Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Occupation–Education Mismatch of Immigrant Women in Europe (2023)
Zitatform
Akgüç, Mehtap & Jaai Parasnis (2023): Occupation–Education Mismatch of Immigrant Women in Europe. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 170, H. 1, S. 75-98. DOI:10.1007/s11205-023-03066-0
Abstract
"Against the background of continuing gains in female education and labor market participation and rising migration, we investigate whether women work in occupations which match their educational qualifications and whether migrant women face double penalty in being overqualified for their jobs. Using the data from the European Social Survey covering 2002–2020 with detailed information about occupation and educational attainment, we show that migrant women are significantly more likely to be overqualified in their jobs relative to native women. We explore the role of individual, institutional and workplace factors, as well as attitudes, to explain the overeducation of foreign-born women compared to native-born women. While parental education, workplace and destination country characteristics are all important factors in women’s overqualification, they do not explain the immigrant women’s disadvantage. The overqualification of migrant women is particularly notable amongst low and medium skill groups and in middle income households. These results inform the policy efforts to mitigate the skills waste of migrant women by documenting the gaps, identifying the target groups and suggesting potential channels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Natives' and migrants' employment uncertainty and childbearing during the great recession: a comparison between Italy and Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Alderotti, Giammarco, Eleonora Mussino & Chiara Ludovica Comolli (2023): Natives' and migrants' employment uncertainty and childbearing during the great recession. A comparison between Italy and Sweden. In: European Societies, Jg. 25, H. 4, S. 539-573. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2022.2153302
Abstract
"This study contributes to the empirical research on the fertility decline registered in Europe in the aftermath of the Great Recession adopting a comparative perspective. We explore childbearing behavior during the crisis across three dimensions of vulnerability: migration background (measured as: country of origin and length of stay in the destination country), labor market uncertainty, and country of residence. We compare childbearing behavior by parity among native and migrant women with different employment statuses in Sweden and Italy. Using the Swedish population registers and the Italian Labor Force Survey, we investigate the change in childbearing probabilities between the pre-crisis (2006?2009) and the years following the onset of the crisis (2010?2015). We find that the chances of motherhood in the aftermath of the Great Recession decreased substantially among recently arrived migrant women, but also among unemployed natives and women with unstable careers. The migration and labor market vulnerabilities, however, do not accumulate: unemployment and career instability negatively affect only native women?s probability of motherhood. Finally, the country comparison demonstrates that while the duration of stay and the weaker labor market attachment reduces the chances of motherhood in both contexts, the negative effect of unemployment is particularly strong in Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Maßnahmenerfolge des Arbeitsmarktintegrationsprogramms für Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund "Stark im Beruf" (2023)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Laura Castiglioni, Thomas Eichhorn, Till Nikolka & Corinna Zollner (2023): Maßnahmenerfolge des Arbeitsmarktintegrationsprogramms für Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund "Stark im Beruf". In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 45, H. 1, S. 79-85. DOI:10.3262/MIG2301079
Abstract
"Das durch das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend geförderte Bundesprogramm des Europäischen Sozialfonds „Stark im Beruf – Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund steigen ein“ soll Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund den Erwerbseinstieg erleichtern und ihren Zugang zu vorhandenen Angeboten zur Arbeitsmarktintegration verbessern. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert Erklärungsansätze für eine geringere Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland und stellt darauf Bezug nehmend die Maßnahmenerfolge des ESF-Bundesprogramms „Stark im Beruf“ vor. Auswertungen der im Rahmen des Programms erhobenen Daten zeigen, dass Teilnehmerinnen nach Programmabschluss mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Beschäftigung oder eine schulische oder berufliche Ausbildung aufnehmen, wenn sie eher berufsnahe Module belegt haben und sie bereits bei Programmeintritt bessere Voraussetzungen hinsichtlich ihres übertragbaren Humankapitals und ihrer Nähe zum Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland mitbringen. Teilnehmerinnen, die über einen längeren Zeitraum arbeitslos gemeldet sind oder sich im SGB II-Bezug befinden, sowie Teilnehmerinnen mit kleinen Kindern im Haushalt haben hingegen eine niedrigere Programmerfolgswahrscheinlichkeit. Abschließend werden im Beitrag Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse sowie die Limitationen der Analysen aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Natives' Gender Norms and the Labor Market Integration of Female Immigrants (2023)
Zitatform
Bredtmann, Julia & Sebastian Otten (2023): Natives' Gender Norms and the Labor Market Integration of Female Immigrants. (Ruhr economic papers 1042), Essen, 46 S. DOI:10.4419/96973211
Abstract
"Using data from the European Social Survey 2002-2020 covering immigrants in 25 European countries, this paper investigates the role of natives’ gender norms in the labor market integration of female immigrants. To analyze the role of natives’ gender norms, we exploit intertemporal, interregional, and age-specific variation in female-to-male labor force participation ratios. We find a positive and robust association between immigrant women’s labor supply and the femaleto-male labor force participation ratio in their region of residence. No similar association is found among immigrant men. We provide evidence that our finding is due to the cultural assimilation of female immigrants to native women’s gender norms, and not the result of exposure to similar institutions and economic conditions. Based on a gravity model of female immigrants’ regional location choice, we further provide supportive evidence that the association between natives’ gender norms and immigrant women’s labor supply is not driven by a selective location choice of female immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Culture and the Labor Supply of Female Immigrants (2023)
Zitatform
Bredtmann, Julia & Sebastian Otten (2023): Culture and the Labor Supply of Female Immigrants. In: Economic Inquiry, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 282-300. DOI:10.1111/ecin.13129
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the impact of source-country culture on the labor supply of female immigrants in Europe. We find that the labor supply of immigrant women is positively associated with the female-to-male labor force participation ratio in their source country, which serves as a proxy for the country's preferences and beliefs regarding women's roles. This suggests that the culture and norms of their source country play an important role for immigrant women's labor supply. However, contradicting previous evidence for the US, we do not find evidence that the cultural effect persists through the second generation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle der IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung (2023)
Brücker, Herbert ; Grabka, Markus M. ; Zinn, Sabine ; Bujard, Martin ; Ette, Andreas ; Milewski, Nadja ; Schwanhäuser, Silvia ; Maddox, Amrei ; Rother, Nina ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Naderi, Robert; Siegert, Manuel ; Schmitz, Sophia ; Tanis, Kerstin ; Spieß, C. Katharina ; Steinhauer, Hans Walter ; Niehues, Wenke ; Cardozo, Adriana ; Sauer, Lenore ; Décieux, Jean Philippe ;Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Ette, Markus M. Grabka, Yuliya Kosyakova, Wenke Niehues, Nina Rother, C. Katharina Spieß, Sabine Zinn, Martin Bujard, Adriana Cardozo, Jean Philippe Décieux, Amrei Maddox, Nadja Milewski, Robert Naderi, Lenore Sauer, Sophia Schmitz, Silvia Schwanhäuser, Manuel Siegert, Kerstin Tanis & Hans Walter Steinhauer (2023): Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle der IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 02/2023), Nürnberg, 136 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2302
Abstract
"Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat die größte Fluchtbewegung in Europa seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ausgelöst. Seit Kriegsbeginn sind mehr als eine Million Menschen aus der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflohen. Erste repräsentative Erkenntnisse über deren Lebenssituation und Zukunftspläne ermöglicht die Studie „Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung)“, eine gemeinsame Studie des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), des Forschungszentrums des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Berlin. Für diese Studie wurden 11.763 Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in der Zeit zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbschancen geflüchteter Frauen in Deutschland verbessern sich trotz ungünstiger Ausgangslage (2023)
Cardozo Silva, Adriana;Zitatform
Cardozo Silva, Adriana (2023): Erwerbschancen geflüchteter Frauen in Deutschland verbessern sich trotz ungünstiger Ausgangslage. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 90, H. 19, S. 217-225. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2023-19-1
Abstract
"Die Mehrheit der geflüchteten Frauen, die zwischen 2013 und 2019 und damit auch zum Höhepunkt der Fluchtmigration 2015 nach Deutschland kamen, ist nicht erwerbstätig. Auf Grundlage von Daten aus der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Geflüchteten-Befragung sucht diese Studie nach Erklärungen für die begrenzte Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen mit Fluchthintergrund. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Kombination aus niedrigem Bildungsniveau im Vergleich zur deutschen Bevölkerung, langsamen Fortschritten beim Spracherwerb und traditionellen Rollen bei der Aufteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit innerhalb der Familie Hemmnisse für die Arbeitsmarktintegration der Frauen darstellen. Dennoch hat sich der Anteil der geflüchteten Frauen, die einer bezahlten Beschäftigung nachgehen, verdoppelt. Darüber hinaus halbierte sich der Anteil der Frauen mit geringen Deutschkenntnissen. Gleichzeitig nahm der Anteil der Frauen mit mittleren oder guten Sprachkenntnissen zu. Der Anteil junger geflüchteter Frauen, die an Bildungsprogrammen teilnahmen, verdreifachte sich. Dies zeigt, dass die Integration von geflüchteten Frauen in den Arbeitsmarkt voranschreitet. Daher wird dringend der Ausbau bestehender Integrationsmaßnahmen, die speziell auf Frauen zugeschnitten sind, empfohlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen sind für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten von großer Bedeutung (2023)
Zitatform
Fendel, Tanja, Yuliya Kosyakova & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2023): Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen sind für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten von großer Bedeutung. In: IAB-Forum H. 26.10.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231026.01
Abstract
"Die Integration in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt wird Geflüchteten unter anderem durch institutionelle Hürden erschwert. Weil ukrainische Geflüchtete im Gegensatz zu anderen Geflüchteten kein Asylverfahren durchlaufen müssen, deutlich seltener in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften untergebracht sind und direkt in die Förderstruktur der Jobcenter integriert wurden, haben sie insgesamt günstigere institutionelle Voraussetzungen. Da ein Großteil der ukrainischen geflüchteten Frauen Betreuungspflichten haben, müssen allerdings auch sie zahlreiche, wenn auch andere Barrieren, überwinden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender-Gap bei der unbefristeten Niederlassung Geflüchteter: Frauen erfüllen seltener die Voraussetzungen als Männer (2023)
Zitatform
Fendel, Tanja & Franziska Schreyer (2023): Gender-Gap bei der unbefristeten Niederlassung Geflüchteter: Frauen erfüllen seltener die Voraussetzungen als Männer. In: IAB-Forum H. 12.01.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230112.01
Abstract
"Mit dem 2016 in Kraft getretenen Integrationsgesetz wurden die Voraussetzungen für eine unbefristete Niederlassungserlaubnis erweitert. Asylberechtigte und anerkannte Flüchtlinge müssen seither unter anderem Sprachkompetenz in Deutsch nachweisen und ihren Lebensunterhalt weitgehend eigenständig sichern. Empirische Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass dies insbesondere für Mütter und unverheiratete Frauen nachteilig ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gap dynamics among refugees and recent immigrants: Different start, similar patterns? (2023)
Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya & Zerrin Salikutluk (2023): Gender gap dynamics among refugees and recent immigrants: Different start, similar patterns? (IAB-Discussion Paper 11/2023), Nürnberg, 63 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2311
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren hat die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrantinnen in der Migrationsliteratur viel Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Wir betrachten geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten und anderen neuzugewanderten Personen, die innerhalb eines ähnlichen Zeitraums nach Deutschland gekommen sind, aus einer dynamischen Perspektive. Wir vergleichen ihre Verläufe in der frühen Phase nach ihrer Ankunft und untersuchen eine Reihe von Bedingungen, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie für geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktergebnisse relevant sind. Unter Verwendung von zwei Panel-Datenquellen, die kürzlich angekommene Geflüchtete (die IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Flüchtlingsstichprobe) und andere Zuwandernde (die IAB-SOEP-Migrationsstichprobe) in Deutschland umfassen, stellen wir die Dynamik und Ursachen der geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in der Beschäftigung von Geflüchteten und anderen Zugewanderten gegenüber. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass anfängliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Geflüchteten gering sind und sich im Laufe der Zeit vergrößern, während sich das Muster bei anderen Zugewanderten umkehrt. Die anfänglich benachteiligte Position von weiblichen Geflüchteten bleibt jedoch auch fünf Jahre nach ihrer Ankunft bestehen. Darüber hinaus deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die in der Literatur vorgeschlagenen Erklärungen die Herausforderungen, denen weibliche Geflüchtete und andere Zuwandernde beim Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt gegenüberstehen, nicht vollständig erklären können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gap dynamics among refugees and recent immigrants: different start, similar patterns? (2023)
Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya & Zerrin Salikutluk (2023): Gender gap dynamics among refugees and recent immigrants: different start, similar patterns? (BIM working paper / Berliner Institut für empirische Integrations- und Migrationsforschung 01), 60 S. DOI:10.18452/27241
Abstract
"In the last years, the labor market integration of immigrant women has received much attention in the migration literature. We examine gender differences in labor market integration among refugees and other new immigrants who came to Germany during a similar period from a dynamic perspective. Using two panel data sources, which include recently arrived refugees (the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Sample of Refugees) and other immigrants (the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample) in Germany, we compare the dynamics and sources of employment gender gap among refugees and other immigrants. The results uncover narrow initial gender differences among refugees that grow over time and a reversed pattern among other immigrants. However, female refugees’ initial disadvantaged starting position maintains five years after arrival. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the explanations offered in the literature cannot fully explain the hurdles female refugees and other immigrants face when entering the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IAB-Discussion Paper, 11/2023 -
Literaturhinweis
Integration von Migrantinnen in Deutschland: Politiken und Maßnahmen: Studie der deutschen nationalen Kontaktstelle für das Europäische Migrationsnetzwerk (EMN) (2023)
Lechner, Claudia; Atanisev, Kaan; Gockeln, Cristina;Zitatform
Lechner, Claudia & Kaan Atanisev (2023): Integration von Migrantinnen in Deutschland: Politiken und Maßnahmen. Studie der deutschen nationalen Kontaktstelle für das Europäische Migrationsnetzwerk (EMN). (EMN Deutschland Papier 2023,1), Nürnberg, 63 S. DOI:10.48570/bamf.fz.emndp.01/2023.d.2023.migrantinnen.1.0
Abstract
"Das EMN Deutschland Paper thematisiert die Integration von Migrantinnen in Deutschland. Die Studie gibt einen Überblick über den Integrationsstand von Migrantinnen, den damit verbundenen Herausforderungen sowie über die politischen Integrationsansätze in Deutschland. Die im Rahmen dieser Studie betrachteten Integrationsbereiche konzentrieren sich im Wesentlichen auf die im EU-Aktionsplan für Integration und Inklusion 2021-2027 abgedeckten Felder, darunter Bildung und Sprache, Erwerbstätigkeit, Gesundheit, Wohnen sowie zusätzlich politische und zivilgesellschaftliche Partizipation. Im Einklang mit den EMN-Vorgaben werden in der Studie unter Migrantinnen primär drittstaatsangehörige Frauen verstanden. Da allerdings die Datengrundlage in Deutschland nicht durchgängig eine Unterscheidung nach Drittstaatsangehörigkeit und Geschlecht zulässt und zudem nicht alle Integrationsmaßnahmen nur explizit für Drittstaatsangehörige ausgelegt sind, werden in dieser Studie auch solche Forschungserkenntnisse und Integrationsmaßnahmen dargestellt, die sich allgemein auf Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund beziehen und damit Drittstaatsangehörige implizit miteinschließen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Interplay Between the Early Work and Family Trajectories of Young Adult Women Born in West Germany: Differences by Parental Origins (2023)
Zitatform
Samper Mejia, Cristina (2023): The Interplay Between the Early Work and Family Trajectories of Young Adult Women Born in West Germany: Differences by Parental Origins. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 345-368. DOI:10.1007/s12134-021-00882-6
Abstract
"Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), this paper employs sequence analysis to identify “typical” early (observation window limited to ages 15 to 30) employment and family formation trajectories among female second-generation migrants in Germany. For the employment domain of the life course, four types of employment trajectories were identified according to their modal states: “long education,” “full-time employment,” “part-time employment,” and “non-employment.” For the family domain of the life course, three types of family trajectories were identified: “postponement of family formation,” “early family formation,” and “early single motherhood.” For the analysis on cluster affiliation, a multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate how parental origin relates to jointly determined employment and family trajectories. As expected, the descriptive results showed that trajectories of low labor market participation are highly related to trajectories of early family formation. The categorization by parental origins shows that there were few differences in the trajectories of most native and G2 women groups. One pattern that stood out was that compared to other origin groups, G2 women of Turkish parental origin were more likely to be on an early family formation path, and they were more likely to be on a path with multiple non-employment spells. In the modeling strategy, the remaining differences in the women’s patterns were partially explained by the differences in their socioeconomic backgrounds (compulsory school track and the father’s professional degree) and their maternal employment role models (the mother’s employment when the woman was age 15)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment and Well-Being: The Case of High-Skilled Intra-EU Mobile Women (2023)
Zitatform
de Araujo, Anelise Gomes (2023): Unemployment and Well-Being: The Case of High-Skilled Intra-EU Mobile Women. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 170, H. 1, S. 245-264. DOI:10.1007/s11205-023-03100-1
Abstract
"Empirical evidence shows a significant increase in the number of high-skilled mobile workers in the EU. Yet, little is known about the experience of unemployed female high-skilled intra-EU mobile jobseekers regarding the search for employment and wellbeing as part of labor market integration. This paper uses qualitative data collected between 2014 and 2015 (via an online survey) to explore female experience considering the challenges and opportunities on the path to employment. Findings underlined two main features: first, the inadequate availability, relevant information and access to support services for high-skilled workers; and second, a deficit of wellbeing and satisfaction by respondents amid their intra-EU mobility path, linked to circumstances of unemployment and aspirations before movement. The paper draws on these findings to advocate for the creation of work-placement programs as a “path to employment” tailored to female high-skilled intra-EU mobile jobseekers and the inclusion of psycho-social assistance through counselling and peer-support groups within standing employment services for jobseekers. These two measures are relevant in promoting female high-skilled EU mobile workers' participation in the labor market, thus preventing loss of talent, long-term unemployment, deskilling, and encouraging better matching schemes, averting social isolation and loss of wellbeing. Persistent unemployment and deskilling can have an impact on social welfare, in particular costs related to healthcare (i.e. mental health). According to the author, wherever possible, wellbeing is to be considered, when making a cost-benefit analysis of the experiences of high-skilled mobile workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Doing market" - unternehmerische Praxis und der Diskurs um »ethnische Ökonomie« im Markt für muslimische Mode in Berlin (2022)
Birnbauer, Robert;Zitatform
Birnbauer, Robert (2022): "Doing market" - unternehmerische Praxis und der Diskurs um »ethnische Ökonomie« im Markt für muslimische Mode in Berlin. (Kultur und soziale Praxis), Bielefeld: Transcript GbR, 330 S. DOI:10.14361/9783839460818
Abstract
"Unter dem Schlagwort »ethnische Ökonomie« wird die berufliche Selbstständigkeit von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Politik und Wissenschaft diskutiert. Indem die Selbstständigen ihren »Markt machen«, positionieren sie sich mit dem und gegen diesen Diskurs. Robert Birnbauer zeigt aus einer wirtschaftsanthropologischen Perspektive, wie die Unternehmer*innen dabei ihre gesellschaftlichen Positionen und etablierte ökonomische Wissensbestände gleichermaßen verhandeln. Dazu folgt er dem Diskurs um »ethnische Ökonomie« von der politischen in die unternehmerische Praxis und zeigt: Geschäfte im Markt für muslimische Mode werden zum Resultat gesellschaftlicher Diskurse und der Markt zum Effekt beschreibbarer unternehmerischer Praxis – weit jenseits einer »unsichtbaren Hand«." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktintegration von Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund – Analyse der Maßnahmenerfolge des Bundesprogramms "Stark im Beruf" (2022)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Laura Castiglioni, Thomas Eichhorn, Till Nikolka & Corinna Zollner (2022): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund – Analyse der Maßnahmenerfolge des Bundesprogramms "Stark im Beruf". München, 44 S. DOI:10.36189/DJI202212
Abstract
"Das durch das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) geförderte Bundesprogramm des Europäischen Sozialfonds (ESF) „Stark im Beruf – Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund steigen ein“ soll Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund den Erwerbseinstieg erleichtern und ihren Zugang zu vorhandenen Angeboten zur Arbeitsmarktintegration verbessern. Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert eine Auswertung der im Rahmen des Programms „Stark im Beruf“ erhobenen Daten zu den durch die Teilnehmerinnen erzielten Programmerfolge vor dem Hintergrund individueller Merkmale, regionaler Kontextfaktoren sowie der Belegung unterschiedlicher Programmmodule. Hierzu werden auf Grundlage theoretischer Überlegungen zunächst Hypothesen zur Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen Programmerfolg in Abhängigkeit von potentiellen Erklärfaktoren abgeleitet, die danach mithilfe eines multivariaten Regressionsmodells getestet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Teilnehmerinnen kurze Zeit nach Programmabschluss mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Beschäftigung aufnehmen, wenn sie bei Programmeintritt bessere Voraussetzungen hinsichtlich ihres übertragbaren Humankapitals und ihrer Nähe zum Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland mitbringen. Teilnehmerinnen, die über einen längeren Zeitraum arbeitslos gemeldet sind oder sich im SGB II-Bezug befinden, haben nach Programmabschluss hingegen eine niedrigere Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Beschäftigung aufzunehmen. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass Teilnehmerinnen mit kleinen Kindern, die mit größeren Herausforderungen bezüglich der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie konfrontiert sind, das „Stark im Beruf“ Programm mit einer geringeren Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit abschließen. Entgegen der Erwartungen bestätigt sich kein systematischer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Aufenthaltsstatus oder der Aufenthaltsdauer der Teilnehmerinnen in Deutschland und einem erfolgreichen Programmabschluss. Neben individuellen Merkmalen der Teilnehmerinnen beziehen wir auch Informationen zur regionalen Arbeitsmarkt- und Bevölkerungsstruktur sowie Angaben zur Belegung unterschiedlicher Modulkategorien im „Stark im Beruf“ Programm in unsere Analysen ein. Es zeigt sich, dass Teilnehmerinnen, die eher berufsorientierte Module belegen, auch unter Berücksichtigung aller weiteren beobachtbaren Merkmale eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen Programmerfolg haben als Teilnehmerinnen, die andere Programmmodule belegen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Culture and the Labor Supply of Female Immigrants (2022)
Zitatform
Bredtmann, Julia & Sebastian Otten (2022): Culture and the Labor Supply of Female Immigrants. (CReAM discussion paper 2022,27), London, 42 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the impact of source-country culture on the labor supply of female immigrants in Europe. We find that the labor supply of immigrant women is positively associated with the female-to-male labor force participation ratio in their source country, which serves as a proxy for the country’s preferences and beliefs regarding women’s roles. This suggests that the culture and norms of their source country play an important role for immigrant women’s labor supply. However, contradicting previous evidence for the U.S., we do not find evidence that the cultural effect persists through the second generation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
War in the Ukraine: Consequences for the Governance of Refugee Migration and Integration (2022)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert (2022): War in the Ukraine: Consequences for the Governance of Refugee Migration and Integration. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 41-48.
Abstract
"This paper addresses some important aspects of the challenges of the war in the Ukraine for the governance of refugee migration and the integration of refugees from Ukraine with a special focus on Germany. Refugee migration from the Ukraine differs largely from past refugee migration episodes since the EU has activated the so-called “Mass Influx Directive.” This has important humanitarian, social, and economic consequences, which are discussed in the following section. This also affects the socio-demographic structure of the refugee population and hence their integration chances (see the second section). The third section addresses an underrated aspect relevant to the integration of refugees: regional dispersal policies, while the fourth section discusses the central role of education and child care policies for the integration of the Ukrainian population, particularly females. The fifth section briefly addresses some other important aspects of integration policies – language and integration programs, labor market policies, the acknowledgment of foreign degrees, and job placement policies. Finally, the sixth section concludes the paper." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Home care allowance and labor market participation of immigrant and native-born mothers (2022)
Zitatform
Fendel, Tanja & Beate Jochimsen (2022): Home care allowance and labor market participation of immigrant and native-born mothers. In: SN Social Sciences, Jg. 2, 2022-04-26. DOI:10.1007/s43545-022-00393-w
Abstract
"Most countries still have a significant gender gap in labor force participation, and this gap is especially large for immigrants. Despite this gap, Germany introduced various forms of home care allowances in the last decade. Parallel to the extension of early child care and the inclusion of a legal claim for it, from 2013 to 2015, a nationwide home care allowance existed for parents who did not use public child care for children aged one or two years. After 2015, home care allowances continued to exist in several German federal states. Some politicians strongly criticized this transfer for allegedly decreasing work incentives, particularly for mothers with lower labor market integration, such as immigrant mothers. Using federal state differentiated data obtained from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we investigate the impact of a home care allowance on the labor market participation of mothers. For both native-born and especially immigrant mothers, the effects are significantly negative. We conclude that a home care allowance has negative effects on the labor force participation of mothers of young children, irrespective of the legal claim for and the extension of public child care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The integration migrant couples in Germany: The role of gender and the migration motive (2022)
Zitatform
Freitas Monteiro, Teresa (2022): The integration migrant couples in Germany: The role of gender and the migration motive. In: M. Andresen, S. Anger, A. Al Ariss, C. Barzantny, H. Brücker, M. Dickmann, L. Mäkelä, S. L. Muhr, T. Saalfeld, V. Suutari & M. Zølner (Hrsg.) (2022): Wanderlust to wonderland? Exploring key issues in expatriate careers: Individual, organizational, and societal insights, Bamberg, S. 189-202, 2022-08-02.
Abstract
"This book chapter highlighted the effect of gender and the migration position on the labour market and the socio-cultural integration of migrant spouses in Germany. Using a representative survey of the migrant population in Germany, I find that a considerably larger share of females are tied movers, even though they tend to have higher education. This indicates that the family migration decision process is possibly not gender neutral. As hypothesized in the introduction, I find that tied movers are less likely to be economic and socio-culturally integrated. Hence, being a tied mover seems to create an additional hurdle when it comes to integration. While female migrants are less likely to be economically integrated, they are not very different from males when it comes to socio-cultural integration. The negative effect of gender on labour market integration, while holding the migration position and education constant, possibly reflects the role of traditional gender norms. In light of these findings, I conjecture that gender has both a direct and indirect effect on economic integration. Where the indirect effect comes through its effect on the migration position." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exclusionary Contexts Frustrate Cultural Integration: Migrant Acculturation Into Support for Gender Equality in the Labor Market in Western Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Glas, Saskia (2022): Exclusionary Contexts Frustrate Cultural Integration: Migrant Acculturation Into Support for Gender Equality in the Labor Market in Western Europe. In: International migration review, Jg. 56, H. 3, S. 941-975. DOI:10.1177/01979183211059171
Abstract
"Countering linear acculturation theories, the adoption of Western European gender customs over time differs across migrant groups. This diversity implies that acculturation into support for gender equality is context dependent. However, little quantitative scholarship has identified what sort of contexts strengthen or impede acculturation. This article investigates one source of context-dependent acculturation: exclusionary contexts. I build and test a context-dependent exclusions framework that proposes that contexts that exclude non-Western migrants hamper their acculturation into support for gender equality in the labor market in Western Europe. Empirically, I synchronize European Social Survey, European Values Study, and Eurislam data on over 11,000 non-Western migrants in Western Europe. Cross-classified models show that non-Western migrants' support for labor-market gender equality is, indeed, lower in exclusionary contexts, for instance, in destinations with stronger anti-migrant sentiments. Pivotally, the impact of destinations' gender customs on migrants' gender values differs across destination, origin, and community contexts. For instance, in destinations with stronger populist right-wing parties, migrants internalize destinations' gender equality less. Altogether, non-Western migrants' acculturation into support for labor-market gender equality is highly dependent on contextual exclusions, which means that populist claims about non-Western migrants' universal lack of acculturation into support for gender equality should be viewed cautiously." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered Pathways: Employment Behavior among Family-Based and Skill-Based Immigrants in the United States (2022)
Zitatform
Lee, Rennie (2022): Gendered Pathways: Employment Behavior among Family-Based and Skill-Based Immigrants in the United States. In: Socius, Jg. 8, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1177/23780231221144354
Abstract
"The United States is the only country to admit the majority of its immigrants on the basis of kinship ties. Although policy makers typically view family migration as less favorable and assume that family immigrants do not contribute to the U.S. economy, this argument is oversimplified and ignores the role of gender and the various ways that family immigration works. This study captures the multiple aspects of immigrants’ entry visas and its intersection with gender to examine the employment behavior of college-educated immigrant men and women who arrived in the United States via several family-based and skill-based categories. Using nationally representative data from 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Survey of College Graduates, the author finds that immigrants’ initial entry pathways into the United States continue to stratify their employment behavior and trajectories, especially for immigrant women. The conditions of family-sponsored immigration matter; temporary migration as a spouse is negatively associated with immigrant women’s employment but not permanent family migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Culture, Female Labour Force Participation, and Selective Migration: New Meta-Analytic Evidence (2022)
Zitatform
Markowsky, Eva (2022): Culture, Female Labour Force Participation, and Selective Migration. New Meta-Analytic Evidence. (WiSo-HH working paper series / Universität Hamburg, Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften 65), Hamburg, 45 S.
Abstract
"I analyse about 160 estimates of the relationship between female migrants' labour force participation and ancestry culture, integrating studies from economics and sociology that were previously unconnected. The literature exhibits large heterogeneity in results that is only partly explained by differences in data, sample selection, and methods. Part of the excess heterogeneity seems to be driven by selective reporting with preference given to studies that find positive and statistically significant correlations between ancestry culture and female labour force participation. Differential composition of countries of ancestry proves another important source of heterogeneity. Estimations drawn from data with higher average ancestry-gender equality find lager culture effects, implying that the behaviour of women from low-gender equality countries might not be representative for their country of origin culture. I discuss how cultural selection of immigration could explain this relationship and why it can bias measured culture effects. The analysis provides valuable insights for future applications of the socio-epidemiological approach." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
„Stark im Beruf“ – Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund neue Erwerbsperspektiven eröffnen (2022)
Nellen, Marc;Zitatform
Nellen, Marc (2022): „Stark im Beruf“ – Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund neue Erwerbsperspektiven eröffnen. In: Nachrichtendienst des Deutschen Vereins für öffentliche und private Fürsorge, Jg. 102, H. 6, S. 283-289.
Abstract
"Dem Arbeitsmarkt bleibt eine große Gruppe als Fachkräfte von morgen verborgen: Über 500.000 migrantischen Müttern mit unmittelbarem Erwerbswunsch gelingt der Berufseinstieg nicht aus eigener Kraft. Wie sie einfach, effizient und zielgerichtet in Job oder Qualifizierung begleitet werden können, zeigt das ESF-Bundesprogramm „Stark im Beruf – Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund steigen ein“. An 90 Standorten werden Migrantinnen mit Familienverantwortung auf dem Weg in die Berufstätigkeit begleitet. Die Wirkungsanalyse über 17.000 Teilnehmerinnen und deren Prozessbegleitung zeigt nun: Der Ansatz des Programms ist erfolgreich und lohnt sich, weitergetragen zu werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Der Migrant-Gender-Pay-Gap: Sind die Gehälter niedrig, trifft es alle (2022)
Spitaleri, Laura;Zitatform
Spitaleri, Laura (2022): Der Migrant-Gender-Pay-Gap: Sind die Gehälter niedrig, trifft es alle. (Analysen und Studien / IQ-Fachstelle Einwanderung 2022,Juli), Berlin, 15 S.
Abstract
"Die IQ Fachstelle Einwanderung untersucht in der vorliegenden Analyse die Gehaltsunterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen und eingewanderten und nichteingewanderten Personen - den sog. Migrant-Gender-Pay-Gap. Zentral ist dabei die Frage: Verdienen, trotz gleichem Bildungs- oder Anforderungsniveau und gleichem Berufszweig, Männer mehr als Frauen und Personen mit deutscher Staatsangehörigkeit mehr als Personen ohne deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit? Datengrundlage ist eine Erhebung aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Aspects of Brain Drain: The Case of Turkish Immigrants in Germany (2021)
Arslan, Gamze; Okumus, Mehmet Oʯuzhan;Zitatform
Arslan, Gamze & Mehmet Oʯuzhan Okumus (2021): Gender Aspects of Brain Drain: The Case of Turkish Immigrants in Germany. (Discussion papers des Harriet Taylor Mill-Instituts für Ökonomie und Geschlechterforschung der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin 43), Berlin, 34 S.
Abstract
"Growing rate of women in the highly skilled immigration necessitates a closer look on the motivational differences of women in their migration decisions. This paper investigates the gender related aspects of migration decisions of highly skilled Turkish immigrants in Germany with respect to three factors: economic participation and opportunities, social aspects including political empowerment, and health-survival domain, following the conceptualization of Global Gender Gap Report (2017). For this purpose, the study conducts a quantitative survey with 146 participants from Turkish community groups on the social media channels. The results show that the health-survival domain, specifically based on degree of self-censor, the probability of being harassed in daily life and perception of sexual freedom, appears as significantly more effective for women in their migration decisions compared to men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effects of Emigration on Gender Norms in Countries of Origin (2021)
Azarnert, Leonid V.; Yakubenko, Slava;Zitatform
Azarnert, Leonid V. & Slava Yakubenko (2021): Effects of Emigration on Gender Norms in Countries of Origin. (CESifo working paper 9450), München, 44 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of emigration on gender norms in countries of migrants' origin. We use an instrumental variable strategy that allows us to estimate a causal effect of emigration on gender inequality. Our findings suggest that emigration to countries with low (high) levels of gender inequality is associated with promotion of more (less) progressive gender norms. These effects are observed for a wide range of indicators and are robust to inclusion of a set of control variables. Moreover, countries with high levels of gender inequality benefit from this process disproportionately more. Based on the provided evidence we argue that this effect is channelled through “cultural remittances”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and Job Perspectives for Female Refugees in Germany: Analysis and Policy Implications from a Local Survey Study (2021)
Zitatform
Baier, Fabian, Paul J. J. Welfens & Tobias Zander (2021): Employment and Job Perspectives for Female Refugees in Germany: Analysis and Policy Implications from a Local Survey Study. (Diskussionsbeitrag / Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen 308), Wuppertal, 59 S.
Abstract
"Based on an analysis of a survey carried out by the EIIW/Jobcenter Wuppertal among female refugees, we identify significant drivers of the prospect of finding employment and of being in employment for individuals from this particular sub-group in society. The majority of survey respondents used German or Arabic as their preferred language to complete the survey questionnaire of the EIIW/Jobcenter Wuppertal. Probit/ordered probit and Logit/ordered logit regressions are used to identify the impact of a battery of potential influences relevant for the employment perspectives of female refugees. The probit variable meant looking at those currently in employment (coded 1) or, alternatively, those currently unemployed while the alternative approach was to consider an ordered variable indicating ascending hours worked as a measure of "more work" being undertaken. Personal skills, demographic characteristics, as well as family-related characteristics plus certain types of knowledge/skills and competencies as well as access to digital technologies and social networks, respectively, are identified as being key drivers of employment perspectives for female refugees. For female refugees, access to a computer increases the likelihood of having a job. Marriage also has a positive indirect impact on finding a job. Female refugees with university degrees do not have better chances of finding a job in Germany than those of the respective control group - i.e., those without a degree. It is found that the amount of years women already live in Germany is positively and significantly related to the probability of finding employment, a result which holds across a broad framework of control variables. Concerning the country of origin - using specific control groups - we find weak evidence that women from African countries find it more difficult to integrate into the job market than women from Europe who tend to find a job more easily regardless of their language, culture, family status and education. Refugees from Syria are also rather difficult to integrate into the job market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Labor Market Integration of Refugees and other Migrants in Germany (2021)
Bedaso, Fenet;Zitatform
Bedaso, Fenet (2021): The Labor Market Integration of Refugees and other Migrants in Germany. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 884), Maastricht, 35 S.
Abstract
"Using the panel data from 1995 to 2019, this paper investigates the labor market integration of non-EU immigrants in Germany. The existing evidence shows that the economic outcomes of migrants are far behind natives. However, immigrants are a heterogeneous group in terms of their motives for migration and skills composition. In this paper, I disentangle immigrants into refugees and other migrants and compare the employment probability gap between refugees, other migrants, and natives. I also examine whether refugees have a lower employment outcome than other migrants and to what extent the level of education, language proficiency, health status, years since migration, and cohort effects explain the employment gap between the refugees and other migrants. The result confirms that refugees and other migrants are less likely to be employed than natives and the employment gap is much higher for refugees. I also find evidence of heterogeneity across gender. Other migrant men do not significantly differ from native men in the probability of being employed. In contrast, refugee women have an economic disadvantage than other migrant women and native women. I find no evidence that health status differences attribute to the employment gap between refugees, other migrants, and natives. Finally, this paper highlights the importance of the migration category when assessing the integration of immigrants into the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erfahrungen von Geflüchteten beim Deutschlernen: Langer Weg mit Stolpersteinen (2021)
Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Stefan Bernhard & Laura Helbig (2021): Erfahrungen von Geflüchteten beim Deutschlernen: Langer Weg mit Stolpersteinen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 26/2021), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Deutschkenntnisse gelten als entscheidend für die gesellschaftlichen Teilhabechancen von Geflüchteten und ihre Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt. Die vorliegende multi-methodische Studie identifiziert basierend auf biografischen Interviews und einer standardisierten Befragung Faktoren, die mit dem Zweitspracherwerb einhergehen. Zudem benennt sie alltägliche Herausforderungen, die sich den Zugewanderten beim Deutschlernen stellen. Geflüchtete Menschen kommen überwiegend mit geringen Deutschkenntnissen nach Deutschland, die sie danach verbessern. Treibende Kräfte dieser Lernprozesse sind die Motivation zum Deutschlernen, die Lerneffizienz und das Ausmaß, in dem sich Geflüchtete der deutschen Sprache aussetzen. Fluchtspezifische Erfahrungen und Aufnahmebedingungen rahmen diese Lernprozesse. Dabei bringt das Zusammenwirken von begünstigenden und hinderlichen Faktoren typische Spracherwerbsverläufe hervor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Employment among female immigrants to Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Blekesaune, Morten (2021): Employment among female immigrants to Europe. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 331-345. DOI:10.1177/00016993211003643
Abstract
"This article investigates how cultural factors might affect the employment of female immigrants to Europe. Cultural factors include the characteristics of individual women, their countries of origin in Africa, Asia and Latin America and the European regions where they reside. Data are from the European Social Survey (2002 to 2019) and various international organisations. Employment is predicted by educational level and religiosity, religious composition of the country of origin, and rates of unemployment in the region of residence. Less educated immigrants from Muslim countries have particularly low employment rates. Contrary to expectations, the employment of female immigrants seems unaffected by overall female employment rates in the region of residence, and correlation with female employment in the country of origin disappears when controlling for its religious composition. The findings for cultural factors are consistent with theories about transculturation and also with theories about religion and moral orders. They are less consistent with a standard acculturation model hitherto popular in the research literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the right track? – The role of work experience in migrant mothers' current employment probability (2021)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina & Andreas Lagemann (2021): On the right track? – The role of work experience in migrant mothers' current employment probability. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1140), Berlin, 36 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the role of work experience in migrant mothers’ current employment in Germany. Unlike previous papers, we focus on actual experience and add the motherhood aspect. To this end, we use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel 2013-2018 including the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample. Having immigrated to Germany and female sex are the two treatments of our sample of 491 migrant mothers, with 7,077 native mothers and 1,383 migrant fathers serving as control groups. Running LPM with individual FE and testing the robustness of the work experience estimators against a range of covariates and unobserved time-varying confounders with Oster bounds, we show that years of domestic parttime experience yield higher returns for migrant mothers compared to migrant fathers and non-migrant mothers. We conclude that current employment is significantly fueled by former employment; thus policies should be designed such that they help women to “get on the right track”." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of housework on wages - A study of migrants and native-born individuals in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Fendel, Tanja (2021): The effect of housework on wages - A study of migrants and native-born individuals in Germany. In: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 473-488., 2020-10-22. DOI:10.1007/s10834-020-09733-5
Abstract
"To increase labour market participation among migrants, an increase in female labour market participation is important, with wages being a significant incentive. In research on the gender wage gap, the consideration of housework has been a milestone. Gender differences in housework time have always been much greater among migrants than among native-born individuals. Based on data obtained from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1995 to 2017, this study questioned whether housework affects the wages of migrant full-time workers differently than those of their native-born counterparts. To consider the possible endogeneity of housework in the wage equation, the analysis estimated, in addition to an OLS model, a hybrid model to estimate within effects. Significant negative effects of housework on wages resulted for migrant women and native-born individuals. The effects for migrant men were significantly smaller or insignificant, which could not be explained by threshold effects. The greater amount of time spent on housework by migrant women than by native-born women will in general lead to a larger wage decrease due to housework for migrant women than for native-born women. The results further showed that the observed variables explained very little of the migrants’ gender wage gap, in contrast to the gap of native-born individuals. Human capital returns, including education and work experiences, were much lower for migrant women than for native-born women, whereas differences in housework equally contributed to the explained share of the gap for both groups, indicating the greater relevance of housework for migrants’ wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Natives and migrants in home production: the case of Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Forlani, Emanuele, Elisabetta Lodigiani & Concetta Mendolicchio (2021): Natives and migrants in home production: the case of Germany. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 1275-1307., 2020-01-08. DOI:10.1007/s11150-020-09480-4
Abstract
"In this paper, we assess the impact of international migration and the induced homecare service labor supply shock on fertility decisions and the labor supply of native females in Germany. Specifically, we consider the individual data of native women from the German Socio-Economic Panel and merge them with data on the share of female immigrants and other regional labor market characteristics. We provide evidence that areas with a high share of female immigrants are more likely to provide a larger amount of services related to household care and lower prices for such services. By controlling for unobserved individual characteristics, we find that an increase at the local level in the share of female immigrants positively affects the probability of having a child, induces women to work longer hours (intensive margin of labor supply) and reduces the number of hours they spend performing family duties (intensive margin of home production). The negative change in household working hours supports the validity of our results. These effects become stronger for (medium-) skilled women." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrantinnen. Teil 2: Erfolgsfaktoren regionaler und kommunaler Förderkonzepte (2021)
Fritsche, Christiane; Pfeffer-Hoffmann, Christian; Pallmann, Ildikó;Zitatform
Fritsche, Christiane, Ildikó Pallmann & Christian Pfeffer-Hoffmann (2021): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrantinnen. Teil 2: Erfolgsfaktoren regionaler und kommunaler Förderkonzepte. (Analysen und Studien / IQ-Fachstelle Einwanderung 2021,07), Berlin: Mensch und Buch Verlag, 90 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Frauen mit Migrationserfahrung spielen die Jobcenter und Agenturen für Arbeit eine zentrale Rolle. In einer zweiteiligen Studie zeigt die Fachstelle Einwanderung, welche Ansätze sie dabei verfolgen und wie sie diese in der Praxis umsetzen. Im ersten Teil der Studie wurden nach einer deutschlandweiten Online-Befragung günstige Rahmenbedingungen, konkrete Angebote und Empfehlungen der Befragten skizziert. Darauf aufbauend analysiert diese Publikation konkrete strukturell angelegte Förderkonzepte in sieben ausgewählten Jobcentern und Agenturen für Arbeit aus verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Erfahrungen und darauf basierenden Erkenntnisse der Mitarbeitenden dieser Einrichtungen sowie ihrer Netzwerkpartner*innen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Geschlechtergerechte Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrant_innen: Erfahrungen aus dem schwedischen Projekt „Equal Entry“ (2021)
Zitatform
Helgesson, Petter, Erik Jönsson, Petra Ornstein, Magnus Rödin & Ulfhild Westin (2021): Geschlechtergerechte Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrant_innen. Erfahrungen aus dem schwedischen Projekt „Equal Entry“. (WISO direkt 2021,12), Bonn, 4 S.
Abstract
"Wie kann die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrantinnen im selben Maße wie die von Migranten befördert werden? Das Projekt „Equal Entry“ wurde als randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie (RCT) angelegt und setzt ein intensives Arbeitsmarktförderprogramm (JSA) ein. Das Programm erhöht den Anteil der in Arbeit vermittelten Personen um 30 Prozent. Es zeigt: Das Erzielen gleicher Effekte für Frauen wie Männer ist möglich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
"By women, for women, and with women": on the integration of highly qualified female refugees into the labour Markets of Berlin and Brandenburg (2021)
Zitatform
Hillmann, Felicitas & Burcu Toğral Koca (2021): "By women, for women, and with women": on the integration of highly qualified female refugees into the labour Markets of Berlin and Brandenburg. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 9. DOI:10.1186/s40878-020-00211-3
Abstract
"This article focuses on the labour market integration of highly qualified female refugees in cosmopolitan Berlin and smaller towns in the county of Brandenburg. Based on interviews with civil society organisations designed mainly for female refugees, universities, employees of the job agency and government administrations, the gendered pathways of stratified access of this group to the labour markets of the two areas were analysed. Special attention was given to the role of emerging intermediary actors and their powers to influence stratified access to the labour markets. As this research shows, a variety of new approaches have evolved, and a web of migration-related jobs to support these women has been created – with marked regional differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrant Women's Economic Outcomes in Europe: The Importance of Religion and Traditional Gender Roles (2021)
Zitatform
Kanas, Agnieszka & Katrin Müller (2021): Immigrant Women's Economic Outcomes in Europe: The Importance of Religion and Traditional Gender Roles. In: International migration review, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 1231-1264. DOI:10.1177/01979183211008867
Abstract
"This article contributes to previous research on immigrant integration by examining how religiosity and gender roles in European countries influence immigrant women's labor market outcomes. Moreover, we extend theoretical work on the importance of the receiving country's norms and values by hypothesizing and testing whether receiving countries' influence varies with immigrant women's religiosity and gender-role attitudes. Using the European Social Survey data and multilevel regression models, we find that religious immigrant women participate less in the labor market and work fewer hours than nonreligious immigrant women. Immigrant women's traditional gender-role attitudes partly explain the negative relationship between individual religiosity and labor market outcomes. While the receiving country's religiosity is negatively related to immigrant women's labor market outcomes, this negative relationship is significantly weaker for religious and gender-traditional immigrant women than for nonreligious and gender-egalitarian women. These findings suggest that the economic benefits of residing in countries that support female employment are limited to immigrant women who are ready and positioned to embrace gender-egalitarian norms and values." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered integration? How recently arrived male and female refugees fare on the German labour market (2021)
Zitatform
Salikutluk, Zerrin & Katrin Menke (2021): Gendered integration? How recently arrived male and female refugees fare on the German labour market. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 284-321. DOI:10.20377/jfr-474
Abstract
"Objective: This paper examines gender differences in the labour market integration of newly arrived refugees in Germany. In particular, we focus on the heterogeneity in employment rates among female refugees. Background: Previous research has demonstrated that refugee women are disadvantaged on the labour market not only compared to their male counterparts, but also compared to other immigrant women. So far, however, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the specific disadvantages of refugee women. Method: Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we analyse the labour market participation of refugees who migrated to Germany between 2013 and 2017. To test our theoretical assumptions, we apply logistic regressions. Results: Our results show that compositional differences in qualifications, family structure, institutional support, and networks can partly explain the gender gap in labour force participation that disadvantage refugee women. We find substantial variation in the importance of different determinants for the labour market outcomes of men and women. Conclusion: As the gender gaps in labour supply could be fully attributed to the theoretical mechanisms offered in the literature, further research is needed to disentangle female refugees' employment behaviour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Marriage migration and women's entry into the German labour market (2021)
Zitatform
Samper, Cristina & Michaela Kreyenfeld (2021): Marriage migration and women's entry into the German labour market. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 439-466. DOI:10.20377/jfr-491
Abstract
"Objective: We analyse the employment patterns of childless first-generation migrants to Germany. In particular, we focus on the behaviour of female "marriage migrants". Marriage migrants are defined as individuals who married after their spouse had moved to Germany. Background: Demographic studies have illustrated that marriage migrants have particularly high childbirth rates upon arrival. There is, however, little empirical evidence on how the childbearing behaviour of migrant women is related to their employment behaviour. Method: We use event history techniques to study women's labour market entry after migration in relation to their childbearing behaviour. We draw on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). The analytical sample is restricted to immigrant women who moved while childless to Germany between 1990 and 2016 (n=981). Results: Compared to other groups, marriage migrants have very low chances of entering the labour market. Only 32 per cent of the migrants in our sample had ever participated in the labour market in the five-year period after their arrival in Germany. A large share of the differences between these migrants and other migrants can be attributed to the socio-demographic composition of these women, and to their tendency to transition to parenthood soon after their arrival. Conclusion: We argue that the low employment rates of female marriage migrants must also be viewed in the context of Germany's migration policies, which do not provide many routes for female third-country nationals to move to Germany. One of the few available channels is that of marriage migration. We conclude by discussing the social policy implications of these findings at a time when Germany is gradually becoming a dual-earner society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market integration of immigrant women in Europe: context, theory and evidence (2021)
Zitatform
Schieckoff, Bentley & Maximilian Sprengholz (2021): The labor market integration of immigrant women in Europe. Context, theory and evidence. In: SN Social Sciences, Jg. 1, H. 11 Konstanz. DOI:10.1007/s43545-021-00279-3
Abstract
"In this overview, we seek to provide a comprehensive resource for scholars of female immigrant labor market integration in Europe, to act both as a reference and a roadmap for future studies in this domain. We begin by presenting a contextual history of immigration to and within Europe since the Second World War, before outlining the major theoretical assumptions about immigrant women's labor market disadvantage. We then synthesize the empirical findings from quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2020 and analyze how they line up with the theoretical predictions. We supplement the review with descriptive analyses using data from 2019, which expose any discrepancies between the current situation in European countries and the situation during the time periods considered in the reviewed studies. Our review has three main take-aways. First, the theoretically relevant determinants of immigrant women's labor market integration are generally supported by empirical evidence, but the unexplained heterogeneity that remains in many cases between immigrant women and other groups on the labor market calls for more systematic and comprehensive investigations. Second, quantitative studies which take a holistic approach to studying the labor market disadvantages of immigrant women—and all the considerations related to their gender and nativity that this entails—are rare in this body of literature, and future studies should address this. Third, fruitful avenues for future contributions to this field include expanding on certain overlooked outcomes, like immigrant women's self-employment, as well as geographic regions that until now have received little attention, especially by employing the most recent data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market integration of immigrant women in Europe: context, theory and evidence (2021)
Zitatform
Schieckoff, Bentley & Maximilian Sprengholz (2021): The labor market integration of immigrant women in Europe. Context, theory and evidence. (Working Paper / Universität Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality" 02), Konstanz, 52 S.
Abstract
"Women represent an important component of the immigration population in Europe and have increasingly been a group of interest in academic studies, especially with regard to their integration outcomes. In this overview, we seek to provide a comprehensive resource for scholars of female immigrant labor market integration in Europe, to act both as a reference and a roadmap for future studies in this domain. We begin by presenting a contextual history of immigration to and within Europe since the Second World War, before outlining the major theoretical assumptions about immigrant women's labor market disadvantage from economics and sociology. We then synthesize the empirical findings published between 2000 and 2020 and analyze how they line up with the theoretical predictions. We also present descriptive analyses with data from 2019, which expose any discrepancies between the current situation in European countries and the situation during the time periods considered in the reviewed studies. As a group, immigrant women are often reported to experience significant disadvantages in their labor market integration, both compared to immigrant men and to native women. However, this type of approach glosses over the substantial heterogeneity in immigrant women's experiences. Instead, our overview points to a selective disadvantage for immigrant women that is highly dependent on their country of origin and the reception context they encounter after immigration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market participation of recently-arrived immigrant women in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Schieckoff, Bentley & Claudia Diehl (2021): The labor market participation of recently-arrived immigrant women in Germany. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 322-350. DOI:10.20377/jfr-462
Abstract
"Objective: This article investigates the role of motivation in female immigrants' labour force participation. Focusing on recently-arrived immigrants (who have resided in the host country for 18 months or less), we compare the outcomes of two different ethnic groups in Germany: Poles and Turks. Background: The immigrant integration literature tends to focus on the role of resources in immigrant labour market integration. However, when examining particularly the labour force participation of female immigrants, their motivation for joining the labour force is also important. Previous studies of female immigrants in Germany have often neglected this consideration, which includes aspects like culturally-specific gender values and perceived ethnic discrimination. Method: We use data from the SCIP project (Diehl et al., 2015) to conduct logistic regressions on female immigrants' labour force participation. Our sample includes 829 female immigrants from Poland and Turkey between the ages of 18-60, who were either active in the labour force or were 'at risk' of entering. Results: In line with previous studies, our analysis shows that female immigrants' labour market resources, mainly their prior work experience and German proficiency, greatly reduce the ethnic gap in labour force participation rates. Moreover, motivational factors have a large impact on this outcome for both groups, and greatly enhance the picture that our empirical models present. However, we find no evidence that perceived ethnic discrimination plays an important role. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that when seeking to understand the labour market participation of female immigrants, their resources and motivation should be seen as key components of a gender-sensitive analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Innovative Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung in Deutschland (2021)
Zitatform
Schäfer, Susann (2021): Innovative Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung in Deutschland. Gütersloh, 31 S. DOI:10.11586/2021005
Abstract
"Innovative Gründungen sind eine wichtige Säule einer dynamischen Wirtschaft. Besonders Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung bringen viele Qualitäten mit, um innovative Unternehmen aufzubauen. Dieses Potenzial kommt in Deutschland allerdings nur unzureichend zur Entfaltung, auch im internationalen Vergleich. Auf Basis statistischer Erhebungen und Interviews mit Gründer:innen und Gründungsberater:innen zeigt die Studie konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen zur Förderung von Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung auf." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating Institutions for Integration: Perceived Institutional Barriers of Access to the Labour Market among Refugee Women in Sweden (2021)
Zitatform
Spehar, Andrea (2021): Navigating Institutions for Integration: Perceived Institutional Barriers of Access to the Labour Market among Refugee Women in Sweden. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 3907-3925. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feaa140
Abstract
"Sweden may in many respects be regarded as one of the most gender-equal countries in the world today. However, when looking at the situation of immigrant women a more unsettling picture emerges. Employment rates illustrate large gaps between native and immigrant women, as well as significant gender gaps between immigrant men and women. When investigating plausible explanations for underrepresentation of immigrant women in the labour market, scholars have mainly focussed on cultural and individual explanatory factors. In contrast, this article casts our analytical gaze towards institutional factors by examining the experiences of refugee women who, despite expressing a positive attitude and strong willingness to establish themselves on the Swedish labour market, had not succeeded in finding secure employment. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with refugee women, the results suggest that the insufficient institutional support during the first years in Sweden, devaluation of competence and challenges with ‘starting over’ are perceived as central barriers hindering their access to the Swedish labour market. To facilitate higher labour force participation among refugee women in Sweden it is crucial to develop and implement gender-sensitive measures that target different groups of immigrant women and meet their distinct experiences, needs, and interests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From "guest workers" to EU migrants: A gendered view on the labour market integration of different arrival cohorts in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Sprengholz, Maximilian, Claudia Diehl, Johannes Giesecke & Michaela Kreyenfeld (2021): From "guest workers" to EU migrants: A gendered view on the labour market integration of different arrival cohorts in Germany. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 252-283. DOI:10.20377/jfr-492
Abstract
"Objective: This paper draws on data from the Microcensus to provide a long-term overview of the labour market performance of different arrival cohorts of non-German women and men who immigrated to (western) Germany. Background: While there is a large body of research on the labour market outcomes of migrants to Germany, a long-term and gender-specific overview is missing. Method: We provide descriptive analyses of the employment rates, working hours, and occupational status levels of different arrival cohorts by gender, calendar year, and duration of stay. The data cover the time period 1976-2015. Results: With the exception of the earliest cohort, migrant women and men were consistently less likely to be employed than their German counterparts. While the average working hours of migrant women of earlier cohorts were longer than those of German women, this pattern reversed due to a considerable decline in the average working hours of migrant women across subsequent cohorts. The occupational status levels of female and male migrants increased across the arrival cohorts, corresponding to higher levels of education. Analyses by duration of stay indicate that the occupational status of the arrival cohorts tended to decline during their initial years of residence, and to stagnate thereafter. This pattern seems to be due in part to selective outmigration. Conclusion: Our results clearly show that the labour market performance of immigrants varied greatly by arrival cohort, reflecting the conditions and policy contexts during which they entered Germany. This conclusion applied especially to migrant women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and intergenerational stability in female employment: The impact of differences between sending and receiving countries (2021)
Zitatform
Tsolak, Dorian, Marvin Bürmann & Martin Kroh (2021): Migration and intergenerational stability in female employment: The impact of differences between sending and receiving countries. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 351-404. DOI:10.20377/jfr-490
Abstract
"Objective: This article studies the intergenerational stability of employment in families of immigrants cross-nationally by investigating to what extent contextual differences between sending and receiving countries affect the transmission of labour force participation from mothers to daughters. Background: It is often argued that a low level of labour force participation among female immigrants reflects gender norms inherited from the sending country, or, alternatively, that it is indicative of obstacles to social mobility in the receiving country. We seek to add to the existing research on this topic by providing evidence of differences between sending and receiving countries that systematically affect the labour market behaviour of female immigrants. Method: We use individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for 35 receiving countries for a 14-year period (2004-2018) in combination with contextual data for 172 sending countries from 1960 to 2018. First, we provide an overview of employment rates and intergenerational employment stability for different combinations of sending and receiving contexts with respect to the labour force participation rates of female immigrants. Second, we corroborate our descriptive findings with multilevel models. Results: Our paper shows that there are changes in the levels of intergenerational employment stability among immigrants depending on the differences in the female labour force participation rates between the sending and the receiving countries. We find that when women migrate from countries with low female labour force participation rates to countries with high female labour force participation rates, their probability of participating in the labour force increases. However, we also find that the levels of intergenerational employment stability in this group are high. Conclusion: Intergenerational employment stability seems to be responsive to contextual differences between sending and receiving countries. We observe the highest levels of intergenerational stability in employment between mothers and daughters in families who migrated from countries with low female labour force participation rates to countries with high female labour force participation rates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fünf Jahre "Wir schaffen das" - Eine Bilanz aus der Perspektive des Arbeitsmarktes (2020)
Brücker, Herbert ; Vallizadeh, Ehsan ; Gundacker, Lidwina ; Keita, Sekou ; Guichard, Lucas; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Fendel, Tanja ; Jaschke, Philipp ;Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Tanja Fendel, Lucas Guichard, Lidwina Gundacker, Philipp Jaschke, Sekou Keita, Yuliya Kosyakova & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2020): Fünf Jahre "Wir schaffen das" - Eine Bilanz aus der Perspektive des Arbeitsmarktes. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 11/2020), Nürnberg, 65 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Bericht untersucht die Arbeitsmarktintegration der 2013 bis einschließlich 2016 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden auf Grundlage der dritten Welle der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten, die mit Daten aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) verknüpft wurden sowie aktuellen Daten der Beschäftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Unter den Geflüchteten, die sich bis zum Jahresende 2019 fünf Jahre in Deutschland aufgehalten haben, waren 55 Prozent beschäftigt, unter denjenigen, die sich wie die 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten, vier bis fünf Jahre in Deutschland aufgehalten haben, waren es 46 Prozent. Im zweiten Halbjahr 2018 waren unter den erwerbstätigen Geflüchteten 57 Prozent als Fachkräfte, Spezialisten und Experten tätig. Die Geflüchteten sind sehr viel stärker als andere Beschäftigtengruppen von den wirtschaftlichen Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie betroffen: Während die Beschäftigung vom Jahresende 2019 bis Juni 2020 insgesamt um ein Prozent gesunken ist, belief sich der Beschäftigungsrückgang bei den Staatsangehörigen aus den Asylherkunftsländern auf drei Prozent und war damit rund drei Mal so hoch wie im Durchschnitt. Im gleichen Zeitraum des Vorjahres war die Beschäftigung von Staatsangehörigen aus den Asylherkunftsländern noch um sieben Prozent gewachsen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten im Jahr 2020 voraussichtlich deutlich unter einer Beschäftigungsquote von 50 Prozent bleiben. Die Beschäftigungsquoten geflüchteter Frauen liegen erheblich unter denjenigen geflüchteter Männer. Dies steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der Familienkonstellation geflüchteter Frauen, vor allem mit den hohen Anteilen von Frauen mit Kindern im betreuungsbedürftigen Alter." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Brücker, Herbert ; Gundacker, Lidwina ; Keita, Sekou ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Fendel, Tanja ; Jaschke, Philipp ; -
Literaturhinweis
Dis-Qualifiziert? Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund am Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland (2020)
Farrokhzad, Schahrzad;Zitatform
Farrokhzad, Schahrzad (2020): Dis-Qualifiziert? Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund am Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland. In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 230-242. DOI:10.3262/MIG2003230
Abstract
"Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund stellen ein Potenzial für den Arbeitsmarkt dar – welches sie jedoch oftmals nicht in adäquater Form einbringen können. Eine intersektionelle Analyse ihrer Situation mit Blick auf den Arbeitsmarkt zeigt vielmehr, dass Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund überproportional häufig strukturell benachteiligt sind – und sich damit soziale Ungleichheitsverhältnisse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt reproduzieren (bspw. im Bereich der beruflichen Statusgruppen, Verdienstmöglichkeiten und Altersarmut). Neben der (Nicht-)Anerkennung von Abschlüssen, vielerorts fehlende systematische Kompetenzanalysen und fehlender Passgenauigkeit und Flexibilität von Nachqualifizierungen können (je nach Lebenslage und Qualifikationsstatus) stellen u.a. die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie, wenig transparente Informationen über das komplexe Bildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem, aufenthaltsrechtliche Fragen und intersektionale Diskriminierungserfahrungen Herausforderungen für Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund darstellen. Der Beitrag thematisiert heterogene Lebenslagen, Qualifikations- und Berufserfahrungen der Frauen, Barrieren im Zugang zu Qualifizierung und Erwerbsarbeit sowie Gelingensbedingungen, die wirkungsvoll die arbeitsmarktliche Teilhabe von Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund stärken können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How Elastic is the Labour Supply of Female Migrants Relative to the Labour Supply of Female Native? (2020)
Zitatform
Fendel, Tanja (2020): How Elastic is the Labour Supply of Female Migrants Relative to the Labour Supply of Female Native? In: De Economist, Jg. 168, H. 4, S. 475-517., 2020-06-15. DOI:10.1007/s10645-020-09368-9
Abstract
"This study estimates the wage elasticities of migrants and natives by using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984 to 2015 and a grouping instrumental variable estimator. Female migrants who live with a partner have lower own- and cross-wage elasticities than respective female natives, and the elasticities of non-Western female migrants are insignificant. The relationship between participation and elasticity is not in all cases positive, but parallel to labour market integration, the time since migration increases the elasticities of women. Elasticities indicate the potential to increase participation; therefore, it is especially important for non-Western female migrants to remove barriers to flexible wage responses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen