Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf
Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
-
Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Starting behind: wage and employment differentials between young adults with and without disabilities (2015)
Zitatform
Mann, David R. & David C. Wittenburg (2015): Starting behind: wage and employment differentials between young adults with and without disabilities. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 89-99. DOI:10.1177/1044207315583898
Abstract
"We estimate the wage offers and employment of young adults with and without disabilities using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data. We find evidence that wage offer and employment gaps between adults with and without disabilities emerge early and are largest for those with mental limitations or any type of severe limitation. The wage offer gaps we estimate between people with and without disabilities are almost always larger than the wage gaps between those groups. These employment and wage offer gaps that exist in early adulthood likely help explain some of the differences in human capital, employment, and earnings between older adults with and without disabilities. The results also highlight the need for interventions that improve the employability and wage offers of youth with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"The right to make choices": how vocational rehabilitation can help young adults with disabilities increase self-determination and avoid guardianship (2015)
Martinis, Jonathan G.;Zitatform
Martinis, Jonathan G. (2015): "The right to make choices". How vocational rehabilitation can help young adults with disabilities increase self-determination and avoid guardianship. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 221-227. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150742
Abstract
"Background: Research has consistently shown that self-determination, a person's authority and opportunity to make life choices, is a key element for a meaningful and independent life. Nevertheless, many young adults with disabilities are placed in overbroad or undue guardianships - guardianships imposed on people who have the capacity to make their own decisions or who can use less-restrictive alternatives to guardianship - denying them their right to make fundamental choices about where they live, what they do, and with whom they interact.
Objective: This article gives an overview of the negative implications of overbroad or undue guardianship, the benefits of self-determination, and ways Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) supports and services can provide employment-based education and training to help young adults with disabilities develop and demonstrate self-determination, gain independent living skills, and overcome any perceived need for guardianship.
Conclusion: People with disabilities who are encouraged and supported to make their own decisions are better employed at higher salaries and more independent. VR supports and services focused on employment-based" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Customized employment: a review of the literature (2015)
Zitatform
Riesen, Tim, Robert L. Morgan & Cary Griffin (2015): Customized employment. A review of the literature. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 43, H. 3, S. 183-193. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150768
Abstract
Background: Customized employment (CE) is a strategy that has shown promise in improving poor employment outcome for individuals with disabilities. The term customized employment was first used in 2001 and originated from efforts by the Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment Policy to provide access to One-Stop centers and improve employment outcomes for people with disabilities. More recently, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 (WIOA) contained a number of provisions and modifications to the Rehabilitation Act that more formally recognized CE as service delivery option. Specifically, WIOA modified the definition of supported employment to include CE and provided a formal definition in the statute. Given its recognition at the federal policy level, it is increasingly important to ensure that practitioners and adult service systems are implementing evidence-based practices associated with CE service delivery.
Objective: The purpose of this review, therefore, is to examine the existing literature to identify the underlying conceptual and empirical basis for CE and to make recommendations for future research.
Conclusions: Findings from this review indicate that CE is contributing to positive integrated employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities. More research is needed to replicate, validate, and establish the evidence base for CE. -
Literaturhinweis
An evaluation of risk factors related to employment outcomes for youth with disabilities (2015)
Zitatform
Sima, Adam P., Paul H. Wehman, Fong Chan, Michael D. West & Richard G. Leucking (2015): An evaluation of risk factors related to employment outcomes for youth with disabilities. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 89-100. DOI:10.1177/2165143414534887
Abstract
"This study explores non-modifiable risk factors associated with poor post-school competitive employment outcomes for students with disabilities. A classification tree analysis was used with a sample of 2,900 students who were in the second National Longitudinal Transition Study - 2 (NLTS2) up to 6 years following school exit to identify groups of youth with poor employment outcomes based on characteristics that are unable to be modified through an intervention. Post-school employment was related to the disability characteristics of the student (disability type, ability to understand what is being said, general health status), family characteristics (yearly income, community setting), and youth characteristics (race).The classification tree analysis identified four groups of students who were at greatest risk for poor outcomes. Future research will be directed toward modifiable variables that mitigate risks for those groups that may potentially lead to school- and home-based interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability and income (2015)
Walls, Richard T.; Dowler, Denetta L.;Zitatform
Walls, Richard T. & Denetta L. Dowler (2015): Disability and income. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 58, H. 3, S. 146-153. DOI:10.1177/0034355214530788
Abstract
"It has long been recognized that people with disabilities usually have less earnings than workers who do not have disabilities. The Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA)-911 data for 2012 were examined to determine the 'true' income of workers with disabilities. The 2012 database included 579,312 cases closed during that year. The benefits and earnings of the whole data set and of 17 disability groups were examined. That is, the amount of earnings (at application for Vocational Rehabilitation [VR] services and at case closure) were combined with the amount of benefits to determine (a) whether total income increased from application for VR services to case closure, (b) the proportion of total income from benefits versus earnings, and (c) how total income for these consumers compared with the poverty level. Overall, those data revealed a 326% increase in total income from application to closure. At application, the proportion of total monthly income from earnings was 42%, whereas at closure, it had shifted to 83% of total income from earnings. Income relative to the poverty threshold was 57% for all clients at application, but had increased to 185% at closure. Results are also provided for each of the 17 disability groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage discrimination against workers with sensory disabilities (2014)
Zitatform
Baldwin, Marjorie L. & Chung Choe (2014): Wage discrimination against workers with sensory disabilities. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 28, H. 1, S. 101-124. DOI:10.1111/irel.12048
Abstract
"We link information on occupation-specific job demands to data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to provide first-ever estimates of wage discrimination against workers with sensory disabilities. Estimates are derived from wage models that control for job demands related to sensory abilities, and interactions between job demands and workers' sensory limitations. Results indicate approximately one third (one tenth) of the male (female) disability-related wage differential is potentially attributed to discrimination. The results differ from estimates of discrimination against workers with physical disabilities obtained with similar methods, underscoring the importance of accounting for heterogeneity of the disabled population in discrimination studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employer attitudes toward blind or visually impaired employees: initial development of a measurement instrument (2014)
Capella McDonnal, Michele;Zitatform
Capella McDonnal, Michele (2014): Employer attitudes toward blind or visually impaired employees. Initial development of a measurement instrument. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 58, H. 1, S. 29-36. DOI:10.1177/0034355213504140
Abstract
"The purpose of this research project was to create an instrument to measure attitudes of employers towards persons who are blind or visually impaired as employees. Items were developed based on prior research with employers that identified their concerns about hiring people with disabilities. A 15-item attitude scale (which was revised based on an expert panel review and results of a pilot test) was administered to a sample of 194 employers in hiring positions located in four states. Psychometric analyses included evaluation of coefficient alpha estimates, item-total correlations, and a common factor analysis procedure (n = 158 for these analyses). Items were hypothesized to load on two factors: productivity of blind/ visually impaired people as employees and challenges to employing blind/visually impaired people, which was supported by the data. As a result of the psychometric analyses, four items were removed from the attitude measure, resulting in an 11-item instrument consisting of a five-item productivity subscale and a six-item challenges subscale. Evidence for criterion validity was provided by significant differences in scores of employers based on whether they had ever hired someone with a visual impairment. Overall, results provide good initial evidence for the instrument's reliability and validity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment environment: employer perspectives, policies, and practices regarding the employment of persons with disabilities (2014)
Erickson, William A.; von Schrader, Sarah; VanLooy, Sara A.; Bruyère, Susanne M.;Zitatform
Erickson, William A., Sarah von Schrader, Susanne M. Bruyère & Sara A. VanLooy (2014): The employment environment: employer perspectives, policies, and practices regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 57, H. 4, S. 195-208. DOI:10.1177/0034355213509841
Abstract
"Employers' characteristics and their policies and practices are workplace environmental factors with important implications for the hiring and retention of employees with disabilities. To explore these factors, a survey was conducted by Cornell University in 2011 focusing on employer policies and practices related to the employment of people with disabilities. The private employer membership of the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) was randomly sampled across small, medium, and large employers. In all, 675 SHRM members completed the survey and provided information regarding organizational characteristics; disability-related practices and policies regarding recruitment and hiring, training, accessibility and accommodation, retention and advancement; collection of metrics; and their perception of barriers to the employment and advancement of people with disabilities. Ratings of effectiveness of these practices/policies are examined, as well as the number of policies and practices implemented by organizational size and industry. Comparisons of employer views on employment barriers for persons with disabilities to a previous 1998 Cornell/SHRM study are made." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A qualitative study of job placement provider decisions in vocational rehabilitation (2014)
Zitatform
Fleming, Allison R., Brian N. Phillips, Ashley Kaseroff & Garrett E. Huck (2014): A qualitative study of job placement provider decisions in vocational rehabilitation. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 58, H. 1, S. 7-19. DOI:10.1177/0034355213519681
Abstract
"A modified consensual qualitative research approach was taken to determine factors that influence job placement services in selected state Vocational Rehabilitation agencies. Thirty-five counselors, supervisors, and administrators participated in semistructured interviews on job placement and how they determine whether the counselor or another professional (e.g., in-house placement specialist, community rehabilitation provider) provides the direct service. Results indicated that several factors were noted by at least half of the participants, including anticipated intensity of services needed by the client, counselor caseload size/available time, existing employer relationships, availability of a placement service provider, and placement skills. Results highlight the impact of consistently high client volume on placement services, particularly for individuals with the most significant disabilities. Implications related to the current state of policy and practice for placement services, as well as potential future directions, are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of disability insurance receipt on labor supply (2014)
Zitatform
French, Eric & Jae Song (2014): The effect of disability insurance receipt on labor supply. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 6, H. 2, S. 291-337. DOI:10.1257/pol.6.2.291
Abstract
"This paper exploits the effectively random assignment of judges to Disability Insurance cases to estimate the causal impact of Disability Insurance receipt on labor supply. We find that benefit receipt reduces labor force participation by 26 percentage points three years after a disability determination decision, although the reduction is smaller for older people, college graduates, and those with mental illness. OLS and instrumental variables estimates are similar. Furthermore, over 60 percent of those denied benefits by an administrative law judge are subsequently allowed benefits within ten years, showing that most applicants apply, reapply, and appeal until they get benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Just having a job": career advancement for low-wage workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities (2014)
Zitatform
Lindstrom, Lauren, Kara Hirano, Colleen McCarthy & Charlotte Alverson (2014): "Just having a job". Career advancement for low-wage workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 40-49. DOI:10.1177/2165143414522092
Abstract
"This study examined career development and early employment experiences for four young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Researchers used a multiple-method, multiple case-study longitudinal design to explore career development within the context of family systems, high school and transition programs, adult services, and early and continued experiences in the labor market. Data sources included school and rehabilitation records, job observations, and interviews with young adults, family members, high school special education personnel, employers, and adult agency staff (N = 39). During the early career years, participants maintained stable employment, but earned annual wages well under the federal poverty line. Employment opportunities seemed to be influenced by family advocacy and expectations, schoolbased work experiences, job development services, and work environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability, structural inequality, and work: the influence of occupational segregation on earnings for people with different disabilities (2014)
Zitatform
Maroto, Michelle & David Pettinicchio (2014): Disability, structural inequality, and work. The influence of occupational segregation on earnings for people with different disabilities. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 38, H. December, S. 76-92. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2014.08.002
Abstract
"Occupational segregation is a fundamental cause of structural inequality within the labor market, but it remains under-researched in the case of disability status. Using 2011 American Community Survey data for working-age adults, we examine the representation of persons with different types of disabilities across occupations and industries. We find that employed workers with disabilities experience occupational segregation that limits their earnings potential. People with disabilities tend to work in lower-skilled jobs with limited educational and experience requirements. However, these disparities also vary by the nature of a person's disability, which perpetuates inequality by disability status. Although supply-side, human capital variables play a role in shaping earnings, we find that these broader, structural factors and occupational characteristics strongly influence the economic wellbeing of people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Trends in vocational rehabilitation services and outcomes of youth with autism: 2006-2010 (2014)
Zitatform
Migliore, Alberto, John Butterworth & Agnieszka Zalewska (2014): Trends in vocational rehabilitation services and outcomes of youth with autism: 2006-2010. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 57, H. 2, S. 80-89. DOI:10.1177/0034355213493930
Abstract
"As the number of adults with a diagnosis of autism continues to grow, attention is drawn to whether they receive adequate services and achieve satisfactory employment outcomes, compared with their peers with other disabilities. After examining data from the U.S. state vocational rehabilitation programs from the years 2006 - 2010, we found that youth with autism received similar levels of services and reported similar employment outcomes compared with their peers with other disabilities. However, these outcomes were modest, declining, and substantially different across states, regardless of the types of disabilities. We recommend continuous monitoring of services and outcomes of people with autism and other disabilities as a means to promote their economic self-sufficiency and inclusion in society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intermediate work outcomes for adolescents with high-incidence disabilities (2014)
Rojewski, Jay W.; Lee, In Heok; Gregg, Noel;Zitatform
Rojewski, Jay W., In Heok Lee & Noel Gregg (2014): Intermediate work outcomes for adolescents with high-incidence disabilities. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 106-118. DOI:10.1177/2165143412473352
Abstract
"A longitudinal sample from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 was used to determine differences in work outcomes between (a) individuals with learning disabilities or emotional-behavior disorders and (b) individuals with or without disabilities. Twelve factors were arranged into individual, family, school-peer, and community categories. Individuals with high-incidence disabilities were more likely to be unemployed, whereas those without disabilities were more likely to be employed for 20 hr or more per week. A limited number of risk factors were significant contributors of work outcomes. Ordered logistic regression revealed individuals with high-incidence disabilities and all women experienced less positive work outcomes. Parental discussions with children about work plans enhanced the likelihood of positive work outcomes, but only for adolescents without disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pathways to employment: a national survey of adults with intellectual disabilities (2014)
Zitatform
Siperstein, Gary N., Miriam Heyman & Jeffrey E. Stokes (2014): Pathways to employment: a national survey of adults with intellectual disabilities. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 41, H. 3, S. 165-178. DOI:10.3233/JVR-140711
Abstract
"The federal government has invested billions of dollars to promote employment for adults with intellectual disabilities. Despite this investment, the employment rate within this population has remained stable during the recent decades.
The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of adults with intellectual disabilities who are employed, and to understand the paths towards employment for these individuals.
Respondents included a nationally representative sample of 1,055 parents/guardians of adult children (21 years of age or older) with an intellectual disability surveyed by Gallup. These parents/guardians were selected from approximately 341,000 households screened by Gallup. This methodology allowed for the inclusion of a sample of adults with ID who had never been in the labor force or even sought employment.
Several characteristics are associated with greater likelihood of employment, including younger age, early work experience, higher levels of adaptive behavior, and absence of emotional and behavioral problems. These characteristics are especially predictive of employment in a competitive setting, and relatively less predictive of sheltered employment. There is very little movement between the two types of employment settings: very few people currently in competitive employment ever worked in a sheltered setting.
The results from this study have clear implications for policies and programs. Young adults with intellectual disabilities need early opportunities to work in community settings. These community-based experiences must provide them with the opportunity to develop necessary adaptive, behavioral, and emotional skills. Finally, policy makers must recognize that sheltered employment is not a stepping-stone to employment in a competitive setting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The effects of childhood ADHD on adult labor market outcomes (2013)
Fletcher, Jason;Zitatform
Fletcher, Jason (2013): The effects of childhood ADHD on adult labor market outcomes. (NBER working paper 18689), Cambridge, Mass., 39 S. DOI:10.3386/w18689
Abstract
"While several types of mental illness, including substance abuse disorders, have been linked with poor labor market outcomes, no current research has been able to examine the effects of childhood ADHD. As ADHD has become one of the most prevalent childhood mental conditions, it is useful to understand the full set of consequences of the illness. This paper uses a longitudinal national sample, including sibling pairs, to show important labor market outcome consequences of ADHD. The employment reduction is between 10-14 percentage points, the earnings reduction is approximately 33%, and the increase in social assistance is 15 points, which are larger than many estimates of the black-white earnings gap and the gender earnings gap. A small share of the link is explained by education attainments and co-morbid health conditions and behaviors. The results also show important differences in labor market consequences by family background and age of onset. These findings, along with similar research showing that ADHD is linked with poor education outcomes and adult crime, suggest that treating childhood ADHD can substantially increase the acquisition of human capital." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of work-limiting disabilities on earnings and income mobility (2013)
Jolly, Nicholas A.;Zitatform
Jolly, Nicholas A. (2013): The impact of work-limiting disabilities on earnings and income mobility. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 45, H. 36, S. 5104-5118. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2013.818212
Abstract
"This article uses the 1968-2007 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine how work-limiting disabilities influence the intragenerational earnings and income mobility of individuals. The results show that work-limiting disabilities increase the probability of downward mobility for several years after onset. Furthermore, the probability of being in the bottom portions of the distributions increases significantly, not only during the year of onset but also for at least 10 years afterwards. These results are more pronounced for those individuals suffering from a disability that is more chronic or severe in nature. Income from spousal earnings and government transfer payments offers some protection against disability's adverse effect, with more protection being provided to those who are more chronically disabled." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of working at gaining employment skills on the social and vocational skills of adolescents with disabilities: a school-based intervention (2013)
Zitatform
Murray, Christopher & Bonnie Doren (2013): The effects of working at gaining employment skills on the social and vocational skills of adolescents with disabilities. A school-based intervention. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 96-107. DOI:10.1177/0034355212452614
Abstract
"The current investigation was designed to evaluate the effects of the Working at Gaining Employment Skills (WAGES) curriculum on the social and occupational skills of adolescents with disabilities. Adolescents with disabilities were assigned to either an intervention or control condition. Youth in the intervention group were exposed to the WAGES curriculum for approximately 4.5 months, whereas students in the control group received 'business-as-usual' within special education settings. Students and teachers completed brief measures pertaining to prevocational/occupational skills as well as measures pertaining to students' social skills prior to and following the intervention. Results indicated that after controlling for pretest differences on outcome variables, students participating in the intervention had greater vocational outcome expectations, greater occupational skills, and greater social skills (i.e., empathy, cooperation, and assertiveness) than did students with disabilities in the control condition following the intervention. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of the WAGES curriculum." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
National snapshot of adults with intellectual disabilities in the labor force (2013)
Zitatform
Siperstein, Gary N., Robin C. Parker & Max Drascher (2013): National snapshot of adults with intellectual disabilities in the labor force. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 157-165. DOI:10.3233/JVR-130658
Abstract
"Background: Employment has been recognized as an important goal for improving the quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Governments at both the federal and state level have invested billions of dollars to encourage better outcomes for adults with ID as they transition out of high school and into the labor force.
Objective: Given these important efforts, this study documented the employment situation of working-aged adults with intellectual disabilities across the country.
Methods: Respondents included a nationally representative random sample of 1,017 parents/guardians of adult children (21 years of age or older) with an intellectual disability surveyed by Gallup. These parents/guardians were selected from approximately 341,000 households screened by Gallup. This methodology allowed for the inclusion of a sample of adults with ID who had never been in the labor force or even sought employment.
Results: The results indicate a troublingly low employment rate for adults with ID and a puzzlingly low number who are even in the labor force.
Conclusions: The employment outlook for adults with ID will continue to be bleak until new ways are found to meaningfully incorporate this population into the labor force." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Transition from school to work: where are we and where do we need to go? (2013)
Zitatform
Wehman, Paul (2013): Transition from school to work. Where are we and where do we need to go? In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 58-66. DOI:10.1177/2165143413482137
Abstract
"As children become teenagers and move into early adulthood, there are many transitions they face. For young people with disabilities, this is no different except that there are invariably additional complex challenges that must be overcome. Evidence-based research is the foundation for best transition practices, but too many studies seem abstract, distant, and far removed from their classroom or school world. This article seeks to overcome the abstract by describing evidence-based transition research and recent findings. Teachers' classroom needs are highlighted with special emphasis on how research can be useful for them on a day-to-day basis. Finally, we highlight six guidelines for helping implement best practices in transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
-
Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
-
Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
-
Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht