Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work (2022)
Zitatform
Korinek, Anton & Megan Juelfs (2022): Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work. (NBER working paper 30172), Cambridge, Mass, 42 S. DOI:10.3386/w30172
Abstract
"This paper considers the labor market and distributional implications of a scenario of ever-more-intelligent autonomous machines that substitute for human labor and drive down wages. We lay out three concerns arising from such a scenario and evaluate recent predictions and objections to these concerns. Then we analyze how a utilitarian social planner would allocate work and income if these concerns start to materialize. As the income produced by autonomous machines rises and the value of labor declines, a utilitarian planner finds it optimal to phase out work, beginning with workers who have low labor productivity and job satisfaction, since they have comparative advantage in enjoying leisure. This is in stark contrast to welfare systems that force individuals with low labor productivity to work. If there are significant wage declines, avoiding mass misery will require other ways of distributing income than labor markets, whether via sufficiently well-distributed capital ownership or via benefits. Recipients could still engage in work for its own sake if they enjoy work amenities such as structure, purpose and meaning. If work gives rise to positive externalities such as social connections or political stability, or if individuals undervalue the benefits of work because of internalities, then a social planner would incentivize work. However, in the long run, the planner might be able to achieve a higher level of social welfare by adopting alternative ways of providing these benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Task-Based Theory of Occupations with Multidimensional Heterogeneity (2022)
Ocampo, Sergio;Zitatform
Ocampo, Sergio (2022): A Task-Based Theory of Occupations with Multidimensional Heterogeneity. (Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP) working paper series 2022-02), London, Ontario, 64 S.
Abstract
"I develop an assignment model of occupations with multidimensional heterogeneity in production tasks and worker skills. Tasks are distributed continuously in the skill space, whereas workers have a discrete distribution with a finite number of types. Occupations arise endogenously as bundles of tasks optimally assigned to a type of worker. The model allows us to study how occupations respond to changes in the economic environment, making it useful for analyzing the implications of automation, skill-biased technical change, offshoring, and worker training. Using the model, I characterize how wages, the marginal product of workers, the substitutability between worker types, and the labor share depend on the assignment of tasks to workers. I introduce automation as the choice of the optimal size and location of a mass of identical robots in the task space. Automation displaces workers by replacing them in the performance of tasks, generating a cascading effect on other workers as the boundaries of occupations are redrawn." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: 2019 Meeting Papers, 477 -
Literaturhinweis
Technological externalities and wages: new evidence from Italian provinces (2022)
Zitatform
Ricci, Andrea, Claudia Vittori, Francesco Quartaro & Stefano Dughera (2022): Technological externalities and wages: new evidence from Italian provinces. (INAPP working paper / Istituto nazionale per l’analisi delle politiche pubbliche 85), Rom, 23 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we investigate the relationship between local wages and the internal structure of the regional knowledge base. The purpose is to assess if the workers' compensations are related to the peculiarities of the technological space where they supply their labor services. To test this hypothesis, we apply the concepts of related and unrelated variety to the firms' patenting activity as to assess if wages grow more in a framework of 'knowledge deepening' (generated by firms innovating in related technological domains) or in one of 'knowledge widening' (generated by firms innovating in unrelated technological domains)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Intra-Sectoral Wage Inequality in an Open Economy: A Finite Change Approach (2022)
Zitatform
Roy, Shreya, Sugata Marjit & Bibek Ray Chaudhuri (2022): Role of Artificial Intelligence in Intra-Sectoral Wage Inequality in an Open Economy. A Finite Change Approach. (CESifo working paper 9862), München, 27 S.
Abstract
"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to significantly impact the income of individuals. Cross-country data shows that introduction of AI is inequality enhancing in developing and less developed countries. In this paper, we attempt to understand the reason for increase in wage inequality across labourers due to introduction of AI, in a finite change General Equilibrium (GE) set up which allows for emergence of a new activity. AI-induced technological shock is introduced in the non-traded sector of an open economy with heterogeneous skills. We show how the advent of AI (which was initially non-existent) in the non-traded sector separates the skills of the once homogenous workers, thus, creating an intra-sectoral wage gap. What proportion of the low-skilled workers can move to the higher wage paying sector depends on an adaptability factor that acts as an eligibility criterion in fragmenting the erstwhile homogenous labourers and also works towards rising intra-group wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage inequality and induced innovation in a classical-Marxian growth model (2022)
Stamegna, Marco;Zitatform
Stamegna, Marco (2022): Wage inequality and induced innovation in a classical-Marxian growth model. (MPRA paper / University Library of Munich 113805), München, 37 S.
Abstract
"The present paper works out a classical-Marxian growth model with an endogenous direction of technical change and a heterogeneous labour force, made up of high-skilled and low-skilled workers. It draws on the Kaleckian mark-up pricing to link wage inequality to the relative unit labour cost at a firm level; on growth cycle models à la Goodwin to formalize the dynamic interaction between labour market and distributive shares of income; on the induced innovation literature to link the bias of technical change to the firm's choice of the optimal combination of factor-augmenting technologies. We assume that economic growth is constrained by the growth rate of the high-skilled effective labour supply, whereas the low-skilled labour supply is perfectly elastic. Thus, we develop a three-dimensional system of differential equations for the output-capital ratio, the relative unit labour cost and the employment rate of the high-skilled workers, and investigate the stability and the main properties of the steady-state equilibrium. We find that, in contrast to the neoclassical literature on skill-biased technical change, the institutional framework governing the conflict over income distribution is the ultimate determinant of both wage inequality and the direction of technical change. A decline in low-skilled workers' bargaining strength or a rise in product market concentration lead to both an increase in wage inequality and a bias of technical change favouring high-skilled over low-skilled labour productivity growth. As opposed to the Goodwin model with induced technical change and homogeneous labour force, labour market institutions thus affect steady-state income distribution, capital accumulation and labour productivity growth, and no necessary trade-off arises between labour market regulation and employment. Finally, if the steady-state value of wage inequality exceeds a critical value, an exogenous increase in the mark-up or in the high-skilled workers' bargaining power" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and the Gender Pay Gap in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Aksoy, Cevat Giray, Berkay Özcan & Julia Philipp (2021): Robots and the Gender Pay Gap in Europe. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 134. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103693
Abstract
"Could robotization make the gender pay gap worse? We provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of industrial robots on the gender pay gap using data from 20 European countries. We show that robot adoption increases both male and female earnings but also increases the gender pay gap. Using an instrumental variable strategy, we find that a ten percent increase in robotization leads to a 1.8 percent increase in the gender pay gap. These results are driven by countries with high initial levels of gender inequality and can be explained by the fact that men at medium- and high-skill occupations disproportionately benefit from robotization, through a productivity effect. We rule out the possibility that our results are driven by mechanical changes in the gender composition of the workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 13482 -
Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Effects Of Technology Shocks Biased Toward The Traded Sector (2021)
Zitatform
Bertinelli, Luisito, Olivier Cardi & Romain Restout (2021): Labor Market Effects Of Technology Shocks Biased Toward The Traded Sector. (Documents de travail / Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée 2021-09), Sraßburg, 154 S.
Abstract
"Motivated by recent evidence pointing at an increasing contribution of asymmetric shocks across sectors to economic fluctuations, we explore the labor market effects of technology shocks biased toward the traded sector. Our VAR evidence for seventeen OECD countries reveals that the non-traded sector alone drives the increase in total hours worked following a technology shock that increases permanently traded relative to non-traded TFP. The shock gives rise to a reallocation of labor which contributes to 35% on average of the rise in non-traded hours worked. Both labor reallocation and variations in labor income shares are found empirically connected with factor-biased technological change. Our quantitative analysis shows that a two-sector open economy model with flexible prices can reproduce the labor market effects we document empirically once we allow for technological change biased toward labor together with additional specific elements. When calibrating the model to country-specific data, its ability to account for the cross-country reallocation and redistributive effects we estimate increases once we let factor-biased technological change vary between sectors and across countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt auf die Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen: Kurzexpertise im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales (2021)
Bonin, Holger ; Steffes, Susanne; Koch, Niklas [Mitarb.]; Krause-Pilatus, Annabelle; Gehlen, Annica; Rinne, Ulf ; Koch, Niklas; Ody, Margard; Hillerich-Sigg, Annette; Teschner, Mia;Zitatform
Bonin, Holger, Susanne Steffes, Annette Hillerich-Sigg, Annabelle Krause-Pilatus & Ulf Rinne (2021): Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt auf die Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen. Kurzexpertise im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales. (IZA research report 107), Bonn, 57 S.
Abstract
"Der digitale Wandel verändert die Beschäftigungschancen in einzelnen Branchen und Berufen unterschiedlich, und auch der digitale Wandel am individuellen Arbeitsplatz kann sich in Form und Intensität sehr verschieden gestalten. Wegen der anhaltenden Geschlechterunterschiede in der Arbeitswelt könnten die mit der Digitalisierung einhergehenden Veränderungen die Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenschancen von Frauen systematisch anders verändern als Männer. Dabei schafft der technologische Wandel am Arbeitsmarkt sowohl Risiken, dass sich die Disparitäten zwischen den Geschlechtern vergrößern, als auch Chancen für Frauen, ihre Stellung im Arbeitsmarkt im Verhältnis zu den Männern zu verbessern. Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt diese Kurzexpertise einen fundierten Überblick über die Erkenntnisse der nationalen und internationalen Forschung zu den Chancen und Risiken, die der digitale Wandel am Arbeitsmarkt spezifisch für Frauen mit sich bringen kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Reproducing Global Inequalities in the Online Labour Market: Valuing Capital in the Design Field (2021)
Zitatform
Demirel, Pelin, Ekaterina Nemkova & Rebecca Taylor (2021): Reproducing Global Inequalities in the Online Labour Market: Valuing Capital in the Design Field. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 35, H. 5, S. 914-930. DOI:10.1177/0950017020942447
Abstract
"Millions of freelancers work on digital platforms in the online labour market (OLM). The OLM´s capacity to both undermine and reproduce labour inequalities is a theme in contemporary platform economy debates. What is less well understood is how processes of social (re)production take place in practice for diverse freelancers on global platforms. Drawing on a study of freelance designers, we use Bourdieus notions of capital and field to explore the specific rules of the game and the symbolic valuing of skills and identities that secure legitimacy and advantage in the OLM. We contribute to contemporary debates by illuminating the power of Global North actors to shape freelancer positions and hierarchies in the online design field. The cost advantages of Global South workers are counterbalanced by the symbolic legitimising of specific cultural and social practices (specifically in relation to language) and the devaluing of others." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Do Workers Adjust When Firms Adopt New Technologies? (2021)
Zitatform
Genz, Sabrina, Terry Gregory, Markus Janser, Florian Lehmer & Britta Matthes (2021): How Do Workers Adjust When Firms Adopt New Technologies? (IZA discussion paper 14626), Bonn, 56 S.
Abstract
"We investigate how workers adjust to firms' investments into new digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, augmented reality, or 3D printing. For this, we collected novel data that links survey information on firms' technology adoption to administrative social security data. We then compare individual outcomes between workers employed at technology adopters relative to non-adopters. Depending on the type of technology, we find evidence for improved employment stability, higher wage growth, and increased cumulative earnings in response to digital technology adoption. These beneficial adjustments seem to be driven by technologies used by service providers rather than manufacturers. However, the adjustments do not occur equally across worker groups: IT-related expert jobs with non-routine analytic tasks benefit most from technological upgrading, coinciding with highly complex job requirements, but not necessarily with more academic skills." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work and Labour Relations in Global Platform Capitalism (2021)
Haidar, Julieta; Keune, Miska;Zitatform
Haidar, Julieta & Miska Keune (Hrsg.) (2021): Work and Labour Relations in Global Platform Capitalism. (ILERA Publication series), Cheltenham: Elgar, 288 S. DOI:10.4337/9781802205138
Abstract
"This engaging and timely book provides an in-depth analysis of work and labour relations within global platform capitalism with a specific focus on digital platforms that organise labour processes, known as labour platforms. Well-respected contributors thoroughly examine both online and offline platforms, their distinct differences and the important roles they play for both large transnational companies and those with a smaller global reach." (Author's abstract, © Edward Elgar Publishing) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technology-Skill Complementarity and Labor Displacement: Evidence from Linking Two Centuries of Patents with Occupations (2021)
Zitatform
Kogan, Leonid, Dimitris Papanikolaou, Lawrence D. W. Schmidt & Bryan Seegmiller (2021): Technology-Skill Complementarity and Labor Displacement: Evidence from Linking Two Centuries of Patents with Occupations. (NBER working paper 29552), Cambridge, Mass, 66 S. DOI:10.3386/w29552
Abstract
"We construct new technology indicators using textual analysis of patent documents and occupation task descriptions that span almost two centuries (1850–2010). At the industry level, improvements in technology are associated with higher labor productivity but a decline in the labor share. Exploiting variation in the extent certain technologies are related to specific occupations, we show that technological innovation has been largely associated with worse labor market outcomes—wages and employment—for incumbent workers in related occupations using a combination of public-use and confidential administrative data. Panel data on individual worker earnings reveal that less educated, older, and more highly-paid workers experience significantly greater declines in average earnings and earnings risk following related technological advances. We reconcile these facts with the standard view of technology-skill complementarity using a model that allows for skill displacement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: A text-similarity measure (2021)
Zitatform
Montobbio, Fabio, Jacopo Staccioli & Marco Vivarelli (2021): Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: A text-similarity measure. (UNU-MERIT Working Paper 2021,44), Maastricht, 37 S.
Abstract
"This paper represents one of the first attempts at building a direct measure of occupational exposure to robotic labour-saving technologies. After identifying robotic and LS robotic patents retrieved by Montobbio et al. (2022), the underlying 4-digit CPC definitions are employed in order to detect functions and operations performed by technological artefacts which are more directed to substitute the labour input. This measure allows to obtain fine-grained information on tasks and occupations according to their similarity ranking. Occupational exposure by wage and employment dynamics in the United States is then studied, complemented by investigating industry and geographical penetration rates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Crowdwork for Young People: Risks and Opportunities (2021)
O'Higgins, Niall; Caro, Luis Pinedo;Zitatform
O'Higgins, Niall & Luis Pinedo Caro (2021): Crowdwork for Young People: Risks and Opportunities. (IZA discussion paper 14933), Bonn, 41 S.
Abstract
"In recent years, crowdworking has emerged as a small but rapidly growing source of employment and income principally for young(er) people. Here, we build on previous work in identifying the determinants of crowdworkers' earnings. We focus on the reasons why young crowdworkers earn significantly higher hourly wages than their older counterparts. We show that this is due to the higher returns to experience accruing to younger crowd-workers. Educational attainment does not explain this age-based differential, as education is a negligible factor in determining crowdworkers' earnings. We also analyse why young women earn around 20% less than their male counterparts despite blind hiring. We confirm that this is partly explained by constraints on working time faced by women with children. The analysis also shows that 'freely chosen' crowdwork - as opposed to, young people crowd-working because of a lack of alternative employment opportunities - is conducive to higher levels of job satisfaction. Moreover, young crowdworkers in middle income countries earn less than their counterparts in high income countries but report higher levels of job satisfaction. This is entirely attributable to the lower quality of their options outside of crowdwork." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Markups and Concentration in the Context of Digitization: Evidence from German Manufacturing Industries (2021)
Zitatform
Weche, John P. & Joachim Wagner (2021): Markups and Concentration in the Context of Digitization: Evidence from German Manufacturing Industries. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 241, H. 5/6, S. 667-699. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2020-0046
Abstract
"Recent empirical studies suggest that there is a rising trend of market power across sectors in advanced economies. We contribute to this line of research by providing industry-specific evidence for German manufacturing industries, based on representative high-quality firm-level data from official statistics that cover firms from all size classes with more than 20 employees (2005–2013). We compare firm-specific markups and industry concentration as market power indicators that reflect a market structure and a performance perspective, respectively. Our results do not suggest an overall average increase in market power in German manufacturing, but increasing markups and an increasing concentration in many industries. We demonstrate the complementarity of the indicators, as predicted by industrial organization theory. We also evaluate the competitive impact of digitization and find no clear evidence that digital transformation and market power go hand in hand." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and the Gender Pay Gap in Europe (2020)
Zitatform
Aksoy, Cevat Giray, Berkay Ozcan & Julia Philipp (2020): Robots and the Gender Pay Gap in Europe. (IZA discussion paper 13482), 48 S.
Abstract
"Could robotization make the gender pay gap worse? We provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of industrial robots on the gender pay gap using data from 20 European countries. We show that robot adoption increases both male and female earnings but also increases the gender pay gap. Using an instrumental variable strategy, we find that a ten percent increase in robotization leads to a 1.8 percent increase in the gender pay gap. These results are mainly driven by countries with high levels of gender inequality and outsourcing destination countries. We then explore the mechanisms behind this effect and find that our results can be explained by the fact that men at medium- and high-skill occupations disproportionately benefit from robotization (through a productivity effect). We rule out the possibility that our results are driven by mechanical changes in the gender composition of the workforce nor by inflows or outflows from the manufacturing sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: European Economic Review , (2021), Art. 103693 -
Literaturhinweis
Automation, Robots and Wage Inequality in Germany: a decomposition Analysis (2020)
Zitatform
Brall, Franziska & Ramona Schmid (2020): Automation, Robots and Wage Inequality in Germany. A decomposition Analysis. (Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences 14-2020), Stuttgart, 71 S.
Abstract
"We analyze how and through which channels wage inequality is affected by the rise in automation and robotization in the manufacturing sector in Germany from 1996 to 2017. Combining rich linked employer-employee data accounting for a variety of different individual, firm and industry characteristics with data on industrial robots and automation probabilities of occupations, we are able to disentangle different potential causes behind changes in wage inequality in Germany. We apply the recentered influence function (RIF) regression based Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition on several inequality indices and find evidence that besides personal characteristics like age and education the rise in automation and robotization contributes significantly to wage inequality in Germany. Structural shifts in the workforce composition towards occupations with lower or medium automation threat lead to higher wage inequality, which is observable over the whole considered time period. The effect of automation on the wage structure results in higher inequality in the 1990s and 2000s, while it has a significant decreasing inequality effect for the upper part of the wage distribution in the more recent time period." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Genderaspekte von Plattformarbeit: Stand in Forschung und Literatur : Expertise für den Dritten Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung (2020)
Hensel, Isabell;Zitatform
Hensel, Isabell (2020): Genderaspekte von Plattformarbeit. Stand in Forschung und Literatur : Expertise für den Dritten Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung. (Dritter Gleichstellungsbericht der Bundesregierung), Berlin, 125 S.
Abstract
"Die Vermittlung von lokalen oder virtuellen Dienstleistungen über web-basierte Plattformen, auch Gig-, Cloud-, Crowd- oder Click-Work genannt, gewinnt im Zuge der Digitalisierung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese neue Form der Arbeitsorganisation geht mit gravierenden Auswirkungen auf Arbeitsverhältnisse und Beschäftigungsstrukturen einher. Gerade für Frauen verspricht das Geschäftsmodell oftmals zeitlich flexible Arbeit, Wiedereinstiegsmöglichkeiten und Vereinbarkeit. Welche geschlechtsbezogenen Auswirkungen sie tatsächlich haben, ist meist kein Thema. Dabei weist etwa die US-amerikanische Literatur auf zahlreiche Genderaspekte hin, beispielweise unterschiedliche Vergütungen von Frauen und Männern, Zugangsbarrieren, Vereinbarkeitsdruck, sexuelle Belästigung und körperliche Übergriffe oder auch diskriminierende Algorithmen. Die Sachverständigenkommission hat Dr. Isabell Hensel beauftragt, die deutsche und US-amerikanische Literatur zu Gender und Plattformarbeit im Hinblick auf gleichstellungsrelevante Kernthemen auszuwerten. Die nun vorliegende Expertise beantwortet die Frage, welche Genderaspekte im Rahmen von Plattformarbeit thematisiert werden und zeigt gleichstellungsrelevante Chancen und Risiken, Datenlücken und Forschungsbedarf auf. Zudem thematisiert Isabell Hensel zahlreiche gleichstellungsorientierte Handlungsoptionen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Soziale Risiken der Digitalisierung – Regulierungsbedarfe der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse (2020)
Zitatform
Keller, Berndt & Hartmut Seifert (2020): Soziale Risiken der Digitalisierung – Regulierungsbedarfe der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 227-249. DOI:10.3224/indbez.v27i2.07
Abstract
"Der Beitrag behandelt die absehbaren sozialen Risiken der Digitalisierung und unterbreitet eine Reihe von Vorschlägen zur Regulierung der zukünftigen Beschäftigungsverhältnisse. Der erste Teil präsentiert auf der Basis von Projektionen einen Referenzrahmen zur Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes. Danach unterscheiden wir drei Gruppen von sozialen Risiken, die zeitlich gestaffelt werden: kurzfristig Einkommen, mittelfristig Weiterbildung, langfristig Alterssicherung. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die besonders betroffenen Gruppen der (Solo-)Selbstständigen und Plattformbeschäftigten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Automatisierung, Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigungsstrukturen in der Automobilindustrie. Eine kurze Geschichte vom Anfang der 1990er bis 2018 (2020)
Zitatform
Krzywdzinski, Martin (2020): Automatisierung, Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigungsstrukturen in der Automobilindustrie. Eine kurze Geschichte vom Anfang der 1990er bis 2018. (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Discussion papers SP 3 2020-302), Berlin, 64 S.
Abstract
"In der gegenwärtigen Diskussion gilt es als sicher, dass wir in einer Zeit rasant fortschreitender Automatisierung leben, die insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Robotern vorangetrieben wird. Die Roboterdichte gilt dementsprechend in vielen Publikationen als der zentrale Indikator der Automatisierung. Die vorliegende Studie stellt diese Argumentation in Frage. Sie untersucht zwei zentrale Fragen: Erstens, welche Ansätze der Automatisierung und Digitalisierung werden in der Automobilindustrie in Deutschland, Japan und den USA verfolgt? Zweitens, wie haben sich die Beschäftigung und ihre Zusammensetzung nach Tätigkeitsgruppen in der Automobilindustrie in den drei Ländern entwickelt? Der erste Teil der Studie fokussiert auf die Entwicklung der Automatisierungs- und Digitalisierungsansätze in der Automobilindustrie seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre bis heute. Er kombiniert eine qualitative Analyse der Fachpresse der Automobilbranche sowie eine quantitative Auswertung der Entwicklung des Roboterbestands von 1993 bis 2018 basierend auf den Statistiken der International Federation of Robotics. Im zweiten Teil der Studie wird der Wandel der Beschäftigungsstrukturen anhand von Berufsstatistiken des Bureau of Labor Statistics (USA), der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Deutschland) und des Statistics Bureau of Japan untersucht. Die Studie stellt die Wahrnehmung einer automatisierungsbedingten Bedrohung von Beschäftigung und insbesondere von Produktionsbeschäftigung in Frage. Sie diskutiert zugleich die Entwicklungen in Deutschland, Japan und den USA im Vergleich und verdeutlicht Unter-schiede der Automatisierung- und Digitalisierungsansätze sowie auch unterschiedliche Pfade des Wandels von Beschäftigungsstrukturen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen