EU-Freizügigkeit und Zuwanderung aus Süd- und Osteuropa
Die Mehrheit der Deutschen hält die Freizügigkeit, also das Recht auf freie Wahl des Wohnortes und Arbeitsplatzes innerhalb der EU, für eine der größten Errungenschaften der Europäischen Union. Neben den Einwanderern können - angesichts von Fachkräftebedarf und alternder Bevölkerung - auch Wirtschaft und Sozialsysteme der Mitgliedstaaten profitieren. Was wissen wir über Größe, Ziele und Zusammensetzung der Wanderungsströme? Wie steht es um Kosten und Nutzen der Erwerbsmigration in den Zielländern?
Dieses Themendossier stellt Literaturnachweise zu wissenschaftlichen Befunden und Links zu weiterführenden Informationen und Positionen politischer Akteure zusammen. Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Einwanderung nach Deutschland: Viele Hochqualifizierte, aber auch viele Ungelernte (2020)
Zitatform
Seibert, Holger & Rüdiger Wapler (2020): Einwanderung nach Deutschland: Viele Hochqualifizierte, aber auch viele Ungelernte. (IAB-Kurzbericht 08/2020), Nürnberg, 12 S.
Abstract
"In den vergangenen Jahren lag die Zahl der Einwanderer nach Deutschland deutlich über dem langjährigen Durchschnitt. Hauptgründe hierfür sind die günstigen Arbeitsmarktbedingungen, die Einführung der Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit und der Anstieg der Fluchtmigration. Im Vergleich zur Phase der Gastarbeiteranwerbung und des Familiennachzugs in den Jahrzehnten danach sind Eingewanderte heute im Durchschnitt deutlich besser qualifiziert. Dabei wird eine deutliche Polarisierung sichtbar: Ein hoher Akademikeranteil steht einem hohen Anteil an Personen ohne abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung gegenüber. Zwar ist der Akademikeranteil unter den Neueingewanderten mit dem Anstieg der Migration seit 2010 gesunken, er liegt aber immer noch deutlich höher als in der Bevölkerung ohne Migrationshintergrund. Die Autoren untersuchen, wie sich die Qualifikationsstruktur und die nationale Zusammensetzung der Neueingewanderten seit 2005 verändert haben und wie dies mit ihren Erwerbsaussichten zusammenhängt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Qualifikationsstruktur nach Migrationsstatus und Herkunftsregion
- Herkunftsregion der Personen mit Migrationshintergrund insgesamt im Vergleich zu Neueingewanderten
- Vollzeitquoten nach Migrationsstatus, beruflicher Qualifikation und Herkunftsregion
- Qualifikationsstruktur von Neueingewanderten
- Erwerbstätigenquoten nach Migrationsstatus, beruflicher Qualifikation und Herkunftsregion
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Literaturhinweis
Freedom of movement, social rights and residence-based conditionality in the European Union (2019)
Zitatform
Bruzelius, Cecilia (2019): Freedom of movement, social rights and residence-based conditionality in the European Union. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 70-83. DOI:10.1177/0958928718756262
Abstract
"This article stresses the need to study how European Union (EU) member states define and implement the concept of habitual residence to assess boundaries of welfare in the EU. It focuses specifically on EU migrant citizens' social rights and draws on comparative qualitative research on two EU member states - Germany and Sweden. The article first clarifies the differences between legal and habitual residence, and distinguishes between legal definitions of habitual residence and administrative formalities tied to such definitions. After examining legal definitions at the EU level, it goes on to consider additional definitions found in each member state case and administrative formalities attached to these definitions. Following this, implications for EU migrant citizens' social rights in each country are assessed. The analysis reveals how administrative processes of residence registration shape conditionality. In this way, administrative aspects of habitual residence can have far-reaching exclusive effects on EU migrant citizens' access to social benefits and services in the destination member state, as well as inhibit their ability to enjoy their right to freedom of movement. The article thus illustrates the inherent tension between free movement and residence-based social rights in a Union with devolved social provision." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'High-skilled good, low-skilled bad?' British, Polish and Romanian attitudes towards low-skilled EU migration (2019)
Bulat, Alexandra;Zitatform
Bulat, Alexandra (2019): 'High-skilled good, low-skilled bad?' British, Polish and Romanian attitudes towards low-skilled EU migration. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 248, H. 1, S. R49-R57. DOI:10.1177/002795011924800113
Abstract
"A new skills-based immigration system, with a preference for the highly-skilled, is central to UK policy debates in the Brexit context, arguably responding to majority public opinion on migration. Through qualitative fieldwork with British, Polish and Romanian citizens living in two local authorities in England, this paper shows what participants understand by 'low-skilled' and how there is broad support of those who 'contribute', but are 'controlled' at the same time. Migrants' narratives of downskilling also illustrate why the category of 'low-skilled' migration needs to be seen through a more critical lens in research and policymaking." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
2018 annual report on intra-EU labour mobility: Final report December 2018 (2019)
Fries-Tersch, Elena; Markowska, Agnieszka; Jones, Matthew; Tugran, Tugce;Zitatform
Fries-Tersch, Elena, Tugce Tugran, Agnieszka Markowska & Matthew Jones (2019): 2018 annual report on intra-EU labour mobility. Final report December 2018. (... annual report on intra-EU labour mobility / European Commission), Luxembourg, 194 S. DOI:10.2767/25927
Abstract
"The annual report on intra-EU labour mobility provides updated information on labormobility trends in EU and EFTA countries. Annual developments in stocks and flows are analyzed in the perspective of longer-term trends. The analysis considers the mobility of all working-age citizens (20-64 years) as well as the mobility of those who are active (employed and unemployed). The report also looks at indicators of economic integration of mobile citizens, such as employment/unemployment rates and occupations. This year, two specific topics on the qualifications and the household composition of the EU-28 movers are further analyzed. The two main data sources used are Eurostat population and migration statistics – for mobility of all citizens – and the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for the analysis of mobility of active citizens and economic integration. For methodological reasons estimated numbers of EU movers differ." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-skilled employment in a new immigration regime: Challenges and opportunities for business transitions (2019)
Zitatform
Green, Anne (2019): Low-skilled employment in a new immigration regime. Challenges and opportunities for business transitions. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 248, H. 1, S. R17-R27. DOI:10.1177/002795011924800110
Abstract
"In an era of free movement UK employers have had ready access to a supply of labour from the European Union to fill low-skilled jobs. This has enabled them to adopt business models, operating within broader supply chains, that take advantage of this source of labour and the flexibility that many migrant workers - especially those who are new arrivals to the UK - are prepared to offer them. Drawing mainly on evidence from employers on the role of migrant workers in selected sectors with a substantial proportion of low-skilled jobs, this article explores the challenges and opportunities they face in transitioning to a new post-Brexit immigration regime." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of EU Eastern enlargement on urban growth and decline: new insights from Germany's Eastern border (2019)
Zitatform
Heider, Bastian (2019): The impact of EU Eastern enlargement on urban growth and decline. New insights from Germany's Eastern border. In: Papers in regional science, Jg. 98, H. 3, S. 1443-1468. DOI:10.1111/pirs.12407
Abstract
"This paper uses the quasi-experimental setting of the 2004 EU enlargement, as well as town-level data along the affected German border, to estimate the effect of economic integration on border town population development. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the accession has had a significant positive effect on the rate of population change after 2004. However, this does not offset the, generally, poorer population development of border towns compared to interior towns. Moreover, the integration effect appears to strongly depend on initial local conditions. No effects were found for Polish towns on the opposite side of the border." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Explaining spatial patterns of foreign employment in Germany (2019)
Zitatform
Lehmann, Robert & Wolfgang Nagl (2019): Explaining spatial patterns of foreign employment in Germany. In: Regional Studies. Journal of the Regional Studies Association, Jg. 53, H. 7, S. 991-1003. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2018.1515479
Abstract
"This paper investigates the main determinants of the representation of foreign employees across German regions. Since migration determinants are not necessarily the same for workers of different nationalities, spatial patterns are explained not only for total foreign employment but also for the 35 most important migration countries to Germany. Based on a total census for all 402 German districts, the paper starts by showing the spatial distributions of workers with different nationalities and explains the emerging patterns by spatial error models. Although large heterogeneity in determinants across nationalities are found, similarities between country groups prevail. Economic conditions matter for most nationalities, whereas the importance of amenities and openness differ." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo working paper , 6356 -
Literaturhinweis
Does it pay to study abroad? Evidence from Poland (2019)
Zitatform
Liwiński, Jacek (2019): Does it pay to study abroad? Evidence from Poland. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 40, H. 3, S. 525-555. DOI:10.1108/IJM-11-2017-0305
Abstract
"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of international student mobility (ISM) on the first wages of tertiary education graduates in Poland.
Design/methodology/approach: The author uses data from the nationwide tracer survey of Polish graduates (2007 Graduate Tracer Study) and regresses the hourly net wage rate of salaried workers in their first job after graduating from a higher education institution on a rich set of individual characteristics. In order to reduce the bias due to selection to ISM, the author includes a set of variables representing abilities and skills, characteristics of studies, and international experience as control variables. The author addresses the possible selection to employment bias by using the Heckman correction.
Findings: After controlling for observed heterogeneity, the author finds that Polish graduates who studied abroad for at least one month earn on average 22 per cent more in their first job than those who studied in Poland only. However, the author also finds that this wage premium is explained by international economic migration after graduation. Studying abroad brings a wage premium only if it is followed by working abroad. Those who perform their first job in Poland do not obtain any wage premium from ISM.
Originality/value: The main contribution of the paper is that it identifies international economic migration after graduation as another mechanism explaining why those who studied abroad earn more." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: GLO discussion paper , 150 -
Literaturhinweis
Free movement of people and cross-border welfare in the European Union: dynamic rules, limited outcomes (2019)
Zitatform
Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg, Gabriel Pons Rotger & Jessica Sampson Thierry (2019): Free movement of people and cross-border welfare in the European Union. Dynamic rules, limited outcomes. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 84-99. DOI:10.1177/0958928718767300
Abstract
"For decades, the European legislators and the Court of Justice have extended the rights to free movement and cross-border welfare in the European Union (EU). Strong assumptions on the impact of these rules have been made. It has been held by some that they will lead to welfare migration and thus to be a fundamental challenge to the welfare state. However, studies of how these rules are implemented and what become the de facto outcomes hereof remain scarce. We address this research gap, by examining domestic responses to and outcomes of dynamic EU rules. We based our research on a unique set of administrative data for all EU citizens living in the universalist, tax-financed welfare state of Denmark between 2002 and 2013. We find that domestic responses have been restrictive and outcomes limited." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Relational ambivalence: Exploring the social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence: The case of Turkish aging labor migrants (2019)
Zitatform
Palmberger, Monika (2019): Relational ambivalence: Exploring the social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence. The case of Turkish aging labor migrants. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 1/2, S. 74-90. DOI:10.1177/0020715219832918
Abstract
"Many of Vienna's labor migrants who entered Austria as so-called 'guest workers' together with their spouses long nurtured the dream of returning to their country of origin, at the latest when they retired. By then, however, returning became less than straightforward leading to ambivalence regarding questions of belonging/return and transnational mobility and late-life care. Based on rich qualitative data, in this article, I show that ambivalences are found in the complexity of migrants' narratives, particularly in the way they (1) reassess past choices, (2) negotiate feelings of belonging, and (3) assess future options for late life and care. I argue that the social dimension of ambivalence, which I term 'relational ambivalence,' is crucial to understanding the labor migrants' experiences, reflections, and choices. The analysis shows that ambivalence must be understood as a product of relationships rather than solely an individual experience. The concept of relational ambivalence captures these social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence. The article ultimately carves out the particularity of ambivalence in the general context of migration and in the specific context of Vienna's labor migrants, while accepting feelings of ambivalence or the simultaneity of different, opposing positions in one and the same person as a core human experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work and welfare take-up of enlargement migrants in the United Kingdom (2019)
Zitatform
Roman, Monica (2019): Work and welfare take-up of enlargement migrants in the United Kingdom. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 26, H. 5, S. 341-344. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2018.1470311
Abstract
"The Brexit decision was affected by the false perception that European Union (EU) enlargement migration, in particular from Romania and Bulgaria (EU2), has been a burden to the UK. The article analyses the debated but largely underresearched EU2 migration to the UK after accession to the EU in 2007 using data of the British Labour Force Survey. The novel findings are that EU2 migrants are found to exhibit quite different characteristics and behaviour than the other European migrants while doing better concerning work, self-employment and welfare take-up." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Access to general social protection for immigrants in advanced democracies (2019)
Zitatform
Schmitt, Carina & Céline Teney (2019): Access to general social protection for immigrants in advanced democracies. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 44-55. DOI:10.1177/0958928718768365
Abstract
"Immigration has become a central socio-political issue in most advanced democracies. While research mainly focuses on immigrant-specific policies in the area of immigration, integration and citizenship, we still know very little about the incorporation of immigrants into mainstream social policies. By analysing cross-national differences in the inclusion of immigrants into general social protection across 27 rich democracies on the basis of comparative indicators from the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) dataset, we seek to address this gap in a quantitative study. A cross-national comparison of these indicators shows a particularly large variation in the inclusiveness of the access to social protection for immigrants across countries. By drawing on the welfare state and integration regime literature, we assess the power of two contrasting perspectives, namely, the post-national welfare state and the welfare chauvinism models, in explaining this large cross-national variation in immigrants' access to social security and social housing. Our overall findings suggest that both the welfare chauvinist and the post-national welfare state models comprise two theoretical perspectives that turn out to be fruitful to interpret cross-national variation in immigrants' access to social protection. According to the welfare chauvinism model, we find robust evidence that left-wing cabinets are particularly reluctant to open general social protection schemes to immigrants. By contrast and in line with expectations derived from the post-national welfare state model, countries with an overall generous welfare state and countries facing large immigration flows tend to provide immigrants with more generous access to social protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Settlement or Mobility? Immigrants' Re-migration Decision-Making Process in a High-Income Country Setting (2019)
Zitatform
Steiner, Ilka (2019): Settlement or Mobility? Immigrants' Re-migration Decision-Making Process in a High-Income Country Setting. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 20, H. 1, S. 223-245. DOI:10.1007/s12134-018-0602-0
Abstract
"In the context of important migration flows within the EU/EFTA countries, understanding the process of migration decision-making is central to better comprehending current migration patterns in today's legal context of free movement of persons. By means of newly collected survey data, this paper examines the emigration intentions and plans of German immigrants living in Switzerland. This migrant group presents a lower duration of residence at emigration than other nationalities and is highly educated and integrated in the labour market. The results show that labour market considerations prevail over family obligations. Furthermore, they confirm the heterogeneity between groups regarding emigration intentions, a finding that cannot be confirmed for emigration planning. Moreover, whereas emigration intentions are explained by perceived opportunity differentials and wishful thinking between the place of residence and the destination, emigration planning is based on real opportunities. Migration policy and, more specifically, integration policy have a small impact on emigration, since planning an emigration is triggered by external or personal factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should I stay or should I go? What we can learn from working patterns of Central and Eastern European labour migrants about the nature of present-day migration (2019)
Zitatform
Stockmeijer, Anita, Paul de Beer & Jaco Dagevos (2019): Should I stay or should I go? What we can learn from working patterns of Central and Eastern European labour migrants about the nature of present-day migration. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 45, H. 13, S. 2430-2446. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1562326
Abstract
"In this paper, we examine the extent to which the employment histories of Central and Eastern EU (CEE) labour migrants exhibit patterns of temporary, circular or settlement migration. We expect to find these diverse and changeable patterns following the phenomenon of 'New European Migration'. By distinguishing between working patterns we are able to describe actual migration behaviour to the destination country more accurately. We use wage data to track a cohort of all employees who worked in the Netherlands in June 2010, for a period of five years. Our findings show that the majority of CEE labour migrants stopped working as employees in the Netherlands within five years, mostly after an uninterrupted single period of employment. In addition, a third of CEE labour migrants engage in settlement migration, working continuously in the Netherlands for a long period. Only a very small proportion can be considered as circular migrants. This contradicts our expectations regarding New European Migration, that there would be fewer labour migrants with uninterrupted periods of work and more labour migrants working for shorter periods." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From culture to class-legitimate boundary making in German immigration debates on Southern and Eastern Europeans (2019)
Zitatform
Ulbricht, Christian (2019): From culture to class-legitimate boundary making in German immigration debates on Southern and Eastern Europeans. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 7, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40878-019-0133-7
Abstract
"The article depicts symbolic boundary making in the German discourse on immigration. The analysis addresses the question of how wanted and unwanted immigrants are socially constructed and thereby differentiated in this discourse. The media analysis from 2008 to 2014 of so-called poverty migration from Rumania and Bulgaria and so-called new guest workers from Greece, Italy and Spain suggest that boundary making against these immigrants shifts from ethnicity and religion to an individual class-based approach. In this respect, the article discusses how a strong human rights discourse makes a dominant individualistic class-based definition of (un-) wanted immigration more likely. However, the analysis also shows that this construction of desirability refers to the ethnicity of the immigrants. In this sense, ethnic boundary making is stable in a liberal-universalistic context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Europäische Arbeitsbehörde und Reform der EU-Entsenderichtlinie - Wirksame Instrumente zur grenzüberschreitenden Bekämpfung von Lohn- und Sozialdumping? (2019)
Zitatform
Wagner, Bettina (2019): Europäische Arbeitsbehörde und Reform der EU-Entsenderichtlinie - Wirksame Instrumente zur grenzüberschreitenden Bekämpfung von Lohn- und Sozialdumping? In: WISO, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 11-25.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Einführung der Europäischen Arbeitsbehörde sowie der Reform der Entsenderichtlinie und analysiert diese Maßnahmen in Hinblick auf ihre Wirksamkeit in der Bekämpfung von Sozialdumping. In der EU ansässige Firmen haben das Recht, grenzübergreifend Dienstleistungen anzubieten und zur Ausführung der Tätigkeiten eigene Arbeitnehmer/-innen zu entsenden. Diese Freiheiten werden seit vielen Jahren intensiv, aber nicht immer nur zum Vorteil der betroffenen Arbeitnehmer/-innen angewandt und wurden seitdem durch eine Vielzahl von Richtlinien und Verordnungen ausgelegt und erweitert. Die Spannungsfelder und Interessenkonflikte, die sich zwischen den Akteuren/-innen auftun und wie diese innerhalb einer ständig wachsenden Europäischen Union verhandelt werden und werden sollten, ist ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags" (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)
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Literaturhinweis
Estimates of global bilateral migration flows by gender between 1960 and 2015 (2018)
Abel, Guy J.;Zitatform
Abel, Guy J. (2018): Estimates of global bilateral migration flows by gender between 1960 and 2015. In: International migration review, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 809-852. DOI:10.1177/0197918318781842
Abstract
"An indirect estimation method is used to derive country to country migration flows from changes in global bilateral stock data. Estimates are obtained over five- and 10-year periods between 1960 and 2015 by gender, providing a comprehensive picture of past migration patterns. The estimated total of global international migrant flows generally increases over the 55-year time frame. The global rate of migration over five- and 10-year periods fluctuate at around 0.65 and 1.25 percent of the population, respectively. The sensitivity of estimates to alternative input stock and demographic data are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Has Eastern European migration impacted UK-born workers? (2018)
Becker Sascha O., ; Fetzer, Thiemo;Zitatform
Fetzer, Thiemo (2018): Has Eastern European migration impacted UK-born workers? (Warwick economic research papers 1165), Coventry, 17 S.
Abstract
"The 2004 accession of 8 Eastern European countries to the European Union (EU) was accompanied by fears of mass migration. The United Kingdom - unlike many other EU countries - did not opt for temporary restrictions on the EU's free movement of labour. We document that following EU accession more than 1 million people (ca. 3% of the UK working age population) migrated from Eastern Europe to the UK. We show that they mostly settled in places that had limited prior exposure to immigration. We provide evidence that these areas subsequently saw smaller wage growth at the lower end of the wage distribution and increased pressure on the welfare state, housing and public services. Using novel geographically disaggregated data by country-of-origin, we measure the effects of Eastern European migration on these outcomes for the UK-born and different groups of immigrants. Our results are important in the context of the UK's Brexit referendum and the ongoing EU withdrawal negotiations in which migration features as a key issue." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor (2018)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann, Steffen Sirries & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2018): Zuwanderungsmonitor. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 7 S.
Abstract
Der monatlich erscheinende Zuwanderungsmonitor analysiert Zuwanderung, Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und SGB-II-Hilfequote dieser Personengruppen:
EU-28: Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union seit 01. Juli 2013
EU-2: Beitrittsstaaten vom 01. Januar 2007: Bulgarien und Rumänien.
EU-8: Beitrittsstaaten vom 01. Mai 2004: Estland, Lettland, Litauen, Polen, Slowenien, Slowakei, Tschechien, und Ungarn.
EU-4: die südeuropäischen Mitgliedsstaaten: Griechenland, Italien, Portugal und Spanien.
Balkanstaaten: Albanien, Bosnien-Herzegowina, Kosovo, Mazedonien, Montenegro und Serbien.
Kriegs- und Krisenländer: Afghanistan, Eritrea, Irak, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia und Syrien. (IAB)Weiterführende Informationen
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Dezember 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Mai 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor November 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor April 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor September 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor März 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Juli 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Februar 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Oktober 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Januar 2018
- Zuwanderungsmonitor Juni 2018
- Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB
- Zuwanderungsmonitor August 2018
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Literaturhinweis
Highly skilled labour migration in Europe (2018)
Burmann, Martina; Hoffmann, Vanessa; Hofbauer Perez, Maria; Schworm, Sebastian; Rhode, Carla;Zitatform
Burmann, Martina, Maria Hofbauer Perez, Vanessa Hoffmann, Carla Rhode & Sebastian Schworm (2018): Highly skilled labour migration in Europe. In: ifo DICE report, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 42-52.
Abstract
"Along with globalisation, the intensity of movement of people has increased and economic activity has become increasingly interconnected. As our societies are more and more knowledge-based, countries are reliant on highly skilled workers as they drive innovation and development and enable nations to position themselves successfully in the competitive global economy. In the light of population ageing and skill shortages, attracting highly skilled workers has become an important task of countries worldwide. In Europe in particular, demographic change and a lack of skilled labour are prompting governments to introduce direct measures to actively recruit economic migrants, especially highly skilled workers. Since most countries in Europe face similar challenges, highly skilled migrants from third countries are particularly important. In the following sections, we will first present a descriptive overview of migration flows into the EU as a whole, as well as into individual EU countries, differentiating by visa type. We also provide some descriptive evidence for skill shortages in the EU economies. Afterwards we will outlay a major supranational labour migration policy, the EU Blue Card, which was introduced in 2009, as well as selected national migration policies aimed at attracting skilled migrants from third countries. We will also compare labour migration policies in the EU with those in place in selected non-EU countries. In addition to attracting new workers, recent international student graduates also constitute a potential pool of highly skilled workers. Designing policies that allow graduates to transition from their studies into the host-countries' labour market offers another way of building and strengthening a country's highly skilled labour pool. Such policies will be investigated in the last section." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))