Übergänge in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung
Wer einen Ausbildungsplatz sucht, braucht einen möglichst guten Schulabschluss. Eine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung ist wiederum ein entscheidender Faktor für die dauerhafte Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und in die Gesellschaft. Viele Jugendliche scheitern jedoch an den beiden Hürden Schulabschluss und Ausbildungsplatzsuche. Neben leistungsschwächeren Jugendlichen sind vor allem sozial Benachteiligte betroffen. Dieses Themendossier präsentiert mit Hinweisen auf Forschungsprojekte sowie weiteren relevanten Internetquellen wissenschaftliche Befunde und Diskussionen zur Übergangsproblematik an der 1. und 2. Schwelle sowie politischen Förderstrategien zur Verbesserung der Einmündung in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung.
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Literaturhinweis
Interns and outcomes: Just how effective are internships as a bridge to stable employment? (2018)
O'Higgins, Niall; Pinedo, Luis;Zitatform
O'Higgins, Niall & Luis Pinedo (2018): Interns and outcomes: Just how effective are internships as a bridge to stable employment? (Employment working paper 241), Genf, VI, 33 S.
Abstract
"New and emerging forms of 'non-standard' employment are coming to dominate young people's early labour market experiences. Amongst these, internships are increasingly becoming an integral part of the school-to-work transition. Yet little is known about their effectiveness in providing a bridge to longer term employment and/or employability. The paper builds on existing ILO work on contractual arrangements for young people undertaken by the Youth Employment Programme, and focuses on the impact of internships on young people's labour market experiences.
The paper reviews the existing evidence and analyses primary survey data collected by the European Commission and the Fair Internship Initiative (FII) in order to assess the design features which contribute to better internships. The paper shows that paid and well-designed internships payoff: Young people with a paid internship are more likely to find a job than those who were not remunerated. The presence of a mentor, similar working conditions to regular employees, including access to health insurance, and sufficient duration of internships also contribute to increasing the effectiveness of internships." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Adaptation of national apprenticeship systems to advanced manufacturing: Future of manufacturing in Europe (2018)
Voss, Eckhard; Riso, Sara; Schöneberg, Katharina; Bridgford, Jeff;Zitatform
Voss, Eckhard, Katharina Schöneberg, Jeff Bridgford & Sara Riso (2018): Adaptation of national apprenticeship systems to advanced manufacturing. Future of manufacturing in Europe. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 72 S. DOI:10.2806/81072
Abstract
"Apprenticeships combining alternating periods at the workplace and in training institutions are well suited to providing young people with an entry point into the labour market and to supplying enterprises with skilled workers. This report examines apprenticeship systems and practices in the manufacturing sector in five EU Member States (Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland and Italy) and two countries outside Europe (Australia and the USA), exploring reform processes in response to new skill requirements arising from technological change. The report highlights the variety of approaches to modernising national apprenticeship systems and sheds light on the many challenges posed by technological change. A promising avenue is to establish a coherent industrial policy framework that prioritises skills acquisition, supports the transition from initial to higher vocational and educational training, and assigns a central role to apprenticeship training in the context of the modernisation of manufacturing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
General versus vocational education: lessons from a quasi-experiment in Croatia (2018)
Zilic, Ivan;Zitatform
Zilic, Ivan (2018): General versus vocational education: lessons from a quasi-experiment in Croatia. In: Economics of education review, Jg. 62, H. February, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.10.009
Abstract
"This paper identifies the causal effect an educational reform implemented in Croatia in 1975/76 and 1977/78 had on educational and labor market outcomes. High-school education was split into two phases which resulted in reduced tracking, extended general curriculum for students attending vocational training, and an attachment of a vocational context to general high-school programs. Exploiting the rules on elementary school entry and timing of the reform, we use a regression discontinuity design and pooled Labor Force Surveys 2000 - 2012 to analyze the effect of the reform on educational attainment and labor market outcomes. We observe heterogeneity of the effects of the reform across gender, as for males we find that the probability of completing high school as well as the probability of completing university education decreased, while for females we do not observe any adverse effects. We explain this heterogeneity via different selection into schooling for males and females. The reform did not positively affect individuals' labor market prospects; therefore, we conclude that the observed general-vocational wage differential is mainly driven by self-selection into the type of high school." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A lost generation? The early career effects of graduating during a recession (2017)
Zitatform
Berge, Wiljan van den & Arne Brouwers (2017): A lost generation? The early career effects of graduating during a recession. (CPB discussion paper / CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis 356), Den Haag, 35 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the effect of graduating during a recession on the early careers of high educated graduates in the Netherlands between 1996 and 2012. Exploiting field-specific differences in un- employment rates, we find that graduates on average suffer a 2.3% lower wage in a typical recession in their first year. The wage loss fades out four years after graduation. Employment probabilities are hardly affected. We find that women suffer larger wage losses than men. Poor entry conditions are associated with an increased probability of employment at lower quality employers. The primary mechanism through which graduates catch up to their luckier counterparts is mobility across jobs and sectors to better paying employers. We show that those who graduate during a recession are more likely to switch jobs earlier, and less likely to switch jobs later in their career. This suggests an intertemporal shift in job-search effort. While both men and women who graduate during a recession are more likely to switch employers in the short-run, the average returns to successful job search are much higher for men than for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'Diversion or safety net?': Institutions and public opinion on vocational education and training (2017)
Zitatform
Di Stasio, Valentina (2017): 'Diversion or safety net?'. Institutions and public opinion on vocational education and training. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 360-372. DOI:10.1177/0958928717719199
Abstract
"Vocational education and training (VET) has been described in the sociological literature as a mixed blessing. On one hand, vocational qualifications facilitate the school-to-work transitions of youth (safety net function of VET); on the other hand, placement into vocational tracks dissuades students from attending higher education (diversion function of VET). In this study, I analyse whether VET is perceived to function as a safety net and/or a diversion route by the public at large. VET systems greatly vary across countries with regard to their perceived prestige, the involvement of social partners in the provision of training and the certification of occupational skills. Thus, I focus on whether perceptions of VET vary systematically across countries. Using Eurobarometer data from 2011, I show that in countries with occupationally oriented VET systems, which provide work-based training in the form of apprenticeships, both the safety net and diversion functions are recognized as distinctive aspects of VET. Although public perceptions of the safety net function do not vary across education groups, the analyses show that highly educated individuals are less likely than the other education groups to suggest vocational education as an option, even when they do recognize its role as a safety net. This study contributes to our understanding of the micro-level mechanisms that underlie the formation of educational preferences across social groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
School-to-work linkages in the United States, Germany, and France (2017)
Zitatform
DiPrete, Thomas A., Christina Ciocca Eller, Thijs Bol & Herman G. van de Werfhorst (2017): School-to-work linkages in the United States, Germany, and France. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 122, H. 6, S. 1869-1938. DOI:10.1086/691327
Abstract
"A new research agenda is proposed for assessing the strength of linkages between educational credentials, including fields of study, and occupational positions. The authors argue that a theoretically fruitful conception of linkage strength requires a focus on granular structure as well as the macroinstitutional characteristics of pathways between education and the labor market. Building on recent advances in the study of multigroup segregation, the authors find that Germany has stronger overall linkage strength than France or the United States. However, the extent to which the three countries differ varies substantially across educational levels and fields of study. The authors illustrate the substantive importance of the new approach by showing, first, that the standard organization space/qualification space distinction poorly describes the contemporary difference between Germany and France and, second, that relative mean occupational wages in Germany and the United States vary directlywith the relative linkage strength for occupations in the two countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vocational vs. general education and employment over the life-cycle: new evidence from PIAAC (2017)
Zitatform
Hampf, Franziska & Ludger Wößmann (2017): Vocational vs. general education and employment over the life-cycle. New evidence from PIAAC. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 255-296. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifx012
Abstract
"It has been argued that vocational education facilitates the school-to-work transition but reduces later adaptability to changing environments. Using the recent international data of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we confirm such a trade-off over the life cycle in a difference-in-differences model that compares employment rates across education type and age. An initial employment advantage of individuals with vocational compared to general education turns into a disadvantage later in life. Results are strongest in apprenticeship countries that provide the highest intensity of industry-based vocational education" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CESifo working paper , 6116 -
Literaturhinweis
General education, vocational education, and labor-market outcomes over the lifecycle (2017)
Zitatform
Hanushek, Eric A., Guido Schwerdt, Ludger Wößmann & Lei Zhang (2017): General education, vocational education, and labor-market outcomes over the lifecycle. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 48-87. DOI:10.3368/jhr.52.1.0415-7074R
Abstract
"Policy proposals promoting vocational education focus on the school-to-work transition. But with technological change, gains in youth employment may be offset by less adaptability and diminished employment later in life. To test for this tradeoff, we employ a difference-in-differences approach that compares employment rates across different ages for people with general and vocational education. Using microdata for 11 countries from IALS, we find strong and robust support for such a tradeoff, especially in countries emphasizing apprenticeship programs. German Microcensus data and Austrian administrative data confirm the results for within-occupational-group analysis and for exogenous variation from plant closures, respectively." (Author's abstract, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The underestimated relevance and value of vocational education in tertiary education: making the invisible visible (2017)
Zitatform
Hippach-Schneider, Ute, Verena Schneidera, Boris Ménard & Sabine Tritscher- Archan (2017): The underestimated relevance and value of vocational education in tertiary education. Making the invisible visible. In: Journal of vocational education and training, Jg. 69, H. 1, S. 28-46. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2017.1281342
Abstract
"Increasing the number of tertiary graduates has been a priority on the political agenda of the EU for some years. The focus has mainly been on academic courses though, with less emphasis on the role of vocational education and training. International educational statistics indeed show a clear increase in the number of persons completing tertiary education programmes in recent years. In overall terms, this development is referred to as 'academisation'. The present paper provides a critical analysis and uses examples from Germany, Austria and France to show that this interpretation is neglecting two crucial facts. One is that various academic programmes in fact are combining academic with vocational learning. The other is that there are vocational programmes in the tertiary education sector that are not adequately visible in international education statistics. This understanding is important in relation to future policy-making as well as individual decision-making." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Institutional change and gender inequalities at labour market entry: A comparison of Estonia, Russia, and East and West Germany (2017)
Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya, Ellu Saar & Johanna Dämmrich (2017): Institutional change and gender inequalities at labour market entry. A comparison of Estonia, Russia, and East and West Germany. In: Studies of transition states and societies, Jg. 9, H. 2, S. 17-40., 2017-11-24.
Abstract
"Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these countries after the collapse of communism. Empirically, we explore the gender gap in job authority upon labour market entry by using life-history data from Russia, Estonia, and East Germany, with West Germany serving as a control case. The selection of countries was motivated primarily by the availability of rich life-history data, covering four decades of (post-) state socialism but also by divergences in institutional set-ups in the course of transition from state socialism to a liberalised market economy. Our findings yield four major results. First, accounting for education and the branch of economy, women were not disadvantaged during Soviet times; instead, we have even found evidence of a slight female advantage in Estonia and East Germany. Thus, our findings mirror the communist regime's effectiveness in equalising women's and men's opportunities at work. Second, in the pre-collapse decade, the advantage of women in terms of job authority decreased in East Germany and Estonia, whereas in Russia, women fell behind men. Third, with the Soviet Union collapse, a remarkable female disadvantage emerged in all formerly state socialist countries under scrutiny. In addition, we observe a growing gender gap in West Germany in the same period. The latter result strengthens the conclusion that times of economic liberalisation may go hand-in-hand with increasing gender inequalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why so slow? The school-to-work transition in italy (2017)
Zitatform
Pastore, Francesco (2017): Why so slow? The school-to-work transition in italy. (IZA discussion paper 10767), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"This essay provides a comprehensive interpretative framework to understand the reasons why the school-to-work transition (SWT) is so slow and hard in Italy. The country is a typical example of the South European SWT regime, where the educational system is typically rigid and sequential, the labor market has been recently made more flexible through two-tier labor market reforms, and the family has typically an important role to absorb the individual and social cost of the passage to adulthood. The main thesis of this essay is that the traditional disorganization of the educational and training system coupled with slow economic growth, rather than the supposedly low degree of labor market flexibility explain high (youth) unemployment. Important reforms of several tiles of the Italian SWT regime - the Jobs Act, important fiscal incentives to hiring youth long term unemployed, the so-called Good School and the related introduction of work-related learning, the European Youth Guarantee and the reform of employment services - have been all recently implemented, which are causing a slow convergence towards the so-called European social model, but it is still too early to draw conclusions as to the impact of such reforms on youth labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe: Volume 2, Results of a survey among European VET experts (2017)
Zitatform
(2017): The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe. Volume 2, Results of a survey among European VET experts. (CEDEFOP research paper 64), Thessaloniki, 61 S. DOI:10.2801/548024
Abstract
"This research paper is the second in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). It discusses national definitions and conceptions of vocational education and training (VET) in European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway and describes how these have changed over the past two decades.
In autumn 2016, Cedefop invited national VET experts to respond to a questionnaire regarding the way national VET systems are understood (in the form of official definitions and overall conceptions). While the survey demonstrates significant diversity across Europe, VET is largely perceived as occupations-specific education and training geared towards securing supply of skilled labour and inferior to general or academic education. The survey also identifies two major trends: significant diversification of VET (in terms of providers, levels and target groups), and strengthening of VET (in the form of renewed emphasis on apprenticeships and increased work-based elements)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe: Volume 1, Conceptions of vocational education and training. An analytical framework (2017)
Zitatform
(2017): The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe. Volume 1, Conceptions of vocational education and training. An analytical framework. (CEDEFOP research paper 63), Thessaloniki, 47 S. DOI:10.2801/532605
Abstract
"This research paper is the first in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). The aim of the paper is to review scholarly attempts to define or explain vocational education and training and to develop a theoretical model to analyse national definitions or conceptions of VET and how they have changed over time.
VET takes many forms and is, perhaps, the least unitary of education sectors. Based on a literature review of previous attempts to characterise VET, the paper suggests using a multi-perspective framework which combines:
(a) an epistemological and pedagogical perspective;
(b) a system and institutional perspective;
(c) a socioeconomic and labour market perspective to analyse VET.
These perspectives can help to identify appropriate learning approaches, institutional solutions and forms of cooperation to work towards.
In Volume 2 of this series, the approach is empirically tested and the different understandings of VET in 30 European countries are illustrated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Absolventen allgemeinbildender und beruflicher Bildungsgänge in Europa: Der Start ins Berufsleben ist in einigen Ländern besonders schwierig (2016)
Zitatform
Anger, Silke, Ute Leber & Margarida Rodrigues (2016): Absolventen allgemeinbildender und beruflicher Bildungsgänge in Europa: Der Start ins Berufsleben ist in einigen Ländern besonders schwierig. (IAB-Kurzbericht 11/2016), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Die Integration junger Menschen in den Arbeitsmarkt hat eine zentrale Bedeutung für die wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung eines Landes. Dies gilt umso mehr, als frühe Arbeitsmarkterfahrungen wichtig sind für den späteren Beschäftigungserfolg. Allerdings ist der Eintritt in das Erwerbsleben für viele Jugendliche in Europa auch infolge der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise immer noch schwierig. Ein neuer Indikator der EU, die Erwerbstätigenquote von Absolventen allgemeinbildender und beruflicher Bildungsgänge, soll den Beitrag des Bildungssystems beim Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt adäquat abbilden. Auf Basis dieser Kennzahl zeigen die Autorinnen die Entwicklung der Beschäftigung von jungen Menschen mit Schul-, Berufs- oder Hochschulabschluss in Europa über die letzten zehn Jahre und gehen auf Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern sowie auf länderspezifische Einflussfaktoren ein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing the performance of school-to-work transition regimes in the EU (2016)
Zitatform
Hadjivassiliou, Kari P., Arianna Tassinari, Werner Eichhorst & Florian Wozny (2016): Assessing the performance of school-to-work transition regimes in the EU. (IZA discussion paper 10301), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"The Great Recession that has engulfed Europe since 2008 has had a profound impact on the process of young people's school-to-work (STW) transition. Countries' institutional configurations considerably matter in shaping the structure of young people's STW transitions and mediating the impact of the Great Recession on youth unemployment. Drawing upon Pohl and Walther's concept of 'youth transition regime' (2007), we have assessed the performance of selected EU countries belonging to different clusters regarding the speed, ease and quality of STW transitions. Differences in performance across regimes exists, with some faring better than others, although at the same time a common, worrying trend can be identified across clusters, comprising a progressive deterioration of the quality of youth transitions across the board, despite the positive policy intentions to strengthen and improve the efficacy of transition regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vocational vs. general education and employment over the life-cycle: new evidence from PIAAC (2016)
Zitatform
Hampf, Franziska & Ludger Wößmann (2016): Vocational vs. general education and employment over the life-cycle. New evidence from PIAAC. (CESifo working paper 6116), München, 15 S.
Abstract
"It has been argued that vocational education facilitates the school-to-work transition but reduces later adaptability to changing environments. Using the recent international PIAAC data, we confirm such a trade-off over the life-cycle in a difference-in-differences model that compares employment rates across education type and age. An initial employment advantage of individuals with vocational compared to general education turns into a disadvantage later in life. Results are strongest in apprenticeship countries that provide the highest intensity of industry-based vocational education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-based learning for youth at risk: getting employers on board (2016)
Kis, Viktória;Zitatform
Kis, Viktória (2016): Work-based learning for youth at risk. Getting employers on board. (OECD education working papers 150), Paris, 44 S. DOI:10.1787/5e122a91-en
Abstract
"Work-based learning can provide a bridge into careers and its potential benefits are particularly noticeable for youth at risk - those most likely to face difficulties in accessing jobs and learning opportunities. If this potential is to be fully realised, work-based learning programmes must be attractive to employers. Achieving this requires a closer look at the costs and benefits for employers when they offer work-based learning. This paper looks at tools designed to help get employers on board for work-based learning, with an emphasis on work-based learning for youth at risk. International experience suggests that financial incentives, such as subsidies and tax breaks are not the answer. Attention should be focussed instead on non-financial measures that improve the cost-benefit balance of apprenticeship to employers. These include adjusting key parameters of apprenticeship schemes, better preparing youth at risk for apprenticeship and providing support (e.g. remedial courses, mentoring) to youth at risk during apprenticeship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Postsocialisticheskaja transformacija i social'noe neravenstvo: obzor osnovnyh rezul'tatov dissertacionnogo issledovanija (2016)
Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya (2016): Postsocialisticheskaja transformacija i social'noe neravenstvo. Obzor osnovnyh rezul'tatov dissertacionnogo issledovanija. In: The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Jg. 19, H. 5, S. 180-197., 2017-03-30.
Abstract
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rapid shifts in economic, political, and social institutional arrangements - labeled here as a 'regime change' - offer a unique opportunity to explore how patterns of social inequality vary across broader institutional contexts and over time. How the stratification order between different social groups has changed in the aftermath of the regime change in Russia is a central question I raised in this thesis. I draw on a life-course perspective and address several rather untouched aspects of social inequalities in Soviet and post-Soviet societies. First, I focus on the initial school-to-work transition stage and approach social inequality from a gender perspective. Second, I explore the 'work-back-to-school' transition process by focusing on inequality in participation in adult education due to (initial) educational and occupational attainment. In other words, I study inequality of adult-educational opportunity. Third, I devote to the 'school-back-to-work' transition in the later life course stages. I particularly address inequality in returns to adult education due to initial educational endowments. Empirically, I employ powerful longitudinal data from the Education and Employment Survey for Russia (EES) linked to the Russian Gender and Generation Survey (GGS), which cover life trajectories in a time-frame between 1965 and 2005. Based on my empirical case studies, I conclude that the regime change was accompanied by a widening of pre-existing social distances and an effective amplification of the Russian society's stratification order." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Preparing for uncertain careers: How youth deal with growing occupational uncertainties before the education-to-work transition (2016)
Zitatform
Lechner, Clemens M., Martin J. Tomasik & Rainer K. Silbereisen (2016): Preparing for uncertain careers. How youth deal with growing occupational uncertainties before the education-to-work transition. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 95/96, H. August/October, S. 90-101. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2016.08.002
Abstract
"Recent changes in labor market and working conditions have rendered youth's education-to-work transitions and career prospects more uncertain. This study investigated how youth, while still in education or training, deal with perceived growing occupational uncertainties in terms of goal engagement (i.e., investing active effort in goal pursuit; surmounting obstacles) and goal disengagement (i.e., distancing from unattainable goals; protecting the self against failure experiences). Analyses with two closely matched samples of youth aged 16 - 25 years from Germany (N = 529) and Poland (N = 530) revealed high levels of goal engagement and a clear preference of engagement over disengagement. Whereas levels of engagement were comparable across countries, disengagement was considerably higher in Polish youth. Regarding the sources of individual differences in engagement and disengagement, sociodemographic factors had very limited effects in both countries. Compared to sociodemographic factors, the level of perceived growing occupational uncertainties, and especially youth's primary and secondary appraisals thereof, were more strongly and consistently associated with engagement and disengagement, especially in Germany, pointing to the prominence of perceptions and appraisals in shaping youth's responses to growing occupational uncertainties. We offer cultural and economic explanations for these findings and discuss implications for interventions aimed at fostering youth's engagement in preparing for their future careers under today's uncertain conditions." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do transitions to adulthood converge in Europe?: An optimal matching analysis of work-family trajectories of men and women from 20 European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Lesnard, Laurent, Anne-Sophie Cousteaux, Flora Chanvril & Viviane Le Hay (2016): Do transitions to adulthood converge in Europe? An optimal matching analysis of work-family trajectories of men and women from 20 European countries. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 355-369. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcw003
Abstract
"This article addresses the question of the convergence of transitions to adulthood in 20 European countries using data from the third round of the European Social Survey (2006). Pathways are derived from five events -- employment, leaving home, union formation, marriage, and childbearing -- retrospectively observed for men and women >35 years old (N 1/4 26,351), over four birth cohorts and described with optimal matching and cluster analyses. Using correspondence analysis, we find a convergence between male and female patterns in the passage to adulthood in Northern and Western Europe. Despite some convergence, the transition to adulthood in European countries remains marked by their historical family systems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))