Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere
Die Förderung der Beschäftigung Älterer steht wieder auf der politischen Agenda. Wir benötigten angesichts des demografischen Wandels eine Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die der Arbeitskräfteknappheit in den Betrieben entgegenwirkt.
Das Themendossier geht auf die arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitischen Aspekte der Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes für Ältere ein.
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit Älterer
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Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Widowhood and retirement timing: evidence from the health and retirement study (2018)
Zitatform
Schreiber, Philipp (2018): Widowhood and retirement timing. Evidence from the health and retirement study. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2017-0178
Abstract
"The combination of an increasing life expectancy, low fertility rates, and an early effective retirement age creates a pressure to act for governments and organizations. The pay-as-you-go social security systems of many countries are troubled by the increasing ratio of retirees to working people. In addition, many organizations face difficulties caused by a shrinking workforce and the accompanied shortage of skilled workers. To counteract, it is essential to create an environment in which older workers are encouraged to stay in the workforce. Therefore, it is important to understand which factors influence the retirement timing decision of workers. This study analyzes how widowhood and changes in demographic, health-related, and financial factors lead to changes in retirement plans of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) respondents. I compare respondents' actual retirement age with their retirement plans elicited in the HRS wave prior to retirement. The strongest change in retirement timing is caused by widowhood. Respondents who become widowed retire on average 1.7 years earlier than previously planned. The estimated effect of widowhood goes beyond the deterioration of physical health and mental health. My findings suggest that an intervention in an early stage after widowhood by the employer or by health and social care services can help the widowed employee to overcome the temporary adverse effects of widowhood and to prevent a precipitous retirement decision." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenpolitik in Deutschland und Frankreich: Akteurskonstellationen zwischen Exekutive, Parteien, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbänden (2018)
Steinmüller, Florian;Zitatform
Steinmüller, Florian (2018): Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenpolitik in Deutschland und Frankreich. Akteurskonstellationen zwischen Exekutive, Parteien, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbänden. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 412 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-22767-8
Abstract
"Weitreichende Reformen der Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenpolitik wurden in Deutschland bereits ab Mitte der 1990er Jahre umgesetzt, in Frankreich hingegen erst ab Ende der 2000er Jahre.
Dabei wird deutlich, dass die französischen Arbeitsmarkt- und Rentenreformen der letzten Jahre wichtige Parallelen zu Deutschland aufweisen. Florian Steinmüller zeigt auf, dass die unterschiedliche Entwicklung beider Wohlfahrtsstaaten und die Annäherung Frankreichs an das deutsche Reformmodell auf die landesspezifischen Beziehungsmuster zwischen Exekutive, Parteien, Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbänden und auf deren Veränderungsdynamik zurückzuführen sind." (Verlagsangaben, © Springer-Verlag) -
Literaturhinweis
Retirement rigidities and the gap between effective and desired labour supply by older workers (2018)
Zitatform
Trucchi, Serena, Elsa Fornero & Mariacristina Rossi (2018): Retirement rigidities and the gap between effective and desired labour supply by older workers. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 7, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40173-018-0103-y
Abstract
"Our paper analyses the observed and desired labour supply by older workers and (recent) retirees in a country (Italy) with limited opportunities for flexible work schedules. To this purpose, we use a dataset drawn from the Bank of Italy's Survey on Household Income and Wealth providing information on desired and actual working hours. Our empirical analysis documents the gap between older individuals' desired and observed labour supply at both the extensive and the intensive margins and traces it back to gender, education and family composition. The paper provides useful insights into the potential usefulness of policies such as gradual retirement and part-time work in increasing older workers' employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing and employment policies: United States 2018: Working better with age and fighting unequal ageing (2018)
Zitatform
(2018): Ageing and employment policies: United States 2018. Working better with age and fighting unequal ageing. (Ageing and employment policies), Paris. DOI:10.1787/9789264190115-en
Abstract
"In the United States, employment rates at older ages are comparatively high at 62% among 55-64 year-olds against 59% on average in OECD countries in 2016. However, there are large disparities across population groups. Early retirement remains a widespread phenomenon, especially among workers from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Preventing old-age disparities in terms of employment outcomes and retirement income from widening is crucial. This report looks at the various pathways out of the labour market for older workers, and how employers can be supported to retain and hire older workers. It examines the best ways that the United States can promote the employability of workers throughout their working lives and more equal outcomes among older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageism and the business cycle: an exploratory approach (2017)
Challe, Laetitia;Zitatform
Challe, Laetitia (2017): Ageism and the business cycle. An exploratory approach. In: European Journal of Comparative Economics, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 221-264. DOI:10.25428/1824-2979/201702-221-264
Abstract
"Addressing discrimination within the professional sphere is becoming ever more important in French public debate in both the legal and managerial fields. A number of the 18 grounds of discrimination recognised under French law such as gender and ethnicity have been widely discussed in the scientific literature. However, unlike studies undertaken in English-speaking countries, few French-speaking researchers have explored age discrimination. This issue warrants analysis insofar as the actual economic context has forced governments to encourage more people to remain in the labour market. This objective, however, has proven difficult to achieve. A critical question is whether age-related labour market participation gaps depend on individual characteristics. If not, other factors might come into play, including possible discrimination. First, we review the employment of older workers over time. We then use econometric methods to assess the nature of labour market participation gaps and analyse their relationship with business cycles. With regard to the latter point, our findings reveal differences between men and women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Persönliches Erwerbstätigenkonto: internationale Modelle und Erfahrungen (2017)
Eichhorst, Werner; Fahrenholtz, Benedikt; Linckh, Carolin;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner (2017): Persönliches Erwerbstätigenkonto. Internationale Modelle und Erfahrungen. (IZA research report 78), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"Das persönliche Erwerbstätigenkonto wird im 'Weißbuch Arbeiten 4.0' als ein Instrument zur Diskussion gestellt, welches eine erwerbsorientierte Sozialpolitik im Lebensverlauf sicherstellen und stärker auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse ausrichten könnte. Ein solches Konto könnte jedem beim Eintritt ins Erwerbsleben zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Auch wenn viele Unterschiede im Detail bestehen, insbesondere bei der Finanzierung und bei der Regelung der sogenannten 'Ziehungsrechte', ist allen Vorschlägen im Vergleich zur derzeit vorherrschenden Organisation sozialstaatlicher Leistungen das Ziel einer Erhöhung der individuellen Autonomie gemein. Das Individuum soll durch den Transfer von staatlichen Ressourcen und/oder die Unterstützung des Aufbaus eines Guthabens aus eigenen Beiträgen auf einem Konto in die Lage versetzt werden, nach eigener Einschätzung mit bestimmten, sich im Lebenslauf verändernden Anforderungen zurecht zu kommen und hierfür die verfügbaren Mittel einzusetzen. Dies kommt insbesondere zur Abfederung von Erwerbsunterbrechungen oder Phasen der Teilzeitarbeit, für eine berufliche Weiterbildung oder Neuorientierung, aber auch für einen flexibleren Übergang in den Ruhestand in Frage. Dabei können die Konten komplementär oder substitutiv zu anderen sozialstaatlichen Leistungen bestehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Retention and re-integration of older workers into the labour market: What works? (2017)
Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2017): Retention and re-integration of older workers into the labour market: What works? (IAB-Discussion Paper 17/2017), Nürnberg, 24 S.
Abstract
"Obwohl sich im letzten Jahrzehnt die Arbeitsmarktsituation älterer Arbeitnehmer in allen EU-Ländern verbessert hat, gibt es erhebliche Länderunterschiede im Hinblick auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung Älterer. Um unterschiedliche Entwicklungen zu dokumentieren und zu beurteilen, was am besten im Hinblick auf die Verlängerung des Erwerbslebens und bei der Wiedereingliederung älterer Arbeitsloser funktioniert, wird die Situation in fünf Ländern analysiert: Deutschland, Frankreich, Niederlande, Norwegen und Österreich. Zahlreiche empirische Befunde zeigen, dass finanzielle Anreize bzw. 'finanzielle Sanktionen' durch Rentenreformen und die Abschaffung länderspezifischer Wege in den vorzeitigen Ruhestand mehr Einfluss auf die Verlängerung des Arbeitslebens haben, als alle anderen Maßnahmen. Die Wiedereingliederung nach einem Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes und das Risiko der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit bleibt über Ländergrenzen hinweg jedoch ein spezifisches Problem älterer Arbeitnehmer. Staatlich geförderte Programme zur Unterstützung der Wiedereingliederung von älteren Arbeitslosen zeigen eher gemischte Ergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employer experiences of recruiting, retaining and retraining older workers: Qualitative research (2017)
Zitatform
(2017): Employer experiences of recruiting, retaining and retraining older workers. Qualitative research. (Great Britain, Department of Work and Pensions. Research report 940), London, 56 S.
Abstract
"This research was commissioned to investigate the attitudes and behaviours of employers around the recruitment, retention and retraining of older workers. It aims to go beyond traditional employer survey responses in order to gain a deeper understanding of employer attitudes and experiences of managing older workers.
The findings in this report are based on research case studies conducted with 50 employers in England, Scotland and Wales. Half of the case studies were carried out with employers in sectors that have large volumes of low paid workers including care homes, cleaning contractors, and employers in fashion retail and transport. The remainder were distributed between five broad sectors covering the economy as a whole." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Job search requirements for older unemployed workers: how do they affect re-employment rates and flows into states of inactivity for older unemployed workers? (2016)
Bloemen, Hans;Zitatform
Bloemen, Hans (2016): Job search requirements for older unemployed workers. How do they affect re-employment rates and flows into states of inactivity for older unemployed workers? (IZA world of labor 235), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.235
Abstract
"Many OECD countries have, or have had, a policy that exempts older unemployed people from the requirement to search for a job. An aging population and low participation by older workers in the labor market increasingly place public finances under strain, and spur calls for policy measures that activate labor force participation by older workers. Introducing job search requirements for the older unemployed aims to increase their re-employment rates. Abolishing the exemption from job search requirements for these workers has been shown to initiate higher outflow rates from unemployment for the older unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Extended unemployment benefits and early retirement: program complementarity and program substitution (2016)
Inderbitzin, Lukas; Staubli, Stefan; Zweimüller, Josef;Zitatform
Inderbitzin, Lukas, Stefan Staubli & Josef Zweimüller (2016): Extended unemployment benefits and early retirement. Program complementarity and program substitution. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 8, H. 1, S. 253-288. DOI:10.1257/pol.20130315
Abstract
"We explore how extended unemployment insurance (UI) benefits for older workers affect early retirement and welfare. We argue that extending UI benefits generates program complementarity (more labor market exits and disability benefit take-up in the future) and program substitution (less disability benefit take-up in the present). Exploiting a policy change in Austria, which extended UI benefits to 4 years, we find program complementarity effects for workers aged 50+ and program substitution effects for workers aged 55+. We apply the Baily-Chetty formula for optimal UI to account for complementarity and substitution, showing that UI benefits for older workers were too generous." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Turbulence and the employment experience of older workers (2016)
Zitatform
Lalé, Etienne (2016): Turbulence and the employment experience of older workers. (IZA discussion paper 10061), Bonn, 52 S.
Abstract
"This paper provides a unified account of the trends in unemployment and labor force participation pertaining to the employment experience of older male workers during the past half-century. We build an equilibrium life-cycle model with labor-market frictions and an operative labor supply margin, wherein economic turbulence à la Ljungqvist and Sargent (1998) interact with institutions in ways that deteriorate employment. The model explains simultaneously: (i) the fall in labor force participation in the United States, (ii) the similar but more pronounced decline in Europe alongside rising unemployment rates and (iii) differences across European countries in the role played respectively by unemployment and labor force participation. The model also shows that policies that fostered early retirement may have exacerbated the deterioration of European labor markets: raising early retirement incentives to reduce unemployment among older workers tends to increase unemployment at younger ages, especially in turbulent economic times and under stringent employment protection legislation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Meta-Analyse von rezenten Studien zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere in Österreich: Endbericht. Studie im Auftrag des AMS Österreich (2016)
Litschel, Veronika; Löffler, Roland; Schmid, Kurt; Petanovitsch, Alexander;Zitatform
Litschel, Veronika & Alexander Petanovitsch (2016): Meta-Analyse von rezenten Studien zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere in Österreich. Endbericht. Studie im Auftrag des AMS Österreich. Wien, 162 S.
Abstract
"Vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels am österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt in Verbindung der sozial- und pensionsrechtlichen Veränderungen wurde im Auftrag des Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich, Abteilung Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsinformation eine Analyse der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere auf der Grundlage von rezenten Studien durchgeführt.
In einem weiteren Schritt wurden verschiedene Zielgruppenbetrachtungen und die Ausgestaltung der gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen Älterer am Arbeitsmarkt in ausgewählten Studien untersucht.
Ziel der Meta-Analyse ist es, neue Ansätze in der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere mit dem Schwerpunkt des längeren Verbleibs im Erwerbsleben zu identifizieren und darzustellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Nonparametric evidence on the effects of financial incentives on retirement decisions (2016)
Zitatform
Manoli, Day & Andrea Weber (2016): Nonparametric evidence on the effects of financial incentives on retirement decisions. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 8, H. 4, S. 160-182. DOI:10.1257/pol.20140209
Abstract
"This paper presents new evidence on the effects of retirement benefits on labor force participation decisions. The analysis is based on a mandated rule for employer-provided retirement benefits in Austria that creates discontinuities in the incentives for workers to delay retirement. The paper presents graphical evidence on labor supply responses and develops a conceptual framework that accounts for the dynamic incentive structure and for adjustment frictions. Using bunching methods, a semi-elasticity of participation is estimated, which ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 and is highest for incentives targeted at a delay in retirement by 6 to 9 months." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How do financial resources affect the timing of retirement after a job separation? (2016)
Zitatform
Rutledge, Matthew S. (2016): How do financial resources affect the timing of retirement after a job separation? In: ILR review, Jg. 69, H. 5, S. 1249-1279. DOI:10.1177/0019793916654717
Abstract
"This study examines working people between the ages of 50 and 70 years old and the conditions that lead them to decide to retire or not after they experience a job separation. Based on data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, the author finds that among individuals whose jobless spells end in retirement, most decide to retire within a year after separation. The availability of resources such as Social Security retirement benefits, high net worth, and income from defined benefit pensions appear to encourage more rapid labor force exit and retirement, rather than supporting job seekers during a long search. Perhaps surprisingly, no correlation between retirement and the unemployment rate occurs, but unemployment insurance benefits do delay retirement. These results suggest little tolerance for long job searches regardless of labor market prospects and indicate that those who can afford to retire will do so rather quickly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Local economic strategies for ageing labour markets: the Life Skills Project in Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, West Wales, UK (2015)
Ball, Chris;Zitatform
Ball, Chris (2015): Local economic strategies for ageing labour markets. The Life Skills Project in Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, West Wales, UK. (OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers 2015,02), Paris, 20 S. DOI:10.1787/5jrnwqk7889n-en
Abstract
"This working paper examines the local initiatives in Neath, Port Talbot and Swansea in South West Wales to re-integrate elderly economically inactive workers into the local labour market. The core initiative analysed is the Life Skills for Older People Project, which works with local and regional governments to provide customised education and training for job seekers and the long-term unemployed aged 50 or above. The analysis of the economic impact and the achievements of the project found that custom support and personal development were effective in empowering older workers to re-enter work in the private and voluntary sector. The role of South West Wales' industrial past in shaping the education and skills profile of older workers is also examined." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The (performance) management of retirement and the limits of individual choice (2015)
Zitatform
Beck, Vanessa & Glynne Williams (2015): The (performance) management of retirement and the limits of individual choice. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 29, H. 2, S. 267-277. DOI:10.1177/0950017014559963
Abstract
"The removal of the default retirement age in the UK has been broadly welcomed as the disposal of an age-discriminatory measure. It is argued here that a focus on formal equality has been at the expense of a more critical analysis of the employment relations consequences. The central role given to performance measurement allows employers considerable discretion over when employees retire and the scope for bargained outcomes in the new regime is limited. This may be to the detriment of older workers and will have implications for the workforce as a whole. Equality, in other words, may come at the expense of a broader conception of fairness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cumulative (dis)advantage? The impact of labour market policies on late career employment from a life course perspective (2015)
Zitatform
Bennett, Jenny & Katja Möhring (2015): Cumulative (dis)advantage? The impact of labour market policies on late career employment from a life course perspective. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 213-233. DOI:10.1017/S0047279414000816
Abstract
"We investigate the labour market situation of older individuals in Europe in relation to their previous employment history as well as the regulations relating to employment protection legislation and early retirement. Specifically, we look at the competing risks of early retirement and late career unemployment. The central research question is whether policy effects differ according to the characteristics of an individual's previous work history. We employ data for twelve European countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARELIFE) and estimate multilevel regression models. The results show different mechanisms for the risks of unemployment and early retirement. Late career unemployment results from individual factors related to fragmented careers, marginal employment and short tenures. In the case of early retirement, we find the interplay of individual and policy factors to be crucial. Persons with consistent careers have an increased probability of early retirement, but only in countries with generous early retirement benefits. However, employment protection legislation appears to counteract early retirement for this group of individuals. We conclude that policy factors do not have uniform effects for older individuals, but should rather be viewed against the background of previous developments in individual career paths." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Liquidity in retirement savings systems: an international comparison (2015)
Zitatform
Beshears, John, James J. Choi, Joshua Hurwitz, David Laibson & Brigitte C. Madrian (2015): Liquidity in retirement savings systems. An international comparison. In: The American economic review, Jg. 105, H. 5, S. 420-425. DOI:10.1257/aer.p20151004
Abstract
"We compare the liquidity that six developed countries have built into their employer-based defined contribution (DC) retirement schemes. In Germany, Singapore, and the UK, withdrawals are essentially banned no matter what kind of transitory income shock the household realizes. By contrast, in Canada and Australia, liquidity is state-contingent. For a middle-income household, DC accounts are completely illiquid unless annual income falls substantially, in which case DC assets become highly liquid. The US stands alone in the universally high liquidity of its DC system: whether or not income falls, the penalties for early withdrawal are low or non-existent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Joint retirement of couples: evidence from a natural experiment (2015)
Zitatform
Bloemen, Hans, Stefan Hochguertel & Jochem Zweerink (2015): Joint retirement of couples. Evidence from a natural experiment. (IZA discussion paper 8861), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"We estimate and explain the impact of early retirement of husbands on their wives' probability to retire within one year, using administrative micro panel data that cover the whole Dutch population. We employ an instrumental variable approach in which the retirement choice of husbands is instrumented with eligibility rules for generous early retirement benefits that were temporarily and unexpectedly available to them. We find that early retirement opportunities of husbands increased the wives' probability to retire by 24.6 percentage points. This is a strong, and robust effect. Partly, wives respond to husbands' choices at ages when they are themselves likely eligible for early retirement programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing in Europe - Supporting Policies for an Inclusive Society (2015)
Zitatform
Börsch-Supan, Axel, Thorsten Kneip, Howard Litwin, Michal Myck & Guglielmo Weber (Hrsg.) (2015): Ageing in Europe - Supporting Policies for an Inclusive Society. Berlin: De Gruyter, 380 S.
Abstract
"SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do we Europeans age? How will we do economically, socially and healthwise? How are these domains interrelated? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have taken a further big step towards answering these questions based on the recent SHARE data in order to support policies for an inclusive society." (Publishers Abstract) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Open Access
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit Älterer
-
Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug