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Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The concept of sustainability and its application to labor market policy: A discussion of political feasibility, implementation, and measurability (2017)

    Lubk, Claudia;

    Zitatform

    Lubk, Claudia (2017): The concept of sustainability and its application to labor market policy. A discussion of political feasibility, implementation, and measurability. Wiesbaden: Springer, 239 S.

    Abstract

    "Claudia Lubk analyzes the transferal between the guiding principle of sustainability and the policy field of labor market policy. She discusses both separately to elaborate the most important aspects necessary to make the transition towards sustainable labor market policy. In addition, the author focusses on the political feasibility of measures to implement sustainable policies and considers the challenges posed by realizing the sustainability concept. Based on this analysis, a working definition of sustainable labor market policy is developed." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Zukunft gerecht gestalten – gegen Ungleichheiten in Deutschland und Europa (2017)

    Nahles, Andrea;

    Zitatform

    Nahles, Andrea (2017): Die Zukunft gerecht gestalten – gegen Ungleichheiten in Deutschland und Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften, Jg. 15, H. 2/3, S. 553-562. DOI:10.5771/1610-7780-2017-2-3-553

    Abstract

    "Der Kampf für mehr Gerechtigkeit gehört weder in die Mottenkiste der Ge-schichte, noch darf er auf unser Land beschränkt bleiben. Wenn es gelingt, Ungleichheiten abzubauen, stärkt das den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt in Deutschland und in Europa. Unsere demokratischen Grundwerte und die Solidarität zwischen den Generationen und zwischen Stärkeren und Schwächeren waren auch in Krisenzeiten nie verhandelbar. Sie werden auch das Fundament sein, auf dem wir die Zukunft gemeinsam gestalten – mit mehr Gerechtigkeit." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    From the "planning euphoria" to the "bitter economic truth": The transmission of economic ideas into German labour market policies in the 1960s and 2000s (2017)

    Pühringer, Stephan ; Griesser, Markus ;

    Zitatform

    Pühringer, Stephan & Markus Griesser (2017): From the "planning euphoria" to the "bitter economic truth": The transmission of economic ideas into German labour market policies in the 1960s and 2000s. (Working Paper Serie der Institute für Ökonomie und Philosophie / Cusanus Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung Ök-30), Koblenz, 20 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper compares the interconnections between dominant economic thought and processes of policy-making in the area of labour market reforms in Germany in the late 1960s and the early 2000s. The transition in labour market policies in this period could be described as a change from an active to an activating approach. At the level of economic discourse these policy changes correspond to a paradigm shift from Keynesian to neoclassical/neoliberal economic thought. We investigated these changes by focussing on two distinct reforms of labour market policies and carried out a critical discourse analysis of the relevant public and academic discourse of economists. We find that the paradigm shift in economic thought was accompanied by a shift in economists' discourses on labour market policy issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The truncated German social investment turn (2017)

    Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin;

    Zitatform

    Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin (2017): The truncated German social investment turn. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 227-234. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0020

    Abstract

    "Traditionally Germany has been categorized as the archetypical conservative welfare state, a categorization not systematically questioned in much of the comparative welfare state regime literature. For many scholars Germany was largely stuck and unable to reform its coordinated market economy and welfare state arrangements at the turn of the twenty-first century, due to a large number of veto points and players and the dominance of two 'welfare state parties'. More recent research has highlighted a widening and deepening of the historically institutionalized social protection dualism, whilst at the same time significant family policy transformations, which can be considered as partially in line with the social investment paradigm, have been emphasized. This chapter sets out to sketch the main policy developments and aims to identify political determinants of social policy change in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Zukunft der Evaluation: Trends, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven (2017)

    Stockmann, Reinhard; Meyer, Wolfgang;

    Zitatform

    Stockmann, Reinhard & Wolfgang Meyer (Hrsg.) (2017): Die Zukunft der Evaluation. Trends, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven. (Sozialwissenschaftliche Evaluationsforschung 13), Münster: Waxmann, 257 S.

    Abstract

    "Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Evaluation ist weltweit ein außergewöhnlicher Erfolg und seit zwanzig Jahren durch ein extremes Wachstum gekennzeichnet. Dies gilt auch für Deutschland, wo Evaluation auf verschiedenen Ebenen institutionalisiert werden konnte. Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit drei unterschiedlichen Facetten dieser Institutionalisierung und wagt dabei einen Blick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungstrends.
    Im ersten Abschnitt steht die Verankerung von Evaluation in der Gesellschaft im Zentrum der Betrachtungen. Zweifellos ist ohne die rapide wachsende Nachfrage öffentlicher Auftraggeber der Erfolg von Evaluation nicht zu erklären. Wieso aber Evaluation zu einem Schlüsselkonzept gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung geworden ist und ob dieser Trend sich unvermindert fortsetzen wird, sind derzeit offene Fragen.
    Damit Evaluation die beschriebenen Funktionen, Anforderungen und Erwartungen in der Gesellschaft erfüllen kann, bedarf es auf der anderen Seite eines professionellen Angebots an entsprechenden Dienstleistungen und Produkten. Die hierfür benötigten Qualifikationen und fachlichen Grundlagen werden allgemein im Wissenschaftssystem vermittelt. Die Entwicklung der Verankerung von Evaluation in Forschung und Lehre sowie die dort zu erwartenden Trends stehen im Fokus des zweiten Abschnitts.
    Eng verbunden damit ist die Frage, ob Evaluation zu einer eigenständigen Profession werden soll oder sich als spezieller Anwendungsbereich in den Fachdisziplinen institutionalisieren sollte. Dies betrifft den Stand der Theorie und Methodenentwicklung in der Evaluation sowie deren Alleinstellungsmerkmale gegenüber den etablierten Sozialwissenschaften." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Structural convergence vs. systems competition: Limits to the diversity of labour market policies in the EMU. Fellowship initiative "Challenges to Integrated Markets" (2017)

    Vandenbroucke, Frank ;

    Zitatform

    Vandenbroucke, Frank (2017): Structural convergence vs. systems competition. Limits to the diversity of labour market policies in the EMU. Fellowship initiative "Challenges to Integrated Markets". (European economy. Discussion paper 065), Brüssel, 41 S. DOI:10.2765/38194

    Abstract

    "This essay explores the question of whether successful monetary unions need to limit the diversity of its members' labour market policies and institutions.
    DG ECFIN's Fellowship Initiative 2016-2017 'Challenges to integrated markets' culminates and comes to a successful conclusion with the publication of the fellows' contributed papers in our Discussion paper series. Against the background of increasing strains to economic integration at both the global and the European level, the Initiative has brought together a group of outstanding scholars to re-examine integration challenges at the current juncture and to explore the policy options to address these challenges in a discursive interaction process between the group of fellows and Commission services. The research themes of the fellows have spanned a broad area including topics in the political economy of globalisation and integration, issues of macroeconomic policy making at the zero lower interest rate bound, and market integration challenges not least in view of deepening EMU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The recent reform of the labour market in Italy: A review (2017)

    Zitatform

    (2017): The recent reform of the labour market in Italy. A review. (European economy. Discussion paper 072), Brüssel, 42 S. DOI:10.2765/049593

    Abstract

    "Italy undertook a major reform of the labour market in 2014-2015 (Jobs Act). This paper provides a compendium of the key changes introduced. The analysis shows that the Jobs Act has contributed to bringing Italian labour market institutions more closely into line with international benchmarks and with the principles of flexicurity. Employment protection legislation for permanent contracts has been brought into line with that of major European partners, although it remains more restrictive than the OECD average. The focus of passive labour market policies has shifted from job to worker protection, which will facilitate the reallocation of workers to more productive occupations. The designed strengthening of active labour market policies would improve job matching and reduce structural unemployment, but thorough implementation remains the key factor for achieving this critical goal. Extending the new rules on employment protection legislation also to existing permanent contracts and the strengthening of the collective bargaining framework could be considered as a follow up to the recent reform. Flanking measures to open product markets and reform the public sector are crucial to deliver the entire potential impact of the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Drivers and effects of labour market reforms: evidence from a novel policy compendium (2016)

    Adăscăliței, Dragoș ; Pignatti Morano, Clemente;

    Zitatform

    Adăscăliței, Dragoș & Clemente Pignatti Morano (2016): Drivers and effects of labour market reforms. Evidence from a novel policy compendium. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 5, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1186/s40173-016-0071-z

    Abstract

    "The paper analyses the determinants and short-term effects of labour market reforms, using information from a novel policy compendium that covers 110 developed and developing economies between 2008 and 2014. We find that the approval of reforms is positively associated with the unemployment rate, the simultaneous implementation of fiscal consolidation measures and the presence of a fixed exchange rate regime. Differences in the results are explored by looking at the direction of reforms (i.e. increasing or decreasing legislation), temporal horizon (i.e. temporary or permanent measures) and coverage (i.e. complete or two-tier reforms); while also analysing separately reforms' determinants across domains of labour legislation (e.g. permanent contracts, collective dismissals). Finally, we find that deregulatory labour market reforms tend to increase the unemployment rate in the short run when they are approved during contractionary periods -- while they have a non-significant effect when approved during periods of economic stability or expansion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluating labour market policy (2016)

    Eichhorst, Werner; Konle-Seidl, Regina ;

    Zitatform

    Eichhorst, Werner & Regina Konle-Seidl (2016): Evaluating labour market policy. (IZA discussion paper 9966), Bonn, 16 S.

    Abstract

    "Labour market institutions are deemed to have a great influence on the level and structure of employment. This holds for regulation on employment protection, minimum wages or tax/benefit systems as well as active labour market policies. This is why policy makers implement labour market reforms in order to stimulate job creation. The hope linked to labour market reforms is a sustainable reduction of structural and cyclical unemployment. This chapter reviews major approaches and findings on the evaluation of the impact of different labour market institutions but pays particular attention to active labour market policies that play an important role in the portfolio of economic policy makers in many OECD countries for several decades. Rigorous evaluation in this field has grown rapidly since the early 2000s. Describing concrete evaluation studies we focus on the important role of good data, methodological problems and discuss the impact on participants as well as possible effects on non-participants. We further describe how to investigate whether a programme also achieved positive net effects at a macroeconomic level. Finally, we have a closer look on policy implications and interactions with other institutional features." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    "Magisches Vieleck" der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Ein Vorschlag für eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Perspektive (2016)

    Figerl, Jürgen; Moser, Rudolf; Tamesberger, Dennis;

    Zitatform

    Figerl, Jürgen, Rudolf Moser & Dennis Tamesberger (2016): "Magisches Vieleck" der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Ein Vorschlag für eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Perspektive. In: SWS-Rundschau, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 468-488.

    Abstract

    "Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik als ein bedeutendes sozial- und wirtschaftspolitisches Handlungsfeld hat mehrere Ziele und Interessengruppen zu vereinen. In der alltäglichen Debatte sowie auch offiziell im Arbeitsmarktservicegesetz werden meist die Wiedereingliederung von Arbeitslosen in den Arbeitsmarkt und die Senkung von Arbeitslosigkeit als Ziele angegeben. Der Artikel schlägt einen erweiterten Zielkanon im Sinne eines magischen Vieleckes für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik vor. Hierbei charakterisiert sich eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Arbeitsmarktpolitik durch eine ausgewogene Berücksichtigung der Interessen von ArbeitnehmerInnen und ArbeitgeberInnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zentrale Instrumente der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Österreich (Eingliederungsbeihilfe, Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen, sozialökonomische Betriebe und gemeinnützige Beschäftigungsprojekte, Beratungs- und Betreuungseinrichtungen) auf Mikro- und auf Makroebene evaluiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen in der Lage sind, die meisten Ziele zu vereinen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Welfare user roles in a conservative welfare state. Are Germans citizens, consumers or co-producers? (2016)

    Köppe, Stephan ; Blank, Florian ; Ewert, Benjamin ;

    Zitatform

    Köppe, Stephan, Benjamin Ewert & Florian Blank (2016): Welfare user roles in a conservative welfare state. Are Germans citizens, consumers or co-producers? In: Journal of international and comparative social policy, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1080/21699763.2015.1118400

    Abstract

    "Many welfare states have embraced choice and market mechanisms since the 1990s. With respect to welfare users, it has been argued that this led to a change from citizens to consumers. This paper challenges this observation and discusses changes of welfare user roles in the German welfare state. The main argument rests on the assumption that user roles are much more complex and include claimants and co-producers in addition to citizens and consumers. Based on this heuristic model of multiple user roles, empirical evidence for user roles in pension insurance, health care and schools is presented. Indeed, we observe a shift towards consumers in many fields of welfare provision, but German users are still largely addressed as claimants and citizens. Moreover, they are acting as active co-producers, entitled claimants, subversive consumers and needy patients." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment and training programs (2015)

    Barnow, Burt S. ; Smith, Jeffrey ;

    Zitatform

    Barnow, Burt S. & Jeffrey Smith (2015): Employment and training programs. (NBER working paper 21659), Cambrige, Mass., 154 S. DOI:10.3386/w21659

    Abstract

    "This chapter considers means-tested employment and training programs in the United States. We focus in particular on large, means-tested federal programs, including the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), its successor the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), that program's recent replacement, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the long-running Job Corps program, and the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The first part of the chapter provides details on program history, organization, expenditures, eligibility rules, services, and participant characteristics. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss the applied econometric methods typically used to evaluate these programs, which in the United States means primarily social experiments and methods such as matching that rely on an assumption of 'selection on observed variables.' The third part of the chapter reviews the literature evaluating these programs, highlighting both methodological and substantive lessons learned as well as open questions. The fourth part of the chapter considers what lessons the evaluation literature provides on program operation, especially how to best allocate particular services to particular participants. The final section concludes with the big picture lessons from this literature and discussion of promising directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations (2015)

    Card, David ; Weber, Andrea ; Kluve, Jochen;

    Zitatform

    Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2015): What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations. (IZA discussion paper 9236), Bonn, 54 S.

    Abstract

    "We present a meta-analysis of impact estimates from over 200 recent econometric evaluations of active labor market programs from around the world. We classify estimates by program type and participant group, and distinguish between three different post-program time horizons. Using meta-analytic models for the effect size of a given estimate (for studies that model the probability of employment) and for the sign and significance of the estimate (for all the studies in our sample) we conclude that: (1) average impacts are close to zero in the short run, but become more positive 2-3 years after completion of the program; (2) the time profile of impacts varies by type of program, with larger gains for programs that emphasize human capital accumulation; (3) there is systematic heterogeneity across participant groups, with larger impacts for females and participants who enter from long term unemployment; (4) active labor market programs are more likely to show positive impacts in a recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes: designed out of or designed in to the UK work programme? (2015)

    Carter, Eleanor ; Whitworth, Adam ;

    Zitatform

    Carter, Eleanor & Adam Whitworth (2015): Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes. Designed out of or designed in to the UK work programme? In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 277-296. DOI:10.1017/S0047279414000841

    Abstract

    "'Creaming' and 'parking' are endemic concerns within quasi-marketised welfare-to-work (WTW) systems internationally, and the UK's flagship Work Programme for the long-term unemployed is something of an international pioneer of WTW delivery, based on outsourcing, payment by results and provider flexibility. In the Work Programme design, providers' incentives to 'cream' and 'park' differently positioned claimants are intended to be mitigated through the existence of nine payment groups (based on claimants' prior benefit type) into which different claimants are allocated and across which job outcome payments for providers differ. Evaluation evidence suggests however that 'creaming' and 'parking' practices remain common. This paper offers original quantitative insights into the extent of claimant variation within these payment groups, which, contrary to the government's intention, seem more likely to design in rather than design out 'creaming' and 'parking'. In response, a statistical approach to differential payment setting is explored and is shown to be a viable and more effective way to design a set of alternative and empirically grounded payment groups, offering greater predictive power and value-for-money than is the case in the current Work Programme design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market reforms in Greece and the wage curve (2015)

    Cholezas, Ioannis; Kanellopoulos, Nikolaos C. ;

    Zitatform

    Cholezas, Ioannis & Nikolaos C. Kanellopoulos (2015): Labour market reforms in Greece and the wage curve. In: Economics letters, Jg. 136, H. November, S. 19-21. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.08.026

    Abstract

    "We offer strong evidence of a wage curve mechanism in Greece, which seems to be substantially enhanced by reforms aimed at increasing labour market flexibility. Male, older, more qualified and rural employees appear to be more sensitive to regional unemployment." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries: a reassessment (2015)

    Gal, Peter; Theising, Adam;

    Zitatform

    Gal, Peter & Adam Theising (2015): The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries. A reassessment. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1271), Paris, 65 S. DOI:10.1787/5jrqc6t8ktjf-en

    Abstract

    "This paper presents a first set of updates and extensions of the large body of existing evidence about the aggregate labour market impact of structural policies, in the context of enhancing the OECD's supply-side framework for the quantification of reform packages. In line with previous findings, elements of the tax benefit system, activation policies and wage setting institutions are found to be robust policy determinants of the aggregate employment and unemployment rates. Looking beyond the overall employment impact, outcomes for vulnerable groups such as the low educated, the youth and the elderly tend to be more affected by certain structural policies, including specific measures targeted at them. Finally, more competition-friendly product market regulations are also found to impact aggregate employment rates positively and significantly, although less robustly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The latest italian labour market reforms in the perspective of decent work basic-relations-fairness proposal (2015)

    Lavagnini, Martina; Mennella, Antonella;

    Zitatform

    Lavagnini, Martina & Antonella Mennella (2015): The latest italian labour market reforms in the perspective of decent work basic-relations-fairness proposal. In: Global Labour Journal, Jg. 6, H. 2, S. 156-172.

    Abstract

    "This work is a contribution to the debate on 'decent work', here developed as an instrument to measure an aspect of human development. The concept, conceived by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1999, is here interpreted in relation to Sen's (1999) capability approach. The main idea is that decent work 'can be a liberator' (Sen, 1999: 116). Elements identified in the basicrelations- fairness proposal are grouped into three profiles, which are ordered into two levels. Obstacles to decent work or 'working defects' are understood as the distance from the actual to the desired labour condition, and improvements of the quality of labour are interpreted as approaching the desired situation. The proposal is firstly presented theoretically, then used to interpret labour market reforms in Italy from the 'Treu law' in 1997 to 'Fornero reform' in 2012." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness (2015)

    Martin, John P.;

    Zitatform

    Martin, John P. (2015): Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries. Stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 4, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1186/s40173-015-0032-y

    Abstract

    "Activation policies aimed at getting working-age people off benefits and into work have become a buzzword in labour market policies. Yet they are defined and implemented differently across OECD countries and their success rates vary too. The Great Recession has posed a severe stress test for these policies with some commentators arguing that they are at best 'fair weather' policies. This paper sheds light on these issues mainly via the lens of recent OECD research. It presents the stylized facts on how OECD countries have responded to the Great Recession in terms of ramping up their spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs), a key component in any activation strategy. It then reviews the macroeconomic evidence on the impact of ALMPs on employment and unemployment rates. This is followed by a review of the key lessons from recent OECD country reviews of activation policies. It concludes with a discussion of crucial unanswered questions about activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    UK labour market policy then and now (2015)

    Mayhew, Ken;

    Zitatform

    Mayhew, Ken (2015): UK labour market policy then and now. In: Oxford review of economic policy, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 199-216. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grv017

    Abstract

    "This article considers the evolution of UK labour market policy during the last 30 years. It does this through the lens of the 'social model'. The social model encompasses the employment relations system, the social welfare system, and the education and training system. It was changed dramatically by the Thatcher and Major governments. The succeeding Labour and Coalition governments largely embraced this new model and, in some ways, increased the pace of change. The consequences for labour market performance - employment, unemployment, productivity, and inequality - are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The German unemployment since the Hartz reforms: permanent or transitory fall? (2015)

    Stephan, Gaëtan; Lecumberry, Julien;

    Zitatform

    Stephan, Gaëtan & Julien Lecumberry (2015): The German unemployment since the Hartz reforms. Permanent or transitory fall? In: Economics letters, Jg. 136, H. November, S. 49-54. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.08.003

    Abstract

    "The Hartz reforms were designed to make the German labor market more flexible in order to reverse the increasing trend of unemployment. This paper employs unobserved components models in order to distinguish permanent from transitory movements in the German unemployment rate. Our results show that the permanent component of the German unemployment was reduced in the range of 1.1 and 2.6 percentage points after the Hartz reforms." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))

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