Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Household chores, taxes, and the labor-supply elasticities of women and men (2025)
Zitatform
Bahn, Dorothée, Christian Bredemeier & Falko Juessen (2025): Household chores, taxes, and the labor-supply elasticities of women and men. (Ruhr economic papers 1177), Essen, 46 S. DOI:10.4419/96973362
Abstract
"We study how the division of household chores and individual preferences contribute to gender differences in labor supply elasticities and examine the implications for optimal taxation. In a model of labor supply in dual-earner households, we show that elasticities and optimal income tax rates depend jointly on gender and the within-household allocation of chores. Using PSID data, we find that chore division substantially affects labor supply elasticities, whereas gender per se plays a smaller role. We then evaluate how well simple, feasible tax rules can approximate the optimal within-household tax structure. Gender-based taxation captures a sizable share of the potential efficiency gains, but gender-neutral rules with realistic levels of progressivity perform better." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond Human Capital: Mobility intentions, IT skills, and the Early Gender Wage Gap (2025)
Zitatform
Barigozzi, Francesca, Natalia Montinari, Giovanni Righetto & Alessandro Tampieri (2025): Beyond Human Capital: Mobility intentions, IT skills, and the Early Gender Wage Gap. (Quaderni - working paper DSE / Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics 1212), Bologna, 34 S.
Abstract
"In most countries, women systematically outperform men in academic achievement across fields of study. Yet within a year of graduation, they earn less, face lower employment rates, and are more likely to work part-time. If human capital were the sole determinant of pay, this pattern would be difficult to reconcile. We address this puzzle by extending the statistical discrimination framework 'a la Phelps (1972) to include not only human capital but also additional components of productivity, such as IT skills and mobility intentions -the willingness to travel or relocate for work -which might capture candidates' technological proficiency and adaptability. Using rich microdata from the AlmaLaurea survey of master's graduates from the University of Bologna (2015–2022), we show that while human capital alone predicts no gender wage gap in favor of men, combining it with mobility intentions reproduces the early wage disadvantage observed for women in Economics and Engineering. We further show that IT skills -an observable CV trait constructed from multiple IT-skill items- reduce the residual gender wage gap, especially in Engineering. Our findings highlight the importance of complementing human capital with field-specific preference and skill traits to explain-and potentially address-early gender wage gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market effects of pregnancy accommodation laws (2025)
Battaglia, Emily; Brown, Jessica H.;Zitatform
Battaglia, Emily & Jessica H. Brown (2025): The labor market effects of pregnancy accommodation laws. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 38, H. 4. DOI:10.1007/s00148-025-01141-z
Abstract
"Pregnancy accommodation laws require “reasonable accommodations” for pregnant workers, i.e., sitting down, lifting restrictions, and additional bathroom breaks. Although these laws may make it easier for women to remain employed during pregnancy, as a mandated benefit, they may also discourage employers from hiring employees who may become pregnant. We estimate the effect of pregnancy accommodation laws on labor market outcomes for women of childbearing age in order to determine whether these laws lead employers to discriminate against young women in hiring. Using a difference-in-differences design comparing women’s labor market outcomes across states throughout the staggered roll-out of thirteen state pregnancy accommodation laws from 2013 to 2016, we find no impact on female employment and wages. These null results are robust to a triple differences design that uses men’s labor market outcomes as an additional control. Subgroupanalyses of groups most likely to be affected, including those with less education, in more physically intense occupations, and married without children, also show no consistent impact of the new laws. These results suggest that this group-specific mandated benefit did not lead to discrimination in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do Words Matter? The Impact of Communal and Agentic Language on Women’s Application to Job Opportunities (2025)
Zitatform
Batz-Barbarich, Cassondra, Nicole Strah & Farhan Masud Ahmed (2025): Do Words Matter? The Impact of Communal and Agentic Language on Women’s Application to Job Opportunities. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 135-147. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000364
Abstract
": Communal and agentic goal affordances predict women’s perceived fit in and pursuit of work environments. However, an organization’s ability to influence women’s perceptions and pursuit of roles via language signals in job advertisements is unclear. This field study examines the impact of communal (vs. agentic) language in job advertisements ( N = 330 ads; 242 organizations) on attitudes and behaviors of actual job seekers. Results indicate that some agentic and communal cues influence behavior such that the former leads to a smaller proportion of female applicants, whereas the latter leads to a greater proportion. However, results became nonsignificant after controlling for industry gender representation. Our results explore the utility of experimentally explored interventions to determine their influence on real applicants’ behaviors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Withheld from Working More? Withholding Taxes and the Labor Supply of Married Women (2025)
Bayer, Tim; Wegmann, Jakob; Simon, Lenard;Zitatform
Bayer, Tim, Lenard Simon & Jakob Wegmann (2025): Withheld from Working More? Withholding Taxes and the Labor Supply of Married Women. (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 631), Bonn, 83 S.
Abstract
"To collect income taxes, almost all countries require employers to withhold monthly tax prepayments which are then fully credited against the income tax liabilities of their employees. Despite being a fundamental component of income taxation systems worldwide, the impact of these withholding taxes on labor supply is poorly understood. We investigate their importance in the context of married couples in Germany where the withholding tax liability can be redistributed between spouses. We exploit a reform that reduced the withholding tax for some married women more than for others, while inducing no differences in income taxes. Using administrative data for the full population of German taxpayers, we estimate an elasticity of labor income with respect to the withholding tax eight years after the reform of 0.14. Additional evidence from a self-conducted survey suggests imperfect understanding of the tax system and limited pooling of resources within the household as the main mechanisms. As the majority of couples shift parts of the withholding tax liability from the husband to the wife, our results suggest that the increased withholding tax liability of married women contributes to their low labor supply. This highlights the need for governments to be aware of the distortion of labor supply incentives when the design of withholding taxes does not match actual income tax incentives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered Labor Markets and Occupational Change in the Nordics (2025)
Berglund, Tomas ; Ólafsdóttir, Katrín ; Svalund, Jørgen ; Alasoini, Tuomo ; Rasmussen, Stine ; Varje, Pekka ; Steen, Johan Røed ;Zitatform
Berglund, Tomas, Jørgen Svalund, Tuomo Alasoini, Katrín Ólafsdóttir, Stine Rasmussen, Johan Røed Steen & Pekka Varje (2025): Gendered Labor Markets and Occupational Change in the Nordics. In: Nordic journal of working life studies, S. 1-23. DOI:10.18291/njwls.160118
Abstract
"Recent research on changes in the occupational structure in the Nordic region points in different directions. Some studies indicate upgrading of jobs with better quality, advanced skill requirements, and higher wages, while others show tendencies toward polarization in the skill distribution of jobs. The present article finds gendered patterns of upgrading or polarization in the occupational structure in the Nordic countries in the years 2012–2019. The changes in the occupational structure have been more beneficial for women, who increasingly occupy higher-level positions. Especially, the public sector has served as a vehicle for high-level female positions. While previous research has stressed technological change, especially digitalization as the primary driver of change, this article argues that developments in the public sector also need to be considered to fully understand occupational change in the Nordic region." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dependent on one's past? how lifetime employment shapes later life work-care reconciliation (2025)
Zitatform
Bertogg, Ariane & Jason Settels (2025): Dependent on one's past? how lifetime employment shapes later life work-care reconciliation. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 479-498. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2229002
Abstract
"This article investigates the association between older Europeans’ earlier employment biographies and their probability of leaving the labour market when becoming a caregiver. Based on theoretical ideas about life course path-dependencies and gender role socialisation, we argue that accumulated durations of lifetime employment are associated with both labour market exits in general, and conditional on caregiving. We draw on six panel waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and use information from retrospective interviews (SHARELIFE) to measure earlier participation in six different types of (non-)employment between ages 20 and 50. We analyse a large sample of men and women aged 50–68 years in 18 European countries (n = 35,766 respondents).Based on fixed effects regression models, we find that employment biographies and current caregiving jointly affect labour market exits. Explanations for these linkages are gender-specific: Upon initiation of caregiving, men are more likely to extend working lives when their previous employment biographies are characterised by homemaking, pointing at neutralising deviance from non-standard male biographies. For women, we find evidence for path-dependencies: Concomitant to beginning caregiving, women are more likely to stay in the labour market the longer their previous employment was characterised by homemaking." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress? (2025)
Zitatform
Blau, Francine D. (2025): Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress? In: ILR review, Jg. 78, H. 2, S. 275-303. DOI:10.1177/00197939241308844
Abstract
"This article examines the trends in women ’s economic outcomes in the United States, focusing primarily on labor force participation, occupational attainment, and the gender wage gap. Considerable progress was made on all dimensions prior to the 1990s followed by a slowing or stalling of gains thereafter, with a plateauing of female labor force participation trends and a slowing of women’s occupational and wage convergence with men. The author considers the likelihood that progress in narrowing gender gaps will resume in these areas, and concludes it is unlikely without policy intervention. She then considers new policy initiatives to address work–family issues and labor market discrimination that may help to increase female labor force participation and narrow gender inequities in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family-Friendly Policies and Fertility: What Firms Have to Do With It? (2025)
Zitatform
Bover, Olympia, Nezih Guner, Yuliya Kulikova, Alessandro Ruggieri & Carlos Sanz (2025): Family-Friendly Policies and Fertility: What Firms Have to Do With It? (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20411), London, 67 S.
Abstract
"Family-friendly policies aim to help women balance work and family life, encouraging them to participate in the labor market. How effective are such policies in increasing fertility? We answer this question using a search model of the labor market where firms make hiring, promotion, and firing decisions, taking into account how these decisions affect workers' fertility incentives and labor force participation decisions. We estimate the model using administrative data from Spain, a country with very low fertility and a highly regulated labor market. We use the model to study family-friendly policies and demonstrate that firms' reactions result in a trade-off: policies that increase fertility reduce women's participation in the labor market and lower their lifetime earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Effect of Separation on Poverty and Employment (2025)
Zitatform
Broadway, Barbara & Guyonne Kalb (2025): The Effect of Separation on Poverty and Employment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18343), Bonn, 75 S.
Abstract
"Using 2001–2021 HILDA survey data, this paper estimates how separation or divorce affects poverty and employment trajectories over five years after the event. A difference-in-differences approach compares separated individuals with couples who stayed together, accounting for recent and long-term labour market history prior to separation. Women with preschool children face a 19.9 percentage point higher poverty risk in the first year, which fades within three years. Women with older or no children experience smaller but longer-lasting poverty increases. Pre-separation employment strongly moderates effects: non-employed women face much higher poverty risks than employed women who have similar poverty risks to men. Men's poverty impacts are smaller and shorter-lived. Separation barely changes women's employment but slightly reduces men's employment, especially those with preschool children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unterstützung substanzieller Erwerbstätigkeit und partnerschaftlicher Aufgabenteilung durch pauschale finanzielle Anreize: Einzelfallbeispiele und Simulationsrechnungen (2025)
Calahorrano, Lena; Molitor, Pia; Rebaudo, Mara;Zitatform
Calahorrano, Lena, Pia Molitor & Mara Rebaudo (2025): Unterstützung substanzieller Erwerbstätigkeit und partnerschaftlicher Aufgabenteilung durch pauschale finanzielle Anreize. Einzelfallbeispiele und Simulationsrechnungen. 27 S.
Abstract
"Im vorliegenden Bericht wurde das Angebot individueller Pauschalen, mit der die wirtschaftliche Eigenständigkeit und gleichberechtigte Verteilung von Pflege- und Betreuungsaufgaben von Frauen und Männern unterstützt, untersucht. Diese individuellen Pauschalen kämen auch allein stehenden Personen zugute, die eine vollzeitnahe Erwerbstätigkeit mit Pflege- oder Betreuungs verantwortung vereinbaren. Konkret wird unterstellt, dass sowohl Eltern von Kindern von zwei bis zwölf Jahren als auch informell Pflegende für ein Jahr jeweils 300 Euro monatlich beziehen kön nen, wenn sowohl sie selbst als auch ihr Partner oder ihre Partnerin (falls vorhanden) im vollzeit nahen Korridor zwischen 32 und 36 Wochenstunden erwerbstätig sind. Die individuellen Pauscha len wären steuerfrei, unterlägen jedoch dem Progressionsvorbehalt bei der Einkommensteuer. Anhand von Fallbeispielen haben wir gezeigt, dass sich Alleinstehende und Paare finanziell bes serstellen würden, wenn sie sich aufgrund des neuen Angebots in Lebensphasen mit mehr Care Verantwortung für eine vollzeitnahe Erwerbstätigkeit entscheiden würden – im Vergleich zu einer Situation, in der keine oder eine Teilzeiterwerbstätigkeit geleistet wird. Die pauschale finanzielle Unterstützung in Höhe von 300 Euro monatlich je Person schafft dafür einen zusätzlichen finan ziellen Anreiz. Auf Grundlage von Daten des SOEP haben wir simuliert, welcher Anteil der potenziell Berechtigten die Arbeitszeit so anpassen würde, dass die jeweiligen Paare für die Inanspruchnahme des Ange bots berechtigt wären. Insgesamt würde sich das Arbeitsvolumen in Deutschland durch die Ein führung solcher Pauschalen erhöhen. Mittelfristig wäre eine steigende Inanspruchnahme zu er warten, wenn sich Präferenzen und Normen hin zu einer vollzeitnahen Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen und zu einer gemeinsamen Aufteilung von Care-Arbeit ändern. Die Ausgestaltung das Angebots als individuelle Pauschale könnte dazu beitragen, besonders Menschen mit geringeren Einkommen zu erreichen. Bei gegebenen individuellen Präferenzen, Arbeitsmarktrestriktionen sowie Restriktionen aufgrund von fehlender Kinderbetreuungs- und Pflegeinfrastruktur würden etwa 2,3 Prozent der potenziell berechtigten Paare und 20 Prozent der potenziell berechtigten alleinstehenden Frauen in den voll zeitnahen Arbeitsstundenkorridor fallen, in dem sie für den Bezug einer individuellen Pauschale berechtigt wären. Dies entspricht netto rund 3.600 zusätzlichen Vollzeitäquivalenten bei Paaren und 9.100 zusätzlichen Vollzeitäquivalenten bei Alleinstehenden bzw. Alleinerziehenden. Wir schätzen die jährlichen Nettokosten, unter Berücksichtigung von Mehreinnahmen bei der Einkommensteuer und der Sozialversicherung aufgrund der durchschnittlich erhöhten Arbeitszeit, auf rund 260 Millionen Euro jährlich." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Wiedereinstiegsrechner: Methodenbericht (2025)
Calahorrano, Lena; Rachidi, Tobias; Krolpfeifer, Dara;Zitatform
Calahorrano, Lena & Tobias Rachidi (2025): Wiedereinstiegsrechner. Methodenbericht. 24 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Bericht fasst die vom Fraunhofer FIT verwendete Methodik zur Schätzung/Prognose von Bruttolöhnen in Abhängigkeit von Informationen zur Erwerbshistorie (Berufsabschluss, Berufserfahrung etc.) sowie zur gewünschten Arbeitsstelle (Beruf, Branche etc.) für den Wiedereinstiegsrechner zusammen. Die Datengrundlage für die Schätzungen bildet die „Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975 – 2021“ des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB). Dieser Datensatz ist eine 2-%-Stichprobe aus der Grundgesamtheit der „Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB)“ des IAB, welche unter anderem Informationen zu allen Personen enthält, die zu irgendeinem Zeitpunkt - sozialversicherungspflichtig in Deutschland beschäftigt (erfasst ab 1975), - geringfügig in Deutschland beschäftigt (erfasst ab 1999) oder - bei der Bundesagentur für Arbeit bzw. den Grundsicherungstragenden als arbeitslos gemeldet (erfasst ab 1997) waren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB-R7521.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Beliefs and Realities of Work and Care After Childbirth (2025)
Zitatform
Caplin, Andrew, Søren Leth-Petersen & Christopher Tonetti (2025): Beliefs and Realities of Work and Care After Childbirth. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20423), London, 32 S.
Abstract
"Models of female labor supply routinely assume that women have accurate expectations about post-birth employment, but little is known about whether this assumption holds. We use a 2019 state-contingent survey of 11,000 Danish women linked to administrative data to compare pre-birth beliefs to realized outcomes. Mothers accurately anticipate long-run return to work but systematically overestimate how soon it will occur. Miscalibration stems from two belief errors—about partner leave and own labor supply—which interact and persist even among second-time mothers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper 34289 -
Literaturhinweis
The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents’ Employment and Earnings in Canada (2025)
Zitatform
Choi, Youjin, Rachel Margolis & Anders Holm (2025): The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents’ Employment and Earnings in Canada. In: Demography, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 879-898. DOI:10.1215/00703370-11958785
Abstract
"Paid parental benefits, with individually earmarked time for mothers and fathers, aim to promote gender equality in labor force participation, wages, and childcare. The Canadian province of Québec expanded parental benefits over and above the federal policy in 2006 with the Québec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP), which introduced paid paternity leave and lower eligibility criteria as its key features. This policy aimed to increase gender equality by encouraging fathers to use parental benefits and expanding coverage to low-income parents. Using Canadian administrative data and exploiting the policy changes in 2006 as a natural experiment, we examine the effects of Québec's extended parental benefits policy on parents’ employment and earnings over 10 years after the transition to parenthood. First, we find that fathers’ use of parental benefits had positive long-run effects on mothers’ and fathers’ earnings 8–10 years after a first birth. Second, we find that among women with low earnings before the transition to parenthood, QPIP increased the likelihood of employment 1–7 years after a first birth. This article provides the first evidence that a policy dramatically expanding parental benefits and encouraging use among both parents can have long-term positive effects on parents’ labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Daycare Accessibility and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes: Do Quality Ratings Matter? (2025)
Zitatform
Cobb-Clark, Deborah A., Tung Dang & Hayley Fisher (2025): Daycare Accessibility and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes: Do Quality Ratings Matter? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18300), Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"Using administrative data on Australian daycare centers and a triple-difference design, we examine the impact of daycare availability and quality ratings on childcare utilization and mothers' labor market outcomes. We document a substantial positive impact of daycare availability and higher quality ratings on formal care usage and mothers' employment and earnings. The effect of quality ratings is particularly pronounced among high-income, more-educated, and first-time mothers, whose perceptions of local daycare quality are most responsive to changes in ratings. Our findings underscore the important roles of childcare quality, in addition to accessibility, in shaping families' childcare choices and mothers' employment decisions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Subsidized small jobs and maternal labor market outcomes in the long run (2025)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2025): Subsidized small jobs and maternal labor market outcomes in the long run. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 1193-1223., 2025-01-21. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf012
Abstract
"This article investigates whether incentives generated by public policies contribute to motherhood penalties. Specifically, we study the consequences of subsidized small jobs, the German Minijobs, which are frequently taken up by first-time mothers upon labor market return. Using a combination of propensity score matching and an event study applied to administrative data, we compare the long-run child penalties of mothers who started out in a Minijob employment versus unsubsidized employment or non-employment after birth. We find persistent differences between the Minijobbers and otherwise employed mothers up to 10 years after the first birth, which suggests adverse unintended consequences of the small jobs subsidy program for maternal earnings and pensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zugang, Auslastung und Öffnungszeiten von Kitas: Führt bessere Betreuung zu mehr Beschäftigung von Frauen? (2025)
Zitatform
Cook, Freya, Eckhard Janeba & Davud Rostam-Afschar (2025): Zugang, Auslastung und Öffnungszeiten von Kitas: Führt bessere Betreuung zu mehr Beschäftigung von Frauen? In: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 425-440. DOI:10.1515/pwp-2025-0011
Abstract
"Fehlende Kinderbetreuung gilt als Ursache für Unterschiede in der Beschäftigung von Männern und Frauen. In diesem Beitrag verwenden Freya Cook, Eckhard Janeba* und Davud Rostam-Afschar Daten aus dem Infrastrukturatlas sowie Raum- und Stadtentwicklungsindikatoren, um zu untersuchen, welche Rolle Erreichbarkeit, Auslastung und Öffnungszeiten von Kindertagesstätten (Kitas) in Deutschland für die Beschäftigung spielen. Die Daten umfassen Fahrzeiten von 22,5 Millionen Wohnadressen zu verschiedenen Einrichtungen öffentlicher Infrastruktur, darunter 55.000 Kitas. Es zeigt sich, dass sich in Regionen mit vergleichsweise besserer Erreichbarkeit, geringerer Auslastung und längeren Kita-Öffnungszeiten die Beschäftigung von Frauen und Männern weniger stark unterscheidet als in anderen. Die Ergebnisse sind zwar nicht kausal zu interpretieren, doch die Öffnungszeiten nehmen eine besonders relevante Rolle ein, die auch nach Berücksichtigung regionaler Charakteristika bestehen bleibt. Eine Überschlagsrechnung legt nahe, dass eine Verbesserung der Kita-Infrastruktur die Beschäftigungslücke deutlich verringern und bis zu 950.000 zusätzliche Frauen in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung bringen könnte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Unpacking the Link between Service Sector and Female Employment: Cross-Country Evidence (2025)
Coskun Dalgic, Sena; Sengul, Gonul;Zitatform
Coskun Dalgic, Sena & Gonul Sengul (2025): Unpacking the Link between Service Sector and Female Employment: Cross-Country Evidence. (IAB-Discussion Paper 08/2025), Nürnberg, 25 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2508
Abstract
"Der starke Anstieg der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen war in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein bestimmendes Merkmal der hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften. Dieses Papier untersucht die länderübergreifenden Unterschiede im Zusammenhang zwischen der Expansion des Dienstleistungssektors und der Beschäftigung von Frauen in Europa und den USA. Wir schätzen die Elastizität der Frauenbeschäftigung im Verhältnis zur Beschäftigung im Dienstleistungssektor und decken erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern hinsichtlich der Stärke auf, mit der der weibliche Anteil an den Arbeitsstunden auf die Expansion des Dienstleistungssektors reagiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass diese Elastizität in Ländern mit einem stärkeren Strukturwandel und einer höheren weiblichen Beschäftigungsintensität im Unternehmensdienstleistungssektor höher ist. Darüber hinaus ist eine höhere weibliche Beschäftigungsintensität im Unternehmensdienstleistungssektor mit einem größeren Lebensmittel- und Beherbergungssektor verbunden. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Länder mit einer stärkeren Umverteilung von der Industrie zum Dienstleistungssektor einen stärkeren Anstieg der weiblichen Beschäftigung erlebten, da ihr expandierender Unternehmensdienstleistungssektor zusätzliches Wachstum im Lebensmittel- und Beherbergungssektor erzeugte und Frauen dadurch stärker in die Erwerbsarbeit zog." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Coskun Dalgic, Sena; -
Literaturhinweis
A new model of parental time investments: A paradigm shift for addressing gender inequality in the labor market (2025)
Zitatform
Cuevas-Ruiz, Pilar, José Ignacio Giménez-Nadal, Sveva Manfredi & Almudena Sevilla (2025): A new model of parental time investments: A paradigm shift for addressing gender inequality in the labor market. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 2126), London, 38 S.
Abstract
"This paper introduces a new framework for understanding the persistence of the motherhood penalty by emphasizing the role of on-call care. Using a pseudo-panel event study based on the 2003-2022 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), we quantify how different types of parental care time contribute to post-childbirth labor market outcomes. Our results show that gender gaps in on-call care, not primary childcare, drive the long-term reduction in mothers' Paid work. In the first two years after birth, declines in paid work are largely explained by primary interactive childcare. Over time, however, on-call care becomes the dominant factor. This shift is not accounted for in existing labor market models, nor in standard policies such as parental leave and childcare subsidies. We argue that the persistent economic costs of gender inequality can be better understood and addressed by integrating the temporal and unpredictable nature of caregiving into economic theory and policy design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Transmission of Gender (In-)Equality Through Commercial Links (2025)
Dane, Cemre; Heckl, Pia;Zitatform
Dane, Cemre & Pia Heckl (2025): The Transmission of Gender (In-)Equality Through Commercial Links. In: EconPol Forum, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 58-61.
Abstract
"Global firms employ significantly more women than non-global firms. Commercial ties serve as channels for transmitting social norms from partner countries, influencing workforce composition in global firms. Exposure to gender-equal norms increases the share of female workers across job types – but not in top management positions, where the effect vanishes. In gender-unequal commercial environments, global firms are significantly less likely to have female top managers, suggesting a “race to the bottom” in leadership. To ensure inclusive benefits of globalization, policy interventions should focus on advancing women into senior roles, where equality gains currently fall short." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug