Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Embracing artificial intelligence in the labour market: the case of statistics (2024)
Zitatform
Liu, Jin, Kaizhe Chen & Wenjing Lyu (2024): Embracing artificial intelligence in the labour market: the case of statistics. In: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Jg. 11. DOI:10.1057/s41599-024-03557-6
Abstract
"In an era marked by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), the dynamics of the labor market are undergoing significant transformation. A common concern amidst these changes is the potential obsolescence of traditional disciplines due to AI-driven productivity enhancements. This study delves into the evolving role and resilience of these disciplines within the AI-influenced labor market. Focusing on statistics as a representative field, we investigate its integration with AI and its interplay with other disciplines. Analyzing 279.87 million online job postings in the United States from 2010 to 2022, we observed a remarkable 31-fold increase in the demand for AI-specialized statistical talent, diversifying into 932 distinct AI-related job roles. Additionally, our research identified four major interdisciplinary clusters, encompassing 190 disciplines with a statistical focus. The findings also highlight a growing emphasis on specific hard skills within these AI roles and the differences in demand for AI talent in statistics across economic sectors and regions. Contrary to the pessimistic view of traditional disciplines’ survival in the AI age, our study suggests a more optimistic outlook. We recommend that professionals and organizations proactively adapt to AI advancements. Governments and academic institutions should collaborate to foster interdisciplinary skill development and evaluation for AI talents, thereby enhancing the employability of individuals from traditional disciplines and contributing to broader economic growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of automation on workers’ wages (2024)
Zitatform
Madoń, Karol (2024): The effects of automation on workers’ wages. (IBS working paper / Instytut Badan Strukturalnych 2024,06), Warszawa, 35 S.
Abstract
"This study examines the impact of automation on workers’ wages across 20 European countries between 2010–2018. Overall, it identifies a net positive effect of robot adoption on average wages at the sectoral level, especially pronounced among routine manual and nonroutine manual occupations. Importantly, these effects differ between countries- workers in Eastern European countries benefit twice as much from automation as their Western European counterparts. In Western European countries, higher average wages are associated with a decreasing share of routine workers. Results are robust to the exclusion of different capital measures, a battery of fixed effects, a change of instrument and an alternative measure of wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coverage for platform workers and the self-employed in case of unemployment in Switzerland: Access to protection and ways of improvement (2024)
Zitatform
Magoga-Sabatier, Sabrine (2024): Coverage for platform workers and the self-employed in case of unemployment in Switzerland: Access to protection and ways of improvement. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 198-213. DOI:10.1177/13882627241256003
Abstract
"Whether they are self-employed, atypical employees, or self-employed using an umbrella company, there is still almost no social protection against unemployment or partial loss of activity in Switzerland for platform workers. The same can be said for the self-employed in general. This contribution shows that platform workers, irrespective of their exact legal status, and the self-employed in general, risk sanctions for taking on unsuitable work, for being insufficiently available for decent work or unable to prove a loss of income. However hard they try, they cannot even contribute to a voluntary unemployment insurance scheme. We show that the Swiss social protection scheme, a product of years of federal direct democracy, is hardly able to adapt to the fast-moving platform work environment, thus increasing the risks of precariousness and the burden on the cantons' social assistance for the next generation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots, meaning, and self-determination (2024)
Zitatform
Nikolova, Milena, Femke Cnossen & Boris Nikolaev (2024): Robots, meaning, and self-determination. In: Research Policy, Jg. 53, H. 5. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.104987
Abstract
"This paper is the first to examine the impact of robotization on work meaningfulness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential to motivation and well-being at work. Using surveys of workers and robotization data for 14 industries in 20 European countries spanning 2005–2021, we find a consistent negative impact of robotization on perceived work meaningfulness and autonomy. Using instrumental variables, we find that doubling robotization leads to a 0.9 % decrease in work meaningfulness and a 1 % decline in autonomy. To put this in perspective, if the robotization levels of the top 5 industry were to match those of the leading industry in terms of robot adoption in 2020 (equivalent to a 7.5-fold increase), it would result in a decline of 6.8 % in work meaningfulness and 7.5 % in autonomy. The link between robotization, competence, and relatedness is also negative but less robust. We also examine how tasks, skills, and socio-demographic characteristics moderate the main relationships. We find that workers with routine tasks experience an even greater negative effect of robotization in terms of declines in their autonomy, competence, and relatedness. However, we also discover that utilizing computers as tools for independent work can help workers maintain a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in industries and job roles that adopt robots. Our results highlight that by deteriorating work meaningfulness and self-determination, robotization can impact work life above and beyond its consequences for employment and wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robotization and returns to tasks (2024)
Parmentier, Lucas;Zitatform
Parmentier, Lucas (2024): Robotization and returns to tasks. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 1545-1551.
Abstract
"I provide new evidence of the impacts of robotization on the returns to tasks in US labor markets between 1990 and 2007. I find that the adoption of one robot per thousand workers increases the changes in the returns to abstract and routine tasks by 0.049 and 0.066 percentage points, respectively, relative to manual tasks. These magnitudes imply that the adoption of one robot per thousand workers has substantial effects on wages since it increases wages by 1.70% due to the positive impact of robotization on the returns to abstract tasks, and by 3.76% due to the positive effects on the returns to routine tasks. The results are robust to various specifications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of a decade of digital transformation on employment, wages, and inequality in the EU: A “conveyor belt” hypothesis (2024)
Richiardi, Matteo ; Neysan, Khabirpour; Caterina, Astarita; Ekkehard, Ernst; Leonie, Westhoff; Lorenzo, Pelizzari; Clare, Fenwick;Zitatform
Richiardi, Matteo, Westhoff Leonie, Astarita Caterina, Ernst Ekkehard, Fenwick Clare, Khabirpour Neysan & Pelizzari Lorenzo (2024): The impact of a decade of digital transformation on employment, wages, and inequality in the EU: A “conveyor belt” hypothesis. (CeMPA working paper series / Centre for Microsimulation and Policy Analysis (CeMPA) 5/24), Centre for Microsimulation and Policy Analysis at the Institute for Social and Economic Research 54 S.
Abstract
"We study the effects of digital transformation in the EU on individual employment outcomes, wage growth, and income inequality, during the decade 2010-2019. Our results allow us to formulate a “conveyor belt” hypothesis, whereas digital skills are important for finding a job, but less so for retaining it. The ability of out-of-work individuals with higher digital skills to jump back on the labour market is reduced for those with higher education, suggesting a faster depreciation of their digital skills. A similar effect, although of limited size, is found for earning growth: out-of-work individuals with higher digital skills are not only more likely to find a job, but experience higher earning growth, compared to their peers with lower digital skills. Our results point to a vulnerability of workers “left behind” from the digital transformation and the labour market. The overall effects on inequality are, however, limited." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization (2024)
Zitatform
Scholze, Alexander & Achim Hecker (2024): The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization. In: Computers in Human Behavior, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108177
Abstract
"With digitization continuing to reshape work environments, organizations must confront the challenges of comprehending its “bright side” and “dark side” effects. A growing imperative exists to comprehend how digitization affects employee well-being and to create sustainable health-centric workplaces. The established Job Demands-Resources model offers a pertinent theoretical framework for gaining fresh insights into alterations in job demands and resources caused by digitization. This study extends the Job Demands-Resources model to include digital job demands and resources by utilizing a sample of 898 white-collar employees. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to investigate digitization's interrelationships and dependencies within an organizational context. The results confirm that the Job Demands-Resources model offers a holistic approach to investigating the concrete effects of the “dark side" and “bright side" of digitization in a concrete work scenario and to classify them in a theoretically structured way. This study offers starting points for the future design of workplaces and strategies for organizations to harness the positive aspects of digitization while concurrently mitigating the psychological stress on employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neue Technologien und Löhne: Erste Analysen basierend auf österreichischen Mikrodaten (2024)
Zitatform
Stehrer, Robert (2024): Neue Technologien und Löhne. Erste Analysen basierend auf österreichischen Mikrodaten. (WIIW Forschungsarbeiten in deutscher Sprache 27), Wien, 40 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Bericht wird der Effekt der Verwendung neuer Technologien – von Robotern, 3D-Druck, Big Data und anderer softwarebasierter Anwendungen – auf Löhne und Lohnstrukturen untersucht. Die Untersuchung beruht auf der IKTU-Erhebung und weiteren detaillierten Daten auf Firmen- und Personenebene. Als Methode werden Mincer-Regressionen in einer Querschnittsanalyse geschätzt, in denen für Personen- und Firmenmerkmale kontrolliert wird. Für Letztere wird insbesondere eine Variable verwendet, die anzeigt, ob die Firma neue Technologien (z. B. Roboter) verwendet oder nicht. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Auswirkungen der neuen Technologien auf Löhne durchaus differenziert betrachtet werden müssen. Die Effekte sind jedoch in allen Fällen gering bzw. insignifikant. Interessanterweise gibt es in so gut wie allen Fällen – mit Ausnahme der Verwendung von Chatservices –- einen positiven Effekt auf die Löhne der Frauen. Über die Bildungsgruppen hinweg zeigen sich leichte Polarisierungsmuster, wobei jedoch die Personen mit mittlerer Qualifikation im Durchschnitt eher positiv betroffen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Neue Technologien, Firmenperformance und Beschäftigung: Erste Analysen basierend auf österreichischen Firmendaten (2024)
Zitatform
Stehrer, Robert (2024): Neue Technologien, Firmenperformance und Beschäftigung. Erste Analysen basierend auf österreichischen Firmendaten. (WIIW Forschungsarbeiten in deutscher Sprache 26), Wien, 34 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Bericht untersucht basierend auf Firmendaten für Österreich – der IKTU-Erhebung und den LSE-Daten – den Zusammenhang von neuen Technologien mit der Firmenperformance und Beschäftigungsstrukturen. Neue Technologien – untersucht werden der Einsatz von Robotern, 3D-Druck, Big-Data-Analysen, Verwendung von Cloud- und Chat-Services, CRM-Software oder automatisierter Datenaustausch, Verwendung sozialer Medien sowie auch die Beschäftigung von IKT-Spezialisten und -Spezialistinnen bzw. die Durchführung von IKT-Schulungen – korrelieren stark positiv mit der Größe der Firmen gemessen am Umsatz, der Beschäftigung und den Investitionen. Firmen, die neue Technologien verwenden, sind auch durchschnittlich produktiver und zahlen durchschnittlich etwas höhere Löhne. Letzteres gilt jedoch nicht, wenn man auch für die Größe kontrolliert. Es zeigen sich keine signifikanten Wachstumseffekte in Bezug auf diese Variablen, und somit finden sich auch keine signifikanten Beschäftigungseffekte, die – wie oftmals befürchtet – von der Anwendung der neuen Technologien ausgehen. Auch hinsichtlich der Beschäftigungsstrukturen (unter Kontrolle von Firmengröße) – untersucht wurden der Anteil von Frauen, geringfügig bzw. Teilzeitbeschäftigten und der Anteil der Lehrlinge – finden sich kaum signifikante bzw. robuste Resultate dahingehend, dass sich Firmen, die neue Technologien anwenden, von denen unterscheiden, die das nicht tun. Auch hier gibt es keinerlei Hinweise darauf, dass sich die Beschäftigungsanteile bei den beiden Typen der Firmen unterschiedlich stark verändern. Diese Resultate können und sollen auf Basis der hier verwendeten und weiterer Daten als Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen dienen (z. B. für detailliertere Beschäftigungsstrukturen), um mögliche Auswirkungen der „digitalen Revolution“ auf Beschäftigung auf Firmenebene besser abschätzen zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Skill Supply, Technology Diffusion and the Labor Market (2024)
Zitatform
Stepanok, Ignat & Mewael F. Tesfaselassie (2024): Skill Supply, Technology Diffusion and the Labor Market. In: German Economic Review, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 101-125., 2024-05-28. DOI:10.1515/ger-2023-0098
Abstract
"We analyze the short and long-run effects of an increase in the skill supply on skill-specific wages and unemployment in a model with endogenous, nonlinear diffusion of a general purpose technology (GPT) and labor market frictions. We calibrate and simulate the model using the trend rise in relative skill supply in the U.S. over two decades starting in the early 1970s. The transitional dynamics of the model show (i) an initial slump and long-run rise in the relative wage of high-skill labor and (ii) a long-run rise in the relative level of unemployment of low-skill versus high-skill labor. An increase in the number of skilled individuals reduces hiring costs and increases the incentive for firms to engage in the costly adoption of a new GPT. Stronger labor market rigidity and higher worker bargaining power are shown to have similar effects on relative wages and unemployment: changes in relative wages are more pronounced, whereas the response of relative unemployment is muted. The exact opposite effects are found in the case of a higher degree of substitution between products." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku; © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multidimensional heterogeneity and matching in a frictional labor market - An application to polarization (2024)
Zitatform
Tan, Joanne (2024): Multidimensional heterogeneity and matching in a frictional labor market - An application to polarization. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 90. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102604
Abstract
"This paper examines the role that changes in production technology, namely computerization, have played on labor market inequality in the US from the late 1980s to the 2010s. It also demonstrates that such technological change is consistent with the timing of labor market polarization in the US, including the end of the decline in 50∕10 wage percentile ratio and the slowdown of employment growth in high-wage jobs from the 2000s. The paper does so using a model with two key ingredients: 1) directed search and 2) two-sided multidimensional heterogeneity. Calibration results show that the complementarity between a workers’ cognitive skills and the cognitive task intensity of jobs increased while that between manual skill and tasks did not. The full model can fully account for the rise and fall of the 90∕50 and 50∕10 wage percentile ratios respectively. It also generates 72.6 percent of the rise in employment share of high-paying jobs relative to middling jobs and 69 percent of the fall in employment share of middling jobs relative to low-paying jobs. The paper suggests that the end of the decline in the 50∕10 wage ratio may be due to rank-switching between workers across the wage distribution from the 2000s, while the slowdown of employment growth in high-wage jobs may result from the trade-off between the returns to applying for high-wage jobs and the likelihood of being hired." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bounded Well-Being: Designing Technologies for Workers' Well-Being in Corporate Programmes (2024)
Zitatform
Tirabeni, Lia (2024): Bounded Well-Being: Designing Technologies for Workers' Well-Being in Corporate Programmes. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 6, S. 1506-1527. DOI:10.1177/09500170231203113
Abstract
"This article examines the relationship between workers’ well-being and digitalisation at work. It is based on the findings of a qualitative study carried out in a manufacturing company, and it focuses on the development of a wearable device for well-being. Using the analytical concepts of ‘translation’ and ‘inscription’ taken from Actor-Network Theory, it explores how digital technologies for well-being are designed in corporate programmes and shows how the final technology results from processes of inscription and translation performed by the actors involved in the design phase. The end device embodies a concept of well-being that has been called ‘bounded’ to emphasise how well-being at work is limited by organisational constraints. The article invites a rethinking of hedonic well-being at work as a precondition for eudaimonic well-being so that the human being is understood as a psychophysical unit that is part of a rich social context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation and flexible labor contracts: Firm-level evidence from Italy (2024)
Traverso, Silvio; Zaninotto, Enrico; Vatiero, Massimiliano;Zitatform
Traverso, Silvio, Massimiliano Vatiero & Enrico Zaninotto (2024): Automation and flexible labor contracts: Firm-level evidence from Italy. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1425), Essen, 33 S.
Abstract
"This study examines the association between investments in automation technologies and employment outcomes at the firm level, utilizing a panel dataset of about 10,450 Italian firms. Focusing on the proliferation of non-standard, flexible labor contracts introduced by labor market reforms in the 2000s, we identify a positive relationship between automation investments and the adoption of flexible labor arrangements. With the aid of a conceptual framework, we interpret these findings as evidence of complementarity between flexible capital, represented by automation technologies, and flexible labor, manifested through non-standard contractual arrangements. This complementarity is crucial for enhancing operational flexibility, a critical determinant of firm performance in the modern market environment. However, while this adaptability is beneficial for firms, it raises concerns about job security, the potential for lower wages among workers, and the reduction of workers' incentives to invest in human capital. In terms of policy implications, our analysis underscores the need for measures that safeguard workers' interests without compromising the efficiency gains from automation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron, Hans R. A. Koster & Ceren Ozgen (2023): Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31009), Cambridge, Mass, 60 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the effects of robot adoption on firm-level and worker-level outcomes in the Netherlands using a large employer-employee panel dataset spanning 2009-2020. Our firm-level results confirm previous findings, with positive effects on value added and hours worked for robot-adopting firms and negative outcomes on competitors in the same industry. Our worker-level results show that directly-affected workers (e.g., blue-collar workers performing routine or replaceable tasks) face lower earnings and employment rates, while other workers indirectly gain from robot adoption. We also find that the negative effects from competitors' robot adoption load on directly-affected workers, while other workers benefit from this industry-level robot adoption. Overall, our results highlight the uneven effects of automation on the workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Technologies and Jobs in Europe (2023)
Zitatform
Albanesi, Stefania, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo & Alena Wabitsch (2023): New Technologies and Jobs in Europe. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16227), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"We examine the link between labour market developments and new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and software in 16 European countries over the period 2011- 2019. Using data for occupations at the 3-digit level in Europe, we find that on average employment shares have increased in occupations more exposed to AI. This is particularly the case for occupations with a relatively higher proportion of younger and skilled workers. This evidence is in line with the Skill Biased Technological Change theory. While there exists heterogeneity across countries, only very few countries show a decline in employment shares of occupations more exposed to AI-enabled automation. Country heterogeneity for this result seems to be linked to the pace of technology diffusion and education, but also to the level of product market regulation (competition) and employment protection laws. In contrast to the findings for employment, we find little evidence for a relationship between wages and potential exposures to new technologies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Firm Investments in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Changes in Workforce Composition (2023)
Babina, Tania; Fedyk, Anastassia; Hodson, James; He, Alex X.;Zitatform
Babina, Tania, Anastassia Fedyk, Alex X. He & James Hodson (2023): Firm Investments in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Changes in Workforce Composition. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31325), Cambridge, Mass, 47 S.
Abstract
"We study the shifts in U.S. firms' workforce composition and organization associated with the use of AI technologies. To do so, we leverage a unique combination of worker resume and job postings datasets to measure firm-level AI investments and workforce composition variables, such as educational attainment, specialization, and hierarchy. We document that firms with higher initial shares of highly-educated workers and STEM workers invest more in AI. As firms invest in AI, they tend to transition to more educated workforces, with higher shares of workers with undergraduate and graduate degrees, and more specialization in STEM fields and IT skills. Furthermore, AI investments are associated with a flattening of the firms' hierarchical structure, with significant increases in the share of workers at the junior level and decreases in shares of workers in middle-management and senior roles. Overall, our results highlight that adoption of AI technologies is associated with significant reorganization of firms' workforces." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Evolution of Work from Home (2023)
Zitatform
Barrero, José María, Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis (2023): The Evolution of Work from Home. In: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 23-49. DOI:10.1257/jep.37.4.23
Abstract
"Full days worked at home account for 28 percent of paid workdays among Americans 20–64 years old, as of mid-2023. That’s about four times the 2019 rate and ten times the rate in the mid-1990s. We first explain why the big shift to work from home has endured rather than reverting to prepandemic levels. We then consider how work-from-home rates vary by worker age, sex, education, parental status, industry and local population density, and why it is higher in the United States than other countries. We also discuss some implications for pay, productivity, and the pace of innovation. Over the next five years, US business executives anticipate modest increases in work-from-home rates at their own companies. Other factors that portend an enduring shift to work from home include the ongoing adaptation of managerial practices and further advances in technologies, products, and tools that support remote work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Risks to job quality from digital technologies: Are industrial relations in Europe ready for the challenge? (2023)
Zitatform
Berg, Janine, Francis Green, Laura Nurski & David A. Spencer (2023): Risks to job quality from digital technologies: Are industrial relations in Europe ready for the challenge? In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 347-365. DOI:10.1177/09596801231178904
Abstract
"We examine job quality effects of new digital technologies, using the European frame of seven job quality domains: Pay, Working Time Quality, Prospects, Skills and Discretion, Work Intensity, Social Environment, and Physical Environment. Theoretical effects are ambivalent across all domains. The analysis of these effects confirms that digital technologies can both improve and harm job quality depending on how they are used. In light of this analysis and to think through the challenge of regulating digital technologies, we review emerging regulations across several European countries. Drawing on the principles of human-centred design, we argue that worker participation is important for securing good job quality outcomes, at both the innovation and adoption stages. We also consider the application of data protection legislation to the regulation of job quality. Overall, the paper extends debate about the future of work beyond employment and pay, on to a consideration of job quality more broadly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Contradictory effects of technological change across developed countries (2023)
Zitatform
Blien, Uwe, Oliver Ludewig & Anja Rossen (2023): Contradictory effects of technological change across developed countries. In: Review of International Economics, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 580-608., 2022-08-31. DOI:10.1111/roie.12638
Abstract
"Will productivity gains lead to technological unemployment in a region or to new prosperity? In our article, we formally show that under general assumptions the price elasticity of demand on product markets is decisive: technological change leads to employment growth if product demand is elastic and it leads to employment decline if product demand is inelastic. In our empirical analysis, we use industry-level time series data on output, prices, employment, wages, and national income for nine countries (including Germany, UK, USA) to estimate aggregate Marshallian product demand functions based on IV regressions and state space models with time-varying coefficients. The resulting income and price elasticities are used as inputs in a second step in which we estimate the employment effects of productivity changes as interactions with the elasticities. The results correspond to theoretical expectations: demand is generally inelastic and the employment effect of technological progress is therefore moderately negative." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarkt und Beruf 2030: Rückschlüsse für Österreich (2023)
Bock-Schappelwein, Julia; Egger, Andrea;Zitatform
Bock-Schappelwein, Julia & Andrea Egger (2023): Arbeitsmarkt und Beruf 2030. Rückschlüsse für Österreich. (AMS-Report / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich 173), Wien, 110 S.
Abstract
"Demographie, Digitalisierung und Ökologisierung werden die Arbeitswelt in den kommenden Jahren maßgeblich beeinflussen. Mit Hilfe von Literaturanalysen wird im Rahmen dieser mit Jahresmitte 2023 abgeschlossenen Studie im Auftrag der Abt. Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich von den beiden Autorinnen Julia Bock-Schappelwein (WIFO) und Andrea Egger (abif) nach Berufsfeldern gesucht, in denen sich diese Herausforderungen deutlich abzeichnen und möglicherweise gegenseitig verstärken. Ziel ist es, besonders betroffene Berufsfelder zu identifizieren und damit verbundene Anpassungs- bzw. Qualifizierungsbedarfe aufzuzeigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen