Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Employment transitions after motherhood in Spain (2005)
Gutierrez-Domenech, Maria;Zitatform
Gutierrez-Domenech, Maria (2005): Employment transitions after motherhood in Spain. In: Labour, Jg. 19, H. s1, S. 123-148. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.2005.00313.x
Abstract
"This paper investigates transitions from employment to non-employment and downward occupational mobility after motherhood in Spain. Around 40 per cent of Spanish women who were at work 1 year before childbearing leave employment, most permanently, and one-third of these exits move to unemployment. The probability of staying on at work after birth is reduced with the rise of fixed-term contracts and increased with experience and level of education. Downward occupational mobility is not common amongst women remaining employed since they do not switch to part-time jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New mothers' employment and public policy in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan (2005)
Kenjoh, Eiko;Zitatform
Kenjoh, Eiko (2005): New mothers' employment and public policy in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan. In: Labour, Jg. 19, H. s1, S. 5-49. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.2005.00322.x
Abstract
"This paper investigates the link between family-friendly policies and women's employment after birth of the first child in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan in the 1980s and the 1990s. Our econometric analyses use household panel data from each of the five countries: BHPS, GSOEP, OSA, HUS, and JPSC, respectively. Public policies that facilitate the combination of motherhood and paid employment offer an effective means in increasing the participation rate of first-time mothers. The results also indicate that the availability and stimulation of good-quality part-time employment can provide additional, strong incentives for new mothers to enter active employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The socio-cultural dimension of women's labour force participation choices in Switzerland (2005)
Losa, Fabio B.; Origoni, Pau;Zitatform
Losa, Fabio B. & Pau Origoni (2005): The socio-cultural dimension of women's labour force participation choices in Switzerland. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 144, H. 4, S. 473-494.
Abstract
"Is the trade-off that women make between work and family socio-culturally conditioned? To answer this question, the authors investigate the choices that women make as to whether they participate in the labour force and, if so, whether they do so on a full-time or part-time basis. Their case study focuses on the female population of Switzerland - a country divided into three distinct language regions (German, French, Italian) bridging southern and northern Europe, whose patterns of female labour force participation are known to differ. Based on an innovative application of classification trees, the authors' research is also of significant methodological interest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment dynamics of married women in Europe (2005)
Zitatform
Michaud, Pierre-Carl & Konstantinos Tatsiramos (2005): Employment dynamics of married women in Europe. (IZA discussion paper 1706), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"We use eight waves from the European Community Household Panel (1994-2001) to analyze the intertemporal labor supply behavior of married women in six European countries (Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Germany and United Kingdom) using dynamic binary choice models with different initial condition solutions and non parametric distributions of unobserved heterogeneity. Results are used to relate cross-country differences in the employment rate to the estimated dynamic regimes. We find that cross-country differences in the employment rate and the persistence of employment transitions of married women are mostly due to composition effects related to education and unobserved characteristics rather than state-dependence effects or the dynamic effect of fertility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reconciliation of work and private life: a comparative review of thirty European countries (2005)
Zitatform
Plantenga, Janneke & Chantal Remery (2005): Reconciliation of work and private life. A comparative review of thirty European countries. Brüssel, 96 S.
Abstract
Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen politischen Ansätze zur Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Familie in 30 europäischen Ländern. Er informiert über die aktuelle Politik bezüglich Kinderbetreuung, Urlaubsregelungen, flexible Arbeitsarrangements und andere auf die Vereinbarkeit abzielende Ansätze, wie etwa die finanzielle Unterstützung berufstätiger Eltern. Nationale, öffentliche Strategien werden ebenso betrachtet wie Regelungen auf Branchen- oder Firmenebene. Neben den 25 EU-Mitgliedstaaten werden drei EWR-Länder (Island, Norwegen und Liechtenstein) sowie zwei Beitrittskandidaten (Bulgarien und Rumänien) in den internationalen Vergleich einbezogen. Es zeigt sich, dass es innerhalb Europas erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen Art und Umfang der politischen Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie gibt. Jedes Land hat seine eigene, einzigartige Kombination aus Kinderbetreuung, Urlaubsregelungen, flexiblen Arbeitszeiten und finanzieller Förderung. Insbesondere bei der Kinderbetreuung für die jüngsten Kinder scheint es Engpässe zu geben, wobei dieser Bedarf jedoch hier und da durch Elternurlaub bzw. informelle Arrangements gedeckt wird. Elternurlaub wirkt sich jedoch nicht immer zugunsten der Geschlechtergleichstellung aus. Zur Förderung der gleichmäßigeren Inanspruchnahme der Urlaubsansprüche oder anderer flexible Arbeitszeitregelungen spielt die Gestaltung dieser Regelungen eine zenrale Rolle. Diesbezüglich wird es als wichtig betrachtet, eine Segmentierung der Arbeitsmärkte zu vermeiden, indem auch bei Teilzeitarbeitsverhältnissen oder flexibler Beschäftigung für volle soziale Absicherung, Training und Beförderung gesorgt wird. Es wird für ein stärkeres Engagement der Arbeitgeber in Sachen Geschlechtergleichstellung plädiert. Die optimale Aufteilung der Zuständigkeiten zwischen Staat, Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitgeber ist jedoch schwierig, da die tatsächlichen Kosten der zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie getroffenen Maßnahmen unter Umständen - durch Lohnkürzungen und/oder geringere Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten - auf die Arbeitnehmer abgewälzt werden können. Wahrscheinlich werden die negativen Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitnehmer minimal gehalten, wenn die Arbeitgeber nur eine geringe Rolle spielen und die meisten Kosten kollektiv getragen werden. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender segregation and the wage gap in Portugal: an analysis at the establishment level (2005)
Zitatform
Vieira, Jose A. Cabral, Ana Rute Cardoso & Miguel Portela (2005): Gender segregation and the wage gap in Portugal. An analysis at the establishment level. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 3, H. 2, S. 145-168. DOI:10.1007/s10888-005-4495-8
Abstract
"Using a large linked employer-employee data set, this paper aims at quantifying the trend in worker segregation at the establishment level and its impact on wages in Portugal over a fifteen year period. We concentrate on the gender dimension, to answer the questions: What is the level of gender segregation across establishments in the Portuguese labor market and how has it evolved over time? What is the impact of segregation on wages? Is that impact different for men and women? Systematic and random components of segregation are computed. We use standard wage decomposition techniques to evaluate the impact of the composition of the labor force at the establishment level on wages. The results reveal a high degree of systematic gender segregation. A higher proportion of females in the establishment lowers females' wages while, on the contrary, it raises males' wages. The evidence gathered is consistent with the taste-based model of employer behavior and with the theory of sorting of workers across establishments based on their productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New evidence on work among new mothers: what can trade unions do? (2004)
Gustafsson, Siv; Kenjoh, Eiko;Zitatform
Gustafsson, Siv & Eiko Kenjoh (2004): New evidence on work among new mothers. What can trade unions do? In: Transfer, Jg. 10, H. 1, S. 34-47.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag untersucht die Beschäftigungsmuster von Müttern mit einem ersten Kind, ein Jahr vor der Geburt dieses Kindes bis zu seinem fünften Lebensjahr, in Schweden, Deutschland, dem Vereinigten Königreich, den Niederlanden und Japan. Die Angaben über den Arbeitskräftestatus von Müttern stammen aus den Haushaltspanel-Daten der einzelnen Länder. Diese Daten zeigen deutliche Unterschiede bei den Beschäftigungsmustern von 'neuen' Müttern. Die Autoren erörtern die Entwicklungen in der Familienpolitik, die die Unterschiede zwischen den Beschäftigungsmustern bei Frauen in den fünf Ländern erklären könnten. Dabei vergleichen sie insbesondere die Familienpolitik in Schweden mit den entsprechenden Maßnahmen in anderen Ländern, da Schweden seit den 70er Jahren besonders weit reichende Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Doppelverdiener-Familie eingeführt hat. Außerdem wird anhand einiger Beispiele aus den Niederlanden und Schweden erörtert, welchen Beitrag die Gewerkschaften in ihrem jeweiligen Land leisten können, um den Übergang zu einer Gesellschaft zu schaffen, in der sich Frauen und Männer die Versorgung und die Kinderbetreuung wirklich teilen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Lifestyle preferences versus patriarchal values: causal and non-causal attitudes (2003)
Hakim, Catherine;Zitatform
Hakim, Catherine (2003): Lifestyle preferences versus patriarchal values. Causal and non-causal attitudes. In: Changing life patterns in Western industrial societies, Jg. 8, S. 69-91. DOI:10.1016/S1040-2608(03)08004-3
Abstract
"There is solid evidence, from longitudinal studies such as the NLS and PSID, of the significant long-term impact of values and life goals on occupational attainment and earnings. So far, these findings have not been incorporated into sociological and economic theory. Preference theory does this, identifying the social and economic context in which values and attitudes can become important predictors of women's (and men's) behaviour. A theoretical and methodological distinction between causal and non-causal attitudes and values is made, illustrated by data on lifestyle preferences and patriarchal values from comparative surveys in Britain and Spain. The results show that lifestyle preferences have a major impact on women's choices between family work and employment, whereas patriarchal values are only tenuously linked to behaviour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Interactions between care-giving and paid work hours among European midlife women, 1994 to 1996 (2003)
Spiess, Katharina; Schneider, A. Ulrike;Zitatform
Spiess, Katharina & A. Ulrike Schneider (2003): Interactions between care-giving and paid work hours among European midlife women, 1994 to 1996. In: Ageing and society, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 41-68. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X02001010
Abstract
"This paper uses data from the European Community Household Panel surveys of 1994 and 1996 to study the association between changes in care-giving and changes in weekly work hours. Our sample comprises women aged 45 - 59 years who participated in the labour force in at least one of the two years studied. Controlling for country variation, we find significant relationships between starting or increasing informal care-giving and changes in weekly work hours. No such association is found however among women terminating a care-giving commitment or reducing their care hours. Starting care-giving significantly reduces work hours for women in northern European countries (except Ireland). By contrast, women in southern Europe and Ireland respond to an increase in care-giving hours by a smaller increase or a higher decrease in work hours than non care-givers. In summary, our results show that the impact of care-giving on adjustments of weekly work hours is asymmetrical and that it differs in southern and northern Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gap in earnings at the industry level (2002)
Zitatform
Allen, Jim & Karin Sanders (2002): Gender gap in earnings at the industry level. In: The European Journal of Women's Studies, Jg. 9, H. 2, S. 163-180.
Abstract
"In this article the authors seek an answer to the question: does the percentage of women working in an industry have an effect on earnings distinct from the effect of sex at the individual level? On the basis of the 'comparable worth' approach, the authors hypothesized that, controlling for education, experience and sex, the percentage of women working in an industry would have a negative effect on earnings. This hypothesis was tested by performing multi-level analysis using data from 12 countries. The hypothesis was confirmed: the multi-level analysis showed a significant negative effect of the percentage of women in an industry on individual earnings, when individual characteristics were controlled for. This effect applied equally formen and women working in an industry. Part, though not all, of the effect could be accounted for by the fact that femaledominated industries are less unionized and more characterized by small firms than male-dominated industries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The gender pay gap in the transition from communism: some empirical evidence (2001)
Newell, Andrew; Reilly, Barry;Zitatform
Newell, Andrew & Barry Reilly (2001): The gender pay gap in the transition from communism: some empirical evidence. In: Economic Systems, Jg. 25, H. 4, S. 287-304. DOI:10.1016/s0939-3625(01)00028-0
Abstract
"This short paper investigates the gender pay gap in a number of former communist countries of eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The main findings are that, in general, the gender pay gap has not exhibited an upward tendency over the transitional period to which available data relate. Most of the gender pay gap is ascribed to the ‘unexplained’ component using conventional decompositions and this may partly be attributable to the proxy measure for labour force experience used in this study. Quantile regression analysis indicates that in all but one country, the ceteris paribus gender pay gap rises as we move up the wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2001 Elsevier) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug