Zitatform

Kleifgen, Eva, Duncan Roth & Ignat Stepanok (2021): Exportbetriebe und die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie: Kriseneffekte unterscheiden sich nach Zielländern der Exporte. (IAB-Kurzbericht 10/2021), Nürnberg, 8 S.

Abstract

"In Deutschland hängt mehr als ein Viertel aller Arbeitsplätze vom Export ab und die Covid-19-Pandemie hat im Jahr 2020 zu einem beträchtlichen Rückgang des Exportvolumens geführt. Dennoch sind Exportbetriebe nach eigener Einschätzung im Durchschnitt nicht stärker von der Pandemie betroffen als nicht exportierende Betriebe. Allerdings gibt es in der Gruppe der Exporteure Unterschiede je nach Zielland ihrer Ausfuhren. Das zeigt eine aktuelle Betriebsbefragung des IAB zu den wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf exportierende Betriebe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Konle-Seidl, Regina (2021): Is this crisis different? The impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the economic and social situation of young people in Europe (Series "Tracking youth joblessness during the Covid-19 crisis"). In: IAB-Forum H. 22.12.2021, o. Sz., 2021-12-21.

Abstract

"Wirtschaftliche Einbrüche haben für junge Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt allgemein schwerwiegendere Folgen als für andere Altersgruppen. Wie wirkt sich die Covid-19-Krise diesbezüglich im Vergleich mit der globalen Finanzkrise vor einem Jahrzehnt aus? Ein genauer Blick auch auf andere europäische Länder liefert hier interessante Einblicke." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Kpodar, Kangni R., Montfort Mlachila, Saad N. Quayyum & Vigninou Gammadigbe (2021): Defying the Odds: Remittances During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (IMF working paper 2021,186), Washington, DC, 35 S.

Abstract

"This paper provides an early assessment of the dynamics and drivers of remittances during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a newly compiled monthly remittance dataset for a sample of 52 countries, of which 16 countries with bilateral remittance data. The paper documents a strong resilience in remittance flows, notwithstanding an unprecedent global recession triggered by the pandemic. Using the local projection approach to estimate the impulse response functions of remittance flows during Jan 2020-Dec 2020, the paper provides evidence that: (i) remittances responded positively to COVID-19 infection rates in migrant home countries, underscoring its role as an important automatic stabilizer; (ii) stricter containment measures have the unintended consequence of dampening remittances; and (iii) a shift from informal to formal remittance channels due to travel restrictions appears to have also played a role in the surge in formal remittances. Lastly, the size of the fiscal stimulus in host countries is positively associated with remittances as the fiscal response cushions the economic impact of the pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Larsen, Christa, Jenny Kipper, Alfons Schmid & Ciprian Panzaru (Hrsg.) (2021): Transformations of Regional and Local Labour Markets Across Europe in Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Times. Challenges for Regional and Local Observatories. (Forschung und deren Anwendung im Bereich des regionalen und lokalen Arbeitsmarktmonitorings im transnationalen Vergleich (Veröffentlichungen des IWAK)), Baden-Baden: Nomos, 415 S. DOI:10.5771/9783957104007

Abstract

"The European Network on Regional Labour Market Monitoring publishes annual anthologies to gather perspectives from all over Europe and beyond on current topics related to regional and local labour markets. In the anthology of 2021, over 30 network members from ten countries reflect on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and state interventions or other measures in different localities and circumstances. They provide analyses on a variety of framework conditions of regional and local labour markets and their influence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the authors shed light on state interventions and other measures from a comparative perspective. Discussions on the acceleration of social inequality, digitalisation and structural changes during the COVID-19 pandemic complement their multifaceted approaches. Overall, the authors provide information on data, as well as methodological and conceptual approaches that can be applied in regional and local labour market observatories to help regions and localities in their processes of digital, social and sustainable transition." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Livanos, Ilias & Panagiotis Ravanos (2021): Job loss and COVID-19. Do remote work, automation and tasks at work matter? (CEDEFOP working paper series 2021,4), Thessaloniki, 41 S. DOI:10.2801/00455

Abstract

"The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have adverse and non-uniform impacts on future employment prospects for different job positions in the EU. We investigate two possible determinants of the variation of future employment loss due to the pandemic: the potential of a job to be carried out ‘from home’ and the risk of being substituted by automation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Major, Lee Elliot, Andrew Eyles & Stephen Machin (2021): Unequal learning and labour market losses in the crisis: consequences for social mobility. (CEP discussion paper 1748), London, 33 S.

Abstract

"The unequal learning and labour market losses arising in the UK due to the Covid-19 pandemic are used to assess the consequences for social mobility. Labour market and learning losses have been more pronounced for people from poorer families and this is incorporated into a generalisation of the standard, canonical social mobility model. A calibration shows a significantly higher intergenerational elasticity - reflecting lower social mobility - because of the uneven nature of losses by family income, and from dynamic scarring. Results from a randomised information experiment incorporated in a bespoke Social Mobility Survey corroborate this, as participants become more sceptical about the social mobility prospects of the Covid generation when given information about the losses that have occurred in the crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Meinen, Philipp, Roberta Serafini & Ottavia Papagalli (2021): Regional economic impact of Covid-19: the role of sectoral structure and trade linkages. (European Central Bank. Working paper series 2528), Frankfurt am Main, 22 S.

Abstract

"The paper provides an ex-post analysis of the determinants of within-country regional heterogeneity of the labour market impact of COVID-19. By focussing on the first wave of the pandemic in the four largest euro area economies, it finds that the propagation of the economic impact across regions cannot be explained by the spread of infections only. Instead, a region's economic structure is a significant driver of the observed heterogeneity. Moreover, our results suggest that a region's trade relations, both within and across countries, represent a relevant indirect channel through which COVID-19 related disruptions affect regional economic activity. In this regard, the analysis depicts vulnerabilities arising from potential disruptions of the highly integrated EU supply chains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Niehues, Judith & Maximilian Stockhausen (2021): Inequality revisited: An international comparison with a special focus on the case of Germany. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2021,18), Köln, 50 S.

Abstract

"While global extreme poverty and global income inequality have decreased over the last decades before the Corona pandemic, inequality within many industrialized countries has increased. In Germany, net income inequality has increased after the German reunification, but since 2005 there has merely been no change in the distribution of net incomes. A similar picture can be drawn for the development of net wealth, which is generally more unequally distributed than net income. Since the end of the financial crisis, the level of net wealth inequality hast remained almost unchanged. In the last decade, both income and wealth have remarkably increased on average across all income and wealth groups. This development was accompanied by a rising share of labour income reaching levels of the 1990s again. Unfortunately, the Corona pandemic has put a temporary end to the positive income development, and it is not clear so far, what the long-run consequences of the Corona pandemic will be. In the short-run, it is especially a threat to the very poor in developing countries and it is a large challenge in the fight against global extreme poverty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Nieuwenhuis, Rense & Mara A. Yerkes (2021): Workers' well-being in the context of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 226-235. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2021.1880049

Abstract

"In this Voices article, we use emerging evidence to reflect on the consequences of Covid-19 for various aspects of workers' wellbeing. This brief review emphasises how COVID-19 exacerbates existing, well-understood inequalities, along the intersections of community, work, and family. Workers on the periphery of the labour market, including non-standard workers and the self-employed, but also women and low-paid workers, are experiencing significant losses in relation to work, working hours and/or wages. Even once the pandemic is contained, its impact will continue to be felt by many communities, workers, and families for months and years to come." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Osuna, Victoria & José Ignacio García-Pérez (2021): Temporary layoffs, short-time work and COVID-19: the case of a dual labour market. (Working papers series / Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Economics 2021.11), Sevilla, 23 S.

Abstract

"This paper examines the type of short-time work schemes implemented in Spain to preserve jobs and worker's incomes during the COVID-19 crisis. These policies have typically involved some degree of subsidization of payroll taxes for firms and also subsidies to workers. For this purpose, we simulate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 on labor market outcomes. The steady-state results show that the availability of short-time work schemes and temporary layoffs does not necessarily prevent a large increase in unemployment and job destruction. The effects of these measures depend on the degree of subsidization of payroll taxes and on the design of the policy. The heavily subsidized short-time work schemes provide incentives to preserve workers on payroll working very few hours that would not have been employed in the benchmark situation, generating deadweight costs and inefficiencies. The transition exercise shows that a scenario with a moderate degree of subsidization of payroll taxes, and where the subsidy is independent of the reduction in hours worked, is the least harmful for both welfare and fiscal deficit. However, this is not the scenario that maximizes the number of jobs preserved. A more generous short-time work scheme, similar to the one implemented in the first year of the pandemic, accomplishes that goal instead. The drawbacks, though, are fiscal sustainability and deadweight costs. The winners and losers exercise shows that more than 50% of the workers are hit negatively in terms of average income and very few workers are better off after this shock: less than 3% in the scenarios which heavily subsidizes short-time work as a result of this generous work sharing strategy. The category that experiences the strongest distributional changes is the one composed of unemployed workers. In the heavily subsidized short-time work scenarios they are the ones who improve more in terms of the proportion of workers affected and also in terms of the average increase" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Palomino, Juan C., Juan G. Rodríguez & Raquel Sebastian (2021): The COVID-19 shock on the labour market: Poverty and inequality effects across Spanish regions. (Documentos de trabajo / ICAE 2103), Madrid, 24 S.

Abstract

"We evaluate the distributional consequences of social distancing for the case of Spanish regions. Under 2 months of lockdown plus 10 months of partial functioning our study consistently finds potential wage losses that are sizeable and uneven across the wage distribution all around Spain, but with different intensity depending on the region's productive structure. The increase of the headcount poverty index oscillates between 8.2 (Navarre) and 19.2 (the Balearic Islands) percentage points, while the Gini coefficient rises between 2.3 (Navarre) and 5.3 (the Balearic Islands) Gini points. We also find that inequality between regions increases, eroding regional cohesion in Spain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Paterson-Young, Claire (2021): Covid-19: emerging needs for unemployed and economically inactive individuals. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 24, H. 5, S. 507-511. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2021.1931032

Abstract

"This Voices article presents emerging findings from research investigating the consequences of Covid-19 on individuals engaged on employability programmes in the United Kingdom. It outlines the challenges presented by ‘lockdown’ restrictions, as introduced to reduce the spread of Covid-19, on the delivery of employability programmes. Individuals engaged on such programmes experience a wealth of needs that have been compounded by Covid-19, resulting in new, emerging needs relating to personal wellbeing, social isolation, and confidence. Without effective and innovative support, individuals experiencing unemployment and economic inactivity will undoubtedly experience increased inequality; this inequality impacts on family, with individuals experiencing isolation from such, which in turn reduces wellbeing and stimuli, and indeed work, with Covid-19 compounding challenges in securing employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Pigeron-Piroth, Isabelle, Ines Funk, Birte Nienaber, H. Peter Dörrenbächer & Rachid Belkacem (2021): Der grenzüberschreitende Arbeitsmarkt der Großregion. Der Einfluss der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: Informationen zur Raumentwicklung, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 74-85.

Abstract

"Während der erste Welle der Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 wurde die grenzüberschreitende Mobilität in der Großregion (Saarland, Lothringen, Luxemburg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Wallonien) massiv beschränkt. Seit Beginn der zweiten Welle der Pandemie im Herbst 2020 stehen die Grenzen erneut im Fokus der öffentlichen Debatte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Profeta, Paola, Ximena Caló & Roberto Occhiuzzi (2021): COVID-19 and its economic impact on women and women's poverty. Insights from 5 European Countries : study, requested by the FEMM committe. Brüssel, 58 S. DOI:10.2861/895019

Abstract

"This in-depth, case-analytical overview, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on a representative sample of member states with the aim of alimenting policy recommendations for the COVID-19 recovery period to ensure that the gains of the past years in the matter of gender equality are not overridden by the short-term negative effects of the measures implemented to combat the COVID-19 sanitary crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Riehm, Kira E., Calliope Holingue, Emily J. Smail, Arie Kapteyn, Daniel Bennett, Johannes Thrul, Frauke Kreuter, Emma E. McGinty, Luther G. Kalb, Cindy B. Veldhuis, Renee M. Johnson, M. Daniele Fallin & Elizabeth A. Stuart (2021): Trajectories of Mental Distress Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Annals of behavioral medicine, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 93-102., 2020-12-22. DOI:10.1093/abm/kaaa126

Abstract

"Cross-sectional studies have found that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected population-level mental health. Longitudinal studies are necessary to examine trajectories of change in mental health over time and identify sociodemographic groups at risk for persistent distress. To examine the trajectories of mental distress between March 10 and August 4, 2020, a key period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 6,901 adults from the nationally representative Understanding America Study, surveyed at baseline between March 10 and 31, 2020, with nine follow-up assessments between April 1 and August 4, 2020. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between date and self-reported mental distress (measured with the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire) among U.S. adults overall and among sociodemographic subgroups defined by sex, age, race/ethnicity, household structure, federal poverty line, and census region. Compared to March 11, the odds of mental distress among U.S. adults overall were 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65–2.07) times higher on April 1 and 1.92 (95% CI = 1.62–2.28) times higher on May 1; by August 1, the odds of mental distress had returned to levels comparable to March 11 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96). Females experienced a sharper increase in mental distress between March and May compared to males (females: OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.85–2.82; males: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15–2.02). These findings highlight the trajectory of mental health symptoms during an unprecedented pandemic, including the identification of populations at risk for sustained mental distress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Schiemann, Scott & Atsushi Narisada (2021): A less objectionable greed? Work-life conflict and unjust pay during a pandemic. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 71. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100564

Zitatform

Sedik, Tahsin Saadi & Jiae Yoo (2021): Pandemics and Automation: Will the Lost Jobs Come Back? (IMF working paper 2021,11), Washington, DC, 26 S.

Abstract

"COVID-19 has exacerbated concerns about the rise of the robots and other automation technologies. This paper analyzes empirically the impact of past major pandemics on robot adoption and inequality. First, we find that pandemic events accelerate robot adoption, especially when the health impact is severe and is associated with a significant economic downturn. Second, while robots may raise productivity, they could also increase inequality by displacing low-skilled workers. We find that following a pandemic, the increase in inequality over the medium term is larger for economies with higher robot density and where new robot adoption has increased more. Our results suggest that the concerns about the rise of the robots amid the COVID-19 pandemic seem justified." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Sjögren, Anna, Mattias Mattias, Caroline Hall, Helena Holmlund, Martin Lundin, Hanna Mühlrad & Björn Öckert (2021): Swedish children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2021,03), Bonn, 133 S.

Abstract

"Based on previous research, available statistics and current information on the COVID-19 pandemic, this report analyses and discusses possible consequences of the ongoing pandemic for Swedish children and youth, in the short and longer term. The pandemic is discussed in five chapters focusing on (1)the impact on childhood environment and human capital development,(2)the consequences for children's development and school performance due to increased absenteeism among children, students and teachers in preschools and schools, (3) the effects of distance education, (4)the impact on the demand for education, and (5)consequences for labour market entry and long run labour market outcomes. It is too early to draw firm conclusions about the long-term consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, and yet our overall conclusion is that the pandemic has negative consequences for many children and young adults. Children and youth from disadvantaged environments, with a weak socio-economic background and an inadequate social safety net, are more likely to be severely affected. There are therefore reasons to safeguard and develop the institutions, such as prenatal and child healthcare, social services and school health programs that provide services for children and youth. Moreover, the education system has an important task in compensating for shortcomings in human capital development and lost opportunities caused by the pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Soric, Petar & Oscar Claveria (2021): Employment uncertainty a year after the irruption of the covid-19 pandemic. (AQR working paper 2021,04), Barcelona, 24 S.

Abstract

"This paper examines the evolution of consumer uncertainty about unemployment one year after the irruption of the covid-19 pandemic in European countries. Since uncertainty is not directly observable, we use two alternative methods to directly approximate it. Both approaches are based on qualitative expectations elicited form the consumer survey conducted by the European Commission. On the one hand, following Dibiasi and Iselin (2019), we use the share of consumers unable to formalize expectations about unemployment (Knightian-type uncertainty). On the other hand, we use the geometric discrepancy indicator proposed by Claveria et al. (2019) to quantify the proportion of disagreement in business and consumer expectations. We have used information from 22 European countries. We find that both uncertainty measures covary. Although we observe marked differences across countries, in most cases the perception of employment uncertainty peaked before the outbreak of the crisis, plummeted during the first months of the lockdown, and started rising again since the past few months. When testing for cointegration with the unemployment rate, we find that the discrepancy indicator exhibits a long- term relationship with unemployment in most countries, while the Knightian uncertainty indicator shows a purely short-run relationship. The impact of both indicators on unemployment is characterised by considerable asymmetries, showing a more intense reaction to decreases in the level of uncertainty. While this finding may seem counterintuitive at first sight, it somehow reflects the fact that during recessive periods, the level of disagreement in the employment expectations of consumers drops considerably" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Vanhercke, Bart, Slavina Spasova & Boris Fronteddu (Hrsg.) (2021): Social policy in the European Union: state of play 2020. Facing the pandemic. (Social policy in the European Union : state of play ... 21), Brüssel, 220 S.

Abstract

"Sweeping across Asia like the hordes of Genghis Khan, the Covid-19 virus struck Europe in the early weeks of 2020. With the pandemic tightening its grip on populations across the continent, wide-ranging restrictions were implemented by Member State governments, albeit initially with little coordination from Brussels. With this as background for this year’s Bilan social, the first chapters analyse the impact of the pandemic on various aspects of intense EU social policymaking throughout 2019 and the first half of 2020. These include the EU’s quite effective coordination of public health measures and its unprecedented economic and social support measures. On the downside, gender equality has taken a hit, further raising the necessity for ambitious EU initiatives in this area. Moving away from the direct effects of the pandemic, the book goes on to look at how the Green Deal is being implemented and whether it has sufficient clout to meet the EU’s CO2 targets without overly impacting employment. Perhaps a completely new approach is needed. In the same vein, the book analyses recent developments in the European Semester, looking at how the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the European Pillar of Social Rights are moving up the Semester agenda, albeit not without difficulty. The final chapter looks at the difficulties involved in introducing a common framework for fair minimum wages through binding EU legislation. With less wiggle room available to social affairs players under the new EU Recovery and Resilience Facility and the European Semester at least temporarily put on the back burner, the conclusions discuss whether the ongoing ‘crisisification’ of European policymaking may, ultimately, pave the way for further European integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))