing on Germany as a use case, we evaluate profiling models under realistic conditions using large-scale administrative data. We show that despite achieving high prediction performance on average, profiling models can be considerably less accurate for vulnerable social subgroups. In this setting, different classification policies can have very different fairness implications. We therefore call for rigorous auditing processes before such models are put to practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Learning by Hiring New Immigrants in a Frictional Labor Market (2024)

    Kim, Chanwoo;

    Zitatform

    Kim, Chanwoo (2024): Learning by Hiring New Immigrants in a Frictional Labor Market. In: Changwoo Kim (2024): Essays in Public, Labor, and Macroeconomics, S. 1-102.

    Abstract

    "Analyzing recent immigration from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to West Germany, I document that the propensity of German establishments to hire these new immigrants is correlated with their previous hiring experiences from the group. However, no such correlation is found in the hiring of native Germans. Based on these findings, I build an equilibrium search model in which each firm privately learns about the productivity of an immigrant group based on matching outcomes with their immigrant employees. While immigrants are discriminated against due to inaccurate beliefs about their group, natives encounter externalities as firms misjudge the productivity of the new workforce. The calibrated model suggests that CEE immigrants, on average, have a higher match quality than native Germans with German establishments. However, negatively biased beliefs persist about the immigrant group despite the learning-by-hiring process. These misperceptions cause a significant wage gap due to early tenure wage losses for CEE immigrants and diminish the positive impact of immigration on the employment of native Germans." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die hohe Anziehungs- und Bindekraft von Gesundheits-, Erziehungs- und sozialen Berufen: eine Analyse von Berufswechseln (2024)

    Lehweß-Litzmann, René ;

    Zitatform

    Lehweß-Litzmann, René (2024): Die hohe Anziehungs- und Bindekraft von Gesundheits-, Erziehungs- und sozialen Berufen: eine Analyse von Berufswechseln. In: R. Lehweß-Litzmann (Hrsg.) (2024): Fachkräfte für die Daseinsvorsorge, S. 331-394. DOI:10.5771/9783748939689-331

    Abstract

    "Bezogen auf ausgewählte Humandienstleistungsberufe in den Bereichen Gesundheit, Erziehung und Soziales wird in diesem Kapitel das Phänomen des Berufswechsels untersucht. Ziel ist es, mehr über die Attraktivität dieser Berufe und über die Möglichkeit einer Rekrutierung zusätzlicher Beschäftigter herauszufinden. Die verwendeten Daten stammen aus Betriebsmeldungen an die Sozialversicherung für die Jahre 2013 bis 2019. Die Befunde sind als Indizien dafür zu lesen, dass die untersuchten Berufe für Beschäftigte attraktiv sind: Erstens liegt die Berufstreue hoch, verglichen mit anderen Berufen. Zweitens sind Humandienstleistungsberufe häufiger Ziel als Quelle von Berufswechseln. Zudem kommen Seiten- und Quereinsteiger:innen nicht selten aus einfachen Dienstleistungstätigkeiten außerhalb des Care-Bereichs, womit Humandienstleistungsberufe berufliche Aufstiege ermöglichen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Nomos)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Expertise at Work: New Technologies, New Skills, and Worker Impacts (2024)

    Lipowski, Cäcilia ; Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich ; Salomons, Anna;

    Zitatform

    Lipowski, Cäcilia, Anna Salomons & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2024): Expertise at Work: New Technologies, New Skills, and Worker Impacts. (ZEW discussion paper 24-044), 83 S.

    Abstract

    "We study how new digital technology reshapes vocational training and skill acquisition and its impact on workers’ careers. We construct a novel database of legally binding training curricula and changes therein, spanning the near universe of vocational training in Germany over five decades, and link curriculum updates to breakthrough technologies using Natural Language Processing techniques. Our findings reveal that technological advances drive training updates, with curriculum content evolving towards less routine intensive tasks, and greater use of digital and social skills. Using administrative employer-employee data, we show that educational updates help workers adapt to new demands for their expertise, and earn higher wages compared to workers with outdated skills. These findings highlight the role of changes in within occupational skill supply in meeting evolving labor market demands for non-college educated workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A single risk approach to the semiparametric competing risks model with parametric Archimedean risk dependence (2024)

    Lo, Ming Sum Simon; Wilke, Ralf A. ;

    Zitatform

    Lo, Ming Sum Simon & Ralf A. Wilke (2024): A single risk approach to the semiparametric competing risks model with parametric Archimedean risk dependence. In: Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Jg. 201. DOI:10.1016/j.jmva.2023.105276

    Abstract

    "This paper considers a dependent competing risks model with the distribution of one risk being a semiparametric proportional hazards model, whereas the model for the other risks and the degree of risk dependence of an Archimedean copula are unknown. Identifiability is shown when there is at least one covariate with at least two values. Estimation is done by means of a -consistent semiparametric two-step procedure. Applicability and attractive finite sample performance are demonstrated with the help of simulations. An application to unemployment duration confirms the importance of estimating rather than assuming risk dependence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Cost of Fair Pay: How Child Care Work Wages Affect Formal Child Care Hours, Informal Child Care Hours, and Employment Hours (2024)

    Löffler, Verena;

    Zitatform

    Löffler, Verena (2024): The Cost of Fair Pay: How Child Care Work Wages Affect Formal Child Care Hours, Informal Child Care Hours, and Employment Hours. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1205), Berlin, 81 S.

    Abstract

    "The debate on the effects of child care policies on household and individual behavior is substantial but lacks a discussion of the unintended consequences of rising wages in the child care work sector. To address this gap in the debate, the relation between rising pay and formal child care hours, informal child care hours, and employment hours is analyzed empirically with a case study on child care in Germany between 2012 and 2019. Among other findings, the evidence demonstrates that the consumption of formal child care hours of middle- and high-income households in eastern Germany correlates negatively with child care work wages, indicating price elasticity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Internal migration after a uniform minimum wage introduction (2024)

    Moog, Alexander;

    Zitatform

    Moog, Alexander (2024): Internal migration after a uniform minimum wage introduction. (arXiv papers 2404.19590), 47 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2404.19590

    Abstract

    "Internal migration is an essential aspect to study labor mobility. I exploit the German statutory minimum wage introduction in 2015 to estimate its push and pull effects on internal migration using a 2% sample of administrative data. In a conditional fixed effects Poisson difference-in-differences framework with a continuous treatment, I find that the minimum wage introduction leads to an increase in the out-migration of low-skilled workers with migrant background by 25% with an increasing tendency over time from districts where a high share of workers are subject to the minimum wage (high-bite districts). In contrast the migration decision of native-born low-skilled workers is not affected by the policy. However, both native-born low-skilled workers and those with a migrant background do relocate across establishments, leaving high-bite districts as their workplace. In addition, I find an increase for unemployed individuals with a migrant background in out-migrating from high-bite districts. These results emphasize the importance of considering the effects on geographical labor mobility when implementing and analyzing policies that affect the determinants of internal migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Predicting Job Match Quality: A Machine Learning Approach (2024)

    Mühlbauer, Sabrina ; Weber, Enzo ;

    Zitatform

    Mühlbauer, Sabrina & Enzo Weber (2024): Predicting Job Match Quality: A Machine Learning Approach. (IAB-Discussion Paper 09/2024), Nürnberg, 25 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2409

    Abstract

    "Dieses Papier beschäftigt sich mit einer groß angelegten Datenanalyse um die Matching‑Qualität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu untersuchen. Hierfür verwenden wir einen sehr umfangreichen administrativen Datensatz zu Arbeitsmarktbiographien in Deutschland. Die Schätzungen werden sowohl mit maschinellem Lernen (extreme gradient boosting), als auch mit traditionellen statistischen Methoden (OLS, logit) durchgeführt. Bei der Gegenüberstellung beider Methoden wird deutlich, dass maschinelles Lernen insbesondere in den Bereichen Mustererkennung, Analyse von sehr großen Datensätzen und Minimierung der Fehlerrate deutliche Vorteile gegenüber den herkömmlichen Methoden aufweist. Schließlich werden die Prognosen für Matching‑Qualität (Stabilität und Löhne) mit Matching‑Wahrscheinlichkeiten kombiniert. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse wird für jede arbeitssuchende Person eine Liste mit Berufsvorschlägen generiert. Damit können Arbeitsvermittlern und Arbeitssuchenden Alternativen aufgezeigt werden, wodurch sich ihr Suchverhalten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erweitern könnte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Mühlbauer, Sabrina ; Weber, Enzo ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Skill mismatch and the costs of job displacement (2024)

    Neffke, Frank ; Wiederhold, Simon ; Nedelkoska, Ljubica ;

    Zitatform

    Neffke, Frank, Ljubica Nedelkoska & Simon Wiederhold (2024): Skill mismatch and the costs of job displacement. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere / Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle 2023,11), Halle, 67 S.

    Abstract

    "Establishment closures have lasting negative consequences for the workers they displace from their jobs. We study how these consequences vary with the amount of skill mismatch that workers experience after job displacement. Developing new measures of occupational skill redundancy and skill shortage, we analyze the work histories of individuals in Germany between 1975 and 2010. We estimate difference in-differences models, using a sample of displaced workers who are matched to statistically similar non-displaced workers. We find that displacements increase the probability of occupational change eleven-fold. Moreover, the magnitude of postdisplacement earnings losses strongly depends on the type of skill mismatch that workers experience in such job switches. Whereas skill shortages are associated with relatively quick returns to the counterfactual earnings trajectories that displaced workers would have experienced absent displacement, skill redundancy sets displaced workers on paths with permanently lower earnings. We show that these differences can be attributed to differences in mismatch after displacement, and not to intrinsic differences between workers making different post-displacement. career choices" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Skill mismatch and the costs of job displacement (2024)

    Neffke, Frank ; Nedelkoska, Ljubica ; Wiederhold, Simon ;

    Zitatform

    Neffke, Frank, Ljubica Nedelkoska & Simon Wiederhold (2024): Skill mismatch and the costs of job displacement. In: Research Policy, Jg. 53. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2023.104933

    Abstract

    "Establishment closures have lasting negative consequences for the workers displaced from their jobs. We study how these consequences vary with the amount of skill mismatch that workers experience after job displacement. Developing new measures of occupational skill redundancy and skill shortage, we analyze the work histories of individuals in Germany between 1975 and 2010. We estimate difference-in-differences models, using a sample of displaced workers who are matched to statistically similar non-displaced workers. We find that displacements increase the probability of occupation change eleven-fold. Moreover, the magnitude of post-displacement earnings losses strongly depends on the type of skill mismatch that workers experience in such job switches. Whereas skill shortages are associated with relatively quick returns to the earnings trajectories that displaced workers would have experienced absent displacement, skill redundancy sets displaced workers on paths with permanently lower earnings. We show that these differences can be attributed to differences in mismatch after displacement, and not to intrinsic differences between workers making different post-displacement career choices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Implications of Technology on Wages, Factor Shares and Inequalities across Demographic Groups in the European Labor Market (2024)

    Oleš, Tomáš ;

    Zitatform

    Oleš, Tomáš (2024): Implications of Technology on Wages, Factor Shares and Inequalities across Demographic Groups in the European Labor Market. Bratislava, 134 S.

    Abstract

    "Acemoglu and Restrepo (2022) document that between 50% and 70% of changes in the U.S. wage structure over the last four decades are accounted for by relative wage declines of worker groups specialized in routine tasks in industries experiencing rapid automation. First, we draw major inspiration from this fact and provide new empirical evidence from France and Germany. Based on the evolution of real wages across the last four decades, especially in Germany, we observe strong support for the idea that high-skill biased technological change is displacing some of the least-educated workers. We utilize the conceptual framework by Acemoglu and Restrepo (2022), which links demographic group task displacement, productivity gains, and changes in wage and employment structures over the last three decades. We document that workers in groups more exposed to task displacement, particularly those with lower educational attainment, experienced larger declines in wages and employment (France being the exception), while those in less exposed groups enjoyed increases in wages and employment. We hypothesize that real wages do not reflect the task displacement experienced by workers in a similar way as documented in the U.S. because in France, and to a lesser extent in Germany, wages are downwardly rigid due to institutional factors and a different pace of adoption of automation technologies compared to the US. Second, we contribute to the scarce empirical literature by simultaneously examining the labor-complementing and labor-substituting effects of technology on employment changes, drawing inspiration from Autor et al. (2022). Using text analysis techniques, we create an objective measure of exposure to automation and augmentation for ISCO-08 occupations to robots, software and AI technology. We measure how semantically similar the inputs and outputs of an occupation are to the tasks embedded in the patent documents. Our findings reveal a moderate positive correlation between automation and augmentation exposure across occupations. We find that augmentation and automation move labor demand in countervailing directions. Specifically, we find that occupations with higher exposure to automation than to augmentation tend to experience, on average, declines in employment, while those with higher exposure to augmentation technologies see higher employment growth. These results are in line with the study by Autor et al. (2022). We also find that these findings are robust across different technologies (robots, software, and AI) and across manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. Third, we correlationally link labor productivity, wages, and the fall in aggregate labor share in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain with increasing market concentration. We find that as industry concentration increases, labor productivity and wages also increase, while labor share decreases. One of the much-discussed mechanisms behind this development is the spreading of fixed overhead labor costs over the larger value added by highly productive (superstar) firms (Autor et al., 2017), which, hand-in-hand, gain a larger market share. We follow the empirical approach of Stiel and Schiersch (2022) and test this prediction empirically using firm-level data from CompNet. Our findings show that labor share declines in a non-linear manner with increasing total factor productivity as we approach frontier (superstar) firms. Later, we link these observations with industry-level investment in digital technologies and explore the different effects on productivity, wages, and labor share across the firm size distribution. Our estimates indicate that increases in investment in digital capital or its deepening accelerate productivity and wages for firms operating in the fourth and fifth quintiles of the firm size distribution, but have zero impact on the labor share paid by firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wage inequality consequences of expanding public childcare (2024)

    Riedel, Lukas;

    Zitatform

    Riedel, Lukas (2024): Wage inequality consequences of expanding public childcare. (ZEW discussion paper 24-006), Mannheim, 56 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper assesses the impact of a large expansion of public childcare in Germany on wage inequality. Exploiting regional variation in childcare supply over the 1990s, I show that in regions with stronger increases in childcare, wage inequality among women increased less strongly compared to regions with smaller increases. This is primarily driven by the lower half of the wage distribution and qualitatively similar for full- and part-time workers. Larger expansions in childcare, however, do not contribute to a further closing of the gender wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings assimilation of post-reunification East German migrants in West Germany (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ; Sauer, Irakli;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings assimilation of post-reunification East German migrants in West Germany. In: Labour, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 475-510., 2024-05-13. DOI:10.1111/labr.12279

    Abstract

    "We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990–99). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Sauer, Irakli;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ; Sauer, Irakli;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17148), Bonn, 54 S.

    Abstract

    "We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990-1999). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Sauer, Irakli;
    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ; Sauer, Irakli;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany. (LASER discussion papers 152), Erlangen, 57 S.

    Abstract

    "We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990-1999). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Sauer, Irakli;
    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen

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