Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf
Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM): Entgeltsystematik und Übergang in den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt (2024)
Zitatform
(2024): Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM). Entgeltsystematik und Übergang in den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. (Sachstand / Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste), Berlin, 15 S.
Abstract
"In der folgenden Arbeit soll auf ausgewählte Aspekte zu Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen eingegangen werden. Dabei sollen hier insbesondere Fragen zu den Aufgaben der Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen, zur Entgeltsystematik, zum Verhältnis von Einkommen aus der Arbeit in der Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen und Sozialleistungen zur Sicherung des Lebensunterhalts sowie zum Wechsel von einer Tätigkeit in einer entsprechenden Werkstatt in den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt näher betrachtet werden. Schließlich werden ausgewählte statistische Angaben, etwa zur Anzahl von in Deutschland bestehenden Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen und den hier Beschäftigten, dargestellt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Forschen mit Sehbehinderung: Die Herausforderungen bleiben groß (Serie "Inklusion - eine Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Praxis") (2023)
Zitatform
Abend, Sonja (2023): Forschen mit Sehbehinderung: Die Herausforderungen bleiben groß (Serie "Inklusion - eine Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Praxis"). In: IAB-Forum H. 13.06.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230613.01
Abstract
"Forschungseinrichtungen können ähnlich wie Unternehmen von divers zusammengesetzten Teams profitieren. Dies gilt auch und gerade für Menschen mit Behinderung. Technische Arbeitshilfen erleichtern heute die Inklusion in Bildungssystem und Arbeitsmarkt zwar erheblich. Dennoch bedarf es etwa in der Wissenschaft zusätzlicher Anstrengungen, nicht zuletzt finanzieller Art, um tatsächlich gleiche Zugangs- und Teilhabechancen zu gewährleisten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Dekolonialisierung des Wissens: Eine partizipative Studie zu Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen (2023)
Zitatform
Afeworki Abay, Robel (2023): Dekolonialisierung des Wissens: Eine partizipative Studie zu Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 342 S. DOI:10.18452/27507
Abstract
"Die voranschreitende Geopolitik geht mit komplexen Formen epistemischer Gewalt eurozentristischer Wissensordnungen einher. Diese zeigt sich auch in der Weitertradierung komplexitätsreduzierender Wissensproduktion sowohl über Behinderung als auch über Migration/Flucht: Es wird wiederholt über die Betroffenen, statt mit ihnen gesprochen. Robel Afeworki Abay widmet sich der Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen und beleuchtet aus postkolonialen und intersektionalen Perspektiven die Zugangsbarrieren und Bewältigungsressourcen der Betroffenen. In seiner partizipativen Studie legt er dar, dass epistemische Gewalt hierbei als konstitutiver Bestandteil der Kolonialität des Wissens fungiert." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Langzeitarchivierung Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Labour market integration of disability insurance benefit applicants in Switzerland: Evidence from linked survey and administrative data (2023)
Altwicker-Hámori, Szilvia;Zitatform
Altwicker-Hámori, Szilvia (2023): Labour market integration of disability insurance benefit applicants in Switzerland. Evidence from linked survey and administrative data. In: Alter - European Journal of Disability Research, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 69-86.
Abstract
"The increased labor market participation of individuals with disabilities remains a key policy priority for European governments. This study therefore aimed to examine factors promoting the labor market integration of disability insurance benefit (DB) applicants and those entitled to integration and occupational measures in Switzerland. A novel dataset was created via linking the 2018 Swiss Labor Force Survey (SLFS) to administrative register data (2000-2017). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between demographic, socioeconomic, health, and regional characteristics and economic activity in working-age DB applicants (N=9,309) and those entitled to integration and occupational measures (N=5,753). Being male, living with an employed partner, having upper secondary or tertiary education, and being able to participate in the SLFS in the language of the language region of residence were associated with higher odds of economic activity. Higher odds of economic activity were also found for those not reporting long-term health-related activity limitations or chronic morbidity and for younger age groups. Individuals residing in the Lake Geneva Region and Ticino were less likely to be economically active relative to their counterparts living in Espace Mittelland. Most importantly, the results imply that education beyond the lower secondary level as well as language proficiency are essential for the economic activity of DB applicants and those entitled to integration and occupational measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen (2023)
Auer, Eva;Zitatform
Auer, Eva (2023): Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen. (AMS-Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich), Wien, 6 S.
Abstract
"Im Jahr 2022 waren insgesamt 76.653 Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen arbeitslos vorgemerkt oder in Schulungsmaßnahmen, 15.611 bzw. 16,9% weniger als im Jahresdurchschnitt 2021. Auch im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019 ging die Zahl der Personen mit Beeinträchtigungen mit minus 10,6% deutlich zurück. Rund 18% der vorgemerkten Personen hatten eine Behinderung gemäß Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz oder Landesbehindertengesetz bzw. einen Behindertenpass. Die restlichen 82% der arbeitslos Vorgemerkten bzw. Schulungsteilnehmer_innen mit gesundheitlichen Problemen erbrachten den Nachweis der eingeschränkten Vermittelbarkeit durch ein (fach)ärztliches Gutachten. „Erfreulicherweise konnte auch die Gruppe der arbeitssuchenden Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen von der guten Konjunktur des Jahres 2022 profitieren. Trotzdem bleibt die Jobsuche für Betroffene alles andere als einfach. Das zeigt sich daran, dass sie im Schnitt fast doppelt so lange einen Job suchen. Unternehmen mit Personalbedarf kann ich – insbesondere in dieser Arbeitsmarktlage – dringend empfehlen, bewusst auch in dieser Personengruppe ihre nächsten Mitarbeiter_innen zu suchen.“ so Johannes Kopf, Vorstandsmitglied." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Predicting stable employment trajectories among young people with disabilities (2023)
Zitatform
Ballo, Jannike Gottschalk & Andreea Ioana Alecu (2023): Predicting stable employment trajectories among young people with disabilities. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 408-425. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2254271
Abstract
"Research aiming to explain disabled people's inequalities in the labour market has primarily focused on transitional factors between school and work, wage gaps, or socioeconomic background characteristics as explanations for (no-)entry in the labour market. There is a lack of longitudinal studies that map how disabled people fare in the labour market over time. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify, describe and predict stable employment paths of long-term disabled people. Our study employs detailed longitudinal data with total coverage of the Norwegian population - we focus on 11 birth cohorts (1973-83) of disabled individuals and we follow their employment trajectories between the ages 20 and 34. To describe employment trajectories and create a typology of longitudinal labour market attachments, we employ sequence analysis and subsequently linear probability models to analyse the association between the disability's severity, gender, educational enrolment, early-work experience and employment trajectories. We identify four main types of trajectories: permanently work-disabled, stable employment, early marginalisation, and unstable employment. Our findings indicate that men are more likely than women to have stable employment trajectories. Starting higher education, as well as parental higher education, is linked with the likelihood of stable employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working conditions and disabilities in French workers: a career-long retrospective study (2023)
Zitatform
Barnay, Thomas & Éric Defebvre (2023): Working conditions and disabilities in French workers: a career-long retrospective study. (HAL open science), Paris, 22 S. DOI:10.15609/annaeconstat2009
Abstract
"This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on disabilities in France. Using a rebuilt retrospective lifelong panel and defining indicators for physical and psychosocial strains, we implement a mixed econometric strategy relying on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. For men and women, deleterious effects of both types of working conditions on disability after exposure are found, with varying patterns of impacts according to the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify not only policies being enacted early in individuals' careers in order to prevent subsequent mid-career health repercussions, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: Erudite Working Paper, 2021-14 -
Literaturhinweis
Work strains and disabilities in French workers: A career-long retrospective study (2023)
Zitatform
Barnay, Thomas & Éric Defebvre (2023): Work strains and disabilities in French workers: A career-long retrospective study. In: Labour, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 385-408. DOI:10.1111/labr.12252
Abstract
"This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on the self-reported disabilities in France. Using a retrospective lifelong panel, we implement a mixed econometric strategy that relies on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. Deleterious effects from exposure on disability are found, depending on the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify policies being enacted early in individuals' careers, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment (2023)
Zitatform
Bjørnshagen, Vegar, Dan-Olof Rooth & Elisabeth Ugreninov (2023): Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16217), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"This article examines disability discrimination in the hiring process and explores variation in how the intersection of disability and gender shapes employers' hiring behavior by occupational context and gender segregation. We use data from a field experiment in which approximately 2,000 job applications with randomly assigned information about disability were sent to Swedish employers with vacancies. We find that nondisabled applicants receive 33 percent more callbacks than similarly qualified wheelchair users despite applying for jobs where the impairment should not interfere with performance. The results indicate no heterogeneity in levels of disability discrimination against men and women on average across occupations or by occupational gender segregation. However, levels of discrimination differ considerably among occupations, varying from no evidence of disability discrimination to discrimination against both disabled men and disabled women as well as cases where disability discrimination is found only against women or only against men. The results thus indicate that disability and gender interact and shape discrimination in distinct ways within particular contexts, which we relate to intersectional stereotyping and norms of gender equality influencing hiring practices but not to declared ambitions for diversity or gender equality legislation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives (2023)
