Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational segregation and gender differences in sickness absence: evidence from 17 European countries (2014)
Zitatform
Mastekaasa, Arne & Anne May Melsom (2014): Occupational segregation and gender differences in sickness absence. Evidence from 17 European countries. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 582-594. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcu059
Abstract
"Previous research indicates that women fare less well than men on a wide range of healthrelated measures, including sickness absence from work. Possible explanations are that women have -- on average -- less healthy jobs than men, or that they are more vulnerable to job-related stressors. We address these issues using comparative data on 17 European countries from the EU Labour Force Surveys. Employing logistic regression, we find that gender differences in sickness absence tend to increase if we control for up to 147 detailed occupational categories, thus indicating that women are, if anything, in more healthy jobs than men in most countries. We also examine to what extent the gender differences in sickness absence are systematically related to the gender mix of the occupation, e.g. whether women have particularly high sickness absence in occupations that are strongly male dominated. There is a tendency towards smaller gender differences in female-dominated occupations in a few countries, but in most cases the gender difference is of similar magnitude in female-dominated, male-dominated, and gender-balanced occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Income inequality as a moderator of the relationship between psychological job demands and sickness absence, in particular in men: an international comparison of 23 countries (2014)
Zitatform
Muckenhuber, Johanna, Nathalie Burkert, Franziska Großschädl & Wolfgang Freidl (2014): Income inequality as a moderator of the relationship between psychological job demands and sickness absence, in particular in men. An international comparison of 23 countries. In: PLoS one, Jg. 9, H. 5, S. 1-6. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086845
Abstract
"Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether more sickness absence is reported in countries with higher income inequality than elsewhere, and whether the level of income inequality moderates the association between psychosocial job demands and sickness absence.
Methods: Our analysis is based on the Fifth European Working Conditions Survey that compared 23 European countries. We performed multi-level regression analysis. On the macro-level of analysis we included the Gini-Index as measure of inequality. On the micro-level of analysis we followed the Karasek-Theorell model and included three scales for psychological job demands, physical job demands, and decision latitude in the model. The model was stratified by sex.
Results: We found that, in countries with high income inequality, workers report significantly more sickness absence than workers in countries with low income inequality. In addition we found that the level of income inequality moderates the relationship between psychological job demands and sickness absence. High psychological job demands are significantly more strongly related to more days of sickness absence in countries with low income inequality than in countries with high income inequality.
Conclusions: As the nature and causal pathways of cross-level interaction effects still cannot be fully explained, we argue that future research should aim to explore such causal pathways. In accordance with WHO recommendations we argue that inequalities should be reduced. In addition we state that, particularly in countries with low levels of income inequality, policies should aim to reduce psychological job demands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Occupational profiles in working conditions: Identification of groups with multiple disadvantages (2014)
Zitatform
Peycheva, Darina, Ruud Wetzels, Agnès Parent-Thirion & Gijs van Houten (2014): Occupational profiles in working conditions: Identification of groups with multiple disadvantages. Dublin, 67 S.
Abstract
"Job quality indexes are constructed on the basis of such aspects of working conditions as earnings, prospects, working time, and intrinsic job quality. Occupations where job quality is consistently low are labelled 'occupations with multiple disadvantages'. This report uses data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey to identify such occupations. It finds that workers in mid-skilled manual and low-skilled occupations do quite poorly when it comes to earnings, prospects and intrinsic job quality, and they report relatively low levels of both physical and mental well-being. However, their working time quality is generally good. In contrast, workers in high-skilled occupations do relatively well on almost all job quality indicators, except working time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
A gender perspective on older workers' employment and working conditions (2014)
Zitatform
Vendramin, Patricia & Gérard Valenduc (2014): A gender perspective on older workers' employment and working conditions. (Working paper / European Trade Union Institute 2014,03), Brüssel, 65 S.
Abstract
"This working paper aims to give a structured gender analysis of the working and employment conditions of older workers (aged 50 and over). While working and employment conditions are increasingly recognised as key issues in ageing at work, gender disparities do still not get enough attention." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employee perceptions of working conditions and the desire for worker representation in Britain and the US (2013)
Zitatform
Bryson, Alex & Richard B. Freeman (2013): Employee perceptions of working conditions and the desire for worker representation in Britain and the US. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1007/s12122-012-9152-y
Abstract
"This paper explores the link between employee perceptions of working conditions and the desire for worker representation in Britain and the US. We find that the distribution of employee perceptions of poor working conditions is similar in Britain and the US; similar factors affect the number of perceived poor working conditions; and the perception of poor working conditions is strongly associated with the desire for union representation. The nature of workplaces, as opposed to employees' characteristics, is the predominant factor determining employee perceptions of poor working conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Internationale Initiativen gegen psychosoziale Gefährdungen am Arbeitsplatz (2012)
Meyn, Christina;Zitatform
Meyn, Christina (2012): Internationale Initiativen gegen psychosoziale Gefährdungen am Arbeitsplatz. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 261), Düsseldorf, 36 S.
Abstract
"Die psychische Gesundheit in der Arbeitswelt stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung für die moderne Arbeitspolitik dar. Trotz der zahlreichen vorhandenen Instrumente und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten werden psychosoziale Risiken am Arbeitsplatz nur selten angemessen ermittelt, geschweige denn geeignete Maßnahmen zur Arbeitsgestaltung umgesetzt. Dies liegt zu einem nicht unerheblichen Teil daran, dass in diesem Kontext bisher nur wenige gesetzliche Regulierungen existieren. Im vorliegenden Arbeitspapier werden daher einige internationale Erfahrungen und Herausforderungen bezüglich der Ermittlung und Prävention von psychosozialen Gefährdungen am Arbeitsplatz skizziert. Dabei werden insbesondere die drei grundlegenden Standpfeiler des Arbeitsschutzes in den Blick genommen: Die politisch-regulatorische Ebene, die Rolle der Arbeitsschutzaufsicht sowie die der betrieblichen Interessenvertretungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Sick on the job?: myths and realities about mental health and work (2012)
Zitatform
(2012): Sick on the job? Myths and realities about mental health and work. (Mental health and work), Paris, 210 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264124523-en
Abstract
"Jeder fünfte Arbeitnehmer leidet unter psychischen Erkrankungen. Drei Viertel der Betroffenen geben an, dieser Zustand beinträchtige ihre Produktivität und das Arbeitsklima. Das Buch wertet Daten aus zehn OECD-Ländern aus (darunter Österreich und die Schweiz) und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es neuer Ansätze bedarf, um psychisch labile Arbeitnehmer zu entlasten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Summary and conclusion -
Literaturhinweis
The individual and the welfare state: life histories in Europe (2011)
Börsch-Supan, Axel; O'Donnell, Owen; Brandt, Martina ; Or, Zeynep; Schröder, Mathis; Paccagnella, Omar ; Avendano, Mauricio ; Padula, Mario; Cavapozzi, Danilo ; Papadoudis, George; Cornaz, Sarah; Pasini, Giacomo ; Dobrescu, Loretti; Peracchi, Franco ; Garrouste, Christelle; Perelman, Sergio ; Holly, Alberto; Pestieau, Pierre ; Laferrere, Anne; Roth, Henning; Lamiraud, Karine ; Santos-Eggimann, Brigitte; Mackenbach, Johan P. ; Schoenmaeckers, Jerome; Motta, Alberto; Siegrist, Johannes; Angelini, Viola ; Sirven, Nicolas ; Christelis, Dimitris ; Spagnoli, Jacques; Fiume, Alessio; Tinios, Platon ; Korbmacher, Julie M.; Trevisan, Elisabetta; Lyberaki, Antigone ; Bosch, Karel Van der; Hank, Karsten ; Heede, Aaron Van der; Dewilde, Caroline ; Wahrendorf, Morten ; Lambert, Phlippe; Weber, Guglielmo ; Brugiavini, Agar ; Moschetti, Karine; Georgiadis, Thomas ;Zitatform
Börsch-Supan, Axel, Martina Brandt, Karsten Hank & Mathis Schröder (Hrsg.) (2011): The individual and the welfare state. Life histories in Europe. Berlin: Springer London, 285 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-17472-8
Abstract
"Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the welfare state such as education policies, access to health care and many types of social protection from poverty relief to housing subsidies and maternity support. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life histories in thirteen European countries - ranging from Scandinavia to Central and Eastern Europe to the Mediterranean - collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement, volunteering and health." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health effects of temporary jobs in Europe (2011)
Zitatform
Ehlert, Christoph & Sandra Schaffner (2011): Health effects of temporary jobs in Europe. (Ruhr economic papers 295), Essen, 21 S.
Abstract
"Over the last two decades, temporary employment has gained importance in the European Union. The implications of this development for the health of the workforce are not yet established. Using a unique individual-level data set for 27 European countries, this paper evaluates whether temporary employment is interrelated with self-assessed health. We find pronounced differences in self-assessed health by employment status across European countries. Furthermore, in the EU full-time permanent employed workers report the best health, followed by temporary and part-time employed workers. These differences largely vanish, when taking into account the potential endogeneity between employment status and self-assessed health. However, repeated temporary contracts have a significant negative impact on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress: SEC(2011) 241 final (2011)
Zitatform
(2011): Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress. SEC(2011) 241 final. (Commission staff working paper), Brüssel, 93 S.
Abstract
"This report analyses the implementation of the Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress, ('the Agreement'), which the European cross-industry social partners concluded as an autonomous agreement in October 2004 under art 154-155 of the TFEU. The report examines how this Agreement was implemented by national social partners in Member States, and what effect this had on national responses to work-related stress. It also reviews the current level of protection employees have from work-related stress. It examines policy developments and social partners' initiatives in each Member State, and highlights the value-added of the Agreement. However, it also identifies shortcomings in implementation, and limitations in workers' protection. Although there is now wide consensus that work-related stress is a serious issue, and despite significant progress, protection available to workers in Europe is still uneven." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))