Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
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- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
Good jobs, bad jobs: the rise of polarized and precarious employment systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s (2011)
Kalleberg, Arne L.;Zitatform
Kalleberg, Arne L. (2011): Good jobs, bad jobs. The rise of polarized and precarious employment systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s. (American Sociological Association's Rose Series in Sociology), New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 292 S.
Abstract
"The economic boom of the 1990s veiled a grim reality: in addition to the growing gap between rich and poor, the gap between good and bad quality jobs was also expanding. The postwar prosperity of the mid-twentieth century had enabled millions of American workers to join the middle class, but as the author shows, by the 1970s this upward movement had slowed, in part due to the steady disappearance of secure, well-paying industrial jobs. Ever since, precarious employment has been on the rise - paying low wages, offering few benefits, and with virtually no long-term security. Today, the polarization between workers with higher skill levels and those with low skills and low wages is more entrenched than ever. The book traces this trend to large-scale transformations in the American labor market and the changing demographics of low-wage workers. The author draws on nearly four decades of survey data, as well as his own research, to evaluate trends in U.S. job quality and suggest ways to improve American labor market practices and social policies. The book provides an insightful analysis of how and why precarious employment is gaining ground in the labor market and the role these developments have played in the decline of the middle class. The author shows that by the 1970s, government deregulation, global competition, and the rise of the service sector gained traction, while institutional protections for workers - such as unions and minimum-wage legislation - weakened. Together, these forces marked the end of postwar security for American workers. The composition of the labor force also changed significantly; the number of dual-earner families increased, as did the share of the workforce comprised of women, non-white, and immigrant workers. Of these groups, blacks, Latinos, and immigrants remain concentrated in the most precarious and low-quality jobs, with educational attainment being the leading indicator of who will earn the highest wages and experience the most job security and highest levels of autonomy and control over their jobs and schedules." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing the impact of a wage subsidy for single parents on social assistance (2011)
Zitatform
Lacroix, Guy & Dany Brouillette (2011): Assessing the impact of a wage subsidy for single parents on social assistance. In: Canadian Journal of Economics, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 1195-1221. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5982.2011.01672.x
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of a wage subsidy program aimed at long-term social assistance recipients in Quebec. The program closely mimics the Self-Sufficiency Project and was implemented for a trial period of one year in 2002. We focus on the labour market transitions of the targeted population starting one year before the implementation of the program and until the end of 2005. Our results show that the duration of spells off social assistance increased, while the duration of social assistance spells decreased slightly. The response to the program varies considerably with both observed and unobserved characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-skilled immigrant entrepreneurship (2011)
Lofstrom, Magnus;Zitatform
Lofstrom, Magnus (2011): Low-skilled immigrant entrepreneurship. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 9, H. 1, S. 25-44. DOI:10.1007/s11150-010-9106-1
Abstract
"More than 1/2 of the foreign born workforce in the US have no schooling beyond high school and about 20% of the low-skilled workforce are immigrants. More than 10% of these low-skilled immigrants are self-employed. Utilizing longitudinal data from the 1996, 2001 and 2004 Survey of Income and Program Participation panels, this paper analyzes the returns to self-employment among low-skilled immigrants. We find that the returns to low-skilled self-employment among immigrants is higher than it is among natives but also that wage/salary employment is a more financially rewarding option for most low-skilled immigrants. In analyses of earnings differences, we find that most of the 20% male native-immigrant earnings gap among low-skilled business owners can be explained primarily by differences in the ethnic composition. Low-skilled female foreign born entrepreneurs are found to have earnings roughly equal to otherwise observationally similar self-employed native born women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Income support policies for low-income men and noncustodial fathers: tax and transfer programs (2011)
Mincy, Ronald B.; Klempin, Serena; Schmidt, Heather;Zitatform
Mincy, Ronald B., Serena Klempin & Heather Schmidt (2011): Income support policies for low-income men and noncustodial fathers. Tax and transfer programs. In: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 635, H. 1, S. 240-261. DOI:10.1177/0002716210393869
Abstract
"Both wages and labor force participation have been declining for young, less-educated men since the mid-1970s. The purpose of this article is to examine how key income-security policy areas - including unemployment insurance, payroll taxes and the Earned Income Tax Credit, and child support enforcement - affect these men. The article concludes with policy recommendations to improve the impact of work-based subsidies on poverty among low-income men. Subsidized jobs in transitional job programs could play a critical role in helping these men to access these subsidies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Policies to encourage job creation: hiring credits vs. worker subsidies (2011)
Zitatform
Neumark, David (2011): Policies to encourage job creation. Hiring credits vs. worker subsidies. (NBER working paper 16866), Cambridge, Mass., 60 S. DOI:10.3386/w16866
Abstract
"The Great Recession has spurred interest in policy efforts to spur job creation. This article surveys existing research on two 'direct' job creation policies: subsidies to employers to hire workers ('hiring credits'); and subsidies to individuals to enter the labor market ('worker subsidies'). The research suggests that in the short-term, when recovery from the recession is a priority, hiring credits are likely a more effective policy response. First, hiring credits are likely more cost effective, as long as they focus on the recently unemployed and create incentives for new job creation. Second, in general, worker subsidies better target benefits to low-income families and especially single mothers. At this juncture, however, because the recession fell so heavily on men, a hiring credit focused on the unemployed may target low-income families well, and the usual distributional concern with low-income female-headed households may be less paramount. And third, employment subsidies may not be as effective when there is high cyclical unemployment. In the longer-term, however, when the labor market has recovered more from the recession and the focus can shift to longer-standing employment problems and distributional concerns, greater reliance on worker subsidies may do more to increase employment while shifting the distribution of benefits more toward lower-income households." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does a higher minimum wage enhance the effectiveness of the Earned Income Tax Credit? (2011)
Zitatform
Neumark, David & William Wascher (2011): Does a higher minimum wage enhance the effectiveness of the Earned Income Tax Credit? In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 64, H. 4, S. 712-746.
Abstract
"The authors estimate the effects of the interactions between the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and minimum wages on labor market outcomes. They use information on policy variation from the Department of Labor's Monthly Labor Review, reports published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, and data on individuals and families from the Current Population Survey to assess the economic impact of minimum wages and the EITC on families. Their results indicate that for single women with children, the EITC boosts employment and earnings, and coupling the EITC with a higher minimum wage enhances this positive effect. Conversely, for less-skilled minority men and for women without children, employment and earnings are more adversely affected by the EITC when the minimum wage is higher. Turning from individuals to families, for very poor families with children a higher minimum wage increases the positive impact of the EITC on incomes, so that a higher minimum wage appears to enhance the effects of the EITC. Whether the policy combination of a high EITC and a high minimum wage is viewed as favorable or unfavorable depends in Part on whom policymakers are trying to help." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gaps across countries and skills: supply, demand and the industry structure (2011)
Olivetti, Claudia; Petrongolo, Barbara;Zitatform
Olivetti, Claudia & Barbara Petrongolo (2011): Gender gaps across countries and skills. Supply, demand and the industry structure. (CEP discussion paper 1093), London, 42 S.
Abstract
"The gender wage gap varies widely across countries and across skill groups within countries. Interestingly, there is a positive cross-country correlation between the unskilled-to-skilled gender wage gap and the corresponding gap in hours worked. Based on a canonical supply and demand framework, this positive correlation would reveal the presence of net demand forces shaping gender differences in labor market outcomes across skills and countries. We use a simple multi-sector framework to illustrate how differences in labor demand for different inputs can be driven by both within-industry and between-industry factors. The main idea is that, if the service sector is more developed in the US than in continental Europe, and unskilled women tend to be over-represented in this sector, we expect unskilled women to suffer a relatively large wage and/or employment penalty in the latter than in the former. We find that, overall, the between-industry component of labor demand explains more than half of the total variation in labor demand between the US and the majority of countries in our sample, as well as one-third of the correlation between wage and hours gaps. The between-industry component is relatively more important in countries where the relative demand for unskilled females is lowest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of minimum wages on unemployment duration: estimating the effects using the Displaced Worker Survey (2011)
Pedace, Roberto; Rohn, Stephanie;Zitatform
Pedace, Roberto & Stephanie Rohn (2011): The impact of minimum wages on unemployment duration. Estimating the effects using the Displaced Worker Survey. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 57-75. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2010.00625.x
Abstract
"This paper examines the impact of minimum wages on unemployment duration. Our estimates suggest that higher minimum wages are associated with shorter unemployment duration for older males and those with at least a high school diploma, but longer unemployment spells for male high school dropouts and females who are older and in lower-skilled occupations. The results are consistent with other studies in generating concerns about the distributional impact of minimum wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment effects of lower minimum wage rates for young workers: Canadian evidence (2011)
Shannon, Michael;Zitatform
Shannon, Michael (2011): The employment effects of lower minimum wage rates for young workers. Canadian evidence. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 629-655. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2011.00655.x
Abstract
"Between 1986 and 1998, six of the ten Canadian provinces abolished their lower minimum wage rates for younger teenage workers. Using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey, this paper evaluates the effects of abolition on the employment and weekly hours worked of 15- to 16-year-olds using teenagers in provinces where there is no legislative change and young people above the age to which youth rates applied as control groups. The results provide some evidence that abolishing these youth rates significantly lowered employment and work hours of 15- to 16-year-olds, but the lack of evidence for some jurisdictions and patterns of effects using age controls do raise some questions regarding the interpretation of the results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
No country for young men: Deteriorating labor market prospects for low-skilled men in the United States (2011)
Sum, Andrew; Khatiwada, Ishwar; Palma, Sheila; McLaughlin, Joseph;Zitatform
Sum, Andrew, Ishwar Khatiwada, Joseph McLaughlin & Sheila Palma (2011): No country for young men: Deteriorating labor market prospects for low-skilled men in the United States. In: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 635, H. 1, S. 24-55. DOI:10.1177/0002716210393694
Abstract
"The labor market fate of the nation's male teens and young adults (ages 20-29) has deteriorated along most employment, weekly wages, and annual earnings dimensions in recent decades. The employment rates reached new post-World War II lows in 2009, with the less well educated faring the worst. The deterioration in the labor market well-being of these young men has had a number of adverse consequences on their social behavior. Less-educated young men, especially high school dropouts, are far more likely to be incarcerated than their peers in earlier decades. They are considerably less likely to be married and more likely to be absent fathers, with gaps in marriage rates across educational groups widening substantially since the 1970s. The decline in marriage among less-educated young adults, high assortative mating among younger married couples, and growing gaps in earnings across educational groups have contributed to a substantial widening in income and wealth disparities among the nation's young families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In-work benefits and unemployment (2011)
Zitatform
Tonin, Mirco & Ann-Sofie Kolm (2011): In-work benefits and unemployment. (IZA discussion paper 5472), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"In-work benefits are becoming an increasingly relevant labour market policy, gradually expanding in scope and geographical coverage. This paper investigates the equilibrium impact of in-work benefits and contrasts it with the traditional partial equilibrium analysis. We find under which conditions accounting for equilibrium wage adjustments amplifies the impact of in-work benefits on search intensity, participation, employment, and unemployment, compared to a framework in which wages are fixed. We also account for the financing of these benefits and determine the level of benefits necessary to achieve efficiency in a labour market characterized by search externalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fordism at work in Canadian coffee shops (2011)
Woodhall, Julia R.; Muszynski, Alicja;Zitatform
Woodhall, Julia R. & Alicja Muszynski (2011): Fordism at work in Canadian coffee shops. In: Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, Jg. 17/18, S. 56-69.
Abstract
"Although many areas of work today are characterized by post-Fordist principles, there are still significant numbers of workplaces that have adapted and continue to operate using a Fordist model, and in particular, low-paying service industries that rely on a largely female and part-time labour force. This paper explores how the Fordist model has been adapted and extended within the Canadian coffee shop franchise industry. Qualitative interviews were conducted with staff and managers in selected coffee shops to gain a better understanding of how work is organized and managed in this industry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Field perspectives on the causes of low employment among less skilled black men (2011)
Wozniak, Abigail;Zitatform
Wozniak, Abigail (2011): Field perspectives on the causes of low employment among less skilled black men. In: The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 811-844. DOI:10.1111/j.1536-7150.2011.00791.x
Abstract
"This article presents findings from a unique survey that assessed explanations for low black male employment by questioning participants in a low skill labor market. Black men identified barriers to hiring - including felony convictions, drug testing, low skill levels, and bias - as major reasons for their non-employment. Employers believed black male applicants were less likely to have the desired interpersonal skills and work ethic, and that they were less likely to pass pre-employment drug tests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Earned Income Tax Credit recipients: income, marginal tax rates, wealth, and credit constraints (2010)
Zitatform
Athreya, Kartik B., Devin Reilly & Nicole B. Simpson (2010): Earned Income Tax Credit recipients: income, marginal tax rates, wealth, and credit constraints. In: Economic Quarterly, Jg. 96, H. 3, S. 229-258.
Abstract
"The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has evolved into the largest anti-poverty program in the United States by providing tax credits for low and moderate income working families. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of EITC recipients at various ages using Current Population Survey data. In addition, we discuss the relevance of the EITC in affecting marginal income tax rates in the United States and discuss the effects of the EITC on household labor supply decisions. Lastly, using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we estimate wealth distributions for EITC recipients and analyze the extent to which EITC recipients are credit constrained." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The contribution of the minimum wage to U.S. wage inequality over three decades: a reassessment (2010)
Zitatform
Autor, David, Alan Manning & Christopher L. Smith (2010): The contribution of the minimum wage to U.S. wage inequality over three decades. A reassessment. (CEP discussion paper 1025), London, 70 S.
Abstract
"We reassess the effect of state and federal minimum wages on U.S. earnings inequality, attending to two issues that appear to bias earlier work: violation of the assumed independence of state wage levels and state wage dispersion, and errors-in-variables that inflate impact estimates via an analogue of the well known division bias problem. We find that erosion of the real minimum wage raises inequality in the lower tail of the wage distribution (the 50/10 wage ratio), but the impacts are typically less than half as large as those reported in the literature and are almost negligible for males. Nevertheless, the estimated effects of the minimum wage on points of the wage distribution extend to wage percentiles where the minimum is nominally non-binding, implying spillovers. We structurally estimate these spillovers and show that their relative importance grows as the nominal minimum wage becomes less binding. Subsequent analysis underscores, however, that spillovers and measurement error (absent spillovers) have similar implications for the effect of the minimum on the shape of the lower tail of the measured wage distribution. With available precision, we cannot reject the hypothesis that estimated spillovers to non-binding percentiles are due to reporting artifacts. Accepting this null, the implied effect of the minimum wage on the actual wage distribution is smaller than the effect of the minimum wage on the measured wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of legislated minimum wage increases on employment and hours: a dynamic analysis (2010)
Belman, Dale L.; Wolfson, Paul;Zitatform
Belman, Dale L. & Paul Wolfson (2010): The effect of legislated minimum wage increases on employment and hours. A dynamic analysis. In: Labour, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.2010.00468.x
Abstract
"We present a dynamic policy simulation analysing what would have happened to wages, employment, and total hours had the federal minimum wage increased in September 1998, a year after the last actual increase in our data. Prior work suggests that employment responses take 6 years to play out. Using a time-series model for 23 low-wage industries, we find a positive response of average wages over 54 months following an increase in the minimum wage, but neither employment nor hours can be distinguished from random noise. Ignoring confidence intervals, the adjustment of hours is complete after 1 year, the adjustment of employment after no more than two and one half years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Metropolitan area job accessibility and the working poor: exploring local spatial variations of geographic context (2010)
Zitatform
Boschmann, E. Eric & Mei-Po Kwan (2010): Metropolitan area job accessibility and the working poor. Exploring local spatial variations of geographic context. In: Urban Geography, Jg. 31, H. 4, S. 498-522. DOI:10.2747/0272-3638.31.4.498
Abstract
"Critical geographic perspectives argue that employment access in U.S. metropolitan areas is more complex than traditional understandings, calling for research utilizing approaches that reflect the spatially dynamic structure of cities. This study uses a job proximity indicator of employment access among the working poor, with cluster analysis and spatial regimes modeling, to explore the spatial dimensions of geographic context (neighborhood characteristics) at a localized scale. The findings indicate that: (1) patterns of high or low employment access are not consistent with neoclassical conceptualizations of metropolitan areas; and (2) the statistical relationship between geographic context indicators and the measure of job accessibility were not spatially constant, but varied across the urban landscape. This supports the critical geographic arguments that a high degree of complexity underlies the employment access problem. To better inform public policy, future empirical research needs access to more sophisticated data and methodological approaches to analyze this complex sociospatial phenomenon." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Financial self-sufficiency or return to welfare? A longitudinal study of mothers among the working poor (2010)
Cheng, Tyrone;Zitatform
Cheng, Tyrone (2010): Financial self-sufficiency or return to welfare? A longitudinal study of mothers among the working poor. In: International journal of social welfare, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 162-172. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2010.00718.x
Abstract
"This study investigated how working-poor mothers who withdrew from a US government assistance program were affected by the economy, welfare reform policies, and their own human capital, in terms of their likelihood of returning to welfare and their likelihood of becoming nonpoor through work. The study employed longitudinal data (covering 42 months) extracted from a national data set. The sample for the current study, which relied on event history analysis, consisted of 228 working-poor former welfare mothers. Results showed that the women's return to welfare was correlated to high unemployment, restrictive welfare policies, enrollment in Medicaid and food-stamp programs, possession of service-job skills, and being Hispanic. The women were most likely to attain relative financial independence in the presence of generous government assistance program policies, housing assistance, full-time employment, operative-job skills, college education, and marriage. African American ethnicity also made achievement of financial independence more likely." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage effects across state borders: estimates using contiguous counties (2010)
Zitatform
Dube, Arindrajit, T. William Lester & Michael Reich (2010): Minimum wage effects across state borders. Estimates using contiguous counties. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 92, H. 4, S. 945-964.
Abstract
"We use policy discontinuities at state borders to identify the effects of minimum wages on earnings and employment in restaurants and other low-wage sectors. Our approach generalizes the case study method by considering all local differences in minimum wage policies between 1990 and 2006. We compare all contiguous county-pairs in the United States that straddle a state border and find no adverse employment effects. We show that traditional approaches that do not account for local economic conditions tend to produce spurious negative effects due to spatial heterogeneities in employment trends that are unrelated to minimum wage policies. Our findings are robust to allowing for long-term effects of minimum wage changes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-wage work in the wealthy world (2010)
Gautie, Jerome; Berg, Peter ; Jaehrling, Karen ; Appelbaum, Eileen; Batt, Rosemary ; Westergaard-Nielsen, Niels; James, Susan ; Mayhew, Ken; Weinkopf, Claudia ; Bosch, Gerhard; Warhurst, Chris ; Dresser, Laura; Wanner, Eric; Gautie, Jerome; Voss-Dahm, Dorothea; Mason, Geoff; Vanselow, Achim; Lloyd, Caroline ; Klaveren, Maarten van; Bernhardt, Annette; Meer, Marc van der; Eskildsen, Jacob; Tilly, Chris ; Grundert, Klaus G.; Solow, Robert M.; Carré, Françoise; Salverda, Wiemer ; Schmitt, John; Moss, Philip; Grimshaw, Damian ; Mehaut, Philippe;Zitatform
Gautie, Jerome & John Schmitt (Hrsg.) (2010): Low-wage work in the wealthy world. (The Russell Sage Foundation case studies of job quality in advanced economies), New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 485 S.
Abstract
"The book builds on an earlier Russell Sage Foundation study (Low-Wage America) to compare the plight of low-wage workers in the United States to five European countries - Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom - where wage supports, worker protections, and social benefits have generally been stronger. By examining low-wage jobs in systematic case studies across five industries, this groundbreaking international study goes well beyond standard statistics to reveal national differences in the quality of low-wage work and the well being of low-wage workers. The United States has a high percentage of low-wage workers - nearly three times more than Denmark and twice more than France. Since the early 1990s, however, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany have all seen substantial increases in low-wage jobs. While these jobs often entail much the same drudgery in Europe and the United States, quality of life for low-wage workers varies substantially across countries. The authors focus their analysis on the 'inclusiveness' of each country's industrial relations system, including national collective bargaining agreements and minimum-wage laws, and the generosity of social benefits such as health insurance, pensions, family leave, and paid vacation time - which together sustain a significantly higher quality of life for low-wage workers in some countries. Investigating conditions in retail sales, hospitals, food processing, hotels, and call centers, the book's industry case studies shed new light on how national institutions influence the way employers organize work and shape the quality of low-wage jobs. A telling example: in the United States and several European nations, wages and working conditions of front-line workers in meat processing plants are deteriorating as large retailers put severe pressure on prices, and firms respond by employing low-wage immigrant labor. But in Denmark, where unions are strong, and, to a lesser extent, in France, where the statutory minimum wage is high, the low-wage path is blocked, and firms have opted instead to invest more heavily in automation to raise productivity, improve product quality, and sustain higher wages. However, as the book also shows, the European nations' higher level of inclusiveness is increasingly at risk. 'Exit options,' both formal and informal, have emerged to give employers ways around national wage supports and collectively bargained agreements. For some jobs, such as room cleaners in hotels, stronger labor relations systems in Europe have not had much impact on the quality of work. The booked offers an analysis of low-wage work in Europe and the United States based on concrete, detailed, and systematic contrasts. Its revealing case studies not only provide a human context but also vividly remind us that the quality and incidence of low-wage work is more a matter of national choice than economic necessity and that government policies and business practices have inevitable consequences for the quality of workers' lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
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