Zitatform
Coll, Catherine & Karim Mignonac (2023): Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 10, S. 2039-2073. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2022.2054284
Abstract
"In this article, we combine insights from basic psychological needs theory and the social identity approach to propose that perceptions of organizational support enhance the basic need satisfaction of employees with disabilities, which yields higher levels of task performance. We also suggest that disability group identification strengthens this mediational process. We tested our hypotheses with two quantitative field studies that were conducted in France and based on matched employee-supervisor data. Using a sample of employees working in companies that specialize in the employment of persons with disabilities, Study 1 aimed to provide initial evidence for the mediating role of basic need satisfaction. Study 2 aimed to replicate the findings of Study 1 in less specific contexts while testing the moderating role of disability group identification. Next, the methodological limitations of these investigations were addressed in two quantitative post hoc studies. The results of these studies support our model and generate new knowledge about whether, why and when the perception of favorable treatment contributes to the job performance of employees with disabilities. We also discuss the practical implications of our findings and provide suggestions for human resources managers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals (2023)
Zitatform
Dinan, Shannon & Normand Boucher (2023): Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 719-739. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000878
Abstract
"This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers (2023)
Falkstedt, Daniel ; Selander, Jenny ; Bodin, Theo ; Albin, Maria; Almroth, Melody ; Kjellberg, Katarina ; Hemmingsson, Tomas ; Gustavsson, Per ; D'Errico, Angelo;Zitatform
Falkstedt, Daniel, Melody Almroth, Tomas Hemmingsson, Angelo D'Errico, Maria Albin, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Per Gustavsson & Katarina Kjellberg (2023): Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1137-1147. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4
Abstract
"Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose–response shape of the associations, and potential confounding efects of physical workload. Methods: Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-of. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose–response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation (2023)
Zitatform
Fogelgren, Mattias, Petra Ornstein, Magnus Rödin & Peter Skogman Thoursie (2023): Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 452-487. DOI:10.3368/jhr.58.4.0319-10105R2
Abstract
"This paper reports results from a large-scale randomized experiment evaluating whether a supported employment rehabilitation intervention strategy can improve labor market opportunities for young adults on disability pension better than regular vocational rehabilitation. The supported employment intervention utilizes a caseworker as back-up for the individual during training to reduce employers' risks when hiring an individual with unclear productivity. In total, 1,062 individuals were randomly assigned between interventions. The main results show that 18 months after the start of the project, participants with supported employment have work rates that are approximately 10 percentage points higher than participants who received regular rehabilitation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European comparative data on persons with disabilities: Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021 (2023)
Grammenos, Stefanos;Zitatform
Grammenos, Stefanos (2023): European comparative data on persons with disabilities. Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021. Brussels, 218 S. DOI:10.2767/747690
Abstract
"As noted, in the framework for the Strategic Plan 2020-2024, the DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion defined a set of impact indicators which are relevant to the socio-economic field. Furthermore, the recovery and resilience plans12 ought to identify relevant indicators to monitor the contribution of the Facility to the reduction of disparities. The indicators can be selected from among those regularly used to report on cohesion policy overall, such as: the unemployment and employment rate, including youth unemployment and employment, the EU social scoreboard and indicators on the performance of education and training systems. In the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, auxiliary indicators include: employment; long-term unemployment rate; activity rate; youth unemployment rate; young people neither in employment nor in education and training; people at risk of poverty or social exclusion; people at risk of poverty after social transfers; severely materially deprived people; and people living in households with very low work intensity. The next harmonised benchmark revisions are planned for 2024. It is important to assess the situation of persons with disabilities in relation to these quantitative indicators. The indicators ought to identify any gap between persons with and without disabilities and reveal any convergence or divergence in relation to the targets. An increasing gap or divergence ought to signal the need for new initiatives. In its capacity, EDE presents and analyses data in order to understand and illustrate the situation of persons with disabilities in Europe. This statistical analysis could be used as an instrument to monitor the effectiveness of national and European policies; assess the situation of persons with and without disabilities; and identify areas where the gap between persons with and without disabilities is decreasing (or increasing)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness (2023)
Zitatform
Hardoy, Ines & Kristine von Simson (2023): Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 592-607. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2289952
Abstract
"Mental disorders threaten the chances of finishing secondary school and can hinder the school-to-work transitions of afflicted youths. Earlier onset depression predicts the chronicity, recurrence, and severity of episodes throughout life. Using rich, objective mental health data and a battery of variables covering personal and family characteristics, we investigate the impact of Norway’s vocational rehabilitation programs on youths aged 18–23 who are registered as unemployed. Our results indicate that the impact vary with mental health in adolescence, a variable often unavailable in such analyses. Separate analyses for age group 19–21 and 20–23 show that the younger ones with previous diagnosed mental disorders were likely to pursue further education after participating in programs providing work practice; those with no earlier diagnosed mental disorders were prone to pursue ordinary education after completing a training program. For the older age cohorts, aged 20–23, vocational rehabilitation programmes seem counterproductive, irrespective of program type and of whether they were diagnosed with mental health problems in adolescence or not." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality: Germany: with comparative data Annex provided by EDE (2023)
Zitatform
Hirschberg, Marianne & Felix Welti (2023): European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality: Germany. With comparative data Annex provided by EDE. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 46 S. DOI:10.2767/50356
Abstract
"The participation of persons with disabilities in the labor market in Germany is still low and unemployment is high in comparison to other groups. More than 300 000 persons with disabilities are employed in sheltered workshops. They do not have full labor rights, in particular there is no minimum wage, but a reform of sheltered workshop payments has been announced. Their transition rate to the general labor market is very low. There are efforts to increase transition options to the general labor market through the budget for work and the budget for vocational training and through supported employment and single contact units for employers. Still, the effectiveness of these efforts has to be improved. A quota system with a levy for non-compliance is in force. However, many enterprises fail to employ 5 % of persons with severe disabilities as required. The coalition parties in the new Government have announced a rise in the levy for enterprises which do not employ any persons with severe disabilities. A general right to reasonable workplace accommodation and effective workplace accessibility regulations are still lacking. (...) Recent reforms of healthcare and rehabilitation will improve accessibility and specialised services. However, these efforts have not yet been successful enough. A national action plan for an inclusive, accessible and diverse healthcare system has been announced. The division between the public and private health insurance systems is still a problem for persons with disabilities. Equal access and non-discrimination in private health insurance are not properly regulated. Pensions for people with a reduced earning capacity are often insufficient to guarantee a minimum living standard. Recent reforms from 2014 to 2019 have only supported new pensioners. An additional reform will now also increase pensions for those who were pensioners with reduced earning capacity before 2014. The Federal Participation Law of 2018 and 2020 aimed to support deinstitutionalisation. However, there are still disadvantages, especially for people who need long-term care. (...) A completely inclusive school system has still not been achieved. Reforms in the Länder include responsibility to close special schools and to invest in inclusive schools but they are proceeding very slowly. Reasonable accommodation and accessibility in the educational system are still inadequate. (...) The National Reform Program (NRP) 2022 focuses on work transition programs, including single contact points for employers and innovative rehabilitation programs. The NRP 2022 includes a national accessibility programme, which is oriented towards accessible mobility, housing, healthcare and private life." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Gesamtbericht: European Semester 2022 - mainstreaming disability equality -
Literaturhinweis
The Essential Elements of Customized Employment: Results From a National Survey of Employment Providers (2023)
Zitatform
Inge, Katherine J., Adam P. Sima, Tim Riesen, Paul Wehman & Nancy Brooks-Lane (2023): The Essential Elements of Customized Employment: Results From a National Survey of Employment Providers. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 170-185. DOI:10.1177/00343552221088256
Abstract
"Customized employment (CE) is designed to meet the specific needs and interests of individuals with disabilities as well as the needs of the employer by using flexible strategies at every stage of employment. The objective of this study was to ask U.S. rehabilitation providers who implement these services to describe the current status of CE service delivery. An online survey was administered to employment professionals from agencies within the United States. Participants responded to questions on the unique characteristics of Discovery and job development, current use of CE services, and information on their personal and agency demographics. Results indicate that there is agreement among CE providers on critical Discovery and job development activities, which suggests that providers are regularly accessing information to inform their practice. There appears to be a gap between what respondents identify as critical activities and how well they are being implemented. Recommendations for providing CE training for providers and provisions for individuals with disabilities are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace (2023)
Zitatform
Maddison, Jane, Jenni Brooks, Katherine Graham & Yvonne Birks (2023): 'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1052-1069. DOI:10.1177/09500170221075532
Abstract
"Employment rates in England for disabled people are persistently lower than for non-disabled people. Support from a Workplace Personal Assistant is one way of narrowing this gap. Personal assistance is an empowerment-driven model in which the disabled person controls their support: who provides it, when, how and where. Previous research has focused on the personal assistant role in the home setting. This article draws on data from 32 qualitative interviews in the first UK study to explore personal assistance in the workplace for people with physical and/or sensory impairments. To maintain their enabling role in this external setting, Workplace Personal Assistants needed to strive for occupational invisibility when among the disabled workers’ colleagues: to ‘exist but not exist’. This article examines the Workplace Personal Assistant role as invisible work, applying Hatton’s conceptual framework. The analysis contributes to understanding of workplace personal assistance and ways in which mechanisms can intersect to produce multiple invisibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employment and disability: the case of support for starting a business in Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Norstedt, Maria & Per Germundsson (2023): Self-employment and disability. The case of support for starting a business in Sweden. In: Journal of Comparative Social Work, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 154-179. DOI:10.31265/jcsw.v18i2.658
Abstract
"In many countries, self-employment has become a common strategy for achieving inclusion in the labor market. Studies show that the occurrence of self-employment depends not only on individual motives, but also on existing policies and support. In Sweden, labor market measures to include people with disabilities are primarily organized to achieve inclusion through traditional forms of employment, though one tool offered by the SwedishPublic Employment Service is Support to Start a Business. One part of this support is exclusive to people with disabilities. Although the Swedish Public Employment Service is responsible for this specific support, they collaborate with both external state-funded and non-profit actors who assess applicants’ business ideas. Drawing on the methodological approach of institutional ethnography, this article explores how the in-house frontline workers and external actors describe their professional roles, how they make decisions and what the chain of action looks like at multiple sites. Nine representatives from the various organizations that people can meet with when trying to start and run their own business have taken part in semi-structured interviews. The analysis identifies different institutional practices that overlap when people with disabilities apply for support to start their own business: one focusing on the efficient allocation of resources, and the other on the individual’s social and financial welfare by protecting the individuals these organizations meet with from risks connected to economy and health. These two practices reflect a long-standing conflict between control and support in objectives within both labor market policy and social work. This support of self-employment for people with disabilitiesis organized by actors who traditionally have not been studied in research on social work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Paul, Karsten Ingmar & Alfons Hollederer (2023): Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. In: International journal of environmental research and public health, Jg. 20. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20116036
Abstract
"Not much is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the labor market experiences of people with disabilities. Since they constitute a generally disadvantaged group in the labor market, it is important to scrutinize whether their position has worsened during these difficult times and how they reacted with regard to their job search behavior. We therefore used data for the year 2020 from a large German panel (Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung, PASS), in order to scrutinize the prevalence of unemployment among people with disabilities (N = 739) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors that affected their unemployment status were also analyzed. The study found that people with legally recognized disabilities were more often unemployed than non-disabled people, even when controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, or education. This effect was significant for severe disabilities and marginally significant for minor disabilities. Additionally, the type of disability affected the probability of being unemployed, with cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, and musculoskeletal disorders carrying a higher risk. In terms of job-seeking behavior, unemployed people with disabilities reported using some job search methods more frequently than their non-disabled counterparts. However, the intensity of the job search did not differ significantly between the two groups. Further differences were found when analyzing the reasons for abstinence from searching for a job, with unemployed people with disabilities primarily citing health-related factors (with a frequency of over 90%). In summary, health played a pivotal role in determining disabled people’s labor market experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht