Plattformarbeit
Mit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung haben sich auch neue Formen der plattformbezogenen Beschäftigung entwickelt. Auf digitalen Plattformen finden Anbietende von Produkten/Dienstleistungen und mögliche Kunden zueinander. Fahrdienste, Essenslieferungen oder Programmierarbeiten sind hierfür Beispiele. Unternehmen schätzen bei dieser Beschäftigungsform die größere Markttransparenz und sinkende Kosten, Beschäftigte vor allem das selbstbestimmte Arbeiten. Die politische Diskussion zu dem Thema ist vor allem durch die unklare soziale Absicherung der Beschäftigten geprägt.
Das Themendossier bildet den Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und der politischen Diskussion ab.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
Weitere Literatur zur Digitalisierung finden Sie in dem Themendossier Digitale Arbeitswelt - Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
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Literaturhinweis
Coworking Atmospheres: On the Interplay of Curated Spaces and the View of Coworkers as Space-acting Subjects (2023)
Bernhardt, Alexandra;Zitatform
Bernhardt, Alexandra (2023): Coworking Atmospheres. On the Interplay of Curated Spaces and the View of Coworkers as Space-acting Subjects. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 475 S.
Abstract
"The study by Alexandra Bernhardt deals with coworking spaces and their atmospheres. In addition to a comprehensive consideration of the role of atmospheres, the special significance of community in the context of these work spaces is examined in more detail. Two case studies in urban coworking spaces form the core of the investigation, following a qualitative research design oriented towards ethnography and a plurality of methods. In the context of the analysis, on the one hand, what constitutes coworking in everyday life and thus the new communality at work is considered: relevant practices and rituals, spatial arrangements and atmospheres are elaborated in their composition. On the other hand, coworkers, their spatial actions, and the attitudes associated with them come into closer focus: It is shown how users access coworking spaces as work and community spaces and what role atmospheres play. In addition, social entities are highlighted that are taken up by coworkers in relation to their coworking space and that help shape everyday coworking space life. Tensions that arise from the coexistence of community and service logic are also uncovered, and how they are dealt with is examined in more detail." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Informal Work and Official Employment Statistics: What’s Missing? (2023)
Zitatform
Bracha, Anat & Mary A. Burke (2023): Informal Work and Official Employment Statistics: What’s Missing? (Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 2023-15), Boston, 59 S.
Abstract
"Using eight consecutive waves of the Survey of Informal Work Participation (SIWP) spanning 2015 through 2022, we investigate informal “gig” work participation in the United States— broadly defined to include online and offline activities—and its implications for the measurement of employment. Our results suggest that employment rates among US household heads were consistently understated in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Under conservative estimates, we find that the employment-to-population ratio would have been 0.25 to 1.1 percentage points higher over the 2015–2022 period and as much as 5.1 percentage points higher under more generous estimates. Along the intensive margin, we find evidence that a significant number of informal work hours are missing from official employment surveys, partly because employed individuals do not fully report their informal hours. Comparing informal workers who are classified as employed by the CPS with those who are arguably misclassified as nonemployed, we find that the latter are, on average, older, less educated, and less likely to cite income as a motivation for gig work, and an elevated share are disabled. The data also indicate that certain types of income-earning activities, such as renting and selling, are less likely to be perceived as “work.” These results suggest ways to improve official surveys to better capture those employed in gig work and obtain a fuller picture of the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working Conditions in Platform Work: Testing Digital Platform Workers' Rights on Platform Cooperatives (2023)
Zitatform
Cano, Melissa Renau, Ricard Espelt & Mayo Fuster Morell (2023): Working Conditions in Platform Work: Testing Digital Platform Workers' Rights on Platform Cooperatives. (SocArXiv papers), [Charlottesville, VA], 28 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/9aycp
Abstract
"The emergence of platform work has provided new opportunities for job creation, yet it also poses numerous challenges, thereby placing the topic at the centre of the policy debate. At the same time, discussion of the platform economy usually fails to acknowledge the coexistence of different platform models and their diverse socioeconomic impact with regard to the SDGs and the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). This paper aims to contribute to the debate on regulating platform work by testing the ‘Charter of digital workers’ rights’ arising from the Platform Labour in Urban Spaces (PLUS) European project, in three platform cooperatives: Fairbnb.coop, SMart, and Katuma. The empirical analysis and testing are based on qualitative surveys, co-creation sessions and interviews. The analysis could prove useful for further EU policy, national transposition of EU legislation and potential legislation worldwide. The results show the importance of providing a clear-cut definition of platform work, as well as considering different platform models. More specifically, the paper reflects on the definition and fair scheduling of working time (total amount of working hours, scheduling and disconnection), fair and decent remuneration, the right to information on contractual conditions and the right to transparency in algorithmic systems, and training rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung der Arbeit – eine Zwischenbilanz aus Geschlechterperspektiven (2023)
Carstensen, Tanja;Zitatform
Carstensen, Tanja (2023): Digitalisierung der Arbeit – eine Zwischenbilanz aus Geschlechterperspektiven. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 76, H. 5, S. 374-382. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2023-5-374
Abstract
"Die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt seit der Mitte der 2010er Jahre wurde früh mit weitreichenden Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen für Veränderungen in den Geschlechterverhältnissen diskutiert. Mittlerweile liegen diverse, ein breites Feld an Fragen umspannende empirische Studien vor. Nach einigen Vormerkungen zum Verhältnis von Gender und Technik resümiert der Beitrag die bisherigen Befunde entlang von fünf Themenfeldern, die sich als Schwerpunkte der Digitalisierungsforschung aus Geschlechterperspektiven herausgebildet haben: 1. Ortsflexibilisierung / Homeoffice, 2. Plattformen, 3. Automatisierung und neue Anforderungen, 4. Diskriminierung durch Algorithmen und KI und 5. mangelnde Diversität und (globale) Ungleichheiten in der Technikentwicklung. Die Autorin schließt mit einer Zwischenbilanz dieser bisher vorliegenden Befunde und benennt weiteren Forschungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention (2023)
Zitatform
Doorn, Niels van, Fabian Ferrari & Mark Graham (2023): Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1099-1111. DOI:10.1177/09500170221096581
Abstract
"In urban gig economies around the world, platform labour is predominantly migrant labour, yet research on the intersection of the gig economy and labour migration remains scant. Our experience with two action research projects, spanning six cities on four continents, has taught us how platform work impacts the structural vulnerability of migrant workers. This leads us to two claims that should recalibrate the gig economy research agenda. First, we argue that platform labour simultaneously degrades working conditions while offering migrants much-needed opportunities to improve their livelihoods. Second, we contend that the reclassification of gig workers as employees is by itself not sufficient to counter the precarisation of migrant gig work. Instead, we need ambitious policies at the intersection of immigration, social welfare, and employment regulation that push back against the digitally mediated commodification of migrant labour worldwide." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Nomads: Toward a Future Research Agenda (2023)
Zitatform
Dreher, Nick & Anna Triandafyllidou (2023): Digital Nomads: Toward a Future Research Agenda. (Working papers / Toronto Metropolitan University 2023,04), Toronto, 27 S.
Abstract
"As pandemic lockdowns forced many traditional office workers to work from home, a subset of these workers left their countries of employment altogether to join a growing movement of location-independent transnational digital workers. These digital nomads have captured the imagination of mainstream and social media, which have promulgated images of laptop laden millennials from the Global North working within sight of a beach in Bali one month and from an Airbnb in a hip Buenos Aires neighborhood the next. Despite the media attention, academic scholarship on this topic is limited. What does exist appears primarily in the business and management literature, especially journals focused on information technology (IT) and tourism, as well as the sociological subfield of leisure studies. To date, scholars of migration have barely engaged with the topic, despite the subliterature on lifestyle migration providing a valuable theoretical antecedent to discussions of digital nomadism. This paper offers a critical overview of what is known about digital nomadism so far and argues that migration scholars should seriously consider this topic in the years ahead. Theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches from migration scholarship could help to better understand what digital nomadism means for the future of work and the social contract between citizen and nation-state. There are also important implications for the nomadlands — the destinations where these remote workers temporarily reside. The recent appearance of over 30 digital nomad visas is one early sign of destination countries considering a policy response." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Traumjob Influencer: Likes, Views und das große Geld?: Wie Jugendliche in Deutschland die Creator Economy wahrnehmen (2023)
Engels, Barbara;Zitatform
Engels, Barbara (2023): Traumjob Influencer: Likes, Views und das große Geld? Wie Jugendliche in Deutschland die Creator Economy wahrnehmen. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,46), Köln, 19 S.
Abstract
"Die Creator Economy boomt: Immer mehr Unternehmen nutzen Content Creators, um ihre Produkte zu bewerben, und immer mehr Menschen möchten selbst Creators werden, also eigene digitale Inhalte erstellen, sie auf digitalen Plattformen einem wachsenden Publikum bereitstellen und monetarisieren. Die Beliebtheit der Creator Economy ist auch der schillernden Welt geschuldet, die Creators, darunter Influencer, auf sozialen Medien präsentieren. Laut ihren Inhalten haben sie einen abenteuerlichen Alltag, testen tolle Produkte und führen ein beneidenswertes Leben. Dabei hat die Creator Economy auch deutliche Schattenseiten, etwa in Bezug auf die Arbeitsbedingungen und die Nachhaltigkeit des Erfolgs. Es ist fraglich, inwiefern jungen Menschen, die sich auf ihr Leben nach der Schulzeit vorbereiten und über mögliche Berufe nachdenken, diese Nachteile der Creator Economy bewusst sind – und inwiefern sie sich von der glänzenden Social-Media-Welt blenden lassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt dieser Report, wie Jugendliche mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 16 Jahren in Deutschland die Creator Economy wahrnehmen. Dazu wurden 503 Schülerinnen und Schüler aus ganz Deutschland befragt, die im Schuljahr 2022/2023 an dem JUNIOR-Schülerfirmenprogramm teilgenommen haben. Die Ergebnisse der nichtrepräsentativen Befragung zeigen, dass die befragten Jugendlichen die Creator Economy durchaus differenziert betrachten. Vorteile wie Kreativität und Flexibilität nehmen sie ebenso wahr wie die Schwierigkeit des Erfolgs und den Arbeitsaufwand, der mit der Tätigkeit verbunden ist. Dennoch führen Influencer für viele der Befragten ein beneidenswertes Leben. Mehr als ein Fünftel der Befragten möchte selbst Influencer sein. Der teils widersprüchlichen Wahrnehmung der Creator Economy entsprechend ist es wichtig, gerade junge Menschen über die Möglichkeiten der Creator-Tätigkeiten aufzuklären und ihnen Wege aufzuzeigen, wie sie in dem Bereich erfolgreich sein können. Eine realistische Einschätzung der Erfolgschancen ist dabei zentral, denn der Markt ist so dynamisch wie wettbewerbsintensiv. Dieser Report will auch motivieren, sich wissenschaftlich und politisch mehr mit der Creator Economy zu beschäftigen. Schließlich bildet die Creator Economy einen validen alternativen Ansatz der Einkommensgenerierung und trägt zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Digitalization Boost of the Covid‐19 Pandemic and Changes in Job Quality (2023)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Teresa Sophie & Basha Vicari (2023): The Digitalization Boost of the Covid‐19 Pandemic and Changes in Job Quality. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 4, S. 274-286., 2023-09-18. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i4.7082
Abstract
"The Covid‐19 pandemic caused a digitalization boost, mainly through the rise of telework. Even before the pandemic, advancing digital transformation restructured the way of working and thereby changed the quality of jobs—albeit at a different pace across occupations. With data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we examine how job quality and the use of digital technologies changed during the first pandemic year in different occupations. Building on this, we analyze change score models to investigate how increased workplace digitalization connects to changes in selected aspects of employees’ subjective job quality. We find only a weak association between the digitalization boost in different occupational fields and the overall decrease in subjective job quality. However, telework—as one aspect of digitalization—is connected to a smaller decrease in work–family reconciliation and conformable working hours. Thus, it may buffer some detrimental pandemic effects on job quality. In addition, telework is connected to increased information overload, creating a new burden for specific employee groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A machine learning approach for assessing labor supply to the online labor market (2023)
Fung, Esabella;Zitatform
Fung, Esabella (2023): A machine learning approach for assessing labor supply to the online labor market. (MPRA paper / University Library of Munich 118844), München, 28 S.
Abstract
"The online labor market, comprised of companies such as Upwork, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and their freelancer workforce, has expanded worldwide over the past 15 years and has changed the labor market landscape. Although qualitative studies have been done to identify factors related to the global supply to the online labor market, few data modeling studies have been conducted to quantify the importance of these factors in this area. This study applied tree-based supervised learning techniques, decision tree regression, random forest, and gradient boosting, to systematically evaluate the online labor supply with 70 features related to climate, population, economics, education, health, language, and technology adoption. To provide machine learning explainability, SHAP, based on the Shapley values, was introduced to identify features with high marginal contributions. The top 5 contributing features indicate the tight integration of technology adoption, language, and human migration patterns with the online labor market supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Evolution of Platform Gig Work, 2012-2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Garin, Andrew, Emilie Jackson, Dmitri K. Koustas & Alicia Miller (2023): The Evolution of Platform Gig Work, 2012-2021. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31273), Cambridge, Mass, 72 S.
Abstract
"We document the dynamics of tax-based measures of work mediated by online platforms from 2012 through 2021. We present a measurement framework to account for high reporting thresholds on some information returns using returns from states with lower reporting thresholds to provide a more complete estimate of total platform work. Updating data through 2021 allows us to provide the most comprehensive estimates of the COVID-19 pandemic on tax filing behavior. We find that the number of workers receiving information returns not subject to the 1099-K gap increased dramatically during the pandemic, with least 5 million individuals receiving information returns from platform gig work by 2021, nearly all from transportation platforms. We present evidence that the availability of expanded unemployment insurance benefits resulted in many individuals who were platform workers in 2019 not reporting any self-employment income in 2020-2021. At the same time, other services done by platform gig workers increased dramatically by at least 3.1 million people between 2019 and 2021. Interestingly, the broader 1099-contract economy follows a different trend, declining during this period, suggesting the challenges for tax administration are largely concentrated among platform gig workers, at least through 2021." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Faire Arbeit in der österreichischen Plattformökonomie? (2023)
Zitatform
Griesser, Markus, Martin Gruber-Risak, Benjamin Herr, Leonhard Plank & Laura Vogel (2023): Faire Arbeit in der österreichischen Plattformökonomie? (Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 242), Wien, 94 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie liefert eine branchenübergreifende Darstellung der ortsgebundenen Plattformarbeit in Österreich anhand einer Untersuchung von sechs Unternehmen aus vier unterschiedlichen Branchen (Essenslieferung, Lebensmittellieferung, Personentransport, Reinigungsarbeit). Sie entstand im Kontext des internationalen Fairwork-Netzwerks, das im Sinne der Aktionsforschung zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen im Bereich der Plattformökonomie beitragen möchte. Dabei werden Unternehmen entlang von fünf Prinzipien (faire Bezahlung, faire Arbeitsbedingungen, faire Verträge, faire Management-Prozesse, faire Mitbestimmung) auf Basis eines multimethodischen Designs bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen die große Heterogenität von ortsgebundener Plattformarbeit und verdeutlichen, dass die Auswirkungen für Beschäftigte stark von den gewählten Geschäftsmodellen der Unternehmen abhängen. Dabei schneiden jene Plattformen am besten ab, die geschäftliche Risiken und Verantwortung nicht einseitig auf Beschäftigte abschieben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformökonomie in Deutschland (2023)
Zitatform
Haipeter, Thomas & Fabian Hoose (2023): Plattformökonomie in Deutschland. (IAQ-Forschung 2023-04), Duisburg, 18 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/78930
Abstract
"Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung von Plattformarbeit in Deutschland in den vergangenen Jahren; er ist entstanden aus der Beteiligung der Autoren am europäischen Forschungsprojekt "Don't Gig Up. Never!". Die Vermessung des Plattformarbeitsmarktes ist nicht abgeschlossen, wenngleich Befunde aus verschiedenen Befragungen vorliegen. Grundsätzliche arbeits- und sozialpolitische Reformen bezogen auf Plattformarbeit blieben bislang aus - angesichts der dynamischen Entwicklung besteht jedoch Regulierungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Governing the work-related risks of AI: implications for the German government and trade unions (2023)
Zitatform
Hassel, Anke & Didem Özkiziltan (2023): Governing the work-related risks of AI: implications for the German government and trade unions. In: Transfer, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 71-86. DOI:10.1177/10242589221147228
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert die Risiken, die in der Welt der Arbeit durch künstliche Intelligenz (KI) entstehen. Dabei unterscheiden wir zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Risikokategorien: direkten und indirekten Risiken. Direkte Risiken sind durch KI entstehende Formen von Diskriminierung, Überwachung und Informationsasymmetrien am Arbeitsplatz. Zu den indirekten Risiken gehören die verstärkte Automatisierung am Arbeitsplatz und die zunehmende „Zerfaserung“ von Arbeit. Direkte und indirekte Risiken werden anhand des Transport- und Logistiksektors exemplarisch dargestellt. Wir diskutieren Lösungsansätze der Politik für beide Risikokategorien im Kontext der deutschen Wirtschaft und argumentieren, dass es je nach Art des Risikos differenzierter Lösungen bedarf. Direkte Risiken lassen sich durch europäische und nationale Rechtsvorschriften gegen Diskriminierung, Überwachung und Informationsasymmetrien eingrenzen. Die indirekten Risiken müssen besser analysiert werden, um die sektorspezifischen Veränderungen zu verstehen sowie einschlägige Expertise und Kompetenzen zu entwickeln. Diese Strategie zur Bewältigung KI-induzierter Risiken am Arbeitsplatz wird dazu beitragen, die Chancen für menschenwürdige Arbeit, faire Vergütung und adäquate soziale Absicherung für alle zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A Tale of Two Cities: the intrinsic spatial logic of courier protests (2023)
Zitatform
Heiland, Heiner (2023): A Tale of Two Cities: the intrinsic spatial logic of courier protests. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 707-719. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.47
Abstract
"Protests differ and so do protest outcomes. This is also the case in food delivery gig work, which is characterized by frequent labor unrest. Various cross-country analyzes have pointed to the importance of the national context for the strategies and outcomes of courier protests. However, as the article shows, the protests already differ at the level of different cities. To analyse this, the study argues that the heterogeneity of protests in platform-mediated courier work is due to the spatially distinct logic of the respective cities. The research is based on two case studies of food delivery platforms in Germany, which were investigated with a mixed methods research design consisting of interviews, multi-sited ethnography and a survey. The findings show that the intrinsic logic of the two centres of courier protests studied (Cologne and Berlin) played a central role in the composition of the protesting groups, their strategies and subsequently the outcomes. However, it turns out that intrinsic logics are not homogeneous and in fact may exist in various forms, which can be complementary or in conflict with each other and are supported and realized by different social groups. In addition, the size of the cities also proves to be decisive for the dynamics of the protests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dependency and Social Recognition of Online Platform Workers: Evidence From a Mixed‐Methods Study (2023)
Zitatform
Klaus, Dominik, Barbara Haas & Maddalena Lamura (2023): Dependency and Social Recognition of Online Platform Workers: Evidence From a Mixed‐Methods Study. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 4, S. 251-261. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i4.7186
Abstract
"This article is about those who need or want to make a living from working on online platforms. Moreover, questions of financial dependence are related to why this work is done and what social recognition the workers expect from it. Our mixed-methods approach captures this heterogeneous field of online platform work by dividing it into three categories: (a) microwork, (b) mesowork, and (c) macrowork. Microwork involves offering short, repetitive tasks to an anonymous crowd, such as human intelligence tasks. Macrowork consists of market-based freelance platforms offering highly skilled professionals complex and more extensive tasks. In between, mesowork covers platforms offering specialized tasks such as software testing or content creation. While income opportunities and working conditions vary widely between these platforms, common features include self-employment and the ability to work from anywhere. Quantitative results show that only for a few highly skilled workers does income from platform work account for a crucial share of their household income. Surprisingly, workers’ household incomes do not differ by skill level. Qualitative results complement this picture by giving us a more contextual understanding of the significant variation among workers. We find cases in which monetary remuneration is not the only reason for doing platform work. So, despite all the criticism of precarious working conditions, platform work does have some positive aspects and can also hold the potential for the social inclusion of people who cannot participate in traditional labor markets. This article contributes to these discussions by providing workers’ perspectives on the risks and challenges of online platform work, acknowledging their different living situations, socioeconomic status, and health issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entkoppelte Arbeitswelten: Betriebliche Arbeitsorganisationen und neue Intermediäre im Strukturwandel postindustrieller und virtueller Arbeitsgesellschaften (2023)
Zitatform
Krause, Ina (2023): Entkoppelte Arbeitswelten. Betriebliche Arbeitsorganisationen und neue Intermediäre im Strukturwandel postindustrieller und virtueller Arbeitsgesellschaften. (Arbeit und Organisation 6), Bielefeld: Transcript, 330 S. DOI:10.14361/9783839459423
Abstract
"Die Strukturen der industriell geprägten Arbeitsgesellschaft werden durch den zunehmenden Einsatz automatisierter und digitaler Technologien sowie den Ausbau der Infrastruktur des Internets maßgeblich verändert. Gleichzeitig lässt sich eine intensive Flexibilisierung vertrauter Strukturen betriebszentrierter Organisationsformen von Beschäftigung beobachten. Ina Krause beschreibt einzelne Dynamiken auf der gesellschaftlichen Mesoebene und trägt damit zur Debatte über die nachhaltige Gestaltung der digitalen und virtuellen Arbeitsgesellschaft in Deutschland bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Transcript)
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Literaturhinweis
New tech, old exploitation: Gig economy, algorithmic control and migrant labour (2023)
Zitatform
Lata, Lutfun Nahar, Jasmine Burdon & Tim Reddel (2023): New tech, old exploitation: Gig economy, algorithmic control and migrant labour. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. e13028. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13028
Abstract
"Digital platforms are the newest technological wave that is reshaping and reconfiguring the economic and labour landscape. Digital platforms often known as the gig economy are increasingly adopting app-based models to connect consumers with workers to complete their on-demand tasks. However, on-demand platforms continue to rely on the unequal division of labour and the precarious nature of the work to create labour markets that can respond accordingly to the increase in service provision. This review highlights two main themes that have emerged within the on-demand gig economy in the current literature—mythical autonomy and algorithmic control and misclassification of labour and the complexity of migrant workers in navigating this space. Finally, this review calls for further research into the inside/outside dichotomy of migrant labour within the gig economy and their experiences of labour exploitation through app-based digital platforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market digitalization and social class: evidence of mobility and reproduction from a European survey of online platform workers (2023)
Zitatform
Martindale, Nicholas & Vili Lehdonvirta (2023): Labour market digitalization and social class: evidence of mobility and reproduction from a European survey of online platform workers. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 21, H. 4, S. 1945-1965. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwad049
Abstract
"The type of work we do as adults is significantly influenced by our parents' social class. However, digital technologies are transforming the way labor markets work. Candidates are screened using algorithmic decision-making systems. Skills are validated with online tests and feedback ratings. Communications take place online. Could these transformations undermine the advantages that have accrued to workers with privileged backgrounds or reproduce this privilege through digital divides? We examine this question with survey evidence from the online (remote) platform economy, a labor market segment where these digital transformations have progressed furthest (N = 1,001). The results reveal that online platform workers come predominantly from privileged class backgrounds, but we find less evidence of parental class shaping what types of online work they do. We conclude that digital transformations of labor markets may reproduce disparities in access to work but attenuate some class-based differences in the selection of workers by employers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Undeclared activities on digital labour platforms: an exploratory study (2023)
Zitatform
Mațcu, Mara, Adriana Zaiț, Rodica Ianole-Călin & Ioana Alexandra Horodnic (2023): Undeclared activities on digital labour platforms: an exploratory study. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 7/8, S. 740-755. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-07-2022-0186
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper aims to explore the prevalence of undeclared activities conducted on digital labour platforms, and then to discuss what policies are likely to be more effective in order to prevent the growth of the informal activities on these platforms. Design/methodology/approach: To depict the profile of the digital worker conducting undeclared activities, the sectors where undeclared activities are more prevalent and the effectiveness of deterrent policies, data are reported from 2019 Special Eurobarometer survey covering the European Union member states and the UK. Findings: The finding is that 13% of undeclared activities are conducted on digital labour platforms. This practice is more common amongst men, those married or remarried, those living in small/middle towns, in sectors such as repairs/renovations, selling goods/services, assistance for dependant persons, gardening and help moving house. The higher the perceived sanction, the lower the likelihood of undertaking undeclared activities on digital labour platforms. Intriguing, a higher risk of detection is associated with a higher likelihood to use digital labour platform for undeclared activities.Practical implications The attitudes toward risk can be interpreted closer to the gaming context, and not to the working environment, looking at platform workers as being involved in a state versus individual game. Policy makers should consider improving the correspondence of laws and regulations between countries and offering operational assistance for suppliers and consumers. Originality/value: This is the first paper to explore the prevalence of undeclared activities conducted on digital labour platforms and to outline the policy measures required to reduce this practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work (2023)
Zitatform
Mendonça, Pedro, Nadia K. Kougiannou & Ian Clark (2023): Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 60-77. DOI:10.1111/irel.12320
Abstract
"This article examines the process of informalization of work in platform food delivery work in the UK. Drawing on qualitative data, this article provides new analytical insight into what drives individual formal couriers to both supply and demand informalized sub-contracted gig work to undocumented migrants, and how a platform company enables informal work practices through permissive HR practices and technology. In doing so, this article shows how platform companies are enablers of informal labor markets and contribute to the expansion of hyper-precarious working conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))