matching – Suchprozesse am Arbeitsmarkt
Offene Stellen bei gleichzeitiger Arbeitslosigkeit - was Arbeitsmarkttheorien u. a. mit "unvollkommener Information" begründen, ist für Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchende oft nur schwer nachzuvollziehen: Unternehmen können freie Stellen nicht besetzen, trotzdem finden Arbeitsuchende nur schwer den passenden Job. Wie gestalten sich die Suchprozesse bei Unternehmen und Arbeitsuchenden, welche Konzessionen sind beide Seiten bereit einzugehen, wie lässt sich das "matching" verbessern?
Diese Infoplattform bietet wissenschaftliche Literatur zur theoretischen und empirischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema.
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Literaturhinweis
Local labor market size and qualification mismatch (2019)
Zitatform
Berlingieri, Francesco (2019): Local labor market size and qualification mismatch. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 19, H. 6, S. 1261-1286. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lby045
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effect of the size of the local labor market on skill mismatch. Using survey data for Germany, I find that workers in large cities are both less likely to be overqualified for their job and to work in a different field than the one for which they trained. Different empirical strategies are employed to account for the potential sorting of talented workers into more urbanized areas. Results on individuals who have never moved away from the place in which they grew up and fixed effects estimates obtaining identification through regional migrants suggest that sorting does not fully explain the existing differences in qualification mismatch across areas. This provides evidence of the existence of agglomeration economies through better matches. However, lower qualification mismatch in larger cities is found to explain at best a small part of the urban wage premium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: ZEW discussion paper , 17-055 -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitgeber bewerten die Dienstleistungen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit überwiegend positiv (Serie "IAB-Stellenerhebung") (2019)
Zitatform
Bossler, Mario, Alexander Kubis & Martina Rebien (2019): Arbeitgeber bewerten die Dienstleistungen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit überwiegend positiv (Serie "IAB-Stellenerhebung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 22.08.2019, o. Sz., 2019-08-14.
Abstract
"Der Arbeitgeber-Service der Bundesagentur für Arbeit unterstützt Arbeitgeber bei ihrer Personalsuche und berät zu arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungsrelevanten Themen. Obwohl das Dienstleistungsangebot überwiegend sehr positiv bewertet wird, nimmt es nur ein Teil der Arbeitgeber in Anspruch - auch deswegen, weil es fast einem Drittel der kleineren Betriebe nicht bekannt ist. Eine Marketingstrategie, die noch stärker auf kleine und mittlere Arbeitgeber zielt, könnte den Kundenkreis deutlich erweitern, zumal auch in diesen Betrieben ein hoher Beratungsbedarf bei der Personalsuche besteht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe: a review of the literature (2019)
Zitatform
Brunello, Giorgio & Patricia Wruuck (2019): Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe. A review of the literature. (IZA discussion paper 12346), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"Labour markets are currently in a phase of cyclical recovery and undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses increasingly report that the limited availability of skills poses an impediment to corporate investment. Genuine skill constraints can negatively affect labour productivity and hamper the ability to innovate and adopt technological developments. For individual Europeans, not having 'the right skills' limits employability prospects and access to quality jobs. For Europe at large, persistent skill gaps and mismatches come at economic and social costs. This paper reviews the recent economic literature on skill mismatch and skill shortages with a focus on Europe a focus on Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Internationaler Workshop beleuchtet die "Black Box" von Such- und Einstellungsprozessen auf Arbeitgeberseite (Serie "IAB-Stellenerhebung") (2019)
Zitatform
Börschlein, Erik-Benjamin, Nicole Gürtzgen & Benjamin Küfner (2019): Internationaler Workshop beleuchtet die "Black Box" von Such- und Einstellungsprozessen auf Arbeitgeberseite (Serie "IAB-Stellenerhebung"). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.12.2019, o. Sz., 2019-12-04.
Abstract
"Der internationale Workshop 'Vacancies, Hiring and Matching' bot einem Fachpublikum Gelegenheit, sich über aktuelle empirische und theoriebasierte Forschung zu arbeitgeberseitigen Such- und Einstellungsprozessen auszutauschen. Die Veranstaltung, zu der das IAB anlässlich des 30-jährigen Bestehens der IAB-Stellenerhebung eingeladen hatte, verdeutlichte die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten und damit die große Notwendigkeit hochwertiger mikro-ökonomischer Datensätze zur Beantwortung zahlreicher Forschungsfragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Financial risk and unemployment (2019)
Zitatform
Eckstein, Zvi, Ofer Setty & David Weiss (2019): Financial risk and unemployment. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 60, H. 2, S. 475-516. DOI:10.1111/iere.12360
Abstract
"There is a strong correlation between corporate interest rates, their spreads relative to Treasuries, and the unemployment rate. We model how corporate interest rates affect equilibrium unemployment and vacancies, in a Diamond - Mortesen - Pissarides search and matching model. Our simple model permits the exploration of U.S. business cycle statistics through the lens of financial shocks. We calibrate the model using U.S. data without targeting business cycle statistics. Volatility in the corporate interest rate can explain a quantitatively meaningful portion of the labor market. Data on corporate firms support the hypothesis that firms facing more volatile financial conditions have more volatile employment." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inconsistent time preferences and on-the-job search: When it pays to be naive (2019)
Zitatform
Fahn, Matthias & Regina Seibel (2019): Inconsistent time preferences and on-the-job search. When it pays to be naive. (CESifo working paper 7604), München, 21 S.
Abstract
"We study optimal employment contracts for present-biased employees who can conduct on-the-job-search. Presuming that firms cannot offer long-term contracts, we find that individuals who are naive about their present bias will actually be better off than sophisticated or time-consistent individuals. Moreover, they search more, which partially counteracts the inefficiencies caused by their present bias." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Quality-Weighted Matching Function: Did the German Labour Market Reforms Trade off Efficiency against Job Quality? (2019)
Zitatform
Gartner, Hermann, Thomas Rothe & Enzo Weber (2019): The Quality-Weighted Matching Function: Did the German Labour Market Reforms Trade off Efficiency against Job Quality? (IAB-Discussion Paper 24/2019), Nürnberg, 14 S.
Abstract
"Wir analysieren den Zielkonflikt zwischen Umfang und Qualität der Beschäftigung, indem wir eine erweiterte Matching-Funktion schätzen, worin die Zahl der neue Beschäftigungsverhältnisse (Matches) mit deren Qualität gewichtet wird. Diesen Ansatz verwenden wir, um die Auswirkungen der Hartz-Reformen der Jahre 2003 bis 2005 auf den Arbeitsmarkt zu bewerten. In der Tat bestätigt sich, dass ein Teil der zusätzlichen Beschäftigungsverhältnisse durch schlechtere Qualität erkauft war. Auch bei konstanter Qualität der neuen Matches wäre aber gut die Hälfte des positiven Effektes auf die Matchingeffizienz infolge der Hartz-Reformen verblieben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Beveridge curve and labour market flows - a reinterpretation (2019)
Gottfries, Nils; Stadin, Karolina;Zitatform
Gottfries, Nils & Karolina Stadin (2019): The Beveridge curve and labour market flows - a reinterpretation. (CESifo working paper 7689), München, 52 S.
Abstract
"According to search-matching theory, the Beveridge curve slopes downward because vacancies are filled more quickly when unemployment is high. Using monthly panel data for local labour markets in Sweden we find no (or only weak) evidence that high unemployment makes it easier to fill vacancies. Instead, there are few vacancies when unemployment is high because there is a low inflow of new vacancies. We construct a simple model with on-the-job search and show that it is broadly consistent with the cyclical behaviour of stocks and flows in the labour market also without search frictions. In periods of high unemployment, fewer employed job seekers find new jobs and this leads to a smaller inflow of new vacancies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
IAB-Stellenerhebung 2018: Bei befristeten Einstellungen wenden die Betriebe weniger Mittel auf (2019)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole, Alexander Kubis & Benjamin Küfner (2019): IAB-Stellenerhebung 2018: Bei befristeten Einstellungen wenden die Betriebe weniger Mittel auf. (IAB-Kurzbericht 17/2019), Nürnberg, 12 S.
Abstract
"Fast zwei Fünftel der neu eingestellten Beschäftigten haben im Jahr 2018 einen befristeten Arbeitsvertrag abgeschlossen. Dabei wird die Befristungswahrscheinlichkeit von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst, von denen hier einige näher untersucht werden. Der Kurzbericht liefert einen Einblick in die betriebliche Befristungspraxis bei Neueinstellungen. So werden unter anderem Such- und Besetzungsdauern sowie Aufwendungen im Rekrutierungsprozess betrachtet, um die Relevanz von verschiedenen Befristungsmotiven einzuschätzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen etwa, dass befristete Neueinstellungen in größeren Betrieben häufiger stattfinden als in kleineren und die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine Stelle befristet besetzt wird, ist bei kurzfristigem Personalbedarf doppelt so hoch wie bei längerfristigem. Befristete Neueinstellungen, die auf einem längerfristigen Bedarf beruhen, werden auch als verlängerte Probezeit genutzt. Im Vergleich zu unbefristeten Stellen ist die Besetzungsdauer bei befristeten deutlich kürzer und die Aufwendungen sind insgesamt geringer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Determinanten befristeter Neueinstellungen und Ergebnisse des multivariaten Regressionsmodells
- Betriebliche Strategien im Besetzungsprozess bei befristeten und unbefristeten Neueinstellungen
- Neueinstellungen nach Dauer der Befristung
- Vorheriger Erwerbsstatus der befristet und unbefristet neu eingestellten Personen
- Anteil der Befristungen bei Neueinstellungen
- Schwierigkeiten im Besetzungsprozess bei befristeten und unbefristeten Neueinstellungen
- Zahl der Bewerber bei befristeten und unbefristeten Neueinstellungen nach Befristungsdauer
- Durchschnittliche Kosten der Personalsuche bei befristeten und unbefristeten Neueinstellungen
- Dauer des Such- und Besetzungsprozesses bei befristeten und unbefristeten Neueinstellungen
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Literaturhinweis
Performance pay and applicant screening (2019)
Zitatform
Jirjahn, Uwe & Jens Mohrenweiser (2019): Performance pay and applicant screening. In: BJIR, Jg. 57, H. 3, S. 540-575. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12443
Abstract
"Using German establishment data, we show that the relationship between intensity of individual-based performance pay and intensity of applicant screening depends on the nature of production. In establishments with increased multitasking, performance pay is positively associated with applicant screening. By contrast, in establishments without increased multitasking, performance pay is negatively associated with applicant screening.We do not find a similar pattern of results for group-based performance pay or profit-sharing. Our findings fit the hypothesis that individual-based performance pay induces a positive self-sorting of employees if jobs are less multifaceted. In this case, employers with a high intensity of performance pay do not need intensive applicant screening to ensure a high quality of matches between workers and jobs. However, if jobs are more multifaceted, individual-based performance pay can entail problems of adverse self-sorting. In order to mitigate or overcome these problems, employers making intensive use of performance pay also screen applicants more intensively." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
IAB-Stellenerhebung 2/2019: Hohe Personalnachfrage stützt den Arbeitsmarkt (2019)
Kubis, Alexander;Zitatform
Kubis, Alexander (2019): IAB-Stellenerhebung 2/2019: Hohe Personalnachfrage stützt den Arbeitsmarkt. In: IAB-Forum H. 15.08.2019, o. Sz., 2019-07-31.
Abstract
"Im zweiten Quartal 2019 gab es bundesweit rund 1,39 Millionen offene Stellen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Gegenüber dem ersten Quartal 2019 stieg die Zahl der offenen Stellen um rund 9.000, gegenüber dem zweiten Quartal 2018 um 175.000. Das geht aus der IAB-Stellenerhebung hervor, einer regelmäßigen Betriebsbefragung des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB). Gegenüber dem Jahr 2010 ist die Arbeitsmarktanspannung in Ost- und Westdeutschland deutlich angestiegen. Viele Betriebe berichten nach wie vor von Schwierigkeiten bei der Personalsuche." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kubis, Alexander; -
Literaturhinweis
Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit in Zeiten von Fachkräfteengpässen (2019)
Kubis, Alexander; Rebien, Martina;Zitatform
Kubis, Alexander & Martina Rebien (2019): Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit in Zeiten von Fachkräfteengpässen. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 66, H. 1, S. 39-57., 2019-01-30.
Abstract
"Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt befindet sich im 13. Jahr des Aufschwungs. Betriebe berichten vermehrt über Fachkräfteengpässe und die Arbeitsmarktchancen haben sich in vielen Regionen und Berufen gebessert. Der Arbeitsmarkt hat sich jedoch nicht für alle und nicht überall gedreht. Während einige Regionen von einer hohen Arbeitslosigkeit gekennzeichnet sind, fehlen in anderen bereits Fachkräfte. Eine zu geringe Mobilität macht einen Ausgleich bisher unwahrscheinlich. Menschen mit passender Qualifikation finden leicht einen Job, fehlt diese, ist der Wettbewerb um freie Stellen jedoch sehr hoch. Das schmälert vor allem die Chancen Langzeitarbeitsloser. Zwar sind Betriebe zunehmend bereit ihnen eine Chance zu geben, jedoch zeigt sich, dass neben einem teils obsoleten Fachwissen die erwarteten soft skills eine Hürde für den Erfolg darstellen. Maßnahmen, die an diesen Punkten ansetzten, könnten nicht nur den qualifikatorischen Mismatch verringern, sondern auch die regionale Mobilität fördern." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kubis, Alexander; -
Literaturhinweis
The role of spatial and skill mismatches: explaining long-term unemployment in Paris (2019)
Zitatform
L'Horty, Yannick & Florent Sari (2019): The role of spatial and skill mismatches. Explaining long-term unemployment in Paris. In: Regional Studies. Journal of the Regional Studies Association, Jg. 53, H. 2, S. 283-296. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2018.1462480
Abstract
"In the Paris region, one can observe simultaneously the coexistence of a large and dynamic job pool with long-lasting periods of unemployment. This paradox reveals the importance of skill and spatial mismatch mechanisms, which are often used to explain disparities in local labour market outcomes. This paper uses several spatial models to measure the effects of these two mechanisms on unemployment durations in the Paris region. The results show that both problems affect municipalities close to the centre of Paris, while unemployment situations in municipalities on the fringes of the region are mainly affected by a lack of local employment dynamism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Financial constraints in search equilibrium: Mortensen Pissarides meet Holmstrom and Tirole (2018)
Zitatform
Boeri, Tito, Pietro Garibaldi & Espen R. Moen (2018): Financial constraints in search equilibrium. Mortensen Pissarides meet Holmstrom and Tirole. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 144-155. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.06.003
Abstract
"A key lesson from the Great Recession is that firms' leverage and access to finance are important for hiring and firing decisions. It is now empirically established that bank lending is correlated with employment losses when credit conditions deteriorate. We provide further evidence of this and make causal inferences on the effect of leverage on job losses drawing on a new firm-level dataset that we assembled on employment and financial positions of European firms. Yet, in the Diamond Mortensen Pissarides (DMP) model there is no role for finance. All projects that display positive net present values are realized and financial markets are assumed to be perfect. What if financial markets are not perfect? Does a different access to finance influence the firm's hiring and firing decisions? The paper uses the concept of limited pledgeability proposed by Holmstrom and Tirole to integrate financial imperfections and labor market imperfections. A negative shock wipes out the firm's physical capital and leads to job destruction unless internal cash was accumulated by firms. If firms hold liquid assets they may thus protect their search capital, defined as the cost of attracting and hiring workers. The paper explores the trade-off between size and precautionary cash holdings in both partial and general equilibrium. We find that if labor market frictions disappear, so does the motive for firms to hold liquidity. This suggests a fundamental complementarity between labor market frictions and holding of liquid assets by firms." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies (2018)
Zitatform
Brzustowski, Thomas, Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau & Etienne Wasmer (2018): Disentangling goods, labor, and credit market frictions in three European economies. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 180-196. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.006
Abstract
"We build a flexible model with search frictions in three markets: credit, labor, and goods markets. We then apply this model (called CLG) to three different economies: a flexible, finance-driven economy (the UK), an economy with wage moderation (Germany), and an economy with structural rigidities (Spain). In these three countries, goods and credit market frictions play a dominant role in entry costs and account for 75% to 85% of the total entry costs. In the goods market, adverse supply shocks are amplified through their propagation to the demand side, as they also imply income losses for consumers. This adds up to, at most, an additional 15% to 25% to the impact of the shocks. Finally, the speed of matching in the goods market and the credit market accounts for a small fraction of unemployment: most variation in unemployment comes from the speed of matching in the labor market." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility (2018)
Zitatform
Carlsson, Mikael & Andreas Westermark (2018): Endogenous separations, wage rigidities and unemployment volatility. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,05), Uppsala, 33 S.
Abstract
"We show that in microdata, as well as in a search and matching model with flexible wages for new hires, wage rigidities of incumbent workers have substantial effects on separations and unemployment volatility. Allowing for an empirically relevant degree of wage rigidities for incumbent workers drives unemployment volatility, as well as the volatility of vacancies and tightness to that in the data. Thus, the degree of wage rigidity for newly hired workers is not a sufficient statistic for determining the effect of wage rigidities on macroeconomic outcomes. This finding affects the interpretation of a large empirical literature on wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and vacancy dynamics with imperfect financial markets (2018)
Zitatform
Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos, Michael Graber & Klaus Wälde (2018): Unemployment and vacancy dynamics with imperfect financial markets. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 128-143. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.04.005
Abstract
"This paper proposes a simple general equilibrium model with labour market frictions and an imperfect financial market. The aim of the paper is to analyse the transitional dynamics of unemployment and vacancies when financial constraints are in place. We model the financial sector as a monopolistically competitive banking sector that intermediates financial capital between firms. This structure implies a per period financial resource constraint which has a closed form solution and describes the transition path of unemployment and vacancies to their steady state values. We show that the transition path crucially depends on the degree of wage flexibility. When wages do not depend on the unemployment rate the transition path is always downward sloping. This implies unemployment and vacancies adjust in opposite directions as observed in the data. When calibrating the model to the Great Recession and its aftermath we find that the lack of an improvement in the financial sector's effectiveness to intermediate resources played a crucial role in the slow recovery of the labour market." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen u.d.T.: IZA discussion paper , 9525 -
Literaturhinweis
Alternating offers with asymmetric information and the unemployment volatility puzzle (2018)
Zitatform
Clerc, Pierrick (2018): Alternating offers with asymmetric information and the unemployment volatility puzzle. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 87-91. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.08.001
Abstract
"To provide micro-founded real wage rigidities, the literature on the unemployment volatility puzzle has considered alternating offers on one side, and asymmetric information on the other. Separately, however, these two frameworks deliver a limited amount of wage stickiness and thus require questionable calibrations to raise unemployment fluctuations. In this paper, we argue that the alternating offers model with one-sided asymmetric information, which combines the two frameworks, gives a more satisfactory answer to the puzzle. The results are improved along two dimensions. First, we show that this model is capable to generate large unemployment movements for a realistic calibration. Secondly, the model produces a right degree of real wage pro-cyclicality for such a calibration and therefore delivers a micro-founded explanation to real wage rigidities." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Discrimination as favoritism: the private benefits and social costs of in-group favoritism in an experimental labor market (2018)
Zitatform
Dickinson, David L., David Masclet & Emmanuel Peterle (2018): Discrimination as favoritism. The private benefits and social costs of in-group favoritism in an experimental labor market. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 104, H. May, S. 220-236. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.03.004
Abstract
"We examine both the private benefits and spillover costs of labor market favoritism in a unique laboratory experiment design. Our data show that both employment preference and wage offers favor in-group members. Workers positively reciprocate towards in-group employers by choosing higher effort in a gift-exchange game. Thus, favoritism can be privately rational for employers. However, unemployed subjects are allowed to burn resources (at a cost to themselves), and we document significantly increased resource destruction when unemployment can be attributed to favoritism towards others. This highlights a significant spillover and often ignored cost of favoritism, and it points to one possible micro-foundation of some antisocial behavior." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10599 -
Literaturhinweis
Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage (2018)
Zitatform
Faberman, R. Jason & Guido Menzio (2018): Evidence on the relationship between recruiting and the starting wage. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 67-79. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.01.003
Abstract
"Using data from the Employment Opportunity Pilot Project, we examine the relationship between the starting wage paid to the worker filling a vacancy, the number of applications attracted by the vacancy, the number of candidates interviewed for the vacancy, and the duration of the vacancy. We find that the wage is positively related to the duration of a vacancy and negatively related to the number of applications and interviews per week. We show that these surprising findings are consistent with a view of the labor market in which firms post wages and workers direct their search based on these wages if workers and jobs are heterogeneous and the interaction between the worker's type and the job's type in production satisfies some rather natural assumptions." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))